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Thëse Docteur De L'université De Grenoble THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE Spécialité : Science de Geston Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par Wang Yong Thèse dirigée par Jacques TRAHAND et codirigée par Yuyinchuan YU préparée au sein du Laboratoire CNRS CERAG dans l'École Doctorale Science Gestion L'identification et l'étude d'évaluation sur le risque de stratégie des compagnies aériennes chinoises Thèse soutenue publiquement le 15 Octobre 2012 devant le jury composé de : Mr Charles MARTINET Professeur à l’IAE de Lyon, Rapporteur Mr Yuyinchuan Professeur à l’Institut de Recherche de Shanghai, Rapporteur Mr Alain SPALANZANI Professeur à l’Université Pierre Mendès France, Président M Jacques TRAHAND Professeur à l’Université Pierre Mendès France, Directeur de thèse Université Joseph Fourier / Université Pierre Mendès France / Université Stendhal / Université de Savoie / Grenoble INP ABSTRACT Nowadays, enterprises are facing more changes ˈ uncertainties but airlines companies are facing the greatest challenges. There is no systemic and comprehensive researches on the strategy risk in airline industry. Thus this article mainly studies strategy management from the risk perspective. There are three main parts. Firstly, this article proposed one strategy risk factors identification system for Chinese airlines companies based on the strategy position, strategy choice and strategy implementation. Work-risk analysis and expert interview were used to extract 16 strategy risks, and then the transformation conditions from strategy risk factors to strategy risks were analyzed. In the second part, ANP was used to get the weights for 16 strategy risks, and then the airline industry strategy risk levels were evaluated in three layers, strict control layer, control layer and watching layer. Combined with fuzzy evaluation method, this article evaluated the strategy risks of 12 Chinese airlines companies and analyzed their differences. Based on the identification and evaluation, one decision model was proposed. In the third part, the study implemented the empirical research in the case study; i.e. on Chinese Eastern Airline. The strategy risk level evaluated and the strategy risks were analyzed. -This article innovated in the following aspects. This research applied the strategy risk theory into airline industry and the case study. -Secondly it combined the qualitative method with quantitative method, using ANP and fuzzy evaluation methods. -Thirdly, two core identification dimensions (strategy risk factors identification and transformation condition analysis) were proposed. According to the evaluation results, the Chinese airline strategy risks were categorized into three layers, and strategy risks of different airlines analyzed. Keywords: Strategy- Strategic Risk ˈˈˈ Strategic risk identification and evaluation, Airline companies. Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background and Significance 1.2 Research Scope and Structural Framework: 1.3 Study Objective 1.4 Study Method Chapter 2 Literature Review .............................................................................. 10 2.1 Strategy and Strategic Management 2.1.1 Research school and concept of strategy. ....................................................... 10 2.1.2 Strategic Management Process. ...................................................................... 12 2.1.3 Chinese strategic thinking and problem management .................................... 19 2.2 Risk and Risk Management 2.2.1 The origin and definition of the risk .............................................................. 23 2.2.2 Mechanism of occurrence of risks.................................................................. 26 2.2.3 Concepts and development of enterprises risk management .......................... 27 2.2.4 The process and model of risk management .................................................. 28 2.2.5 Risk management practices in our country .................................................... 29 2. 3 Strategic Risk 2.3.1 Concept, types and causes .............................................................................. 31 2.3.2 Strategic Risk status at home and abroad ....................................................... 34 2.3.3 Problems of strategic risk research ................................................................. 36 2.4 Chapter Summary Chapter 3 Air Transport Industry and Strategic Risk Generation Mechanism .... 39 3.1 Types of Air Transportation risks 3.2 The Development and Strategic Air Transportation Industry 3.2.1 The air transport industry ............................................................................... 44 3.2.2 The strategic course of the domestic airline ................................................... 48 3.3 Strategic Risk Management Process in the Generation Mechanism 3.3.1The meaning of corporate strategy and corporate strategic risk ...................... 49 3.3.2 Strategic positioning and business strategy risk ............................................. 51 3.3.3 Strategy formulation and selection of strategic risks arising from ................. 55 3.3.4 Implementation of the strategy processes of strategic risk ............................. 56 3.4 Strategic Business Risks During the Operation of the Generation Mechanism 3.4.1 Market failure and the risk of corporate strategy ........................................... 58 3.4.2 Enterprise resources and corporate strategic risk ........................................... 58 3.4.3 Strategic risk and corporate entrepreneurship ................................................ 59 3.4.4 Entrepreneurs and corporate strategic risk ..................................................... 60 3.5 Concludes of This Chapter Chapter 4 China Air Transport Strategic Risk Identification ............................ 64 4.1 Process and Basic Content of the Enterprise Strategic Risk Identification 4.1.1 The meaning of strategic risk identification ................................................... 64 4.1.2 Principles and content of Strategy risk identification ..................................... 65 4.1.3 Processes and methods of strategic risk identification ................................... 65 4.1.4The challenges of strategic risk identification ................................................. 66 4.2 Chinese Aviation Industry Strategic Risk Identification 4.2.1 Strategic risk factors identified ....................................................................... 67 4.2.2 Strategic risk factors into the strategic risk and strategic risk analytic conditions ........................................................................................................................ 73 4.3 Conclusion Charter 5 Risk Evaluation for China Airlines ................................................... 97 5.1 ANP and AHP 5.2 The strategy risk analysis of China’s airline transport enterprises 5.2.1 The construction of ANP model on strategy risk factors ................................ 98 5.2.2 Weight determination and .............................................................................. 99 5.2.3 The explanations of strategic risk factors’ weight. ....................................... 101 5.3 The strategic risk comparison of airline transport in China 5.3.1 The object of strategic risk evaluation ......................................................... 103 5.3.2 The strategic risk evaluation of airlines........................................................ 107 5.3.3 The comparison analysis of strategic risk .................................................... 108 5.4 Conclusion Charter 6 Strategic Risk Control and Decision ............................................... 111 6.1 Strategic risk control 6.1.1 The strategic risk avoidance ......................................................................... 112 6.1.2 The strategic risk reduction .......................................................................... 112 6.1.3 The strategic risk transfer ............................................................................. 113 6.1.4 The strategic risk acceptance ........................................................................ 113 6.1.5 The use strategic risk. ................................................................................... 113 6.2 The decision-making of strategic risk in China’s air transport enterprises 6.2.1 The concept of strategic risk decision-making. ............................................ 114 6.2.2Strategic risk decision model ........................................................................ 115 6.2.3 The input conditions Strategic risk decision ................................................ 116 6.2.4 Strategic risk response options and recommendations ................................. 116 6.3 chapter summary Chapter 7 The Empirical Study of China Eastern Airlines ............................. 124 7.1 China Eastern Air Holding Company 7.1.1 Basic situation .............................................................................................. 124 7.1.2 China Eastern Airlines Strategic Management ............................................. 125 7.2 China Eastern Airlines strategic risk identification 7.2.1 China Eastern Airlines’ risk identification of strategic positioning .............. 127 7.2.2 Strategic choice of China Eastern Airlines Risk Identification .................... 127 7.2.3
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