3880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 20,
D et··oit, favorin(" the governmental ownership and control of By Mr. STIWHENSON: Petition of the Trunk Maker's Union, toleg-caphs-to the Committee on the Post-Office 'and Post- of Detroit, Mich., in favor of governmental ownership and con Ro::tds. · trol of the telegraph systems-to the Committee on the Post Also, p ~· otest of the Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church Office and Post-Roads. of ~fichigan, against the peoposed Gad-in-the-Constitution By Mr. TRACEY: Petition of citizens of Albany, N. Y., amendment-to the Committee on the Judiciary. against the proposed change of the Constitution-to the Com By .1r. HARE: Petition of Edward Orton and others, profes mittee on the Judiciary. - ors in Ohio Stg,te University, for retention of the Coast and By Mr. UPDEGRAFF: P etition of S. W. Hill, of Osage, Geodetic Survey in the control of the Treasury Department-to Iowa, against a tax on the income of building and loan associa the Committee on Appropriations. tions-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Bv Mr. HENDEH.SOJ.. of Illinois: Protest of A. Wagner, By Mr. WEADOOK: Petition of Detroit cigar m anufactur chairman; A. Mueller, secratary, and others of the Evangelical ers against change in ravenue laws relating to cigars-to the Lutheran Echool committee of Illinois, against the proposed Committee on Ways and Means, amendment to the Constitution of the United States-to the Com By Mr. WHEELER of Alabama: Papers to accompany bill mittee on the Judiciary. for the claim of William A. Walker, of Colbert County, Ala. By Mr. IZLAR: .Memorial of the City Council of Charleston, to the Committee on War Claims. S.C., urg·ing that the recommendation of the United States Also, papers to accompany bill for the relief of Henry Davis, Light-House Board for an appropriation of $155,000, for the pur of Madison County, Ala.-to the Committee on War Claims. chase of a site for a supply depot to be constructed at or near one of the dock piers a.t Charleston, S. C., and for the erection thereon of suitable buildings, be carried out without delay-to the Committee on Appropriations. SEN.ATE. Bv Mr. LIVINGSTON: Papers to accompany bill for the re FRIDAY_, lie(of Cephas A. Christian-to the Committee on War Claims. April 20, 1894. By Mr. MARTIN of Indiana: Protest of Rev. E. H. Scheips, Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. Conrad Stark, and others, of St. John's Lutheran Church, of The Journal of yesterday's proc3edings was read and approved. Peru, Ind.; of Rev. C. F. W. Huge and others, of St. John's EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS. Lutheran Church, of Bingen, Ind., and of Rev. S. Hassold, of The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi Huntington, Ind., against the proposed religious amendment of cation from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitt ing, in the Constitution of the United States-t.o the Committee on the response to a rl3solution of December 21 , 18!)3, a report of the Judiciary. Third Auditor of the Treasury and accompanying papers in re-. By Mr. McCLEARY of Minnesoh: Protest of President Cyrus gard to any and all matters not heretofore reported relative to Northrop and Prof. W. W. Tolwell, C. W. Hall, and N. H. the Indian war claims of the State of California, etc.· which Winchell, of the University of Minnesota, against the bill to was r ead. abolish the Coast Survey-to the Committee on Appropriations. Mr. \iVHITE. The communication is in response to a r asolu-. By Mr. McLAURIN: Resolutions adopted by the city council tion submitted by me and adopted by the Senate last D .= cember. of Charleston, S. C., urging the speedy appropriation of $155,- I suggest that, in so far as the communication relates to the sum 000, as recommended by the United States Lig-ht-House Board, claimed, the report of the Treasury Department, and t h e state for the purch~e of a site for a supply depot to be constructed at ment of the State of California, that it be printed without the or near one of the dock piers at Charleston, S. C., and for the exhibits. and that with the exhibits the communication and · erection thereon of suitable buildings, be carried out without accompanying papers be referred to the Committee on Military delay-to the Committee on Appropriations. Affairs. I make that motion. By Mr. McNAGNY: Protest of the Evangelical Lutheran The motion was agreed to. Church of the Redeemer, Fort Wayne, Ind., and of St. Paul The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica Evangelical Lutheran Church, Gar Creek, Ind., against the pro tion from the Attorney-General, transmitting, in response to a posed amendment to the Constitution of the United States-to resolution of the 14th instant, a list of judgments r endered by the Committee on the Judiciary the Court of Claims in Indian depredation cases; which, with the By Mr. MEIKLEJOHN: Protest from the Evn.ngeiical Luth accompanying papers, was referred to the Committee on Indian eran Church of Martinsburg, Dixon County, Nebr., and 112 Depredations, and ordered to be printed. communicants, against the proposed amendment to the Consti He also laid before the Senate a communic3.tion from the At t ·Jtion-to the Committee on the Judiciary. torney-General, transmitting, in response to a resolution of the By Mr. MERCER: Three petitions remonstrating against the 17th instant, a list of all persons in office AprillO, H94, in the pl'Oposed change in the preamble of the Constitution of the United Department of Justice, employed by the Government ir... the de St1tes-to the Committee on the Judiciary. fense of Indian depredation cases, etc.; which was referred to the Bv Mr. PERKINS: PTotest from the Evangelical Lutheran Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment, and ordered to Church at Spirit Lake, Iowa, against a proposed amendment of be printed. the Constitution of the United States-to the Committee on the MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. Judiciary. - "' By Mr. PICKLER: Petition of the Woman's Christian Tem A message from -the House of Represent::ttives, by Mr. T. 0. perance Union of the District of Columbia, representing 1,000 TOWLES, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had agreed members, favoring the passage of Senate bill 1841, providing to the report of the committee of conference on the disagreeing· for the seating of women employes in shops and stores of the votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to tho District-to the Committee on the District of Columbia. hill (H. R. 6556) to provide for further urgent deficiencies in the By Mr. REYBURN: Petition of citizens of Philadelphia, Pa., appropriations for the service of the Government for the fiscal in favor of the exemption of loan and building associations from year ending June 30, 1894, and for other purposes. income tax-to the Committee on Ways and Means. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. By Mr. RICHARDSON of Michigan: Resolution of the Bar 'The VICE-PRESIDENT presented a memorial of the Inter bers' Union, Detroit, Mich., in favor of Government control of national Unionof Journeymen Horseshoers, of Denver, Colo., re a telegraph system-to the Committee on the Post-Office and monstrating against the ~ratification of the proposed treaty with ~oat-Ro a ds. China; which was ordered to lie on the table. By Mr. SCRANTON: Memorial of Ohio and Pennsylvania Mr. BUTLER presented petition of the city council of Charles wool-deaiers against the Wilson bill-to the Committee on Ways ton, S. C., praying that an appropriation of $155,0t)0 be made for and .Means. the purchase of a site for a deoot for the Light-House Service, Also, resolution of Diamond Lodge, No. 26, Shield of Honor, to be constructed at or near one of the dock piers at Charleston, and petition of C. W. Lamoreaux and others, of Carbondale, Pa., S.C., and also for the erection of suitable buildings; which was in favor of the Manderson-Hainer bill-to the Committee on the referred to the Committee on Commerce. Post-Office and Post-Roads. Mr. CULLOM presented a petition of Franklin Lodge, No.16, By Mr. SHAW: Protest of J. F. Boerger, pastor, A. Gerke Ancient Order of United Workmen, of Moline, Ill., praying that and R:. H. Zempee, trustees of Evangelical Lutheran Trinity fraternal society and college journals be admitted to the mails Church, of Fall Creek, Eau Claire County, Wis., against the so as second-class matter; which was referred to the Committee on called Gad-in-the-Constitution amendment to the Constitution Post-Offices and Post-Roads. of the United States-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. VEST presented a memorial of the president and profess By Mr. SMITH of Arizona: Protest of the board of supet·vi ors of the University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo., remonstrat sors of Yavapai County, Arizona, against the passage of bill ing against the transfer of the Coast and Geodetic Survey to granting 1,000,00~ acres of desert lands to certain Shtes and the Navy and Geological Survey; which was referred to the Territories-to the Committee on the Public Lands. Committee on Naval Afiairs. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3881 . ~ , He also presented a petition of Maxville Lodge, No. 332, An section 2, line J, after the word '' r~il way " to insert '' or street cient Ordee of United Workmen, of Maxville, Mo., praying that herdic transportation," so as to make the section read: - fraternal society and college journals be admitted to the mails SEC. 2. That any street railway or street herdic transporcation company doing business in the District of Columbia which shall violate the provi- · as second-class matter; which was referred to the Committee on sions of this act shall be liable to a fine of not to exceed $10 for each offense, Post-Officesand Post-Roads. to be recovered in any court of compe ~ ent jurisdiction. Mr. PEJ:l'FER presented the memorial of Rev. G. Luecke, pastor, and sundry other members of St. Martin's Evangelical The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is upon agreeing to Lutheran Church, of Winfield, Kans., remonstrating against the second amendmeut of the House of Representatives. the adoption of an amendment to the preamble of the Consti The amendment was agreed to. tution of the United States recognizing the Deity; which was COURTS lN NEBRASKA. re'eered to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. PROCTOR presented a petition of the Woman's Chris Mr. PUGH. I am instructed by the Committee on the Judi tian Temperance Union of the District of Columbia, praying ciary, to whom was referred the bill (H. R.10_;) to fix the times tor the passage of Senate bill No. 1841, providing for the seat and places for holding the Federal courts in the State and dis- . ing of female help in offices, stores, etc., when such persons trict of Nebraska, to report it without amendment and recom are not actively employed; which was referred to the Commit mend its passage. tee on the District of Columbia. Mr. HOAR. I desire to appeal to the Senator from Alabama [Mr. PUGHJ, the chairman ot the J udiciaryCommittee. I ask that REPORTS OF COMMIT'l'EES. Senator to consent to have the bill which he just reported recom- . Mr. ALLEN, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was re mitted to the C,ommittee on the Judiciary. In the light of what ferred the bill (S. 13ot) for the relief of the legal representatives was said, I think in the Senator's ab.3ence, in regard to the cre of Hiram Some1·ville, reported it with amendments, and sub· ation of a new judicial district in that State, and as I understand mitted a report thereon. one of the Senators from Nebraska would like to be heard before Mr. McPHERSON, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, to the committee, perhaps a solution of the matt9rcould be arrived whom was referred the bill (S.1779) authorizing certain offic3rs at which would be satisfactory to all parties. I ask the Senator of the Navy to administer oaths, reported it without amend to allow the bill to ba recommitted that the matter may be ment, and submitted a report thereon. heard. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the Mr. ALLEN. I hope theSenatoe from Massachusetts will not bill (S.l781) to a.mend section 3719 of the Revised Statutes, re insist upon that request. The bill as reported I understand pro ported it with an amendment, and submitted a report thereon. videsfor certain terms of Federal court in the State of Nebraska 1r. VOORHEES. Some time ago I offered what I intended that are necessary and proper. I think that its passage ought 1o propose as an amendment to the sundry civil appropriation not to be hampered in any way by the bill of my coUeague now bill. a p:coposition for the purchase of the oil portrait of Dolly before the Judiciary Committee. If tne Judiciary Committ-ee Madison, by Mr. Andrews. I am now authorized by the Com see fit to recommend the bill now before them for the division of mittee on the Library to report it in the form of a bill, which I the State into two judicial districts, it will be a very easy mat ask m9.y bv read and placed upon the Calendar. ter by a very few words to fix the teems of the courts. H that The bill (S. 1936) for the purchase of the oil portrait of Mrs. bill for any reason should fail to be recommended or fail to pass, Dolly Madison, by E. F. Andrews, ·was read twice by its title. then this bill would be so much farther advanced upon the Cal Mr. FAULKNER, from the Committee on the District qf Co endar and could be acted upon by the Senate. lumbia, to whom was referred the bill (S.1774) to amend an act Mr. HOAR. Therecommitmentofthe bill will notembariaSs entitled "An act to punish false swearing before trial boards of or dela.v the final action of the Senate. one moment, I am quite the Metropolitan police _force and fire depa~tment of the District sure. I take perhaps a little blama upon myself. The senior of Columbia, and for other purposes," approved May 11,1892, re benator from Nebraska [Mr. MANDERSON] desired to be heard . ported it with amendments. before the committee and he was not heard. Under those cir He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the cumstances, I suppose the unvarying course of the Senate would· bill (8.1629) to amend the act incorporating the Eckington .and be, on the request of any member of the committee, to have a Soldiers' Home Railway Companv of the District of Columbia, recommitment, unless it were in a case where the recommit approved June 19, 1888, reported ~adversely thereon, and the bill ment would subst::tntially or at all delay the ultimate action on was postponed indefinitely. the bill. DISTRICT STREET RAILWAY TICKETS. Mr. ALLEN. If my colleague desit·es to be heard before the Judiciary Committee, I have not the slightest objection to the Mr. FAULKNER. I am directed by the Committee on the bill being re-referred . . I was not aware of that. District of Columbia, to whom were referred the amendments of Mr. HOAR. That is the ground which I offer. the House of Representatives to the bill (S. 443) to provide for Mr. PUGH. The bill that I reported from the Judiciary the sale of new tickets by the street railway companies of the Committee relates purely to a local matter, and I consider that District of Columbia, to report two amendments to the first it ought to be under the control of the Senators from that State. amendment of the House, and recommend concurrence in the It has passed the other House unanimously, and-- amendment as proposed to be amended, and that the remaining Mr. MANDERSON. I think the bill had better be recom amendment of the House be concurred in without amendment. mitted to the committee. Thereare matters on file in thatcom The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendments will be stated in mittee which, it se3ms to me, must have been overlooked in the. their order. deliberation upon the bill. But it is not only for that. reason. The first amendment of the House of Representatives was to and because I had no notice that this local matter was to be heard strike out section 1 of the bill and insert: by the committee a.!ld acted upon. Yesterday I introduced a That from and after the passage of this act, each street railway and street herdic transportation company in the Di~trict of Columbia shall issuei ts own bill which is akin to this, and I think it should be considered tickets, and sell no tickets issued by any other company. Such tickets shall with it. For- these reasons I think it desirable that the bill be printed and sold in sheets of six tickets each, and after having been once should be recommitted to the Committee on the Judiciary. used shall be canceled by the eompany which issued the same. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request The amendments of the Committee on the District of Colum of the Senator from Massachusetts that the bill be recommitted. bia to the amendment of the House of Representatives were, in Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I hope the chairm'l.n of the· line 1 of the proposed section 1, to strike out the words Committee on the Judiciary will conse:dt to a recommittal of the "from and," and in line 2, after the word "after" to insert bill. I have in my hand some papers handed me by the senior "thirty days from," so as to read: Senator from Nebraska some time ago, and also some papers That after thirty days !rom the passage of this act, etc. from a member of the other House from Nebraska. I was un -· able to be present at the last two meetings of the committee, And to add to the section the following proviso: which was of course my own fault. For this reason I should Provided, That all street railway companies and herdic transportation like to have the bi!.l recommitted. companies doing business in the District of Columbia shall receive and ex change tickets with each other, and said companies shall make monthly Mr. PUGH. To terminate this consumption of time, I consent settlements with each other, and shall redeem 1n money any tickets 1n ex to a recommittal of the bill. ceEs or the number o! tickets exchanged. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the recom The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the mittal of the bill? The Chair hears none, and the bill is recom~ amendments of the Committee on the District of Columbia to mitted to the Committee on the Judiciary. - · the first amendment of the House of Representatives. The amendments to the amendment were agreed to. PRINTING OF MEMORIAL ADDRESSES. '£he amendment as amended was .agreed to. . Mr. GORMAN, from the Committee on Printing, to whom The next amendment of the House of Representatives was, in was referred the-following concurrentresolution from the House 3882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL ·20,
of Represet?-tatives,, reported it without amendment, and it was city of Lexington! Mo.; which was read twice by its title, and considered by un.1mmous consent, and agreed to: referred to the Com::nittee on Commerce. ResohJej by tll.s House of JlgpresenUitiues (tiM &na1e con.currlng), That there Mr. BLANC.EIA.H.Dintroiucad a bill (S. 1931) for the relief of be printed of the eulogies delivered in Congress upon the Hon. Wllliam H. Holmes and Leathers: which wJ.s rea:i twice by its title, andre Enochs, late a Representative from the S1ia.te of Onio, 8,0J:J copies, of which ferred to the Committee on Claims, number. 2,0JO copies shall be deiiv~red to the Sana. tors and Representatives of the State of Ohio, which shall include 50 copies to be bound in full mo He also introduced a bill (S. 1 132) g :anting a p9nsion to Mrs. rocco to be delivered to the family of the de~ea.sed, and of the remaining, Sophia .Le3sing ; which w::ts r 3a.d twice by it:3 title, and referred 2,000 shall be for the use of tne Senate, and 4.0JO for the use or the Housa of Renresentatives. and the Secretary of the Tre:\sury is directed to have en to t he Committee on Pensions. graved and pt·inted a portrait of the said William H. Enocns, to accompany Mr. BAT~ introd uc~ d a bill (S. 1933) granting a. pension to I· the said eulogies. Ann E. Ch a pman~ which was read twice by its title, and referred BERING SEA AWARD. to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. SHERMAN. I introduce a bill and ask the unanimous Mr. KYLE introduced a bill (S. 1934) defining ths rights and consent of the Sanat9 to put it upon its passage. It is to correct· privileges of mixed-blood. Indians undet the trAatie8 and statutes a palpable error in the act recently pass d prescribing the Ber of the United St:tt ~ s : which w ~ts re td twice by its title, andre ing Sea regulations. I do not know where the error occurred, ferred to the Committee on [ndian Affairs. but the bill as it passed the two Houses of Con!5ress substitut ~ d Mr. PR CTOR introduced a bill (8. 1935) granting a pension the word "exclu i ve" for ''inclusive," -.vhich makes a very ma to Elizabeth Ellery; which was read twice by its title, and re terial change in the aw.. wd, and I think it ought to be at once ferred to the Committee on Pensions. corrected. Th'::lra can ba no doubt ab:)ut the error. I mys3lf Mr. BUTLER. At the request of the Senator from Alabama went to theo:fice of the Secretary of State and saw there the error [Mr. MORGAN], chairman of the Committee on Foreign Rela carried into the em·olled bill signed. by the P resident of the tions, I introdJce a joint resolution and ask that it be referred United. States, and it h:l.d already been the subject of corre3pond to the Committee on Printing. ence between our State Department and the English minister. The joint ce~olution (S. R. 6) to print the proceedings of the !therefore ask le'1vetointroduce a bill and h!l.Ve it read at length, Tribunal of Arbikatio:ri at Paris, held in conformity with the and, if there is no objection, I should like to have it passed. treaty of February 29, 1 !).2, between the United States and Great Mr. HARR(S. The act as it was passed m1.lre3 the measure Britain, was 1•ead by its title and referred to the Committee on Printing. mean the very revers.e of what it Wd.S intended tomean1 I under stand. AMENDMENT TO SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. BUTLER. And this bill is to correct it. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon submitted an amendment intended Mr. HA.RR[S. So I un.:lershnd. to be proposed by him to the sundry civil appropriation bill; Mr. SHER~AN. The bill I introduce is a :mete correction of which was r eferred to the CommitLe on Appropriations, and the error. ordered to be printed. Mr. HOAR. Let us know what 'is the mistake and what is the REPEAL OF S1.,ATE-BANK TAX. plan proposed for correction. . . MI'. GORDON. I submit a resolution which I consider of Mr. SHERMAN. I introduce the bill and ask that it be read great moment at this time, and I beg leave to read it from my at leng-th. desk: The bill (8.1928) to amend section l of an act approved April R~Bolved, That the Committee on Finance ba instructed to retlort at the 6, 189-!, entitled "An act to give effect to the award rendered eat·llest day pra.cticabla, with such provisions as s:~.id committee may ap by the Tribunal of Arbitration, at Paris, under the treaty be prove. a bill to repeal the la.w a.nd all amendments thet·eto imposing a tax upon the issues of ::)~ate banks. twe~n the United. States and Great Brit.1in, concluded at Wash ington, February 2J, 1892, for the purpose of submitting to arbi Mr. President, I am deeply impressed as to the advisability of tration c3rtain questions concerning the preservation of the fur such action at this time. Oi course, I shall not now discuss the seals'' was reR.d the first time by its title and the second time at resolution or the subject to which it relates: but I ask the Sen length, as follows: ate to allow me a few moments only, to read the few suggestions which I hold in my hand and which I wish to send with the res Be it en.acled, etc., Tha.t section 1 of the act entitled "An act to give efrect to the award rendered by the Triounal of Arbitration, at Paris, under the trea.ty olution to the committes and the country. The serious condi between the United States and Grea.~ Britain., concluded at Was.llington, tion of busines~ interests, as well as the thren.taned disturbances February 2J, 18J~. for the purpose of submitting to arbiliration certainques in the country, would seem to justify careful consideration o1 . tions ·co nee ·ning the preservation or the fur st3als," approved April 6, 1894, be amended by striking out the word "exclusive,•· where it occurs in said any proposition which mig-ht prove helpful. section 1, and inserting the word" inclusive." so tha.t said. se;}tioll willre:~.d: The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request of "That no citi.z3n of the Gaited St:~.t~n. or p'3rson ..)Wlng the duty or obeli the Senator from Ge::>egia.'? Tbe Chair hears none, and the Sen ence to the law,;; or the treaties of the Uuite1 States, nor any person belong in"' to or 0:1 boa. dora vessel of the Unite1 States, shall kill, capture, O!" pur ator from Georgia will proceed. aue, at any time. or in auy m'l.nner Whatever, outside of t~rritoria.l Waters, Mr. GORDON. The suggestions ar-e as follows: any fur seal in the w .:~oters surrounding the Pribil:>f Islands within a zone of First. The repeal of this tax will do more than any other pos 60 geogr<~.phica. l mil ~s (60 to a degrea of la.titude) around said islands, in clusive of the territorial waters!' sible legislation to bring quiet to the country, to settle the dis turbing financial controversy, and to relieve.this question of the Mr. SHERMAN. I wish to sav that I have before me the somewhat section3l character which it has assumed and which printed bill as it was p'lBsed. It shows that in the preamble, in all thoughtful men must deplore. the recit.1l of the articles of the award of the Tribunal of Arbi Second. Such repe3.l will place upon e::~.ch State which may tration, the w rds "inclusive of the territorial waters " are used. take advantage of it the responsibility of providing a-sound, Then in the body of the bill, in the en
- 1894. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3883
Seventh. Such repeal will be a recognition of the doctrine derstood my position and purpose in this respect, and, as he in which lies at the foundation of our free institutions, namely: formed me, he had so ad vised the publication office of the Post. That the people are capable of self-government; while a refusal Therefore, while I do not complain of this wanton, deliberate, of such repaal is a standing proclamation by Congress of its dis misrepresentation from such a source, I t!Lke this occasion to belief in the honesty and capacity of the people of the Shtes. remind that journal that it is far more honorable to tell the Eighth. Such repeal will enable the States to protect their truth than to circulate falsehoods. own citizens against the concentration of cu~rrency in one locdl SUPPRESSION OF LOTTERY TRAFFIC. · ity or section, either by design or by the ordinary accidents or 1\Ir. HOAR. I ask unsnimous consent that the lottery biU mutations of trade. may now be taken up and put upon its pass~ge. It has boon Ninth. Such repeal will be an honest compliance with one of already read, and I understand there is no further ob~ection to the phln pledges given to the people by the party now intrusted it from any quarter. with pewer. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Massa.chusetts Tenth. Such repeal will in large measure divert from Qon asks unanimous consent for the present consideration of a bill gress to States the growing popular demand for more money, the title of which will be stated. lessen socialistic tendencies in the country by turning popular The SECRETARY., A bill (S. 1620} for the suppression of lot thouaht from the General Government to the respective States tery traffic through national and intel'state commerce and the as th':, sour ces of relief, and thus commit to the States, where postal service subject to the jurisdiction and laws of the United under our system it rightfully belongs, the duty or responsibil States. ity! each for itself, of solving or dealing with thm~e disturbing The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present problems which more and more threaten the peace of commu consideration of the bill? . nities and the permanence of free government. Mr. GORMAN. I ob;ect to the consideration of the bill at I earne tly invoke, sir, the prompt and thoughtful considera this time. tion of this importu:nt subJect by the Finance Committee and hlr. HOAR. I hope the Senator will allow the bill to be con the Senate. sidered. It will only take a minute. It has been read at length, The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be referred to and will not require to be read again. the Committee on Finance, and printed. Mr. GORMAN. I understand there is objection to the bill, REPORT ON NICARAGUA CANAL, and there are some amendments to it which are considered Mr. BUTLER (for Mr. MORGAN} submitted the following res necessary. olution: which was referred to the Committee on Printing: Mr. HOAR. I think the Senator who proposes the amend Ruolved. That there be printed tor the use of the Senate 5,000 a.ddit.ional mentonly desires to have the word "exclusive» inserted whero copies of Senate Report No. 331, relative to the Nicaragua. Canal, together the bill says "subject to the jurisdiction a.nd laws of the United with a topical index of saii report prepared under the direction of the Com States," which, I suppose, means exclusive jurisdiction. I do mittee on Foreign Relations. not hear of any other amendment that any Senator desires RIVER AND HARBOR EXPENDITURES. to offer. I will say to the Senator I do not want any matter of The VICE-PRESIDENT. The morning business is not yet substance a fi ected by an amendment; but I am going awuy this concluded. 'The Chair lays before the Senate the resolution afternoon, to be gone a week, and if the Sen ttor desires any se from the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. ALLEN], coming over' rious amendment I will not press the bill at this time. from a previo-us day. Mr. GORMAN. My attention was called thismorningforthe , The Secretary read the resolution submitted by Mr. ALLEN first time to the provisions of the bill, and I should like to h3.V6 on the l"ith instant, as follows: a day or two longer to consider it. Rfeolved, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, directed Mr. HOAR. Then I withdraw the request, of course. to inform the ::,enate of the amount of appropriations made and expended by the Government for t-he improvemen~ of rtvers and harbors since the Ist HEARINGS ON PROPOSED LEGISLATION. day ot January. 1865. to the present date, specifying the di.tl'erent rivers and harbors in which improvements have been made and the amounts expended Mr. COCKRELL. I ask the Senat.e to hke up and consider therefor, respec~ively. for a short time the resolution submitte:.l by the Senator from Mr. ALLEN. I wish to modify the resolution by inserting Kansas [Mr. PEFFER], which was under discussion yesterday, '' the 3rd day of March, 1887," instead of the time named in the and went to the table. resolution, the information having been furnished to the date I The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the requesi now n ..tme. of the Senator from Missouri? The Chair hears none, and the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be so modified. resolution_is before the Senate, and will bz read. The question is on agreeing to the resolution as modified. The Secretary read the resolution submitted by Mr. Pl!:F The resolution as modified was agreed to. FER on the 14th instant, as follows: Whereas there exists in many places and on the part ot large numbers of Mr. DOLPH. Lest I should not be here when the information citizens, individually and in organiZed bodies, a fuposition to visit the city is sent in, I suggest that when the report is made upon the reso of Washington for the purpose or personally presenting to Congress their lution it ought to be printed in connection with the reprint of views wtth respect to pendmg and prospective measures ot)egislation; and the information we already have on that subject, as I think the Whereas many of s.u .h persons and bojies are reported to be uovr on their way hither, with others likely to follow, for the purposes aforesaid: document in which that information is contained is pretty much Therefore, to the end that t-hese our petitioners shall have full and respect exhausted. ful hearing and that proce3dings attending their communication with the Senate shall be orderly and not. subjected to interruption by t..he transac PERSONAL EXPLANATION. tion of other public business, Mr. McPHERSON. Mr. President, I rise to a question of Be it resolved, That a select committee of nine members or the Senate be personal pdvilege. I read as follows from the New York Even appointed by the Vice-President, to be known as the Committee on Commu nication. whose duty it shall be to re~eive all written or printed communi~ ing Post of April14: cation . from citizens or bodies of citizens visiting the Capitol or intending It wouhl be a great public service, as well as a first-rate stroke of good to ma.ke such visit, for the pJrposes mentioned in the pre::Lmble hereto, and J1b litics, it all Democratic bodies and organizations in the land were toimi· to receive all petitions, memorial5, and remonstrances of such persons and tate the example set by the Minnesota Democratic committee, a.n:i send a bodies and hear them orally in relation to the matters and things about; public ap;>eal to the Democratic majority in the Senate to either carry out which they desire to communicate with the Senate. The committee shaJ.l the pa.r~y pledges and p ~ss the taritf bill or get out of the party. h. very· report fully to the Senate from time to time as other committees report. body knows that when the Minnesota Democrats put the responsibilitv for 'rhe Sergeant-at-Arms will set aside a convenient room in the Capitol or delay upon the following Senators they put it; where it oelonged: · other building belonging to the Government. for the use of said committee, and furnish the same with the necessary articles for the convenient dispatch Then follows a. list of those who are said to be responsible for of business. the delay, among whom I am included. I do not read the list: These men are doing their utmost to ruin their party by holdin~ it in the Mr. COCKRELL. I yield the floor to the Senator from Con· way of the progress of the country and demonstrating its incompetency for necticut (Mr. HAWLEY]. public aflairs. Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President, I prefer that a representa- I am not in the habit of spending much time in noticing (from tive of the dominant party should make some observations upon my place in the Senate) newsp;1.per attacks upon me, coming this matter, but the Senator from Missouri yields to me. from whate-ver source they may. But this article deserv·es a I am sure that the remarkable spaech of the Senator from passing notice, for it seems to point to the source of the false re- Nebraska rMr. ALLEN] ou!5ht not to go forth to the country as ports that have traveled to Minnesota and elsewhere in respact in any degree represen.tative of the views of the Senate, and it to my attitude upon the pending bill. ough¬ to pass without some conservative comment and dis- I had supp0sed that every Senator upon this floor, every citi- sent. I confess it p·dned and surprised me vary much. I think zen of mv St Lt9, and the representative of every newspaper in that there is not a Senator, that t here is not a sensible citiz.en the Senate gallery knew full well since the hour this bill was in the United States who does not profoundly symp:.tthize with . reported to the Senate, that as long as the bill remained an im- the tens and hund ~ ·eds of tnousJ.nds and I may say millions of provement upon the McKinley law in the direction of lower people suffering in the present extraordinary financial and busi cust<>ms duties, it would receive my vote. . . ness crisis. With expressions of impatience or resentment, The correspondent of the Post in the Senate gallery earl;sr un- I every kind and thoughtful man will be very patient indeed, nor
I ·I 3884 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APniL 20, does any man in the world think of restraining or overruling which I care t<> dllicuss, even if I h ad time before 1 o'clock; in the right of' the people, in the language of the Constitution, to deed, I do not know that I care to speak longer now. 1 have, "peacea.bly assemble and petition for a redress of grievances." perhaps, given my sufficient protest. But there have been circumstances arising in the last month The men who are coming here do not represent the great. voice or two that do not come precisely within that category. All the of the American people. As to their complaining of the present world is informed .from day to day that bodies of m en are assem situation so far as it is due to the political action of Congress, or bling, as if by concert, in widely separated sections of the country so far as it is due to the generally disturbed fina ncial condition of and marching toward the capital of the United States with the the world, I have little to s:ty; but they do not represent the purpose of assembling here on or about the 1st of May. to Ame rican people in the manner or avowed purpose of their com make some sort of political demonstration, by gathering, as they ing. They come here to make an impression upon Congress by threaten, in front of the Capitol building in a multitude, to be mere physical presence. We read in old romances of the op a'ddressed by their orators; and demanding also that they shall, prassed subject who struggled to get in the way of his ruler and by their representatives, march bodily into this Chamber to be thrust himself prostrate in the dust under the feet of the horse heard. I need not say that that is an e xtraordinary course of which bore the emperor, that he might nrefer his humble peti proceeding which is without precedent in the United St.ates any tion. No American citizen prefers a petition in that way. where, unless it be found in the colonial days in New Hamp I am sorry to say it, but I feel bound to say it, that the speech shire, when a body of men took possession of the Legislature; of the Senator from Nebraska was one that would have b3en re or, to go farther back, when the Gauls marched into the Roman ceived with tumultuous applause in a meeting of anarchists. It senate and shook the venera ble beards of the senators. had in it, not requiring a microscope, but visible to the naked The right of the people to assemble, the right, if you choose, eye, the bacteria and bacilli of anarchy. however mis.; udged the movement may be, to come here and as Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President-- semble, I am not questioning; but I wish simply to suggest re The VICE-PRESIDENT. The hour of 1 o'clock having ar spectfully that the Senate of the United States owes something rived, the Chair lays before the Senate the unfinished business. to its own traditions and dignity-the House of .Repr esentatives will take care of itself-and that what we say or do in this mat MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. ter, in this Chamber, in this first precedent, which may possibly A message from the Rouse of Representatives, by Mr. T. 0. befollowed,should be done thoughtfully and carefully. It is quite TOWLES, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had agreed possible to manage this business gently and firmly and have it to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 597tl) to au pass away, and it is quite possible to so manage it that it may thorize the construction of a steel bridge over the St. Louis become a habit to make pilgrimages annually to Washington and River, between the States of Wisconsin and Minnesota. endeavor to dominate Congress by the physical presence of t h e The message also announced that the House had passed a bill people. (H. R. 6055) to authorize the construction of a bridge over the The men coming het·e say they are'' the people," and the Sena Monongahela Ri>er in the city of Pittsburg; in which it re tor from Nebraska speaks oi them as" the people." He says quested the concurr ence of the Senate. the people want this: the people want to do that; the people ENROLLED BrLL SIGNED. have a right to come here, and have a right to fill the galleries, The messag·e further announced that the Speaker of t he House and all tha t. They may have, and they may not, sir. We have 1 had signed the enrolled bill (H . R. 5276 1 to authorize Commander more authoritative advice and imparative commands from the F. W. Dickins, of the United St:ttes Navy, to accept the decora people of the United States than 1\ir. Coxey can possibly bring. tion of the cross of naval merit of the third class from the King We h :we h ad our advice given us for a hundred years in the of Spain; and it was thereupon signed by the Vice-President. Constitution, in the statutes of the States, in the laws of the ' District of Columbia, and in the traditions and rules of the Sen THE REVENUE BILL. ate. The will of the people is here carefully sifted out by a The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con most comnlex and universal system of selection, by the votes of sideration of the bill (H. R. 4~61) to ll'educe taxation, to provide the people, by the action of their representatives, by the action revenue for the Government, and for other purposes. of men who from personal interests, as well as motives of pa Mr. QITAY. It was the unanimous sense of the Senate that I triotism, are e xtremely desirous to do just what the people should yield the floor to-day to the Senatol'f:rom New Hampshire think ought to be done. [Mr. GALLINGER]. At the conclusion of his remarks the Sena Now, ·sir, it is a matter of commonsense, and not" infamous," tor from Michigan [Mr. McMILLAN] will address the Senate. as the Senator from Nebraska said, thn.t the behavior of multi Those Senators will prob!l.bly occupy the afternoon. tudes around this Capitol and these squares here should be care Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, the anomaly is presented fully regulated by law and rules, and that a sufficient body of to the Senate of a bill that we are asked to enact into law which policemen, and in the case of riot a body of the military, should be nobody thus far has ventured to unqualifiedly indorse or approve: here, to the end that the Constitution and the laws and the with the exception of the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. Mc rules of the Senate and the general laws of the District shall be LAURIN] and the junior Senator from Indiana [Mr. TURPIE]. obeyed on every inch of ground and in every second of time. Even its distinguished author in the other House [Mr. WILSON] And if there be any patriotism in the misguided company of men felt called upon to enter an apology for the measure in these near here, or the others who are coming, there are men in this words: Senate who could address them and satisfy them, I am sure, if The bill on which the committee has expanded much patient and anxious labor is not offered as a. complete response to the mandate of the American they are Americans and have any respect for their country. people. It no more professes to be purged· of all protection than to be free I was pained to hear the Senator from Nebraska refer to the of all error in its complex and manifold do tails. However we may deny the organized militia in this district in the style and manner he did. existence of a.ny legislative pledge, or of the right of any Congress to make such a pledge, for the continuance of duties that carry with them more or It JS a credit to the Government, sir. It was thought wise by less acknowledged protection, we must recognize that great interests do the best men that, instead of being obliged tocallforaregiment exist whose existence a.nd prosperity it is no part of our reform either to of regulars, there should be, after the analogy of our States, a imperil or curtail. bodv of the people themselves, practically a posse comitatus, From the moment that remarkable utterance was made to the ready here at the command of the civil arm to maintain order. present time few genuine or whole-hearted words have been Such a body has been organized. spoken in behalf of this bill. P'or a time it seemed to beaver The Sena tor speaks of "a man named Ordway." I have the .it1.ble Pariah. homeless and friendless. First, the Senator from g-:-eat. 71eas•1re of being able to personally testify-for he was New Jersey [Mr. McPHERSON], when the bill was reported to ulidei m.v nu.rr...&.n.d f~r a time and I knew him during the war-to the Senate, with a protectionist pathos in his voice, promptly the gallantry, to the courage, to the common sense, and high per declared his opposition to some of its features. Then the Sena son I character of Gen. Ordway. He is brigadier general of the tor from Indiana [M_r. VOORHEES], chairman of the Committee militia h ere. It is quite ridiculous, to use no stronger term in on Finance, varied his declamatory and d enunciatory speech by characterizing it as a slander or abuse, to represent him as saying, "Faults and imperfections can, of course, be alleged and mobilizing the militia with a view to beating anybody over the pointed out, concessions are apparent which have been unwill head with the butt end of a musket or thl·usting a bayonet into ingly made, and only when found necessary to secure its pas him for coming into this District. sage." I venture to say, judging by the Senator's speech, that Gen. Think, Mr. President, or the chosen leader of the Democratic Ordway has more carefully studied than has the Senator the side of this Chamber openly and unblushingly proclaiming the proper function of the armed force of the Government in com imperfections of the measure, and shamelessly admitting that it plete subordination to the civil power. Not one command will was framed, not on the principles of exact justice and fair play, be given, not one step will be taken under him-and I might say but rather for the purpos9 of securing votes enough to pass it the same of the tens of thousands of militia officers in the coun through the Senate! What greater condemn'ltion of the bill try-except at the command of the civil power. can any Republican imagine than that, and how inconceivable The Senator proceeded to make other observ~tions, not all of it is that such a dishonoring bargain should have beon made. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3885
Following the Senator from Indiana came the Senator from interests of the North and the degradation of American work.: Texas [Mr. MILLS], himself the autlior of a famous tariff meas ingmen, it better deserves the title of "An act to protect trusts, ure, and he bluntly and frankly declared that" the bill does .not to recoup the South at the expense of the North, and to build up suit me. I am between the devil and the deep sea." And then American importers and foreign manufacturers on the ruins of the Senator from New York [Mr. HILL] and the Senator from American industry and American labor." NewJersey[Mr. SMITH]entered the arena, withspearandjavelin As I said heretofore l now repeat that tho bill is sectional in in hand, and gave the measure what it is hoped may prove to be the extreme, hostile to the best interests of the country, and its coup de gruce, by denouncing it vigorously, and serving notice partial only to the products of the South and the great interests on their party associat-es that unless it is materially modified tb ey from which the Democratic party never fails to draw inspira must look elsewhere for votes to pass it. Indeed, Mr. President, tion, money, and votes at election time. It might well be de· if this thing continues the bill will be disowned on all hands, nominated a measure designed to halt the prosperity of the and oue Democratic friends will be adopting the language of the North, and wither and destroy the results of the industry Betsy Pdg to Sa.ry Gamp, and saying, ''I don't believe there is and thrift of the American people. It is a bad bill; bad in con no sich a pet'son." struction, bad in purpose, and bad in its assaults upon the on This, then, is the kind of a bill we are now considering, and ward march of the industrial energy and prosperity or this whie:h tho tyranny of the party lash and the power of Executive mighty Republic. It is not a wise economic measure, and I won patronage are expected to force through Congress. Can it ba der that sane men could have given it their approval. Surely done? Cerkdn it is that to-day the measure is sadly in need of such a bill can not be enacted into law; surely such a scheme of defenders. and is presenting anything but a healthy and vigor spoliation and wrong must fall before the aroused indignation ous appearance. How aptly it is described in the following and protests of the mighty North. verse: The bill has been truthfully characterized by a Democratic Haning on crutches of unequa.l size, n ewspaper as being neither fish, flesh, fowl, nor good red her- One leg by truth support.fld, one by lies; · It h h S ' f ,..1 h tt [M Thus sidle to the goal with awkward pace, ring. preac es, as t e enawr rom n assac use s r. Secure of nothing but to lose the race. LODGE] has truthfully said, the gospel of despair. It is a mon- As I look on the bruised face and battered form ol the Wilson grel and bastard production, which ought to be repudiated and bill I am strongly reminded of the farewell words of the country disowned by those who bt>ought it into being. If en::wted minister as he pathetically took leave of his congregat ion: into law I which God forbid ) i.t will light the fires in Belgian, Brothers and sisters: I come to say good-bye. I don't believe God lo•es French, German, and British worksllops, and extinguish them this church. because none or you ever die. I don't think you love each in American mills and A merior.n factories. It will send joy and other, because I never marry any or you. I don't think you love me, teea use gladness to the hearts of the farm~rs of OJ. nada. and A ustralia, you have r.ot paid my salary. Your donations are moldy fruit and wormy d dd t th h d h · d t 1 f th A · i apples. and "by their fruits ye shall know tht~m . " Brothers, I am going an a 0 e ar s lps an 8 rugg es 0 e mer1c ~n ugr - away to a teaer place. I have been called to be chaplain of a penitentiary. culturist. It will rejoice the heart of the American importer of Where I go ye can not now come, but I go to prepare a place for you, and foreign products, and crush the hopes !and aspirations of the may the Lorn have mercy on your souls. Good-bye. American m:Inuhcturor. [Laughter.] It will rob the workine-man of his chance in life, redt:ca his A nd so the Senators from New Jersey,Indiana, Texas, and New wage, and ta.ke from his home the comforts he has enjoyed. It York might well turn their backs on this wretched and des true- wHl destroy utterly the prosperity or our manufacturing com tive moas~re, and changing somewhat the words or the good munities, and cast a pall upon the homes and the hearts of mil mjnbtel', say: lions of workingmen and workingwomen. What true Amerio9.n Wilwn bill, we come to say good-bye. We don·t think Gcd loves you. for can contemplate with satisfaction such legislation as that? The vou have already brought untold tlisaster and wretchedness to t he country. echoes of po mlar discontent and popular disapproval of the bill 'we know men do not love you, for, since you have appeared on earth, they 1 ha.Ye risen in their might in Ohio, Iowa, New York, Massachusetts. New have come from almost every precinct where the peopl e'::~ voice Jersey, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Illinois, Rhode Island, has found expression through the ballot box, and what bas al- a.nd elsewhere, and denounced you as a menace to their interests and an d h d · b t h t th t th t ·n · · t bl cnemyt:>theirprosp.,rity. Yom·dona.tionsareenforcedidleness,want,&nd rea Y appene 19 ;I azep yr o es orm n, Wl meviu!.t Y t;orrow-moldy fruit and wormy apples or discord and misery-and" by their )Ve.rt.ake the Democratic party next November. fruits :re shall know them." We are going away from you forever, for we A WARNING TO THE SOUTH. . would llke w save Te~as ancl Mississippi from the political ruin you have As I IJOinted out in my former remarks, and as the Sonn.tor brought upon us. We are going to a better place than we find in your com- panion, hip. Where we go you can not come, for we go to labor !or the in- irom Maine [Mr. HALEl so ably elaborated in his speech of tho du~ tria l interests and welfare or the American people. Good-bye! lOth instant, almost every product and industry of New .:i:n~·bnc.1 Such a declaration as that would be manly and honorable. It is singled out for destruction in this bill. \Vhat excuse c~m be would insure the defeat of the measure, and would send a thrill urged for this wretched assault upon a people who have don:! so of ~ oy to the hearts and homes of the industrial masses of the much to build up the industrial interests of this country';! New country. It would light the fires and start the looms in mill, England has invested millions of capital in the South up0n the f3ctory, and workshop. It would solve the problem of the un- assurance that the old order of things had passed r.w:ty , an1 employed, and again give work and wages to the multitude of that a new South had risen on the ruins of the old. Most of the men and women now vainly crying for employment and suste- New England money that has been thus invested is lost foreve!·, nance. But this is too much to expect oftheDemocratic party. and now those who profited by it propose to strike down out· .All through its history, under the guidance of the South, it has manufacturing establishments by hostile legislation. This is degraded and oppressed labor, and the Wilson bill is a natural the answer the South sends to us: this the gratitude and tho re and in ov itab~e sequence of its teachings and its theories. turn. In all Republican tariffs the products of the South hnse On the 16th day of January, while the bill was pending in the been protected-sugar, rice, fruits, coal, iron, and every other House of Representatives, I addressed the Senate on the tariff industry that tendeu to the welfare and progress of her people. question, criticising the provisions of the measure, calling· at- But we are to be destroyed, not protected. Our woolen manu tention to the iniquities of the income-tax proposition, andes- factures, cotton manufactures, p:1per manufactures, cutlery, pecially dwelling upon the effects of the bill upon the industries granite, agricultural products-all are to be sacrificed on the and labor interests of the New England States. Since then the altar of Southern prejudice and free-trade theories. Let me me:1sure has passed the House, has gone through the crucible of warn the South against this policy. The people are awake to the Senate Committee on Finance, and is now on the Calendar this contest. They are watching with breathless inter0stcvery substantially in the form in which it is proposed by the major- move on the political chessboard. They propose in due time to ity to pass it. In common with this side of the Chamber, and take a hand in its settlement. What answer wiil the South ex in deferance to the wishes of the great industrial North, I had pect from us when we return to power in 1896? She should not hoped that the Senate committee would eliminate from thP- bill forget, in this her. moment of triumph, that there may be re its most ob~ectionable features, and report it back in a forJil prisals when our day of victory comes. If our agricultural · which, while raising sufficient revenue for the support of tlie products are to be destroyed in the interest of Canada, why not Government would also throw the regis of adequate protection her sugar and rice in the interest of Cuba and other tropical around the great industries of agriculture and manufacturing, countries? If our gr-anite is to be sacrificed in the interest of thus securL1.g the workingman a chance for employment at re- New Brunswick and Scotland, why not her marble in the in 'rn un 3rative wages. Instead of that the bill comes tousin worse tcrest of Italy? The lesson is worth pondering, and I commend shape than i.t went to the committee. it to the careful consideration of Southern Senators. It was then b:td, it is now diabolical; it was then framed in the Indeed, Mr. President, the South may sooner than she is c:ll- · interests or the South, it is now intensified and emphasized in culating be a suppliant for the protection of her great staple, e\·ery bad feature it possessed. So far as I can discover i t is the crop that above all others is of value to her people. Not ''evil, and nothing but evil, and that continually." It professes only are foreign countries competing with ours in the matter of to be '·An act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the finished products, but they are also flooding our markets with GovE>rnment, and for other purposes," but unless the words! the ~o-called rawmaterials. Withourpresentdutieswoolcomes '· othet· purposes" mean the destruction or the manufacturing to us from Australia and the Argentine Republic, coal from Nova 3886 OONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATK APRIL 20,
Seotia, and lumber from Canada. What assurance has the South Look at the reeord. Under existing law the duty -on bacon that her markets for cotton in this .country will not bA in ~aded and hams is 5 -cents per '(:)Ound; broom corn, $8 per ton; cabba.:,cres, in due time by the products of the cotton fields'Of Egypt? In 3 cents each; cider, 5 cents per gallon; eggs, :) cents per dozen; deed alreP.dy large sales of long-staple Egyptian ·cotton have been lard, 2cents per pound; milk, 5 c ants per {.!'allon; green peas, 4.0 mado to Americ m manufacturers, one s:.de bein!; of 400 bales, of cents per bushel; straw, 30 per cent ad valorem~ t:tllmv, 1 cent an aver.igc weight of 7eO pounds per bale. On thispurcha.se the per pound, and wool grease, t cent per pound. 4-11 these are to American m~nu f a.ctur·er is said to have saved it cents per pound, go on the free list. Reducing s pecific to ad valorem duties,-the or $6,::100.50 on the entire lot. In this bill the South is amply reductions made on live stock and products of the farm not put protected on evcr.vthing that she produces which needs protec on tlie free list a.re as follows; Horses, from 3J to 20 'Per cent; tion. To-day she does not need protection on her cotton, but cattle, from 50 to 20; o:tts, from 40 to 20; ba+~y, from ti5 to 30; the indications are that the time is not far distant when such butter, from 33 to 20; cheese, from 42 to 25; ben.n3, from 40 to protection will be needed. Let her take pause in h er senseless 20· hay, from 43 to 20; onions, from 50 to 20: pot-l.toes, from 52 raid .on the mu;:lU[actures and the products ot the North, lest to 30; other vegets.bles, from 25 to 10; apples, from 31 to 20; live when that ti.me comes she will cry in vain for No.rthern sym poultry,from 32 to 20; dressed poultry, from 54 to20, and starch, pathy .and ~orthern help. from 8! to 30. TII:lll nmUSTRI:ES OF 'NEW ENGLA::ll'D. This means disaster to the agricultural interests of Northern And just hera let me briefly state the effects of this legislation New HD.m.pshire. Coos County, which bordors on Canada, de upon the industries of New England. The Senator from Maine pends upon agriculture and lumberfoT its prosperity, and ofbte [~:lr. HALEj, in his most admirable speech, went fully over this years has heen ma.king r apid progress. Wh'tt will h ::~.ppe n to it ground; but it will bear repetition. especially in its relation to ii the Wilson bill becomes a law is so well told bv Hon. Chester my 'Own Sts.te. Not only does the bill violently assail the woolen B. Jordan, one of its most prominent citizens, that I will q uote end cotton manufacturing schedules of the McKinley law, upon his words: which our pro3perity largely depends, but it attacks almost There is no question as to the effect of the Wilson blll tn Coos. It gets in every interest and industry, however small, of our people. its deadly w ork all o-ver the county. There is not another county in the land where the chanzes in the tarur schedules ~ect so great a. proportion of the WOOD AND lf.ANUFACTURES OF WOOD. poople. The wood schedule, in which the people of New Hampshire Here is our situation: We have tw"O great interests, lumber a.nd a.gr1cul at·o grea.tly interested, ha.s been radically changed. Lumber, tm·e. Lumb ~r. of couxs~. is the great 1I:terest. and ha.s been for thirty years. In respect to agriculture we ha;e s01newhat pecular conditions. Our soil i!l h-ewn and sawed, which now pays a duty of 10 per cent; squared of especial richness for r l\i.sing ]>Ota.toes. oats, and a. grass crop. Horace lumber, which p3.ysadutyof one-ha.lf centpercubic f:oot; boards, Greeley wrot e up Coos a gl'eat many years ago, and told what lt. was good planks, and deals, which p ay from $1 to 1.50 per thousand feet; :ror. According to him. 1t wa.s good 1'or raising potatoes and oats. Now, t his condition of soil is peculiar, -almost unique. It is found in only hubs and blocks, which pay 20 per cent; laths, which pay 15 per :two other localities in the United States-Nort.hernNewYork and Northern cent; shingles, which pay 10 per cent; and sawed timber, which Maine. The same soil conditions prevail in Canada.. just across the lino from pays 10 per cent, are all transferred to the free list, and a heavy us, where they can r.a.ise just as good potatoes, just as good hay, and just as good oats a.s we can-and just as ma.ny of them, too, for t hey are just as cut is m ade on many other items. bright as we a.re, a.nd their la.borcosts them only about hal! what our labor This means the practical transfer of the lumber business from costs us. New Hampshire and ~faine to Canada. There will be no -escape Therefore, we ha.ve not only to compete against the Canadian natural ad v antages, which are the ~arne as ours, but have also to meet a.n economic from it ii this scheduleol the bill is enacted into law. And what condition of low wages which we have not. Theprotectivetaritr duties bave is the excuse for it? Thus far no one has ventured to say. thus far stood b-etween the Coos farmer a.nd the Ca.n:~.dian fa.rmer·s un qual Every dollaT·s worth of Canadian lumber coming intothe United advantages. The WJ..Lson bill will, in a.la.rge measm·e, remove that defensa States is a blow to the inteTests of American laboring-men. That is the situ ~ tion which oo.nfronts the men who are tilling Every dollar's worth of labor which comes into our markets in the soil in New Hampshire to day, and it is scarcely to be won the way of manufactured lumber displaces a doilar~s worth of la dered at that most of them are voting the Republican ticket thi3 bor which otherwise would h a ve been employed and paid Ior in year. this country. wooL:E"K Goons. The importations of Canadian iumber into the United States Under the existing law the manufacturers of woolen goode for the fiscal year 1893 nave been stated in round numbers as have an average protection of 98.53 per cent, and it is proposed 520,000,00{:) feet, board measure. Now to manufacture 1,000,000 to reduce it to 35.09 par cent. With the high rate of duty now feet of lumber requires an equivalent of the labor of 1,500 op existing woolen goods were imported into the United States fo1• eratives for one day, or the labor of one operative for 1,500-days. the fiscal year ending June ;)(), 1893, to the value of $36,993,409.16, It will thus be seen that during the past·fiscal year we imported on which dutieswerecollectedamountingto$3ti1 448,ti67.46. The into the United States in the shape of Canadian lumber 780,000 lowering- ol the duties almost two-thirds means a deluge of for days' work, and thus prevented the employmen1i in our own eign goods into our markets, whi.ch will result inevitably in country of just that much labor. crippling American industries and greatly reducing Americ::tn It is an incoTrect notion that the importation of lumber in the labor. Our people find it difficult to compete with the almos1 shape of am tnufactured article simply results in lowering t he pauper labor-of Saxony under existing conditions, and when the wages now paid for similar labor in this country. The effect is duty is reduced .from 9S to 35 per cent the men and women work not m erely to reduce the wages now paid, but to displace as ing in hosiery mills in this country will be brought to a practi many da.ys' labor as has been expended upon the imported ar ·cal realization ol what foreign competition means in the matter ticle. of wages. The prospect is an appalling one from whateverpoint It must be clear to any person who stops to reason it out, that of view it is regarded. if the 520,000,000 feet of Canadian lumbar imported in 1893 had Mr. President, the most casual examination of the estimates been manufactured in the United States, there would have been oi the reductions in the revenue which the Wilson bill makes an increased employment of labor here. In other words, if the shows where the heaviest blow to manufacturing will fall. 520,0DO,Oli0 feet of lumber h!lll not been imported, American In his speech opening t he tariff debate the Senator from In manufactur~rs would have b3en compelled to supply the defi- diana [Mr. VOORHEES] submitted a table of estimates, in accord ciency by lumber m 'l.de by American labor. . ance with which it appears that the Wilson bill is expected to Under the present bill there will inevitably be a greatly in reduce revenues to the extent of a total of $76,670,000 annually. creased import1tion, which will deprive thousands of American Of this sum the rather astonishing amount of $26,500,000 is set workingmen of the chance to labor, and will necessarily lower off agamst the duties on woolen manufactur es alone, more than the wages of those who find employment. Wbat wretched busi one-third of the entire reduction. ness thi.s is, legislating for a foreign country and against the in According to the plan of the Wilson bill, the manufacturers of terests of our own people. It seems utterly idiotic. wool are to be put under a contribution equal to that which is .AGRIOULTun.A.L AND FOOD PRODUCTS. r equired from all articles tra nsferred to the free list, together The bill under consideration plays havoc with the interests of with all metals and manufactures of metals. New England farmers, and promisas to wipe out forever the men So the woolen m :mufacturers may as well prepare to either· who are struggling to sustain themselves on the rocky farms of shut down entirely or continue business by pa.ying their opera New Hampshire. Underthe presentlawourfarmersarereason tives wages at starvation 1·ates. How this t hing will inev ably prosperous, finding a market for their surplus products in itably work is strikingly illustr.a..ted. by a page of re ce n ~ American the manufacturing cities and villages of the State. They are history, to which Con ~ ressman RUSSELL ol Connectwut called broughtnecessarilyintocompetition with the farmers of Canada, attention in .a speech in the other br anch of Congress. In brief where labor is cheaper and the soil more easily tilled. Notwith i:t, is this: standing the high duties on hay, apples, potatoes, .egg-s, etc., Nottingham, in England, was long 'famed for its manufacture considerable importations were made from ·Canad-a during the of hosiery. Its products of hosiery thirty years ~go were sold past year, and now it iB proposed to put many of our leading farm the world over. F.or some yea.rs the industry was intrenehed products on the free list, and to reduce materially the duties on in that-City, and t.here were no similar manufactures of fine wool others. hosiery in other countries. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3887·
Nottinghamh?dapeculiaradvantage in the holding of patents wool pUllers have exported their wool pelts. Yet the stock of wo-:>1 on hand . j on January 1 shows an increase of over.. 40,000.000 pounds. It is within the on knitting machinery. In course of time, however, the patents tr-uth to say two-thirds of all the machinery is silent or running on expired, an:i the German m~nufacturers acquired the machinery, reduced time. The very mills in Massachusetts that were last year adver educated labor to run it, and secured work at abo4t one-third of tising extra pay for oper atives willing to work all night are now either shut down or running on short time with a reduced s ca.~ e o.f wages. the wages paid in Nottingham. The Nottingham workers re It is idle to ascribe a. change like this to any silver legislation. The change fused to accept the lower wages of the Germans, and the decline is due to the fear of t.he bre,uing down o r tne inJ.ru;try by an unprotective of Nottinrrham ho,iery manufacture was rapid, so rapid indeed tar1:ll', a fear that has been justitied by the W"ilson bill. The· hollow promise of the "markets of the world" has been exploded by that a do~en years ago in free-trade England, in the home of its expPrience. 'l'he only promise of hope pre.:>ented to the industry by the former citadel, Germ3Jn hosiery took the market and Notting framers of the Wil:sou tariff was that by cheaper raw material American ham knitters took to coal-mining. m anufacturers woUld be able to compete in foreign markets. . Now, the fact is that wool is very nearly on a free trade basis to-day, and German hosiery likewise took possession of the Americs.n has been for months. Some grades are quite on that basis. Wages have market, t3.king it from the Ena-lish manufacturer through the been cut down in almost every woolen mill in the country, yet in eleven cheauer wages of the German "'workman. Tte English manu months the increase brought aoout in exports of woolens !Jy the cheap raw material that was to accomplish everything is but a trifle over $20'J.OUO. factu-rer saw his business de~ troyed, and in his despair turned The threat of the Wilson tariff has cost tb.e industry millions. It has al to the protective policy of the United States for relief, and he ready discounted most of the effect on prices. 'l'he '· marlmts of the world" got it. have increa.~d our exports f"200,000 by the shipment of a. job lot of carpets to England and a few pankrupt stocks of clothjng to Canada. Nine years ago one English concern which, prior to German Was ever g littering delusion more pitiably rent asunder by historical int:!rvention , from its factory in Nottingham h g_d annually sold faC[S? - in the United Shtes 200,000 dozen of fine wool hosiery, and re \ hen the people of the United States agree with Mr. WILSON to adopt the scale of living that permits the sweat shops of London and Berlin we hall ceived for the employment of English capital and labor about be able to compete with the products or the labor of those establishments $1,200,000 of United St3.tes money. moved. its business to this not before. country and establisned itself in Rhode Island. CO:l:TON MANUFAOTliRES. This was an actual importation of a new industry into this I might speak at leng·h of the hostile n ature of this bill to country under the stimulus of a protective tariff-an industry the great eotton manulacturing industry of New England, but driven out of free-trade England by the competition of foreign what I have said as to woolen manufactures applies in a modified cheap labor. The British manufacturers who migrated from form to this industry. Under existing laws the averag-e rate of Nottingham spent $50,000 m simply acquiring the necessary duties on the manufactures of cotton is figured to be 55.25 per skilled workmen to handle the delicately adjusted machinery cent, and it is proposed to reduce it to an average of 38.45 per which produces the finest grade of hosiery. cent. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, the importations In this hosiery factory_, started in Rhode Island nine years of cotton manufactures aggregated $20,"510,438.98, on which du ago, the first or its character in this country, there have been ties were paid amounting to $11,333,005.23. The proposition is employed 500 people, and around the factory has sprung up a to reduce the· duties about one-third. That done and there will thriving village of 1,500 inhabitants. sc::trcely be ships ,enough in England to bring the goods to this This concern when in Nottingham sold; as above stated, some country, and then will come the terrible struggle on the part of 200 ,LOO dozen of hosiery in this country. Since its removal to American manufacturers to compete with their foreign rivals. Rhode Island it increased its sales in the American m arket to Many New England mills will of necessity be .idle, for importa more than ::> OJ, 000 dozen. When inNotting ham it sold its hosiery tions will surely be greatly increased, and the wages of the op in this market to the wholesale trade for $6 a dozen . It sold in eratives will in all cases be largely reduced. I will further dis 1893 the s :1me hosiery for $3.75 a dozen. cuss this ma.tter when the bill is considered by paragraphs. That establishment is not selling woolen hosiery to-day be cause it is shadowed by the blight of the Wilson bill. It has paid CUTLERY. its workmen $2 a day, and though German knitters get less than Under the existing tariff cntlery establishments have sprung half that wage1 the._Rhode Island hosiery factory, under Repub up in different parts of New England, n.nd have been able to lican protection, has held the home market, has reduced the just about compete on equal terms with the cutlery made by price to consumers more than one-third, and has mai~tained the che:~.p labor in Sheffield, England. Ono establishment of this American rate of wages. kind is in New Hampshire, where liberal wages are paid, and a This is a chapter from real industrial history; it is worth tons beautiful and thriving village has sprung up as a result. The of theory. present tariff on cutlery, such as is manufactured in New Hamp N ow, what does the Wilson bill do for this hosiery industry? shire, rang·es from 50 to 95 per cent, and it is proposed to r educe It reduces its protection by about two-thirds, makes what is left the duty to about an average of 35 per cent on the different arti an uncertain quantity, b2cause it is to be levied on an ad va cles manufactured. The importations of table cutlery are now lorem b:1sis, and, in exchange, gives it just what it had in free very large, and under the reduced tariff the American market trade Engbnd, and with which it was driv6n by Germany to wili be deluged with foreign goods, to the utter detriment of shut up shop, namely-free wool. • both the American manufacturers and workine-men in this line Under this bill the hosiery industry is doomed in this country of industry. Some months ago when I asked the Senate to pass unless hundred'3 of thousands of intelligent Americ::~.n working a resolution declaring it inexpedient to make changes in the ex men will accept the pauper and pauperizing wages now paid in isting t1.riff laws, I received an interesting letter from ex-Gov the hosiery mills of Saxony. What utter, unnecessary, cruel ernor Goodell of Antrim, N. H., a cutlery manufacturer, which folly this is, and what say the workingmen to the proposition? reads as follows: The Boston Commercial Bulletin is as reliable a trade paper ANTRIM, N. H., .t!tt(JUSt 19, 1893. as is printed in the United States and is everywhere accepted as DEAR SE!i
will either drive out of business the American manufacturer, or A column cl£: ·- 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3889 that prosperity; if one section is making money, that section rhetorical sentences and declamatory assertions, but after the buys and consumes more of the products of the other sections. echoes of the eloquence have died away the judge and the jury If manufacturing States can afford to pay high Wbges to their usually find the law and render a verdjct in accordance there operatives, they in tuen buy and consume more than they other with. And so in opening this debate, the Senatorfrom Indiana, wise would of the products of the rest of the country. The start finding that he had a b.1d C.:tse, adopted the methods of his pro lin()' fact con ·ronts me that New Hampshire, a State largely en fession, and instead of making an argument he filled the air g .tged in ma?-ufacturing, has fallen rapidly behind in we~th with denunciations of manufacturers and attempted to mislead since 1880, as 1s shown bv the census reports of 18\:lu. The entire t l•e popular judgment by eloquent appeals to their passions and wealth of the country reaches the alrriost fabulous amount of $ l5, their prejudices. on,u91,19i, about$1,000per capit:J., thelargestitem being in real But the game will not work. The people are reading and estate which reaches $39,54.4,544,333, or considerably more than thinking, and when the verdict is rendered in Indiana next one-half of t he wLole. November the Senator will then learn of the popular disap Of t his wea.lth New H ampshire's part is $325,128,740, which proval of the bill he is championing. Listen to some of the Senar makes h er the poorest of the New England States except Ver tor·s choice epithets, gathered at random from his speech: mont. New Hampshire shows a falling off of $38,00u,OOO in "Privileged classes;" "forcible revolution and bloodshed;" wealth Lince 1880, but a gain of $73,0l: O,OOO since 1870. Ver "indescribable injustice and oppression;" "vicious principles mont and Maine also show a loss for the decade, the former of and workings;" ''iniquitous existing burdens;" "vast individ $d7,000,000 and the latter of $22,000,000. N t:~ w H ampshire's per ual robberies committed in protected markets;" "the untold capita. wealth, which is $863, is $137 less than the a ve :age per and incalculable millions of blackmail levied by American manu capita for the entire country. It is greater thm that of either facturers for their own pockets;" " . ~his wide and well-known Vermont or Maine, but is a falling off of $183 since 1880, in fi eld of extortion and injustice;" ,, the gates of avarice, oppres which year she was one of the richest States in the Union, ac sion, and fraud; " "the appalling legislation of 1890, known as co··ding to census returns. the McKinley law, unlimited in its scope and purposes of spoli New t:Iampshire's aggregate wealth in 1890 was less than that ation and plunder;" "riotous extravagance;" "arrogant, in of each of the other Sbtes and Territories except Vermont, solent, dictatorial;" "sinister, perfidious, and dishonest in char Delaware, Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Wyoming, New Mexico, acter; " "a giant robber;" ''a peedatory monster;" "manufac Arizona. Nevada, and Idaho. turing interests which are now the colos5al taskmasters of the In manufacturing she stood seventeenth, being exceeded by whole people, commanding tribute from every day's labor be· Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Yor·k, New neath the sun, haughtily striding the corridors of this Capitol Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Mich and issuing- their edicts in the tones of dictators for or against igan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, Kentucky, and California. the enactment of pending measures in the Hal:s of Congress;" New Hampshire s wealth in real estate with improvemen .s ' ' unworthy, unmanly, unchristian desires to commi textortion;" thereon amounts to $176,131,000, which places her ah8ad of Ver "in favor of the right to plunder by the law;" "favorites of for mont alone. In live stock on farms and ranges, farm improve tune, pets of vicious legislation to whom the Government has ments and machinery she has $14,044,975 invested, which places farmed out the power of oppression over others;" '' inc ~Lrnation her ahead of Connecticut and Rhode I sland, but behind the rest of human selfishness;" '' sordid. brutal selfishness;" :. the lust of New England. In mines and quarries, including product on ,' for riches:" ''obstructive av ;.~ rice;" "to commit crime with hand, she has $1,188,0')9, which is a better showing tnan Rhode impunity; '' "monopoly and extortion;" "a gigantic crime;" ' Island m ~t ke s, but is less than that of the other New England "a policy so flagitious in principle, so rotten in morality, so rav States. In machinery shecomesoutwitb $30,904,366, which only enous in its exactions on the absolute wants of life:"" unjust, re lacks $5,CO:) ,OOO of being as much as shown by Maine and Ver lentless. unsparing, insolent, an·.l brutal;" ''delusive bribes;" "a mont combined. Singularly enough the best showing made by reckless, foolhardy experiment on the forbearance of the Ameri the Granite StJ.te is in her railroads. In them she h as no less can people;" ''rash and insolent assault on the toiling masses;" than $58,782, 551 at stake, a larger sum than either Vermont, ''the lowest depths of human depravity maybe raked in vain for Rhode Island, or Connecticut, and almost as much as Vermont a baser or more infamous scheme by which to obtain money dis and Rhode Island together. She has $2,143,867 tied up in tele honestly;" "falsehood and perfidy;" "ghastly results;" "hide graohs, telephones, shipping, and canals, and $35,814,204 in mis ous fruits;" "uproar and strife:" "distress, want, and sometimes cellaneous business, in both of which directions she exceeds Ver murder;"" unconscious and contented victim of robbery; ' "dan mont alone. gerous policy;" "unbridled extortion;" "oppressed labor;" I give these figures to show that the frequent attacks upon "monopoly and brutal avarice;" "narrow and corroding selfish the New England States. on the ground that they are, b-e'cause ness of riches;"" tbe oppression of the toiling masses:"" danger of tariff la s, concentrating an undue propor~ion of the wealth ous pretensions and in tolerant arrogance of accumulated wealth;" of the country in their borders, is not justified by the facts. If "continued and bruhl dictation of tbe plutocracy;" "this for New H ~ 3890 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 20, policy of the Southern slaveholding oligarchy was overthrown. observation and experience, now well aivanced in years, will ' But theoc.·e are some men living who remember those days, and throw a ftood of light on this question: fortunately facts and figures are at hand to utterly disprove CHARLESTOWN, N. H., April 11, 1891. the Democratic assertion. MY DEAR Sm: Ifyou p1·opose tosayauything more on thetaril!' question No attention whatever seems to be paid by our Democratic I wish you would arraign the abettors of the ·' Wilson bill" for the entire friends to the facts of history. They conveniently forget that falsehoods they utter in regard to th~ "Walke1' t:u-i.tr" or 1846. in 1850 Mr. Samuel Bowles and other representative citizens of Th0se of us who were en!?age l1n m.'l.nufactur~s a. t. that time well remem ber the pro5tration 1n busmess and the Hleness or the worklng people in Massachusetts sent a petition to Congress entreating it to revise 1848, 1849, and 1850. despite the call for some branc.1es of ma.nu1'.\Ctat·e caused the tariff of 1846 in th13 interest of protection, and this is what by the Mexican w.u-. This continued untll th g Jld be ~an to pour 1'1 from California in 18.'>1, when a short perio:i or appMJnt pro.:;perlty and infl.ation that well-known editor of the Springfield Republican and his followed, until the great cra.3h or 1857. associates said at that time: The gold all went throu.th the-country to Europe, and, as you wlll know Pre-vious to the passage of that law the manUfacturing and mechanical the UDlted States had to pay a premilllll for it in 18.19. ' interes ts in this community were in a flourishing condition. Since 'uha.t time I sl>.etched some rellliniscencei of t.1ose days in ttl.e new city of Lawrence the condition of things has entirely chan~ed. and it is fully believed that (started in 184-5), in a pa.per for the Manufacturers' Gazette, whichlsent.you much of the stagnat ~ on of business may be traced to the operation of that last week, and which I hope may be ot interest to you. Few of these free la.w. Mannfileturing la.nguishes, mechanics are thrown out of employment, trade orators are old enough to know what they are talking about. bus1nes~ of all kind~ 1s dull, :md unless protection can be a.trorded to our Yours, Yery truly, la.borlng cla.ss "s poverty will overtake tllem. The subscribers therefore SAMUEL WEBBER. pray that Congress will so alter the ta.ritrof1846 that it will protect the labor Hon. J. H. GALLINGER. and capital or the cou.n.try from foreign competition. A letter ·written by the same gentleman in January of this And they S9em to forget, too, that in 1852 President Fillmore, year, and printed in the Boston Jou1·nal~ is of interest in this in his annual message to Congress, made this statement: discussion. Mr. Webber says; · The value of our e~orts of breaa.stuffs and provildons, which it was SU1l· posed the incemJ.ve of a low ta.rill and large importations from abroad would While you are perfectly correct in denying the falsely claimed prosperity have greatly au::pnented. has fa.llen trom $68,000,000 in 1847 to !'ll.OOO,OOO in of the country under the Walker tariff of 10!0, you do not Dl:lke use of some 1851, With almosc a. certainty of a s.iU further reduction in 1852. 'l'he policY' importanr. facts in the history or the city of Lowrance from 18!7 to 18.">3 which dictated a. low rata of dutie'i o! fonlign mercha.ndise. it was thought when the influx or gold from California. produced a. temporary prosperity by those who establlshed it, would tend to benefit the tarming population of which lasted until the g-reat crash ot 1857. Tnere must be sonie of the old this country by increasing the demanl and raising the price of agricultura.l stockholders in the mills ol tb~!i city liVIng, who can give you some Pl'Oducts 1n foreign markets. 'l'he foregoing !acts, however, seem to show mournful facts. incontestably that no such result has followed tho adoption of this policy. I went down there from Lowell as draftsman and assistant engineer to the Ba.y State mills in 18!7, and well remember how in l!S43 ft was found 1m· • President Fillmore also painted in glowing colors the disasters possible to sta.n the mills ou the fabrics for whtch they had been pla.uned. that had come to O\lr ma.nufacturiag interesr.s, and the sufierin!!' viz, "fancy ca.ssime:r:es and over coatings." I remember when Miss Turn ~ bull, sister of Mrs. Samuel Lawrence, orought home a plaid shawl from and sorrow that had overtaken our people. Scotland, and Mr. Lawrence saw it might pay to try anJ make some of them. Mr. FRYE. Mr. President-- Milton D. Whipple, a. well-known invenr.or or Lowell, was calle1 in, and The PRE3IDING OFFICER. Does the Sena.tor from New inventedamachinetotwistthefringes.whichwasdonebyhandinScotland, and thus sa.vedabout20 cents on a shawl. The succes.Jfor a couple of years Hampshire yield to the Senator from Maine? was phenomenal, until the fashion changeu, le~ving the mills to struggle Mr. GALLINGER. I yield with· pleasure. along uncompleted. until they went under completely 1n 1~57, and were re- 'Tb t 1 t" · th N th h d I d capitalized as the Washington mills at 10 cen.ts on tihe dollar. M r. FRYE' · e recen e ec 1onsrn e or a ' suppose ' I remember how the great Atlantic cotton mills threw up half their plans utterly destroyed the Democratic pa.rty there, but I see they and the Essex Company took baclr the land anu wheelpits. which had been havo destroyed it in the United States Senate also. When I built and which la.yidle !orma.nyyea.rs., until itwastina.llypurchased by the commenced to speak there was one Democratic Senator here in Pact tic mills, and is now utilized for the ma.nufae~ure or cotton and worsted goods, and known as the •·Lower Pacific." the Chamber, now there are two. I remember how friends ot mine, who were original subscribers to the Mr. GALLINGER. I welcome to my audience the Sen.ator stock ofthe Padfi.c mills, were sa.hl to ba.ve sold theil'tl,OOO shares !or $75, be·. f.rom D elaware [Mr. GRAY], who T sec is now entering the Cham- cause they could not raise the money to pay a,s=ssments -called for addi· tional stock because the expenditure had exceeded the estimates. ber. It is t.o b-3 hoped that after we get along a little further in I wellrememb:>r, also, how this call for money worried the late Hon.Ab the discussion oi the schedules of the bill th.a.t our Democratic bott Lawrence, who was largely .interested in those mills. I can speak only friends will be on hand •. as they doubtless will be, especially as an observer and a. working engineer, b\U you can surely find men who - , can tell you ot their personallossea. when we take voteson different provisions in the measure. I do The tari!! o:t '46, planned by a. ::joutherner, did not bear so heavily on not find fault tha.t they do not listen to me to-day. The people coarse cotton goous as it did on woolens, and after the gold ca.me in from are listening, and they will settl& with the Democratic part."'. . California the manufacture of ordtna.ry cottons was prod.ta.ble, but all the .r prosperity of that period was due 'LO California. and not to the tarilt, a.nd that Going along a little further, to-1854, and we find Hunt's Mer- all was not prosperous before the gold came in lli shown in an article in the chants' Magazine, a well-known free-trade journal of that pe- November number of the Engineering Magazine on .. The History or Strikes riod, declaring that: in America.," which says: '·In 1850 buslne:ss was dull throughout the country. Out or 2,485,700 cotton spindles in New England over 80'J.OOO are said to have COnfidence is shaken everywhere a.nd o.ll classes are made to rea.lize th~ been stoppeu." Wages were redured in Fall River and a great strike fol· insecurity of wor dly possessions. The causes which led to this- ha.ve been lowed, in which 1,300 peop-le were out of employment ror six months. a. long time at work. Good9 which ha.:l aex"Umulated abroad when the de- we &.re now repe!l.ting th& disasters which toll owed the tar11I of 1846 for mand had almost ceased wdre crowued upon our shores at whatever ad- four years. and we have no Calif.ornia to fall back on! vance could be obtained, thus aggravating the evil. The young men who ·write the .. Free '£rade T:u-itr Reform" articles for • ~ . the Boston Herald and such papers do not remember as far back as 1850, and A httle later, January 6, 18~5, the New York Herald said ed- you will do good service to the country if you will obtain and publish some itorially: Ifacts from. men who we:z:e crippled or ruined fina.ncia.lly by the ta.ritr of 1810. Elsewhere will be found some mention of large failures at Boston. and Yours, very respecttally, SAMUEL WEBBER. N.ew Orleans. 'l'he epidemic is traYeling over the whole country. No city CH.ARLES:rowr~. N. H., January 6, 1894. ot any note can hope to escape. . . . An address oi the Unemployed \Vorkingmen's Committee to Such te~t1mony Is. \Vorth more than all the rhetoric of all the the mayor of the city of New York was published in the Herald Democratic_orators m the c .m~try, and .ought to sett_le forever of that same date. These workingmen said: the contentiOn as to the practical w_:-rkings of the t .Lrlfl' o! 1846. We do not come a.s beggars, but we ask what we deem right. We ask not Mr. ~RAY. Does t le Senat.or fro:::.l New Hampshire ObJect to a.lms. but work. We d9n't want a. little soup now and cast-off clothing to- a question? I see he has a prepared speech. morrow. But we do want work and the me-<".ns or ma.king an honest lh eli- Mr. GALLINGER. Not at all; I shall be pleased to have an hood. The condition of the workin~ clas~es is most piteous. 'l'hey want interruption. bread. Is there not enough in the ctty? .Lheywant clothes. Is there none M GRAY Th 1 tt l th t•t t f th S t madenowadays? !'". • e e er rom e cons 1 uen o e ena or . . . . from New Hampshire, to which I have been listening, describes Th~ New York. Herald ~s _filled w1th sta~ments of th1s kmd, the condition of the country as he believes it to be under the shomng the terrible cond1_t10no; the workmQ·men. B.?d the well- Walker taritl of 1846. known appeals.for help prmted m the Ne~ YorkTr1buneof the Mr. GALLINGER. Yes. sam.e date and m oth~r pa-pers equal anything that has ~c::n~rred Mr. GRAY. Has he s<.~.id anything about the condition of the durm~ t~e past ye::~.r.m ~his c ountry. It was Democratic t1mes country under the McKinley tariff in 181J2, 18(}3, and 1894, the then: 1t 1s Democratte t1mes now. . tariff under which we are now living, and which is in active op • A~d although often quote_d, th~ wo.d.s of Prcs1d!3~t Buchanan eration to-day:> m his message to Congress m HS<>7 will beJ.r repet1t10n: Mr. GALLINGER. I believe he did not allude to that but In the midst ~f unsurpassed plenty in all the productions and in all the the Senator from Deln.ware kLows tha t he could not have' said elements of na.uonal wealth, we fln1 our manufactu: e.'! suspended. our pub- . . · · · · _. Ucworksretarded,ourpl·ivateenterprisesofdifrerentkindsabandoned ano anything detrimental to the operatiOn of the McKmley tar1.ff ln thousands ot useful laborers thrown out ot employment and reduce'd to 18u2, as it is admitted on all hmds that that was the most pros- want. perous ye ~r in the history of the country. Can it be possible that those were prosperous times? II idle- Mr. GRAY. We had in 18}1.2 some of the most disastrous ness, low wages, hunger, failures, bankruptcy, are evidences of strikes we have ev :'! r had in the history of tile country. prosperity, then indeed did the Walker tariff bring prosperity Mr. GALLINGER. We b::1.ve alw .:~.ys had disastrous strikea, to the country, but not oth61'wise. and free-tFade.England has had more than this country h as had. The following letter fr-om a resident of my State, a man of wide Mr. GRAY. The strikes in this country never were so disas- 1894. C0NGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE. 3891 trous as they were in 1892. Never were so· many men shot down tricts, Mr. QUIGG-I do not remember the number of tbe dis in their tracks for demanding their share-- trict-made a house-to~house canvass throughout the entire dis Mr. GALLtNGER. I do not agree to that. How many mel? trict, not simply upon the tariff question, but upon the bill as it were shot down in their tracks, and under what circumstances!' then stood in the House of Representatives, the so-cJ.lled Wil Mr. GRAY. Ev ' r so many; I do not know the number. son bill. The election in Pennsylvania was also carried on upon Mr. HOAR. Will the Senator from New Hampshire allow ta.riff line.s. ' me a moment? Mr. GRAY. The" Dutch cJ.rriea.. Holland" there, did thoy Mr. GALLINGER. With pleasure. not? Mr. HOAR. How c1.n the McKinley tariff be said to be in Mr. ALDRICH. The election in my St'lte, where the selec active opm·ation in the United States ro-day when, ever since tion of a member of this body w.1s at stake, was carried, too, the election ~f tbe Senator from North Dakota [11r. ROACHj, solely upon that issue. If there is anything in t.he s ~gns of the which gave the Democrats their majority in this Chamber, times that is per.fectly clear and that the .Senator from Delaware every bJsiness man h as known that if be made a contract the underst ~ nds as well as I do, it is that the people of the United tari1f was liable to be repealt·d before he could execute it? St:l.tes are heartily sick and disgusted with themselves for the Mr. GALLINGER. I was ab::mt to make that very observa result of the elections of 1892, and that there is a revision of that ticn. Mr. Webber, the gentleman from whom I have been read judgment going on at the pres3nt moment. ing, and whom I know to be cne of the. most intelligent men i.n M.r·. GRAY. Against the assertion of the Senator from Rhode our section of the country. calls attent10n to the fact that th1s Island and his declaration in respect to which I have no doubt condition of things h s existed in thiscountry.just as it existed the wish is father to the thought, th1.t the people are sick of under the tariti law of 18-:!6, ever since the Democratic party t9.riff reform, I have only to place again their distinct, emphatic, came into power on a platform pledging it tore nact a tariff and impossible-to be-misunderstood verdict in 1892, and to sta te similar to t"he t ariff law of i846. It is, Mr. President, I submit, that since th€D there has b 3en neither opportunity to reverse it almost a reflection upon the intelligence of the distinguished nor a.ny attempt to reverse it. _ Senator from Delaware for me to have to remind him of th.e fact Mr. ALDRICH. If the Senator from New Hampshire will that the business interests of this country rerfectly understand yield for a moment further- that the Democratic majority proposes to strike down the high Mr. GALLINGER. Certainly. t!U'iff law of 1~W and enact a low-tariff law in its stead, and that Mr. ALDRICH. I did not say that the people of the United every contract that is being made is made. and every man who States were sick of tariff reform. My declar.::~.tion was not in proposes to invest one single dollar in any indus try in this coun tended to be so broad. What I did say and what I maan to af try, does it with the understanding that if the Democratic p _Lrty firm is that the people of the UniLed States, with great unanim can rally~ by fair means or foul, a sufficient number of votes to ity, are opposed to the kind of tariff reform which it is proposed pas the Wilson tariff bill, they propose to give this country _a to be ~.m:1cted int.o legislation by any of the hills now before the low tariU: instead of the high tariff which we have had for the Houses of Congress. It is this nondescript measure, which is last thirty-throe years. neither for free trade nor protection, which·is a thousand times Mr. GRAY. I do not wish to interrupt the Senator from New worse in its effects upon the country than either would be. th:.1.t Hampahi.re unduly. the people of the country are disgueted with. I will sbte to t he Mr. GALLING~H. I am -very happy to yield. Senator from Delaware (and L I a..m not greatly mist.:-tkcn he Mr. GRAY. I should like the Senator from New Hampshire will find the same thing tru-e in Delaware next November) in to state what he thinks the people of this country meant by the my part of the country there is not an intelligent Demom':lt of mandate which they ·gave to Congress by an overwhelming ma any kind who does not denounce the proposed legislation that jority in lHI ~ .to do the very thing of whicb he complains? is now before Congress. hlr. GALLTNGER. While I am nota. Yankee by birth, I have Mr. GRAY. The only satisfactory evid&nce that we ca,n evor l h c his wool, because, as be says, "a man canopied by the free open will get nothing additional by way of tax. Not only the con heavens can not prosper by the artificbl and unfair processes of sumer of whisky, b 11t those who use alcohol in the arts. will be protection." The s:tme logic would forbid the farmer, with the compelled to contribute 20cents per gallon to the most unscrupu free canopy of heaven over him, to use artificial fertilizers on lous and desperate ring that has ever existed in this countt·y. his land. Now, let us go a step further. The bill pro osas to extend the The Senator exulted in eloquent language because the price bonded period from three to eight years. What will bathe re of sugar has fallen heavily since 18-16, and then he fiercely de sult of such extension? The Government will be de.r- rived for nounced the bounty system, to which alone that decline is due. five years of its tax of 90 cents per g aJlon. Ninety cents, at 6 If he does not like McKinley pdces for sugar why does not he per cent, is 5.40 centsannually, and for five ye::trs it is 27 c ~nts. go back to Walker prices in 1846, which were more than twice ~o that every g :tllonof spirits left in bvnd for fi vcadditional years what they are to-day:> The Senator C..1 lls the ~lO, uOO . OUO paid in will pay the Go >ernment :::!0 cents additioaal tax, and at ti per bounty robbery and extortion, but he convemently forgets the centmterestthe whisky ring will make ~7 cents,or 7 centsmore $50,000.000 or $tO,UOO,OOO that have gone into the pockets of the than will be paid to the Government. people because of pra:ctical free sugar under the Me Kinley law. At 5 per cent the loss to the Government will be 2t cents on The price of sugar has fallen because three-tifths of the sug-ar every g .lllon, and at 4 per cent the Government will make a supply of the world is furnished by beets: and the beet sug ;.~, r in profit of just 2 cents per gallon. This is a m ttter of simple du::.try, created by protection of the most stringent ch:tracter, mathematics. which I seriously commend to the consideration has alwa:vs been, and is now, stimulated by bounties. The Sen of the Senator from India.n3. and his Democratic associates. I ator does not like "artificial" methoJs of producing industrial say that the pretended ad vance of the duty on distilled spirits is results under the free canopy of Heaven. But if there ever w s a humbug from beginning to end. It will not much benefit the employment of artificial means in such a direction it was when revenues of the Government, it will largely increase the price of . France thus summoned into existence, and the other nations of alcohol used in the arts, and it will enrich an already highly Europe promoted and developed, the culture of the sugar beet. favored class of men, combined to control them ~ rket in distilled E10quent references to the free canopy of Heaven and to the in spirits. In addition to which it may be said tb.at while the Gov trinsic viciousness of bounties will not disguise the facts, fi rst, ernment is keeping the whisky eight years in bonded warehouses that this friend of the farmers is trying to destroy a new-indus it will probably double in value because of its added age. try which in the great West promises much for the prosperity WHY NOT A TAX ON BEER? of the agricultural population: and, second, that while he will If additional revenue is n 'eded why not put the tax on fer relieve the people from payment of about ten millions annually mented liquot·s? The tax on beer is paid yea.rly. and there is no for bounties, he will com:pel them to pay in sugar duties from bonded period. Alcohol and spirits now pay 70 J per cent tax, fifty to sixty millions wh10h they are not now required to pay. while beJr pays about Z5 per cent. The former is used toalarge 1'his is the grand scheme of the Democratic party in re a ~ d extent in manufactures, while the latter is all drank. Let the to sugar. It strikes a blow at every man, woman! and child in t :x on oistiUed spirits remain at 90 cents, and the tax on beer the land, and especially in the families of the poor. It protects be increased from $1 to $2 pet• b.1rrel. Such an arrangement and fattens the great sugar trust~ while at the ~arne time it im would not be profitable tothewhiskytrust, but itwo;Jld besensi po ~ es an additional burden upon every consumer of sugar in the ble and just. W -hy this extreme tenderness and consideration United States, and sounds the death knell of the beet-sugar in for the brewing interest of the country which accumulates vast dustry in Kansas, Nebraska, and other States. fortunes? The claim that beer is a food product and should not Whether, as is rumored, the Democratic majority have fur be further taxed is ridiculous in view of the pwposed ta,x on ther yielded to the sugar trust, and are contemplating an added sugar. used by every person in the country, rich and poor alike, increase of duty, I do not know. It mat ters not whether that and from the fact that inasmuch as only a small proportion of be true or false, the people understand the question, and the the sugar consumed by our people is produced in this country, day or reckoning for the Democratic party on this subject is not it is en ~ itled to free admission to our market.s. - . far away. Beer iHan article not carried in bond in such la1·ge q uant.ities TAX 0~ DL'!TILLED SPffiiTS AND THl!: EXTENSION OF THE BONDED PERIOD. as to affect the interests of any trade by an increase of the inter In discussing the tax·on distilled spirits and the extension of the nal tax from one to two dollars per barrel. The increased in bonded period the Senator from Indiana declared that the task come would be immediatelvavailable; the ret'.l.il price would not was easy and the way smooth. He then proceeded to show that be affected in the least. There would ba no one engaged in the the proposed increase of tax and the extension of the bonded artsand mtnufactures to suffer,aswill be the casesn.ould spirits p 3riod was altogether in the favor of the Government and not and alcohol be ad vanq.ed in price. Aside from t '1is very impor at all to the interest of the whiskey ring. It will be difficult for tant consideratior.., the money market will not be house purchased in 1892, you pay on that 2 per cent. If you lose $5.000 on a. taxes, also this ta.x on their earnings, and will sn!rer by the tax being also house you bought in 18J2-these real-estate transactions run from the year collected on the dividends of many stocks which they hold as investments. o! our great victory-you pay 2 per eent of that also. These banks must also pay interest on their deposits. It you speculate a.s a. business and 1ose $5,000 in Wall street that is de· There is no use trying to evade the conclusions. An income tax of this dueLed !t·om your taxable income. It you paid $5,000 tor a. piece of real es kind will have a tenuency to cripple corporate institutions. 'l'he purpose tate and the title proves ba-d-that is, it you bought it in 1892 and discovered seemed to be to tax all kinds of successful industry and to strike a d1rect your loss in lSJ-1-you get no dedn ~' tlon. If there was a. house on it and you blow at every person who is prosperous. I do n.ot know that there was any had that burned you get a. deduction. providPd it was not insure::L The law special prejudice against the stockholders of national banks. The inten 1·eads "losses actually s ustaine.l during the year arising from fire, ship tion or the bill was to raise a large amount of money f.rom persons and cor wreck, or incurred in trade anJ not covered by insurance or other\vise." porations that are doing well. That •·otherwise" is scattered through this bill like plums in a. pudding. No one will deny the fact that the income tax is class legislation of the It you own a. building which does not p ay because it has no elevator, and rankest kind. The exemption was placed at the high sum of $4,000 in order you put one in, the cost or t hat elevator is pa.rtofyour income and you must not to reach any people except tbo"e who have large incomes. Such a tax pay~ per cent on it. You can lleduct the Medicine Lodge mortgage in some is simply communism in anindirect way. In England the exemption is only distant year when you have ascertained that it is worthless. bllli until so as 1500. A large exemption makes it a tax ot the few for the benetlt of the many. certained the tax runs on the interest upon it, and there are no drawbacks. The old rule that all property should be taxed equally is violated by such The curios are not ended. From the aggregate income or all the members a law. Under this law more than one-half of the incomes or the United States of any family one deduction of .M,OOO is made. What is the size of t.he family? are not taxed at alL 'l'he tax will be considered unjust by tho~e who are re The proposed law says it m ay be com posed of one or botn parents. It does quired to pay it: and when taxes are so considered paople always resort to not limlt their a.ges-"one or more minor children "-it does not say whose schemes to avoid their collection. The premium thus o!tered for !rand and children-"or husband and wife." Now, if there is not a problem !or you! evasion leads to immorality. Between them all. $! 000 may be deducted. The grandparents may be liv- , 1ng with their only son and his wife and their one or more minor children The Washington Evening Star, in a very able editorial, says: all with $!,000 incomes. Whose $4.000 of income 1~ to be deduct-ed 1 Does With a. growing deficiency sta.ring it in theta.ce this Government, through the exemption run to the "old folks at home?"' 'l'he grandfather may never those who are legislatively responsible for its present conduct, is searching care to wander from his son's fireside. If he and his old wife should take tor con:;id~ra.ble additions to its income, and after more or less of thought a house next door they would save taxes on $4,000, because they would the maJOrity have come to the conclusion that a tax upon incomes will do be clearly wlthin the statute. If th'3Y live with their only son and his wile much toward filling up the unsightly hole in the Treasury, The proposi an.1 their one or more minor chil:i:ren, the taxable wealth or the country tion is. however, extremely unp:lpular save with two classes-tho·e Demo would probably be increa.sed by l8,0JO. If a. husband and wi!e should each crats who imagine they see in it the only relief for an embarrassed Admin have a separate income or $4 000 a year, they will have to be taxed, if they iscratlon and the Populists. who, as a rule, have no incomes large enougn live to;;etber, on ;4,000. Il they get a divorce, they are not taxed. to be taxable. Even among loyal Democrats there is opposition to the tax; Four sisters, girls. of 17, 18, 11!. and 20, say, jointly own a. city house which in fact, the more loya.l the Democrat the less is the enthusiasm on this inter· yiehls ..I!3,0UO a year income. They pay a. tax on an income of $12,000 because esting topic. It is admitted by those who are convinced tha.t t a.rirt dmies they live in sweet sisterly love with a big brother who 1s their guardian. must be lowered that the deficit will have to be made up through the aaency They all m arry in one season. and that taxable wealth is knocked into ob of internal taxation. but as soon a.s that point is rt~ached there 1s izl'st:J.Ilt livion. A law that can shoot in as many directions as this one and hit division and divergence. It is more than difficult to understand the pro something every time, is too dangerous to let loose in hard t.imes on a suf cesses by which income-tax advocates can have satisfied themselves that fering country. they alone have reached the true solution of a most intricate problem, es I:f a poor farmer puts money into a little company and utilizes some water peci2.lly when history makes plain the antagonism with which Americans fall near by for a factory, down comes the hand of a. tax collector a.nd makes greeted an impost similar in general outline to that now proposed. his investment so unprofitable that it is better to keep his money idle, with In an exhaustive review or income-tax legislation, published ln the Annals out the r isk of business. in au old stocking. This law is an octnpus. It has of the American Academy, Prof. Fredertc C. Howe of Johns Hopkins Uni a tentacle for every m an who has a dollar in any paying corporation in versity say~ that .. r~w taxes were more unpopular or olious to the people America. If a page here owns one block of Western Union Telegraph than the income tax. From its first imposition it was assailed as invading stock which pavs him $5 a year he must lose 2 per cent on that $5. If I own the sanctity of the most private a1'1'airs, as being insep:u·able from inquisi a. mHlion dollars of Government bonds I do not have to lose 1 cent, not even torial scrutiny into business relations. and an insutrerable penetration into on t~e accrued interest. on the premium, on the bond, or on that mystery of those a!l'airs or the indiv1dual which were in a sense sacred, a nd which in the finance, the •·premium on the coupon .. " pa.st had been exempted from the visits of the excise m~n. It was further If I own $10-J,OOOworth or New ~ork Central stock, I lose 2 per cent on alleged, with some truth, that a. tax which o.trered such opportunities for $4,000. If I go into a manufacturing enterprise that pays no dividend, but evasion was a charge upon honesty and a premium upon false returns., tries to build up a surplus for hard t imes, I get no retnrn !or my money and But there are other reasons why no such tax should be levied. and among have to go to work. If may salary is :St,OOO, I must account for the ratable tbesa is that which shows sectional inequality and proves tnat the burden is share of the surplus of the factory, and that is taxed. So I am better olf to on the class that deserves exemption-the successfully industrious and lock my money up in governments or to put it in a. flavings bank, where it thrifty. Of course there is not so much disparity between the North and the is under favor of State and nallionalln.wsand 1s kept out of business. The South as there was during 1867 When one collection district in New York re bill should be entitled "An act to encourage idle capital." ceived more than twice as much income tax than was collected in all the It ia a tax upon. industry. There is a messenger boy in the b:mk or which States of Virginia, Texas, Tennessee, South Carolina, North Ca.rolina, Mis I am president, who has put his ~;avings into a. corporate stock. He pays his sissippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia. Arkansas, and Florida, but compari- 2 per cent income ta.x, although he has not over $300 in the world and his if salary 1s not over iiO a. week. His income is about $15 a. year from his in ~~~~:;t~~nf~ ~~;~ Jff\~~~sd~v~~~ this extremely unpopular at- vestment. but it is taxed. A clerk who gets $4.000 and saves nothing does not feel the tax at all. A stockholder lives on the proceeds of $1\iO,OOO of De The New York Press, under the caption of" The Plunder and troit City 4 per cent bonds and goes untaxed. The tax reaches the boy's $15, the Blunder Tax," disse<;ts the income~tax proposition in these but 1t does not touch the wealthy stockholder. Yet this bill is framed on the words: · theory of each citizen's ability to pay! The widow gets insurance on her The Wilson bill for the benefit of foreign manufactm·ers and the degrada· dead husband·El policy. All diviaenjs coming to her a.re taxed 2 per coot, tion of American labor is fittingly crowned with an income tax, intended to and she receives, say $10.000, in one year. She must pay 2 per cent on lf6,000 transfer to American and especially to Northern shoulders tne burden here of that. She invests the whole $lO,oro in some corporate stock, and her in t-ofore borne by the foreigner. According to the estimate made by the ad come. all that she has or ever expects, is $600 a year. She loses 2 per cent vocates of the Wilson bill, the proposed income tax would yield $30,000,000, tax on that by this bill. A rich man's widow puts $100,000 into Brooklyn by far the greater part or which would be exacted from the thrift and in City 4's and doesn't p::~.y a cent. dustry ot New York, New England. Pennsylvania, Ohio, lllinois. and other The Pre3identof the United States, with~O,OOO a. year salary, pays nothing, it is claimed, and a member of Congress, who gets $.),000 a year, and pays N ortherasections, and thereby removed from circulation and trade in those $1.000 taxes on a. tine house which he owns, escapes taxation. The member loca.lities. A plain statement of the case is that the income tax would be a who rents a house ror $l,OiXl has to pay taxes on dn,ooo, yet there is to be no levy on the North to punish this section or the Union for having been loyal Inequality in this taxation! The Cabinet minister, with :!8.000 a year. may and prosperous; for ha~ supported the principle of nrotection and taken pay 1!!,000 taxes on city lots, and not be taxed a dollar !or the Government. adva.nta!!e of its o;pporturnties. The idea that an individual can be plun The law sends a prytng. curious lot or otllcials about with power to invade dered without inJU!'ing the community in which he lives has been sum. homes and business houses. and to exercise all sorts of tyranny. It must be cientlyexp,_oded by the experience of the year thathas passed. inquisitorial to the last degree. It punishes enterprise. hunts cooperation No New York Congressman can b!:. foolish enough to suppose that there moval. say, of ~.000.0!.0 from the bank accounts and pockets of New York With a malicious mind. and seeks to di.scourage the strength that ,grows out citi 'ens to the Feder::U Treasury by an income tax would not bb an appre of the union of savings in adventure. and dr1ves capitalint(J idleness and ciable loss to the bn3iness interests. the merchants, the trad€1speople, and hiding. You can drive a. coach and four through it, and yet it will take 2 working people of om· city. The men who do not SJ>end the larger share of cents out or one single dollar paid to a. New England mill operative on her their net incomes in the immediate vicinity oftheh· homes n.re probably very invested savings. few in number. That is Democratic testimony from a. man of large business The income taxpayer may have to endure no serious inconvenience by cur· experience, and as such is entitled-to 2"reat consideration. tailin~ expenditures for t he household, for the church, for society and Hon. Roswell G. Horr, of Michigan, a sound thinker and writer ~~~f~l~s ~fut~~h:~~£l~iJ~~: ~~;~~;~~J~~:cf!?J>~~~~ ~~~~~!f1~e~ on economic and financial questions, has this to say in an article the end the income tax would come on ~ of the pockets of the wage-earner, or be paid at his expense. The New Yorl{ Congressman, therefore, voting an published in the New York Tribune: income tax. would be voting, practically, to take a large amount of money The income tax on the earnings of corporations, as H now stands in the trom the current ch·culation, the bu::~iness interests. and the wages earned Wilson bill, will compel national banks to p 1y an additional tax over an-1 in the city or New York. And the same statement applies to every place in above that which they now pay as local taxation. The savings banks will the country that 1s a. center of bu:>iness energy. be compelled to do the same thing. Indeed, the tax 1s universal and applies There is noresemblance, and there can be uo comparison, between a Fed to the earnings of all corporations. eral income tax and the direct taxes levied for State and local purposes. The Presi ent recommended such a tax in his message, but did not favor The people or New York have Eaid many millions yearly in direct taxation, a t ax on individual incomes. He no doubt conceived the notion that a tax but the money goes directly nto the channels of trade here in New York on corporations could be more easily collected, and would not be so repug and supports thousands of resident families. or the money paid in obe nant to our people a~ a tax on individual incomes. Such a tax on the earn dience to a Federal in:x>me tax but a small proportion would find its way ings of corporations is, in fact, a. tax on every stockholder of such corpora back to local circulation. It would be virtually lost to the community from tions. Consequently the claim that the income ta..x will reach only about which it had been ex1cted, and it would b3 a loss appreciable by every resi 85.000 people in the United States is nonsense. The law as it now stands dent, whether himself a contributor to the tax or not. Everybody knows Will ar:tect several hundred thousand people who own stock in the numerous the influence of a Uberal circulation or money in promoting business and corporations. It is on that accoune that such a tax is unfair and unjust. trade. Tae drain of an income tax on that circulation could not fail to have Many of the stockholders ot these corporations are widows. chlldren, and an unfortunate e.trect. otller persons who have not even $l,OOO ot income a year. They su.trer by To the free traders whose desire is to buy foreign goods ill preferen~e to such a tax, while the people who earn $2,000, $2,500, $3,000. $3,500 a year go American goods, either without a tariff or with a fraudulent tariti that scot-tree. Such a tax 1s not pbrhaps as obnoxious to the people of the could be readily evaded, the income tax would be welcome. Most of them country as ths direct tax on individual incomes, but it is by tar the most live where thrltt and industry have no substantial foothold, and where hon· unequal tax. est labor has been considered degrading. It would gratify such men to see The savings banks ,vill be a1tected Tlley will have to pay their own local communities built up by protection desolated by f.ree trade and robbed bY - . 1894~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3895 an income tax. But their wishes are not likely to be gratifted. A large The imposition of an income tn.x is an unjust form o.tr.lass legislation.. It number of Democrats are said to be aroused to the suicidal folly of a. prop is aimed at what is called the moneyed class-, and carries the implication osition which is grossly antagonistic to the cherished .American principle tba.t they are the select few who should bear the national burthens The o! the greatest indiviaualliberty compatible with the common welfare and notion is as shallow as it is demagogic. It conveys the false implication security. that the final incidence of taxes rests with the persons trom whom they are collected; whereas the immediate payer always tinds one means or an Hundreds of other similar expressions can be found in the other of shifting a large portion of what is collected from him upon other leading papers of the country-Democratic as well as Republi heads, and the burthen is finally dis.tributeJ. more or less equitably among the community at large. This i:s true indeed of every kind of taxation, and can. The only papers which give this proposition unqualified natural law, not the apings or conventional law, finally determines who. support are those which advoc.tte the doctrines of the Populist shall pay the taxes. But in the case of this particular tax. one clatis is de party. They seem t-o believe in distributing wealth by act of luded by the flattering assumption that it isescapingthe taxes, and the dem- . Congress, a nd hence roll the income-tax idea as a. sweet morsel agogi~ legislator is rew!irded by the gratitude and hurrahs of his dupes. 'l'he mcome tax owes Its present advo:::acy very la. r~e ly to a. vicious sec under their tongues. But time )Vill not permit me to dism:ss tional motive. Its Congressional supporters hail mamlyfrom the Western this matter much further, and I will only add a quotation from and Southern States. 'l'ho:;e sections are smitten with an insatiable jeal ousy toward the E astern and Middle States. The latter sections can not an editorial from the Journal of Commerce, of New York, an be forglven because their civilization happens to be elder, more mature, exceedingly able publication, devoted largely to financial mat better organized., and therefore more successful in the accumulation or ters. It is r.he ab:e st discussion of the question that I have yet ~ealth. 'l'he offense of the older States is that having grown out of the ag ·. ricultural stage of development, they have become manuracturers, mer found. Tbat nonpartisan paper says, under the appropriate chants, bankers, railroad builders, and the intermediaries for the exchange heading of '' Fiscal Tyra nny: " or our exports for imports. These services to the West are the crime of the If the political desperadoes who attached the income tax to the tariff bill East. The crime is to be atoned for by paying the Federal taxes; and the had any conception of the feeling aroused among citizens who comprehend Western and Southern franch:se is the authority by virtue of which t he pen its truesigniticance, tbey would tind strong rea.eons of party prudence for a.lty is to be inflicted. But for this petty sectional envy, there would not promptly reconsidering their rash proposals. For what are the facts as to have been ten men in the S:ouse of Representatives who would have stooped this extraordinary innovation :Upon our customary methods of taxation? to demean themselves by thus conspiring against the liberties a.nd immu- Let the following facts answer: nities of American citizens. The income tax is a fulsome copy trom imperial precedents. In European This tax has a direct tendency t-o create disafl'ection towards the Govern countries. where large armies are the custodians of the filched rights of the ment and to debase the public sense of honesty. A people re3pect theft people, when all other so .. rces of taxation have been exhausted this taxing g~vernment in proportion as they are respected by the government. If by violence has been resorted to. In the case of nearly every government Citizens are dealt with on the assumption that they are as a mass dishonest adopting it, it has bee.n the last desperat-e resort either to support war or to and if on that suspicil•n they are beset by inquisitorial espionage and held pay its after penalties. and states once committed to the expedient rarely u.nder threat of forfeiture, they a.re apt to retort by treating the govern· find it possible to throw it off. England resorted to the tax during her wars ment as a robber and by evading its exactions by any and every means at the beginning of this century, with the express understanding that it was This Pl'ocess of governing by force and of meeting the force by deceit and to be but temporary, and to be consistent with that pretense she has since evasion is the device of fools and not of wise statesmen; and its tendency is renewed it from year to year, no statesman daring to suggest its fixed per- to extinguish every sentiment of patriotism and to weaken private morals petuation. However insincere the pretense, it is at least a standing confes- by debasing the morals of the public administration. Arbitrary govern sian of the illegitimacy of the tax; and no stat.esman would pretend to jus- ment means death to national morals; and that is what might be expected tl!yit on any other ground than that of fiscal expediency. In this country from this monstrous proposal to rob the citizen or his most valued per- we r eluctantly adopted the tax under the imperative necessities or the late sonal rights. · war, but dropped it the moment those exigencies ceased, so distasteful was Th. t "th t ·k· bill' h it to the self-res-pact of the individual citizen. In res-toring the odious im- IS grea newspaper argues WI s r1 IDg a ty t at the post now, we should have no such excuse as then. nor even as much warrant income-tax proposition in this bill is unconstitutional, but, in as the European governments, whosefiscalstraitsarechronica.llyperilous. asmuch as the United States Supreme Court, by a majority de- The taxis odiously inquisitorial. It starts with the demand that the citi- cision, affirmed the constitutionality of the income-tax law of zen shall declare to corrupt and leaky officials the foremost secrets of his atrairs, and swear to the exact amount of his income. Realizing how such 1873, that point may well be p assed over without discussion. Inquisitions are calculate-d to evoke a just resentment, it next assumes good Very likely, however, if this bill passes, a test will be made of citiz.enl3 to be dishonest, and puts in force the most insulting appliances of its constitu·tionality, and possibl.v a different conclusion may be compulsory examination and search By law of this boasted free country, therefore, every citizen who has been able to earn a competence is put in the reached by the Court. But, however that may be, the proposi- ~ategor~ of thieves and swindlers, and is threatened ~th severe~t penalty tion to impose such a tax is contrary to both good business sense 1t he hesitates to render ab~olnte submission to these Intolerable msults. 1 and good moral!': - The tax violates the citizen's sacred r1ght of privacy. In this aspect, it is " · a striking illustration of a certain brutish conception of governmental I FREE WOOL. puwers that is becoming too common in legislation. His simply the coarse Wh th t f I th hl d spirit of a. vulgar bullythatwould demand access to a man's most cherished . en ~ e s ena C?r rom n a·mna. got. . oroug Y .wa~·me .up secrets as a means of extorting from him tribute which he is quite ready to to h1s subJect noth1ng seemed to daunt h1m. Notwithstanding _ pay in a legitimate wa:y; and every Congressman who votes for this tax I there are in the Senator's own State over 1.000 000 of sheep the shows himself wanting m the first elements or decent manners, t.o saynoth- of h' h t d · 1 ~ ' · ' · h ' ing of his lack of statesmanly appreciation of the most delicate of personal O":ners w lC a~e 0· ay 1n C O::;e c~m petitiOn '!lt the sheep- rights. " rrusers of Australia and the Argentme Republic, he sees no ...... ' .' The executipn of th;is t:ax involves a ruthless abuse of "~he right o! reason why wool should not be put on the free list. The Sana- search." Unuer certam cll'cumstances, a government may legitim.a.tely ex- to • h t be t d t A · fi k b f ercise the power of search or seizure over a man's house, his property, or r s sc erne seems o 0 es r?y meriC1n oe s y ree his papers. Where a man is charged with crime, that authori.ty may be wool, and then to destroy the American manufacture of woolen properly exercised i!J. the ~terests of _justice ang. pub~ic order, but, even· goods by putting the finished product on the free list. It is a then, only upon a. prlmafacu presumption of guilt established before a court - h f • th · t t f E 1 d a· by due process. But to create a tax which needs the exercise of tills highly grand sc eme ~0 al as e In ere~ S O ng an , ermany, arbitrary form of power amounts to a wantonness of authority which noth· France, Austra lia,. and South Amenca are concerned, but it ing short of th~ la::~t extremity ~t nat~onal danger could ~arrant. As a last mea ns utter disaster to woolgrowing and wool manufacturing resort of war finance, and e3peCially if the loyalty of the people could not be in this country trusted, it might be allowable. But to use such an instrument for the col- . · . . . lection or taxes among a loyal and orderly people, ready to pay all reason- The sheep Inilustry .ln the Umted States IS a very important able revenue, is a shameless abuse or . this search power; and. all the more one. There were in 1890 in all of tb.e States 47 ,.273 553 sheep of a so because there are many other readily available means of rrusing revenue 1 f $12- 909 o54 d th ol l' f h t ' '' d that would suggest no such brutal exercise of authority._ va u~ 0 n, '"' ,_an e wo C 1p or t a year aggregate - Surely the following language, fromtheConstitutivnoftheUnited States, 364,b6,666 pounds. ~n New Hampshire there are 115,1: r1 sheep, exp:resses. a regar~ for the sacredn~s of the righ ts of privacy'\'holly incom- being a little less than our pet'" capita proportion on the basis of patible With the flippant authorizatiOn of searches and seizures contained popu lation rph's 1·s t · d · t d d d h ld in this bill: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, . · .L I a. gr:ea m us ry ,. an . eserves an s o.u papers, a.nd efrec[s against unreasonable searches and seizures :-hall not be receive adequate protect10n. The. Republican paxty has recog '. violated." It is. a poor sign of political ten~ncies w~en. a majority of the nized that fact in all tariff laws p9.ssed since 1860 but the D~mo- legislators of this great Republic shows so little discr1m1nation between a. t• . t t 't fi~ t tu 't t 'tr·k bl t necessary and a wanton exercise of the severer powers of government. era ~.c J>:J,r Y a 1 S • S oppor Dl Y proposes 0 s 1. e a ow a The methods of enforcing this tax are copied from the Star Chamber- the muerests.of the farmers and utterly destroy thiS great and ~th this .- . ' .. 3896 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 20, to the growth of the wool jndustry was given by the reduction palpable truth, that the mass of manldnd has not been born with saddles on their backs. nor a favored few booted and spurred. ready to ride tliem legiti of duties in 1~83, but with the r.Jstoration of a portion of those mately by the grace of God. •· Hail, mighty message. and hail its speedy and duties by the McKinley law in 1/::l t~O , such an impetus was given certain fulfillment I All hail the counsels of 'l'homa.s Jenerson in this hour of to the woolgrowing industry that the clip again incre~ed at a caste based on wealth, of privilege granted by law, and or monopoly fastened rapid rate. The incre.tse was from ::nu,OGO,OOu pounds in 1891 to on the slavery of labor! 36u,OOO.COO in 1893: so that if the McKinley 1 ~w h ad not been' The galleries applauded, and the Senator modestly received as ailed, while the incr~as e would h _we been slower than it was the congratulations of his fellow Democrats. But, Mr. Presi between 1873 and 1884 it is fair to assume that by the year 1\100 dent, what cruelty it is to drag Jefferson before the people of we would be producing 6;)0,000,000 pounds. this generation as a patron saint of the Democracy. Why Jef I find in a recent circular from Justice, B::tteman & Co., wool ferson never wrote a word or uttered a sentiment, 80 far as I can merchants of r ew York, two interesting diagrams, which I will find, that can be tortured into support of the doctrines and the reproduce. The actual increases in the wool clip d,uring the teachings of modem Democracy. The Senator from Iowa [Mr. two periods already alluded to at·e illustrated by tLe solid black ALLISON] quoted some of Jefferson's teachings on the question lines extending from left lO right in the diagrams. The dotted of dir<:: ct taxation, and the Senator from C lifornia [Mr·. PER lines which continue in the s:=tme direction indicate the time at KINS] also pointed out the fact that Jefferson was a strong pro which we would arrive at the production of our entire home tectionist. I want to call attention to some further lessons that consumption of ·wool. have recently come to my knowledge from the writino-s of that gre::tt man. In 1817 Jefferson wrote: =- li " ~ ~ The history of the last twenty years bas been a significant lesson for us g~ ...... "lg -.c::.ece= all to depend for necessaries on ourselves alone- c) ~>->::{~ And he expressed the hope that- 0 ~ 0 ~Q)..,;I 116 g _..,.,c::l=l.C:: .e ;~e~~-years more will pla~e the American hemisphere under a system of 0 :::4'0+" I~ g (.)~:::: ·~ What would Jefferson think of modern" Jeffersonis.n Demo co ~o= ()~~ I crats," if he couid come back to earth, who are trying to over ~!1} - 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3897 175:000,000, while taking the whole world outside of ourselves great body or onr people have never experienced themselves the sufferings compared as a market our population is equal to 700.000,000, which always result w hen theprotectiveprincip:esare laid aside. Poisoned and excited by the wild statements of these \vriters and the demagogic ap~ nedrly one-half of the entire population of the globe. That is a peals of Democratic speakers, the result> will be that in the very near future startling and instructive fact, teaching the lesson that we should these forces whic:h are now working will b<~ stron~ enough to defeat at the polls the party advocating the doctrine of protectiOn. foster and protect the home market rather than to waste our lt must inevitably follow that uncertainty and doubt will ensue. The energies in pursuing the delusive and disappointing "markets bus;ness men of t.he country. fearing the destruction of the principle of pro· of the world," about which our Democratic friends talk so much. tection, will decline to em~- agein business, consequently mills will shut down, and the workingmen will be thrown out of employment. The people will Mr. President, the policy of the Republican party contem then see what tney have never seen be ore, that they can not be prosperous .plates a high wage rate for the workingmen of the country. No and have work while this principle is threatened. In the midst of their suf Republican sympathizes w1th the utterance of a certain distin feringthey will learn that the only way they can be prosperous and happy is to vote for the party th 1t has built up the industries by which they have gu1shed Democratic Congressman when he declared: •· If I were gained a livelihood: becaru:e they will then see clearly that when the manu certain that wages were higher here I would seek to repeal those factory is shut down th :>re is no demand for the only thing which they have laws which make wages higher, and would let wages have their to sell, and that is their labor. - natural pace all over the world." That is Democratic, not Re The fulfillment of that prophecy is threatened to-day, and it publican doctrine. It is the doctrine of the cotton field of the remains with the Senate of the Unit~d States to say whether or South, n Jt of the workshop and the mill of the North. Every not it shall be fully consummated. workingman and wor king woman in the land should read and .All through his speech the Senator from Indiana conveyed the ponder that dechration, the force of which is not broken by the idea that the Democratic party is the friend of the laboring man. attempt to q ualify it. Every intelligent man and woman in So, too, the United States minister to Hawaii pretended to be this country knows that wages are at least twice as high here the' friend ol the President of that unhappy country. while at as in England, and many times higher than in Asia. the same time he was plotting to restore the monarchy. Pro:. That statement expresses the purpose of the Wilson bill with fessions are not enough to satisfy the workingmen of this coun great clearness and force. In striking down the McKinley tariff try-they want works as well as faith; practical demonstrations law the D ~ mocratic party, under the lead of Presid_nt Cleve as well as theoretical assurances. land, proposes to '·repeal those laws which make wages higher" After vig-orously denouncing the manufacturers, the m_en who in the United States. There can be no IPistake about that. In risk theircapital to giveemplovmentto the working classes, the urging the p ~ ssage of this bill the Democrats ::~re seeking to Senator from Indiana spoke as ~follows: ''let wages have their natural place all over the world," to break The farmer, the mechanic, the wage-worker, and the manifold producers down the barrier which keeps out the products of European of every kind come n ot here; they have neither time nor money to spare pauper and Asiatic coolie labor, to force the wage-earners of from their busy, ovet·worked lives; they can not v1sit the lobbies or Con America to sell their labor in unrestricted competition with gress to argue their side of the case; their careworn, sunburnt faces have never been seen in the purlieus or in the hurried, heated, anxious haunts ot impoverished and ignorant Europeans and h alf-naked and half unhallowed avarice; their hard, toil-worn hands are not grasped or felt in savage Asiatics, who live as the beasts that perish. It is astlrt salutation as we sJ;ruggle through waylaying cr owds from committee room ling programme, against which the laboring men of the country to the door of the Senate: the labor element, on which protected monopoly have risen in indignant protest. preys ravenously and unceasingly, is absent from the precmcts of this Cap Itol, and well the milllona"re beneficiaries of protection know that their vic The Chicago Inter Ocean recently pointed out the startling tims on farm, field. and ranch,in workshop, mine, and furnace. on railroads, fact that a reduction of 20 ~er cent in the wages paid in the rivtro, and in every toiling pursult in which bread is honestly earnEid, can United States means a reduction of the purchasing power of the never confront them heee and 'tl~mand a division of time in discussion be· tore the comn•ittee. The favorites or fortune, pets of vicious legislation; people by $2,000.0uO,OGO a year. The figures are beyond com those t-o whom the Government has farmed out the power of oppussion prehension, but they are not beyond the sense of feeling. When over others, take no heed of the rlghts, the pror.ests, the sufferings, or the $~,0uO,O v O,OOOis taken from the wage3 of the artisans and labuers servitude of the mighty masses who constitute the nation's strength and of this country just that much is taken from the stores in which glory. food, furniture, clothing, and fuel are sold, and from the trades Sir, I can not say whether the Senator from Indiana failed to that build houses or that cotrry goods. When th Lt immense see the delegations of laboring men which actually came to sum is taken out of the stores arid offices of the count1·y just that Washington, notwith::ltanding the committees of both Houses much less in value are the o _ders given to manufactures, to lum had not:ilJed them that they would not be heard. Evide.ntly the bermen. to coal miners, and to shippers. When the wage list is Senator from New Jersey [Mr. McPHERSON] saw one of those lower, d by 20 per cent times are bard-very h ·lrd. del ~rations, for he is on record as having told them that he The free traders tell us that when the Wilson bill becomes knows more about the tariff than any other living man. I saw law things will mend and prosperity will return. Indeed they say several such delegations, and in two instances they had a sub that things have already begun to mend, but where or how they scription list showing that the money was raised to defray tha do not tell us. There is no sound reason for the belief that the .expenses by contributions from the operatives in sums of 26 and passage of this bill will make times prosperous, and there is ce t· 50 cents. t.ainly no ground for belief that times will be as good under Very likely the Senator from Ipdiana did not see them, as he _ this bill as they were before the stability of the Mc!:i:inley Ltw was usually behind closed doors, conferring with an entirt ly dif was threatened by the election of a Democratic Presidentand a ferent class of men. If I mistake not the Senator dia see a dele Democratic Congress. gation of working women, but they were received in the Marble Vvhen the wage fund of this country is reduced by$2,000,000,- Room, and there told that they could not be heard by the com 0CO a year, affairs can not prosper. Twenty per cent is the sum mittee. No deleg:1.tions of laboring men or from labo;: organi stated in Dun's Review as tbe average reduction of wages in zations in Washington. Why, Mr. President. if they had not s .:. ch mills and fact.odes as have reopened, after a long se8son been told by the Finance Committee to stay at home there would of forced closure, and a 20 per cent reduction all along the line have been hundreds of such delegations here. Let t ne Senator is, as before stated, e qual to $2,000,000,COO. The reopening of examine the petitions and protests on file in the committee avenues to labor1 even at a 20 per cent reduction of wages, may room from laboring- men and women all over the country. if he make conditions somewhat better than they now are, but they wunts--to know what they think of this le ~ islation, and in the will leave them worse by the incomprehensible sum or $2,000,- interests of truth and impartial history I beg of the Senator to 000,000 a year than they were before the Democratic p :irty fooled seek an early opportunity to correct his misstatements on this the workingman by promises of "an untaxed dinner pail." point. A REMARKABLE PROPHECY. NOT .ALONE OPPOSED BY REPUBLICANS. No man h 3.d a keener prescience and a wider intellectual view Mr. President, this bill is not alone opposed by Republicans, than the late Secretary Blaine. Listen to his remarkable words but is bitterly denounced by leading D.emocmts and Democratic of prophecy uttered before the last Presidential election: newspapers in all parts of the country. Why, sir, words have' I love my country and my countrymen. I am an American . and I rejoice been spoken against it in this Chamber by distinguished Dem~ every day of my lite that I am_ I enjoy the general prosperi1y or my coun try, an :1 know that the workingmen of this land are the best p>id.. the be.st crats which ought to assure its defeat. Never before did a meas fed, and tb.e best clothed of any laborers on the face of the earth. Many of ure of this kind enco;J nter the bitter hostility of a portion of the them have homes of their own. 'l'hey are surrounded by all the comforts, party proposing it that this bill has. ana many of the luxuries of life. I shudder, however, at the thought that the time must come when all this will be changed; when the general pros ~TEWSP APER CRITICISM. perit:[ o f the country w .u be destroyed; when the grea.t boJ y o r working men m .this land, who are now so prosperous. will hear their wives a ·d Let us glance at the ci'iticisms of leading newspapers in vari children cry for bread; that the day must come when the greatiactories and ous secti<•ns of the country which supported Mr. Cleveland. manufactories of this land will shu:o. down. and where there is now life and activity, there wtll be the silence of the tomb. F'rom the day the bill was presented to the House to the pees And the reason why this must be is this: The great Southern wing of the ent hour the New York Sun has thundered its anathemf-' Saga_inst Democratic party are determined to establish the doctrine of free trade in _it, recently saying that the charge in the Democratic platform this land. They will be assisted by their Northern allies. The tight is now on_ There is a great body of visionary but educated men who are em that the McKinley law was '' the culminating- atrocity of clas~ ployed day by day in writing free-trade essays and arguments in favor of legislation," should now be applied to the Wilson bill. That that doctrine, which find their way into every newspaper in this l;1.i:l.d. The great newspaper truly says that it is a bill to make States Re- 3898· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 20, publican, and then.. belabors its -party in these words under the republican government. The party press, which so vigorously championed tariff reform, now importune Congressmen to do anything rather than keep significant caption "Licked all along the line:" up the suspense. The map of the late Democratic reverses reaches from Rhode Island to New Mexico n.nd Utah. A very large part of the territory is Democratic The Chicago Times declares that: soil taken possession of by the Republican conquerors. In the present con The billls a monstJ.·o ity, a. libel upon Democracy, an insult to the intelli dition of Democratic panic and skedadd,e, it is ha:·d to pointl out any safe gence of the nation. The best thing r.he real Democrats in the Senate can do Democratic g round. l'erhaps even Kentucky is Republican to-day. The is to vote with the Republicans against it. Populists have been swallowed up in the West. The Democrats have been The Springfield Republic1.n is in the habit of liking pretty swallowed up everywhere, including Queens County. For the present the Republicans rule the roost. much everything that is labeled tariff reform, but it refuses to What makes the country Republicn.n? Not the hard times merely or accept this bill, saying: principally but the Democratic failure to relieve the hard times by carry After more than four weeks of higcsllug OYer the tariff rates, the Demo ing out the Democratic pledge of a constitutional tarur. This country cratic majority of the Sena·e Finance Committee has finally announced its might have endured patiently the days of disastel' if they were to be fol barg&in, by which supposedly all members of the.party in tlle upper branch lowed by increased prosperity. but it is natural that- the country should are ready to stand. It is not. a g ood barga.in tor the country. It is not even kick wben the Democracy. having disturbed all branches of industry under a fair barga..:n. lt comes near IJeing a gross sectional steaL the pretense or ch~nging radically the system of Federal taxation, caimly retains the old protective system. The Providence Journal left the Republican party in 1884, and All this trouble for nothing. Why not keep the same tarltr and let indus has been shouting itself hoarse for tariff reform ever since. But try alone, 1! you were only going to pare and prune the old tariff and the old system? If the Democrats have only the Republican tariff with a Populist it fails to find the genuine article in the Wilson bill, oi which it addition to o.fl'er, what's the use of voting the Democratic ticl\et? !::!o a large says: number of Democrats voted the Republican ticket. or else refused to vote at '.t'he Democratic Senators in whose charge the Wilson bill was placed have all, for great was their disgust with the Democratic imbecility and double used up more time in mulling over it and tinkering it than was spent in the dealing at Washington. entire debate in the House that preceded its passage by that body; and dur There 1s no doubt that the majority of Democrats condemn the foreign ing that time, forgetful or rather wilfully ignoring every requirement of policy of the Administration. Some of them would have taken the oppor their party's platform and the commercial nee.is of the land, they have given tunity to vote the Republican ticket as a. means of expressing tbeir aversion ready ear to all sorts of appeals to timidity and demands of selfl. hness. The to that policv. r esult of it would be the most outrageous violation of the meaning of words Do these latest Democratic r everses come early enough to be a meaus of to call it a. ta.rifl:-rerorm. bilL grace? We are afraid not. We are afraid that nothmg can pur. courage and honesty into the cowards and traitors who in one ye:u have brought the The last quotation I will give is from the Manchester Union, Democracy fTom sweeping victory to the verge of defeat as sweeping: and the leading Democratic newspaper of Now Hampshire. It ex that defeat, dishonorable to the intelligence and the moral sense of the presses itseli in these words: party. The great army of Democrats is broken and sullen, chafing at the The majority of the Senate Finance Committee, after devoting more timo mcapab!P. and traitorous chiefs. How shall it be reol'ganized? How shall to the Wilson bill than the Rouse occupied in the discussion of tnat measure, ruinous defeat be averted? has given the results of its labors to the public. The changes in the bill are we know of but one way, lt t11ere is any. Reorganize the DemoCl'a.tic con- numerous, and for the mostpa.rtunsatista..ctoryand uncalled for. 'rhe Wil science! · son b1ll goes t-v tbe Senate in much worse shape than it eame from the House. That, Mr. President, is an utter-ly hopeless task. T ne principle of free rawmaterials has been sacrificed to the clamor of local Under the title, "Is this the end:m Henry Watterson, the star interests; duties have been still further reduced in lines which affect Im portant indm;tries, and it would seem, in. short, that wherever the commit eyed apostle of Democracy, discourses in the Louisville Courier tee has touched the billit has baen to make a change for tho worse rather Journal, and urges the re-presentatives of his party in Congress than for the better. 'l'his has bee» done, too, in the hope of placating a few Democratic Senators who had threatened to withhold their Aupport from the to" have done with cowardice and lying." Listen to him: bill unless their own selfish demands should be complied with. lt appears, lt i:3 safe to say that whatever act is finally passed will be infinitely more indeed, to have come now to the question whether tJ.e whole United States objectionable than was contemplated by the darkest forebodings of the shall be governed by four. or five Southern Senators. who, not even friends of real reform, and yet, already, we hE'ar it on every hand that, with r epresenting the whole of the South-in fact. but a. small minority-have as· this measure of Democratic stultitlcation-this finished product o1 igno sumed to dictate what shall ::mel what shall not become law. l'ance, cowa.rdlce. and corruption-this iniquitous offspring o~ the bl .- 1894. OONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATR 3899 fuse to enact into law this wicked and atrocious bill. The Senator past nine months all these min~rs have been idle; bnt now (March 3) the :Pewabic is employing 3UO men-less than halt its regular rorcre-at a reduc from New Jersey lMr. SMI'i'B] closed his able speech by saying tion of 50 per cent in wages. Three thousand persons in this city of less that unless the income-tax feature of the bill is stricken out than 10,000 people have been dependent on charity during the past threa '' God save the Democratic p:1rty." I say that if the bill is passed, months for thflir daily bread. B t'iefl.y stated. this is the present condition or things. As to future pros income tax or no income t ttx, then God save the industries and pects: bessemer ore has recently sold in Cleveland for $2.75 per ton-00 cent.s the labor of this great cbuntry. [Applause in the galleries.] cheaper than ever before known. The m en who produce the ore are re<:eiv- . MP. McMILLAN. Mr. President, the rapid and substantial ing from 70 cents to $1 per day, and even at these very low wages only mines favored with exceptional faciltties as to location, quality or ore. and easy ~rowth of the State of Michigan in agriculture, mining, and conditions of mining can hope to do business. With iron ore on the free list manufactures has b ~ en coincident wi:th the policy of protection. it is extremely doubtful if half the mines of the Lake Superior district can The people of that St:1.te very naturally and very justly are de resume work. cidedly opposed to bre.tking down by legislation, as proposed in The question as to whether there shall be an adequate duty on the Wilson bill, the policy under which their State has made iron ore is far from being a sen tim ental one in Michigan. Such such marked progress in everything which goes to make a com a duty is the only barrier that stands between the miner and monwealth great and its citizens prosperous. starvation. In a memorial addressed .to the United States Sen Michigan, when admitted into the Union in 1837, was twenty ate by the citizens of Bessemer, Mich., regardless of party atlli sixth in population; in ltli:JO it ranked ninth; and the advance in iations, (Senate Missellaneous Document No.8. Fifty-third Con material wealth, in educ.1.tional facilities, and in charitable in gress, second session) it is sta.ted that during the yea.r 1892 6,000 stitutions has been even greater. From her mines have come men were employed in iron mining in the single cotm.~~ of riches almost beyond computation, and these treasures have Gogebic. Their average monthly wage earning power was from been enjoyed as well by the people of other· States, who fur $350,000 to $400,0J0~ In a-ddition ltOJO men found work in the nished.the capital to develop them or the labor to convert them lumber operations connected with the mines. to the uses of civilization. Her public-school system has been The threatened act on of Congress in regru·d to the tariff the model for the St9.tes which came after her. closed every mine in the Lake Superior country. The- expen In her great university la3t year 1,200 young men and women ditures in Gogebic County for poor purposes increased from less from other States and from fourteen fore.ign countries received than $10,000 in 1892, to over $25,000 in the first eight months of instruction which cost the State over twice the amount of tui 1893,. leaving out of the account the hard winter months~ The tion fees. Her charitable and penal institutions have often been poor fund was exhausted, the county treasury was emptied_, poor pioneers of their kind. All these establishments, with plants orders anticipating the future were issued only to become val valued at nearly $8,000,000 iu the aggregate, have been built up ueless, because it was a problem whether there would ever be a and maintained b;v public taxatio~ and yet the State is free of future for the oountv. ' debt. In this extremity the people of Gogebic County drew up a To suppot;t them in t.he future, the State must continue to be statement as to th.e actual cost of a ton oi i ron ore. Sta.rtingwith prosperous, and h~ . r people must continue to have the opportuni the value of iron ore in the ground at 35 cents a ton, it was found ties for profitable employment. It is because the Wilson bill that the whole cost of a ton of ore delivered at a Lake Erie port · strikes at every one of the great p roducts of our State that the wes $3.96. This does not include the cost of superintendence or large majority of the people of Michigan, without distinction of interest-on the capital invested. Yet under pressure to realize, party, are OP !JOSed to that measure. This overwhelming senti ore has been selling at $2.75 a ton in Cleveland! ment for the maintenance of the protective policy js no new thing with the people of Michigan. From the day the State was PllOT.EST OF THE PEOPI.E OF BESSEMER, MICffiG.AN. admitted into the Union, the vote of the Michigan members of Is it any wonder that under the stresa of such circumstances of the House of Representatives has been given for protection, the citizens of Bessemer, on November 25, 1893, unanimously unanimously in a maiority of instances, and very nearly so in adopted a. memorial to Congress, drafted by an equal number of others. In the Fifty-fit~tCongress no Michigan vote is recorded Democrats and Republicans, asking" in the name of common against th13 McKinley bill. humanity, in the n:IJlle of our desolated homes, and suffering ffiON OP.E. poor, that this nation be not committed- to a policy that must It was not until the stress and strain of war threw this country prove destructive alike to its industries and to the prosperity of upon its own resources that Michigan began to. give up the raw its people." material of industrial progress. The mining region of thenpper The intelligent, progressive Lake Suparior ·miner, who has peninsula, thrust upon the unwilling State by Congress, for years boon receiving good wages and has been able to surround him was an inaccessible wilderness. It was not until 1844 that the self with opportunities for mental improvement, is to be called Government surveyors accidentally discovered indications of to compete with the underpaid and ignorant bbor of Spainand rich deposits of iron ore, and twelve years elapsed before ship Cuba. ments began. So late as 1861 the three iron mines of the Lake The great Bilboa district in Spain is sensitive to the slightest Superior country sent out in the aggregate only 100 tons. increase in the demand for iron ore. Only so lately as-1835 the In 1892 these shipments reached the astounding total of 9,000,- output of the Spanish mines wa.s a million tons greater th:m that 000 tons, 7,267.874 tons coming from the Michigan mines. Enor of the entire Lake Superior district, and in the nine years, from mous as is this production, the capacity of the upper peninsula 1877to 18~5,inclusive, there W.:tS only one year when the Bilboa is many times greater than h'ls yet been demonstrtLted. Mr. J. district did not show a greater output than did the L':1ke Superior M. Longyear, one of the most experienced men connected with region. It is true that in 1890 the product of our mines was the development of the iron country, states that- double that of the Spanish~ but under either free. ore ot· a low The greater pn.rt of the peninsula is stlll a wilderness, and there a1·e many tariff we may expect to see these figures reversed, . miles of iron ore indications yet untouched by miners or explorers. Many The Michigan ores, with a. 75 cent tari f,-have a small a'dvan of these indications are fully as good as those first :l'ound on the older ranges. tage over Cuban ores when laid down in Pittsburg. This after. The iron-ore business of the peninsula multiplied over seven times in the a. water carriage of 1,200 miles, which is about the distance from eighteen yen.rs between 1873 and 1890, a.nd it is safe to say that it may be still Cuba to New York. The hard specular and magnetic ore from multiplied sevt'n times before theJtm.it of the p:roducr.ive cap acity has been Cuba has already invaded the Pittsburg market, closing at least reached. And when the time comes that new processes shall enable the working of the lean ores. Michigan will be able to supply billions of tons o! one Lake Superior mine. ores now nP.glected by the miner. For years the price of iron ore has been declining, profits Until the advent of the Wilson bill the mines of Michigan, have been getting less and less, the mines have required more taken as a whole, continued their production alike through times and more expensive machinery. The pertinent question forced · of prosperity and .years of stagnation in general business; and by the Wilson bill is as to what t•eduction or wages will be nec notwithstandinl{ the fact that thousands of w'Orkmen, embrac essary to enable the Lake Superior mines to compete with for ing all nationalities, have been employed. no general strike and eign ore which, on a free-ore basis, with wages at the normal none of long duration has occurred. Industrious miners have r a.tes, will drive Lake Superior ore out of every market east of been able to provide well for themselves and their families; they Cincinnati. - are well fed, well housed, and well clothed; they have good H the progress of this country in the manufacture of iron and schools, and it is no rare thing for men who began life a.s com steel had been prevented by duties on iron ore, then there might mon laborers in the mines to attain wealth and political and be some excuse for reducing or removing those duties; but when business influence . the policy of protection has been the me:1ns of making this ..: .. THE Ell'FECTS OF THE WILSON BILL. country the g1·eat3st pro:lucer of iron and steel on the face of .The effect on the iron regions made by the Wilson bill is well the g lobe, there is neither st9.tesmanship nor common sense in summed up in a lettc:· addressed to the chairman of the Senate making the destructive change contemplated in the Wilson bill .. Committee on E1inauce, by Mr. R. P. Tutten, of Iron Mountain, COPPED. Mich. He says: Fostered by a protective tariff 1 the copper mines of Michigan We have five mines within the limits O"f this city capable of producing have been developed to a point where this country has become 1.600,000 to:n.ao11ron ore annua.llya.nd emploJing abouc; 8,500 men.· For- the a. large exporter of .that metal. It is worthy of record, how- 3900 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 20, ever, that the great Calumet and Hecla mine, famous the world tage of our neighbors across the border. And just here it may over not only for the vastn-tioiS of its product, but also for the in be noted th!lt free staves means simply that Ontario will here telligence and prosperity of its employ s, was·notdiscovered un after be called on tosupplytothesug:.trredne rsof New York the till ~o3 ; and that previous to this date copp _jr mining depended b :trrelswhich h .vehithertocomefrom Michig-an. Canad twitb on chance rather than on science. In time the iron mines of her cheaper labor and shorter carri lge will be able to undersell Lake Superior will unquestionably outgrow the necessity of the Mich!g ·~~ stave manufacturers, whose business is conducted, protection; but that day has not yet dawned, and should the asarule,mm ~ and towns, ani whosetimbercomesfrom the far m Wilson bill become a law such a · consummation must long be e rs. Thus the lumber schedule so fair on its face, becomes sim postponed. ply another method for reducing the demand for labor without THE VESSEL INTEREST. a corresponding diminution of prices. Another, and a mi!;hty interest, is thre:ttened by the abolition FREE SALT. or the serivus reduction of the duties on iron o re. The lake ves Closely allied to the lumber interest is the s3l t indus try. From sel interest now repr esent; a capital of over $69,000,000. The the days when Greti.t Britain held posse.ssion of the lake coun capital invested in iron-ore d ocks on Lakes Superior and Mich· try salt was known to exi::~t in Michigan; but it was n ot until a igan is nearly $11,00·}, 000; and on L ake Erie there is upwards of century later that the manufacture of that article was begun in 112,000,000 more. The C3.pita.l required for the rail transporta the State. After ten years of discouragement and financial dis tion of iron ore o.lone from the mines to the shipping ports is aster, in 1810 the manufacture of salt in the Saginaw Valley 132,100,000, and from the rec0iving ports to the mills and fur bee •me a financial success. The State bent all her legislative naces. $26,0LO,OOO. energies to bring about this result, and the salt manufacturers Since the Wilson bill first cast its shadow on the iron in voluntarily taxed themselves to cover the expenses of State in dustry over $WO,UOO,OOO o f c tpita.l, including the money actually spection. invested in mining plant, has been u. nproductive, and 17,000men Michigan produces about one-half of all the salt manufactured have been thrown out of work. Shipbuilding has virtually in this country,and her salt works have a capacity equal to two come to a s tandstill, and the loss to the vessel interests a!.one thirdsof the American product. In order to obtain a uy pro tit the was upwards of $1,6UO,OOO last year. manufa.cture must be conducted in connection with the lumber The people or Michigan are opposed to any fiscal policy which mills, using for fuel the refuse from the logs, and of late years willendangerappropriationsforriverand harbor improvements. only the salt blocks operated under the most favorable condi The Peninsular State, with its 2,000 mHes of co:tst line, includes tions have been profitable. within its boundaries the great water ways by which many of the The history. of salt prices shows that since 1872, when duties stap_le p t•oducts of this country reach their mat·kets, and these were reduced to the present rate of 8 cents a hundred pounds Wli.ter ways the State holds as a trust3e for the nation. By im in bulk and 12 cents!!. hundred pounds in pa-ckages, the importa provements begun and carried beyond the point of success under tions h9.ve decreased by 50 per cent, and the price has dropped State direction. fraight rates between the East and the West are from $1.4ti a barrel to 53 cents, including- the cost of the package, regulated and are being constantly cheapened. worth from 20 to 2:) cents. With the transfer of the lumber mills The Portage and the St. Marys Canals; the locks at Sault Ste. to Canada the manufacture of salt will follow, for the salt deposits Marie, surpassing in size any others in the world; the Hay L:tke of Canada are as rich as those of the United States, and England, and the Twenty-FootChannels. the St. CLtir Flats Canal, and the which now controls the trade on the Atlantic coast, will extend Lime Kiln Crossing! all are within the State of Michigan. Mr. hermarketsinland, to the detriment of the producers and work William A. Livingstone, of Detroit, has shown th :t.t up to 18!:H ers o! New York and Michigan. the total costof all the river and har bJr improvement s on the Great Lakes was about $2J,OOO,OOO, and that the ss.ving-infreightrates THE wooL INDUSTRY. by water car riage when compared with the rates that were Other Senators, and notably the Senator from · Oregon [Mr. charged by the railwaysamount.ed in 189J to $147 ,OuO,OOO, or over MITCHELL], have given exhaustive attention to the subject of five tim ~ s the entire cost of the lake improvements. the duty on wool, and I need only allude to it brietly. Michi . Two hundrad and si 'i:ty frei!{ht trains a day would have been gan, in 188J, was the fourth State in the Union in the p ~· oduction required to ha.ndle the freight cn.rri.ed by lake vessels during of wool, being surpassed by Ohio, California, and Texas. Since the se:tson of nwigation in 1891. the census was hken I believe that Montana has come in n.ha:td The policy of internal improvements has had its most signal of our State. The Michigan farmer comes into competition success on the Great Lakes, where there has been provided a with the Australian sheep-raiser, who uses Go.•ernment la;nds mea.ns of transportation costing in 1 :.0 only one-ninth the cost fenced by the Government; whose sheep require no herdmg, of the same service by rail, and bringing the farmers of Minne- and whc;>se only cost of production is the la.bor of shearing and sota in closer proximity to New York than is the farmer of 1 marketmg. Southe1·n Ohio. More than one-half the wool now consumed in this country is The manufactures of the east are c.J.rried 1 000 miles west at a imported either· in the form of wool or woolen goods. The in less expense than the same goods can b3 shipped 250 miles north crea.se in th;e wor~d s production of wool bet wee~ 1 ~ti 0 and 1885, or south; and the:·e has been cti.lled into bemg a ste 'L m tonnage both ~e.:trs mclusive, was ~ver lOJ per cent; ~nd It ha~ been the that in 1890 was increased by 40 per cent more than was the steam exper1ence of t he Austrahan produ~er th"tt m 18~7 h1s prc;>du?t tonnage of th3 entire seaboard. Great as these achievements brought scarcely more than was p a.Id for half the quant1ty m are, and beneficial as they have been to both the producer and 1872. . . . . the consumer. the triumphs of the future must far exceed those Th~ mm:ease m t~e productwn ?f f?reign wools, and t~e com of the p 1st, provided we h ere and now repudiate the policy and parat1ve difference Ir;t tran5port:1t10n m favor of the fore1gn pro defeat the bill which aims to produce not a surplus but a deficit. ducer who reaches his markets by wa.ter, havf\ placed the A mer- FREE LUMBER BENEFITS CANADA ONLY. ' ican farmer at a disadvantage. even with a rate of duty th1t is Doubtless the framers of the Wilson bill thought that by plac- seemingly high. To admit wool free could only result in such ing lumber on the free list they would benefit the farmer and a decline in the American production as would practically ruin the wocking man. An examin tion of th prices of lumber as wool-raising as an industry; and with the decrease in the num given in the report of the Senate .l!'ina.nceCommittee shows that ber of sheep would come a corresponding d Jcrease in the de~ in spite of s uccessive reductions in duties, a nd also in spite of mand for pasturage, hay, and o ;~,ts, thus increasing the present free logs, the pric ~ of lumber has steadily advanced. In so far depression in agricultural pursuits. as Michig-an is co ncerned, free lumber simply means that the AN UNDERSTANDING WITH THE CANADIAN .ADMrN.lS'.rR.ATION. Canadian logs whicb. have been rafted !:l.cross the lakes to be cut A comparison b 3tween the Wilson bill as it comes from the will her0after be manufactured in C&nada, with a cot·responding House and the new Canadian t .triff shows h ow close an under b enefi t to Canadian labot· and detriment to American labor. standing must h J.ve existed bet\veen the fra,mers of C1e two The value of Canadian timber limits will be increased, and the measures. In e1.ch bill lumber, buck whe1.t, r .v e and rye flour, price of the product will continue to be held up by means of and corn are put on the free list when imported J·rom any coun combinations e <:.sily formed, because of the great CJ.p it::tl re- try which ad.mits these articles free of duty. qui t> edforlumberinQ" operations. Michigan h as made the record Canada o ffe r s to place apples, be ;~, ns, peas, potatoes, hay, veg- of having ma.nufactured enough lumber in the single year 1 ~8 1 etables, and barley on her fre 3 list. wherever any other coun to house comfortably a million p _ople, or to los.d a tr..t.in 2,470 tries do the same; and the Wilsoa bill pluces apples and. peas miles in length: and the pt'oduct foP 189.2 (3,794.256,75-! feet) was on the free list ab:;olutely. :&,jge:. and s:1lt are made free in both but a little more than lOO ,OOO,WO feet below that of 1881. Two- countries , and the United S t .Ltes otters Canada free oats, oat thirds of the lumb.:lr now mg.nufactured in the Saginaw Valley is meal, wheat, and wheat Uou.r in exchange for like favors. Ores cut f rom Can·-tdian logs. and free lumber will r esult in the trans- of metals are on t oth free lists, and t:iO is wool. fer of the mills to the Canadian side of Lake Huron. It is interesting to note that the party in this country which Instead of cheapening lumber, therefo,e , the Wilson bill will is otl'er ~ ng these concessions to Canada is the party which has .simply lessen the demand for American labor, to the adva.n- denounced thepolicyof protectionasunconstitutionaland which . \ 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3901 is now theoretically en~aged in making a tariff for revE> nue only. that should the Wilson bill become a law the imports from those On the other hand, the party in Canada which is meeting the provinces will be more than doubled. American free trader half way is avowedly the party of high pro Toronto is only 450 miles from New York City, but by Cana. tection and is still engaged in building up what is known in Can dian lines it is over a thousand miles from Halifax, the only ada as the n !ttional policy, the one object of which is to make Canadian port that is open all the year. The distance from St. that country independent of the United States. Paul a nd Minneapolis to Boston and Portland, Me., by way of The Canadi ms have made no mistake. They admit free of the Canadian roads is about the sa.me as to New York, Balti duties only those commodities in the production of which they more, and Philadelphia. E ven now the grain, wool, and other have so much the advantage of us as to prevent us fi·om enter products of Michigan find their way by rail to E ctstern markets ing their markets. They secure from us unlimited m :~. rkets for across the Province of Ontario, and t be ro"1.ds which bring the their surplus products. For these favors they give no conces goods of the East to our merchants traverse Can:tdian terr itory. sions in their t1riff on manufactured articles, bu ~s till maintain The wheat lands of Manitoba. , sep3.rated from Ontario by a their duties at the prohibitive point, and they even go so far as thousand miles of inhospitable co.mtry, find a natural outlet-at to place a bounty of $2 a ton on pig iron. St. Paul and Minneapolis: and British Columbh is n atura lly For the pastfilt een years Canadahas been pursuing the policy tributary to Portland, Oregon, and to San Francisco. To give of shutting the American farmer and manufacturer out of her these Canadian provinces a free or practically free and con markets. How successful she was is told by her minister of venient market for their products, while obtaining nothino- in finance in his speech on presenting the new tariff measure. In return, is not statesmanship, to say the least: o .1878, says Mr. Foster, the people of the United States found in AN ATTEMPT TO REVIVE THE DISCARDED RECIPROCITY TREATY. Canada a market for agricultural products and animals and their produce to the value of over $16,000,000; in 1893 the entire im We are not left to guesswork, nor yet to the figures of Treasury ports into Canada of such products amounted to less than $3,000,- experts, to find how the Wilson bill would affect the trade rela 000. tions between this country and Canada. The Wilson bill is a Again, in 1877 Canada imported, mainly from this country, virtual attempt to obt.1in by coJrdinate legislation in the two $13, ~55 , 079 worth of flour and 2"rain, including pease. In 18\J3 countries, the revival of the provisions of the reciprocitytreaty these importat.ons had been cut down to $1,33 ;:~ ,429. Only so of 1 ~54. In so far as the pending measure deals with Canada, it recently as 181::19- '90 the Canadians took from us $1,734,225 worth is open to all the objections which led to the abrogation of that of bacon, hams and shoulders; last year the amount so imported treaty. was but $452, :H2 in value. · - More than this, the settled and avowed policy of Canada now Not only has Canada shut our farmers out of her markets: she being to build up her own manufactures by shutting out those of has also appeared as our competitor in the markets of Europe. other nations, there is at this time no such excuse for opening More than this, she has entered our own markets, and in spite our markets to Canada's natural products as there was in 1854, of the duties, has firmly established her trade in competition when that country imposed but nominal duties on manufactures. with the American farmer in the marts of the United States. The results of the recip1·ocit.v treaty, however, should be suffi In 1t$93 Canada exported horses valued at $1,461,000, of which cient warning against any endes.vor to revive 'it. amount the value of those sent to this country was $1,123.000; The leading feature of the treaty negotiated by Secreta'ry of $146,000 worth of swine exported we took $133,0()0 worth; of Marcy and Lord Elgin was, that the natural products of the $1,247,000 worth of· sheep our share was $1,038,000; of $il .:!o,OOO United .states and Canada should be ~dmitted to each country,· worth of wood for wood pulp we took all but $15,000 worth; out respectively, free of duty. At the time the treaty took effect of a total of $~J,64:0, 0 00 worth of planks and boards exported (September 11, 1854} C.a.nadian duties on m a.nufactured articles $8,313,000 in value came to the United States; Can ada sent us varied from 5 to 12t per cent. Within three years Canada had $554,()('0 worth of staves and sent $47,000 to the rest of the world; placed duties of from o2t to 100 per cent on our leading- manu- and we took $734,000 worth of shingles, or within $15,000 worth factures. # of the entire export. The effect of these increases was to cut down our exports to From Canada we bought last year $324,000worth of eggs; $52,- that country from over $20,000,000 in 1856 to less than $13,000,- 030 worth of poultry; $24:6,000 worth of wheat; $151,000 worth 000. in 1863. Of the ~239,000,000 worth of Canadian products of oatmeal; $854,000 worth of hay; $78,000 worth of clover and wh1eh entered the Umted States during the continuance of the grass seed; $259,000 worth of potatoes; $422,000 worth of pease, treaty, 94 per cent came in free, while but 58 per cent of the and $228,000 worth of wool. The American farmer is now suf American products sold to Canada crossed the border without fering from oversupply of his products in the markets of the paying heavy tribute. world; and yet the Wilson bill proposes entirely to break down . During the twelve years, w~ile the treaty was in force, the en-. the barriers which have to some extent preserved to our own t1re sales of the people of this country to our Canadian neigh people their home markets. bors-free and dutiable goods, domestic products, and foreign CANADIAN CHEAP LAND AND LABOR. products re :i xported to Canada-aggregated less bv $26,000,000 The Ca.nadian farmer has a double ad vantage over his neigh than the free goods which the Canadians were enabled by the bor a-cross the border. First, his land is worth much less than treaty to sell to the United States. is the land of his competitor; and, secondly, he pays his labor at In the ten years from 1851 to 1861 Canada nearly doubled both least 35 per cent less than American labor is paid. Mr. Joseph ~he amount and the value of her improved land; her wheat crop Nimmo, jr., in answer to questions propounded by the Ways Increased 7~ per cent, and her oat crop 91 oer cent; her timber and Means Committee of the House, has discussed very care advanced more than 50 per cent in value, an-d her exports oi l um fully the question of the comparative costs of production in this ber were more than doubled. country and in the Dominion; and the information on which he Unquestionably the treaty was a decided benefit to Canada, based his conclusions, gathered from abundant sources, was well and had that country shown the least disposition to extend the sifted. reciprocity provisions of the treaty to manufactures in addition He reached this result: Inordertoallowthe NewYorkfarmer to natural products, that treaty would before this have brought to compete successfully with the Ontario farmer, the average rate about the entire abolition of duties between the two countries, of duty on Canadian farm products would have to amount at to the mutual advantage of both. least to 44 per cent, of which 12 per cent represents difference As .is was, th~ Chicago Board of Trade called for a more free in the. value of lands: and 32 per cent represents the excess lat or and hberal treaty; the MilwaukeeChamberof Commerce passed costa m New York. The figures for Michigan would be about resolutions in favor of actual reciprocity, instead of the kind the same; certainly there would not be a smaller discrepancy. brought about by the then existing treaty; the Detroit Board of How cheering, therefore, is the message which the Wilson Trade, fillding that American manufactures were practically bill brings to the Michigan farmer, who is asked to give his shut out of Canada: while Canadian wheat competed on equal Canadian competitor free access to the markets of Detroit C:hi terms with that of Michigan in the markets of New England, cago, New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, or at best to 'allow favored eit.her a broader treaty or none at all; Oswego declared a considerable reduction of the now inadequate duties. - in favor of a customs union. Canada, however, gave no heed to Those persons who h ave not given careful attention to the these requests, and on March 17, 1867, the treaty was terminated location of Canada with relation to this country- fail to aopre at the instance of this Government. Since th.a.t time the trade ci~~ the importance of the competition on the part of the Do· relations between the two counteies have been most unsatisfac mm10n. The natural course o[ Canadian trade is southward. tory. The maritime provinces are cut off from the remainder of the BENEF ITS OF P OLITICAL UNION. Dominion by the State of Maine, which extends 100 miles north The question asked a few days ago by the Senator from Dela of Quebec. New England, with a population about equal to that ware [Mr. GRAY] is a pertinent one. How, he inquired, would of aU Ca~~a, could. e .1sily find a market for all the products of commercial union benefit the farmers of the United States? His the mar1t1me provu~ces, su~h as lumber, coal, gypsum, grind question is itself an argument against the Wilson bill, ~ince it stones, Rnd fish, and m the llght of exper ience it is safe to say involves the admission that the Wilson bill does harm the ~<\m a ri- / 3902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 20;_ can farll."er by reason of allowing the Canadian products to come to the front~ but sopiety estimates its distance from tho brute into this country free of duty. creation by the measure of its success in overcoming- the law of Political union would give to the State of Michigan at least the survival of the fittest. It may be a question as to how 1ar one-third more territory in which to sell manufactures, and this this Government or any government should go in legislating building up of manufactures would in itself cre::tte a greater to furnish work for its citiLens; but t}).ere should be no question market for agriculturall_)roduce. The city of Detroit stretches that to clo3e up the avenues ol employment alre.1.dy ceeated is for 8 miles along the river, and 4 miles from the center of the vicious legislation. . city land is worth $3,00J an acre for manufacturing- purposes, Thirty years of h3.rd labor has m':l.de M.ichigm1 the leader while Canadian land across the three-quarters of a mile of water among the States in the proiuction ol iron ore, lumber, and is worth less than $300 an acre. Political union would change snlt; for ten years her yield per acre of who9.t, oats, corn, bar all this, building up on both sides of the strait the commercial ley, buckwheat, and h ay has been unsurpassed; in the produc facilities which peoximity to navigable water brings about. tion of wool she st~\ nds fourth, and in vessel tonnage she is sur It iS absurd that a stre.1.m which forms the h ighway of a com passed only by New York State, with her combined ocean and merce equal in tonn1ge to th·ttentering the ports of London and lake traffic. Each and every on~ of these industries-with oth Liverpool combined should form a commercial barrier b-3tween ers equally important although perhaps less conspicuous-~s the United States and Cu.nada greater than the Rocky Mountlins threatened by the Wilson bill. As the rc;slllt of a popular wave ever formed between the Pacitic coast and the remairider of the that has already receded the people of Michig m are to bo left country. The manufacture,; of Detroit, r epresenting a c.aplt:l.l stranded amid the wreck of their industries. - Is itstt·ange then of over $-!5,000,000, and paying annu·ll wages in excess of $18,- that from every part of the State, and from Damocrats aR woll 000,0GO,are shut outof a territory to which nature has furnished as Republicans, comes the demand to defeat the Wilson bill. the easiest possible access; but to the products of Canada the Mr. QUAY. Mr. President, I have agreed, with the consent doors are to be opened! · of the Senate, t.o yield the floor to the Senator from Oregon [Mr. It is too much the custom in this country to belittle there DOLPH]. sources and cap:1bllities of our vigorous and ent-erprising neigh Mr. DOLPH addressed the Senate. After having spoken bor on the north. C-tnada is ne .1rly as large as all of Europe, thit·ty-fiye minutes, and-contains more than one-half the fresh waters of the globe, Mr. QUAY (at 5 o'clock p. m. ). Mr. President-- with thousands of miles of coast lines. Her wheat area for the Mr. DOLPH. I will ba through on this point in a moment. highest grades of grain is nearly four times as large as that of Mr. QUAY. Does the Senator from Oregon desire to con- the United St:ttes. Her inexhaustible fisheries, her wealth of clude it this evening? timber, the coal of Nova Scotia, and the immense deposits of Mr. DOLPH. I should like to finish my st9.tement of the iron ore in Ontario and Quebec, all await only the free markets census :figures. of this country for their development. Mr. CULLOM. It is 5 o'clock. Those markets the Wilson bill proposes to open; and none are Mr. DOLPH. Very well; I will yield at this time and retain more surpris .d a.t the offer than are the Unionists of Canada. the floor for to-morrow. Mr. Elgin Meyers, Q. C., of Toronto, in an address delivered be [Mr. DOLPH's speech will bo published entire after it shall fore the .Michigan Club, on May 24, 1893, said: have been concluded.] Reform politicians are now telling the people or Canada. that there is, with the present Cleveland Administration, a chance o1 destroying the tari.1r wn.ll AMENDMENT OF THE RULES. that separates Ca.n.a.da from the Un.iteu States. ·wall- r. GRAY. I desire to give notice of a motion to amend the He continues- rUles of the Senate. if you are willing to give Canadians all the benefits of the American conti The VICE-PRESIDENT. The notico will be read.. nent without their assuming :my of its responsibilities, it will be another indl'.!n.ti on tha.t you are a. gre \t-hea:·ted people; and no ouA would rejoice if The Secretary read as follows: pro3perity should follow more than the Unionists or Canada; bu\ it wonld I hereby give not.ic., t.hat I shall move to amend the standing rules ot the postpone union for some time. Senate, by adding as an additional paragraph to Rule XIX the following: "4, No Senator shall read a. speech, nor shall he rea from any book or In the short and sharp political battle that was fought in Can paper except it may be to quote an authority or illustr- a point or argu ada in 1890, the Tories took their stand for reciprocity with the ment which he i'l making, wi&hout. unanimous consent." United St!ttes, limited to the natural proju~ts of both countries. The Liberals were beaten only by a narrowm·tjority on the issue The VICE-PRESIDENT. The proposed a endment of ·the that the c:1stom-houses along the border from the Atlantic to the rules will be referred to the Committee on Rules. Pacific be abolished, and that a uniform tariff be made for both HOUSE BILL REFERRED. countries. The bill (H. R. 6055) to authorize the construction of a bridge It is politic:tl, notcommercial, union that promises the greatest over the Monongahela River in the city of Pitlsburg, was read a4vantage to goth co~D:tries; for the American lives only under twice by its title and referred. to the Committee on Commerce. his own flag, a!'ld unt1l1t leads the way across the border, Can- ' ada, with all her undeveloped wealth, has no charms for him. EXECUTIVE SESSION. But political union would dot Canada with American cities, en- ' Mr. HARRIS. I move that tne Senate proceed to the con larging our markets and augmenting the opportunities for em- sideration of executive business. ployment. · The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the THE ULTIMATE DESTINY o:J' CANADA. consideration of executive business. After fourteen minutes On two occasions the best portion of Canada was almost in the spent in executive session the doors were reopened, and (at 5 grasp of the United States. In 177 ~ the Congress sent to our o'clock and 15 minutes p.m.) the Senate adjourned until to minister to France an ultimatum that the new boundaries of morrow1 Satllrday, April21, 1894, atl2 o'clock meridian. this country should be run so as to bring the present Province of Ontario within our limits. Again, in l dl2, nothing but as tounding cowardice on the part of Gen. Hull prevented the con NOMINATIONS. quest of that country, whose inhabitants were not unwilling to E7~cutive nominations ?'eceived, by the Senate April ~o, 189f:.. become American citizens. Some day the failures of diplomacy and the b undet·s of war will be retrieved. PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY. No Amerio m c •.n do.1bt that the ultimate destiny of Canada Cavalry arm. is to become a part of tho United Sta.tes. That d ay will be a First Lieut. James Lockett, adjutant Fourth Cavali·y, to be welcome one to the peop ~ e of Michigan, who are now hemmed captain, Aprill4, 189!, vice Wo )d, Fourth Cavalry, deceased. in on the e·tst by a territory with wnich there are no fair ex Second Lieut. ThollillS H. Slavens, Fourth Cavalry, to be first changes. To the people of the Dominion. a so, a union with the lieutenant1 April 15, 1894, vice Hodgson, Sixth Cavalry, ap United States would be advantageous in the highest degree. pointed ::~ ssistant auartermaster. They would awake to find themselves wealthy and prosperous - To rank from February 27, 1890: beyond all present possibilities. To the dreamers of a great northern empire, the lovers of polit To be b?'iyadier-general by brevet. ical power for its own sake, to the Tory p.1rty of Canada, annex Maj. Edwin C. Mason, Twenty-first Infantry, breve~ colonel ation me ::~.ns annihilation. To them in their extremity the \Vii United States Army now colonel Third In!antry), for gallant son bill comes - as it come to e very foreign nation-bringing and meritorious sel'vice in action ag-ainst Indians in the L a.va joy in the prospect of la1·ger mat·kets and greater profits, while Beds, California, April17, 1873, and fo r gallant service in action ,to our own people its portion is smaller wages and restricted agllnst Indians at the Clearwater, Idahol J uly 11 and 1:?, 1877. activities. Lieut. Col. Willia.m B. Ho•{al, Third Cavalry, b.;evet colonel Our civilization has re:1ched the point a.t which that man may United States Army (now colonel retired ), fer gallti.Ilt service in be counted h'l.ppy who is sure of steady employment and ade action against Indians on Rosebud Crc ~ k. Montann., on Junu 17, quate pay. The exceptionally strong will make their own way 1876. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3903 J Capt. Guy V~ Henry, Third Cavalry, brevet colonel United United States Army (now major Ordnance Department), for gal States ~rmy (now lieutenant-colonel Seventh Cavalry), for gal lant service in action against Indians on the C<>lumbL.1. ·River, lant and meritorious service in action against Indians on Rose Oregon, July 8, 1878. · bud Creek, Montana., June 17, 1876, where he was severely Capt. Adna R. Chaffee, Sixth Cavalry, brevet major United wounded. States Army (now major Ninth Ca,valry), for gallant service in Maj. Andrew W. Evans, Third Cavalry, brevetcolonel United leading a cavalry charge over rough and precipitous bluffs held States Army {now lieutenant-colonel retired), for gallant ~erv by Indians on the Red River, Texas, August 30, 18H, and for ice in action against Indians at Big Dry Wash, Arizona, July 17, gallant service in action against Indians at the Big Dry Wash, · 1882. Arizona, July 17, H8~. Maj. John Green, First Cn.valry, brevet lieutenant-colonel Capt. James Jackson, First Cavalry, brevet major United United States Army (now lieutenant-colonel retired), for gal States Army (now major Second Cavalry), fm.· gallant and meri lant service in action against Indians in the Lava Beds, Califor torious service in action against Indians during the Modoc war, nia, January 17, HS13, and for conspicuous gallantry in the sev especially in the action on Lost River, Oregon, November 29, eral actions during the Modoc war. 1>,72, and for gallant service in action against Indians at the Maj. Lewis Merrill, Seventh Cavalry, brevet colonel United Cle:trwater, Idaho, July 12, 1877. . States Army (now lieutenant-colonel reth·ed) for gallant service Capt. Wirt Davis, Fourth Cavalry, brevet maior United States in action against Indians at Canon Creek, Montana, September Army (now major Fifth Cavalry l for gallant service in action 13, 1877. against Indians on the North .b'ork of Red River, Texas, Sep Capt. Frederick W. Benteen, Seventh Cavalry, brevet colonel tember 29, 1872, and in action against Indians in the Big Horn United States Army (now major retired), for gallant service in Mountains, Montana, November 25, 1876. action against Indians on the Little Big' Horn, Montana, June F irst Lieut. John B. Babcock, Fifth Cavalry, brevet major 25 and 26, 187ti, and in action against Indians at Canon Creek, United States Army (nowmajorand assistantadjutmt--gen .... ra.l), Montana, September 13, 1877. for g ~'t llant service in actions against Indians at Tonto Creek, Arizona, June 16, 1873, and at Fom Peaks, Arizona, January To be colonel by btc-vet. 16.1874. Maj. Charles E. Compton, Sixth Cavalry, brevet lieutenant Maj. Alfred E. Latimer, Fourth Cavalry (now major retired), colonel United States Army (now colonel Foul'th Cavalry), for for gallant service in action against Indians on the North Fork distinguished service in leading a cavalry b a,ttalion in a gallant of Red River, Texas, September ~}1, 1872. and succes';ful charge in action against Indians on the Red Capt. Tullius C. Tupper, Sixth Cavalry, brevet ma~ or, United River, Texas, Aug-ust 30, 1874. S tates Army (now ma.or retired I , for gallant service in success C..1.pt. Anson Mills, Third Cavalry, brevet lieutenant-colonel fully leading a cavalry charge a~ainst Indians in the a~tion on United Stat s Army (now colonel Third Cavalry), for gallant Red River, Texas, August 30.1874, and for ga·lant service in ac service in action against Indians at Slim Buttes, Dakota, Sep tion against Indians at the Las Animas-Mountains, New Mex- tember 9, lts76. ico, April28, 1882. · Maj. John Green, First Cavalry, brevet lieutenant-colonel Capt. Wyllys Lyman, Fifth Infantry, brevet ma~or, United United Stat ~ s Army (nmvlieutenant colonel retired}, for gall-ant States Army (now ma~ or rethed), for gallant service in the ac service in action against Indians at Mount Turnbull, Arizona, tions against Indians on the Upper Washita River, Texas, Sep April30, 1869. tcmbel' ~~ 10, and 11, 1874. Capt. Marcus P. Miller, Fourth .Artillery~ brevet lieutenant C.:1 pt. James M. Bell, Seventh Cavalry, brevet major, United colonel United St:ltes Army (now ma. or Fiith Artillery}, for Stat s Army, for gallant service in action against Indians at gallant and meritorious service in action against Indians in the Canon Creek, :Mon tana, September 13,1877. Lava Bedst California,. April 17, 1873_, and for special gallantry First Lieut. Allan H. Jackson, Seventh Infantryt brevet major, and ltlilitary ability in action against Indians at the Clearwater, Unit-ed States Army 'now captain, Se~·enth . Infantry}, for gal- - Idaho, July 11 and 12, 1877. lant service in action against Indians at the Big Hole, Montana, Capt. George M. Randall, Twenty-third Infantry, brevet major August 9,1877. . United States Army (now major Fourth Infantry), for gallant First Lieut. Charles C. Cresson, First Cavalry, brevet major, service in action against Indians near Pinal, Ariz .. March 8, United States Army (now first lieutenant, retired), for gallant 1874, and for distinguished services during the campaign against and meritorious service in action against Indians at the Lava Indians in Arizona in 1874:. Beds CaliforniatApril J7, 1873, and for gallant servica in action To be lieute·nant-colonel by brevet. against Indians at Camas Meadows, Idaho: August 20,1877. Maj. George M. Sternberg, surgeon (now brigadier-general, To be major by b?·evet. Surgeon-General!, for gallant service in the performance of his Capt. Henry C. Hasbrouck, Fourth Artillery (now major professional duty unJer fire, in action against Indians, at the Fourth Artillery), for gallant service in action against Indians Clearwater, Idaho, July 12, ll:$77. at Sorass Lake. California, May 10, lt173. Capt. DavidS. Gordon, Second Cavalry, brevet major, United Capt. Simon Snyder, Fifth Infantry (now colonel Nineteenth States Army (now colonel Sixth Cavalry), for gallant service in Infantry), for gallant service in action against Indians at Bear actionagainstJndians at Miner's Delight, Wyoming, May -1,1870. Paw Mountain, Montanat September 30, 1877. Capt. George M. Brayton, Eighth Infantry, brevet major, Capt. Evan Miles, Twenty-first Infantry lnow lieutenant-col United States Army (now colonel retired), for gallant service in onel Twentieth Infant-ry), for gallant service in action against actions against Indians in Arizona, June 25, 1875, July 4, 1875, Indians attheClearwater,Idaho, July 11 and 12,1877, and against January 10,1877, January 21, 1877, and January 30, ]877. Indians at the Um1tilla Agency, Oregon, July 13, 1878. Capt. James S. Casey, Fifth Infantry, brevet ma:or, United Capt. Edmond Butler, Fifth infantry (now lieutenant-colonel, States Army (now lieutenant colonel First Infantry). for con retired), for conspicuous gallantry in leading his command in a spicuous galla.n try in leading his command in a successful charge successful charge against a superior number of Indians, strongly , ag-ainst a superior number of Indians, strongly posted, at Wolf posted, at Wolf Mountain, Montana, January 8,.1877. Mountain, Montana, .Tanuary 8, 1817. C.1pt. Henry McElderry, assistant surgeon (now major, sur Capt. Richard Comba, Seventh Infantry, brevet major, United geon), for gallant service in action against Indians at the Lava States Army (now lientenmt colonel Twelfth Infantry), for gal Beds, California, Janu~ry 17, 1 73, and for meritorious services lant service in actions agam.st Indians at the Big Hole, Mon in action a.gainst Indians near the Double Mountain Fork oi the tana, August 9. 1817. Brazos River, Texas, May 7, 18o9. Capt. John M. Bacon, Ninth Cavalry, brevet major United Capt. Thomas McGregor, First Cavalry (now major Second States Army (now lieutenant-colonel First Cavalryl, for galLmt Cavalry), for gallant service in action against Indians at the service in the actions against Indiana-on the Rio Pecos, Texas, S.mta Maria Mountains1 Arizona, May 6, 1873. June 7, 1869, and near the headwaters of the Sa.l.t Fork of the Capt. Henry Carroll, Ninth Cavalry (now major First Cav Brazos River, Texas, October 23 and 2.~, 1869. alry), for gallant service in action ag.:1inst lndians on the Main Capt.CurwenB.McLellan,SixthCavalry. brevetm!tjor, Uni ed Fork of the Brazos River, Texas, September lti, 186. , and again:;t . , - States Army now lieu ten ,nt-colonel retired), for gallant service Indians in the San Andreas Mounttins, New Mexico, April 7, in action again3t Indians in the San Andreas Mountains, New 1(;?:-0, where be was severely wounded. Mexico, April 7, 18~0, and in action against Indians near Red Capt. William A. Ratl'erty, Sixth Cavalry (now major Second River. Jni i:m Territory, An<.;ust 30, 1874. Cavalry), for gallant s ~ rvice in actions agd.inst Indians on t.he Capt. George M. Randall, Twenty-third Infantry, brevet major, Little Wichita River', Texas, O.:::tob.3r 5, UHO, and in the Hatchet United States Army (now major Fourth Infantry), for gallant Mountains, New Mexico, April28, 1882. service in actionEl against Indians at Turret Mountain, Arizona, Capt. Emil Adam, Fitth Cavalry (now major, retired), for gal March 27, 1873, and at Diamond Butte, Arizona~ April 22, 1813. lant service in action against Indians at Muchos Canons, Ari ~ · Capt. John A. Kress, Ordnance .Department, brevet major zona, September 25, 1872. I , . 3904 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 20, Capt. Myles Mo.vlan, Seventh Cavalry (now major, retired), Capt. Charles Bendire, First C!tvalry (now C!tptain retired), for gallant service in action against Indians at Bear Paw Moun for gallan tservice in action against the Indians at Canyon Creek, tain, Montana, September ~0, 1877, where he was severely Montana, September 13, 1877. wounded. Capt. Eugene A. Bancroft, Fourth Artillery (now captain re Capt. Camillo C. C. Carr, First Cavalry (now major Eighth tired), for gallant service in actions against Indians at Clear Cavalry), for gallant service in 'action against Indians at Camas water, Idaho, July 11 and 12, 1877, where he was severely Meadows, Idaho, August 20, 1877. wounded. Capt. Ezra P. Ewers, Fifth Infantry (now major Ninth In Capt. Randolph Norwood, Second Cavalry (now captain re fantry ), for gallant service in action against Indians under Ceazy tired •, for gallant service in action against Indians at Camas Horse on the Tongue River, Montana, January 8, 1877. Meadows, Idaho, August 20, 1877, and for gallantry in action Capt. James N. Wheelan, Second Cavalry (now major Eighth against Indian :> on the Rosebud, MontiDa, May i, lt:577. Cavalry), for gallant service in action against Indians on the Capt. Lemuel A. Abbott, Sixth Cavalry (now captain, retired), Rosebud, Montana, May 7, 1877 . · for gallant service in action against Indians at Big Dry Wash, Capt. Adam Kramer, Sixth Cavalry (now ma.jor Sixth Cav Arizona, J uly 17, 1S8~. alry), for gallant service in actions against Indians at Ash S3cond Lieut. Edmund R.P. Shurly, Twenty-seventh Infantry, Creek. Arizona, May 6, 1880, and at Big Dry Wash, Arizona: brevet captain, United States Army (now first lieutenant, re July 17, 1882. tired), for gallant service in the successful defense of a Govern Capt. Robert H. Montgomery, Fifth Cavalry (now major, re ment supply train against a lal'ge force of lndLms, near Goose tired), for gallant service in action against Indians at Muchos Creek, Dakota, November 4, 1867, where he was severely Canons, Arizona, September 2.5, 1872, and in a scout made by wo ~; nded. him through Tonto Basin, Arizona, during the months of No Capt. Arthur Morris, Fourth Artillery (since deceased), for vember and December, 1874. g allant service in actions against Indians at the Clearwater, Capt. Charles W. Miner, Twenty-second Infantry, for gallant Idaho, Jul.v 11 and 12, 1877. service in action against Indians at Spring Creek, Montana, Oc- First Lieut. Patrick Cusack, Ninth Cavalry, brevet captain, tober 15 and 16, 1876. • United States Army (since decea'3ed}, for gallant service in ac First Lieut. Frank D. B:tldwin, Fifth Infanky (now captain tion against Indians in the San Andreas Mountain~:~, New Mex- Fifth Infantry), for a gallant and successful attack on Sitting ico, April 7, 1880. • Bulls camp of Indians on Big Dry River, Monta,na, December To be captain by brevet. 18, 1876, and for conspicuous gallantry in action against Indians at Wolf Mountain. Montana, January 8, 1877. First Lieut. Charles P. Ea.gan, Twelth Infantry (now major, First Lieut. John G. Bourke, Third Cavalry (now captain commissary of sub3istence), for gallant service in action against rrhird Cavalry) fo r gallantry in :!tn attack on Indians on Powder Indians in the Lava Beds, California, April 17, 1873, whera he River, Montana, March 17, 1876, and in action against Indians was wounded. . on Ro3ebud Creek, Montana, June 17, 1876. First Lieut. Chq,rles F. Humphrey, Fourth Artillery (now First Lieut. John L. Bullis, Twenty-foul'th Infantry (now cap rr.ajor, quartermaster), for gallant service in action against In tain Twenty-fourth Infantry), for gallant service in action dians at the Clearwater, Idaho, July 11,1877. against Indians near Saragossa, Mex., July :30,1876, and in ac First Lieut. Charles A. Woodruff, Seventh Infantry (now tion against Indians in the Burro Mountains, Mexico, May 3,1881. major, commissary ofsub3istence), for gallant seryice in action Capt. James M. J. Sanno. Seventh In fan try, for gallant -service againstindians at the Big Hole, Montana, 'August 9,1877, where in action against Indians at the Big Hole, Montana, August 9, he was three times wounded. 1877. First Lieut. Frank D. Baldwin, FHth Infantry (now captain Capt. Alexander B. MacGowan; Twelfth Infantry, for gallant Fifth Infantry), for gallant service in actions against Indians on service against Indians in their attack on Fort Apache, Ariz., the Salt Fork of the Red River, Texas, August ;jO, 1874, and on September 1,1881. McLellan's Creek, Texas, November 8, 1874. Capt. Charles Porter, Eighth Infantry, for gallant service in First Lieut. William Conway, Twenty-second Infantry (now actions against Indians in Arizona, August 15, 1876, October 4, captain, Twenty-second Infantt-y), for g allant service in action 1876, and January 7, 1878, and in action against Indians in Ari against Indians at Spring Creek, Montana, October 15 and 16: zona, April 3, 1878. 1876. Capt. Mott Hooton, Twenty-second Infantry, for gallant serv First Lieut. William A. Thompson, Fourth Cavalry (now cap ice in action against Indians at Spring Craek, Montana, October tain Fourth Cavalry), for gallant service in actions against In 15 and 1(), 1876. dians in the canon near Red River. Texas, September '!.7 and 28, Capt. Constant Williams, Seventh Infantry, for gallant serv 1874, and at Las L agunas Quatro, Texas, November 5, 18'14. ice in action against Indians at the Big Hole, Montana, August First Lieut. Joshua W. Jacobs, Seventh Infantry tnowcaptain 9, 1R77, where he was twice wounded. and assistant quartermaster), for gallant and meritol'ious ser v Capt. Stephen P. Jocelyn, Twenty-first Infantry, for conspic ices in reconnaissance and action against Indians at the Big I uous gallantry in action against Indians at the Clearwater, Idaho, Hole, Montana, August 8 and 9, 1877. July 11 and 12, 1877. Secoud Lieut. John G. Bourke, Third Cavalry (now captain, Capt. Henry J. Nowlan, Seventh Cavalry, for gallant service Third Cavalry), for gallant service in action against Indians at in action against Indians at Canon Creek, Montana, September the Caves, Arizona, December 28, 1872, and in the campaign 13,1877. against Indians in Arizona, April, 1873. Capt. Ed warO. S. Godfrey, Seventh Cavalry, for gallant service First Lieut. Hiram H. Ketchum, T wenty-second Infantry (now in action against Indians at Bear Paw Mountain, Montana, Sep captain Twenty-second Infantry), for gallant sel'vice in action tember 30, 1877, where he was wounded. against Indians near the mouth of the Big Horn River , Montana, Capt- Charles A. Coolidge, Seventh Infantry, for gallant serv August 11, 1843. ice in action against Indians at the Big Hole, Montana, August First Lieut. Abram E. Wood, Fourth Cavalry (since deceased), 9, 1877, where he was three times wounded. for gallant service in actions against Indians at Sand Creek, First Lieut. Mason Carter, Fifth Inhntry, brevet captain, Kans., Septemher21, 1878,andatPunished Women sFork, Kans., United States Army (now captain Fifth Infantry), for gallant September 27, 1878. service in action against Indians at Bear Paw Mountain, Mon First Lieut. Eugene D. Dimmick, Ninth Cavalry (now captain tana, September 30, 1877. Ninth Cavalry), for gallant service in action against Indians in Capt. Charles A. P. Hatfield, Fourth Cavalry, for gallant serv the Black Range Mountains, New Mexico, September ~3, 1879. -ice in action against Indians in the a ttack on Geronimo:s camp, First Lieut. Earl D. Thomas, Fifth Cavalry (now capt::tin, Fifth in the Santa Cruz Mountains, in Mexico, May 16, 1886. Cavalry), for gallant service in action against India.ns at The First Lieut. Henry Romeyn, Fifth Infantry, brevet captain, Caves, Arizona, December 28, 1872, and for distinguished serv United States Army (now captain Fifth Infantry}, for gallant ices in the campaign against Inqians in Arizona, April, 1874. service in action against Indians at their village in Bear Paw First Lieut. Martin B. Hughes, Ninth Cavalry (now capt1in Mountain, Montana, September 30, 1877, where he was severely Ninth Cavalry), for gallant service in action against Indians in wounded. the San Andreas Mountains, New .Mexico, April 7,1 80. Capt. Stephen G. Whipple, First Cavalry (now captain re First Lieut. Henry W. Sprole, Eighth Cavalry (now captain tired), for gallant service in action against Indhns at the Clea.r Eighth Cavalry), for gallant service in the pursuit of Indians water.ldaho, July 11 and 12, 1877. on the Washita River, Texas, October 14 and 15, 187-+, and in Capt. Alfred B. Taylor, Fifth Cavalry (now c :1ptain retired), the a.ction against Indians on Muster Creek, rrexas, November for gallant service in action against Indians at the Caves, Ari 29, 1874. , zona, December 28, 1872. First Lieut. William C. Manning, Twenty-third Infantry (now Capt. Robert Pollock, Twenty-first Infantry (now captain re captain Twenty-third Infantry), for gallant service in action tired), for marked bravery and gallant service in ao1:io:r. against against Indians at Mazatzal Mountains, Arizona, December 13, Indians at the Clearwater, Idaho, July 11 and 12, J i .7. U172. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. 3905 First Lieut. John L. Bullis, Twenty-fourth Infantry (now cap service in action against Indians in the Big Horn Mountains tain Twenty-fourth Infantry), for gallant service in actions Montana, November 25,1876. ' against Indians at ~molina, Mexico, .May 18; 1873, and on the First Lieut. John W. Wilkinson, Seventh Cavalry (since de Pecos River, Texas, April26,.1875. ceas~d ) , for gallant service in action against Indians at Canyon First Lieut. Walter S. Schuyler, Fifth Cavalry (now captain GreeK, Montana! September 13, 1877. Fifth Cavalry), for gallantry in action against Indians in the Big To be ji1·st lieutenant by brevet& Horn Mountains, Montana, November 25, 1876. First Lieut. Benjamin C. Lockwood, Twenty-second Infantry S_econd Lieut. Charles Morton, Third Cavalry (now captain (now ca.ptain T wenty-second Infantry), for gallant service in Thn·d Cavalry), for g allant service in action ao-ainst Indians in action against Indians at_Spring Creek, Montana, October 15 and tbeTonto country,Arizona, June 51 1871. o 16, 1876 .. _Second Lieut. Earl D. Thomas, Fifth Cavalry (now captain First Lieut. William F. Stewart, Fourth Artillery (now cap Fifth Cavalry), for gallant service in action against Indians tain Four th Artillery), for gallant service in action against neP.r Fort McPherson, Nebraska, June 8, 1870. Indians at ~be Cle arwater~ Idaho, July 11 and 12, 1877. ?eco!ld Lieut. Frazier A . Boutelle, First Cavalry (now cap· First Lieut. Peter Boehm, Fol!rth Cavalry (now captain re tam F1;st Cavalry), for gallantry in action against Indians at tired), for g allant service in action against Indians on the Brazos Lo3t River, Oregon, November 2\J, 1872, andforconspicuous gal River, Texas, October 28 and 29, 1869; for special gallantry in lantry and meritorious conduct during the whole Modoc War. action on the same river, October 10, 1871, and for gallant con _Second Lieut. WalterS. Schuyler, Fifth Cavalry (now captain duct in action against Indians on the Red Rive1· , Texas, Septem Fifth Cavalry), for gallant service in actions against Indians, at ber 29, 1872. Mu_chos Canyons, Arizona, September 25, 1872; on Lost River1 First Lieut. John Ls.fferty, Eighth Cavalry (now captain re Arizona, June 26, 1873; at Salt River, Arizona, April 28, 1874 tired ~ , for gallant service in actions against Indians in the Black and in the ?ed Rock country, Arizona, May 14, 1874. ' Slate Mount :ti~s, Neva Second Lieut. Frederick W . Sibley, Second Cavalry(nowcap POSTMASTERS. tain Second Cavalry), for gallant service in action against In George H . Moocl.y, to be postmaster atMechan~csburg, in the diails on the Little Bi(7 Horn River, Montana, July 7, 1876. county of Champaign and State of Ohio. Second Lieut. Alfred M. Fuller, Second Cavalry (now captRin Oscar N . Marihugh, to be postmaster at Middleport, in the Second Cavalry), for gallant service in action against Indians on county of Meigs and State of Ohio. the Rose bud, Montana, May 7, 1877, where he was wounded. William T. Haviland, to be postmaster at Bellefontaine, in the Second Lieut. Edwn.rd E. Hardin, Seventh Infantry (now first county of Logan and State of Ohio. lieutenant Seventh Infantry), for gallant service in aetion John L. Davis, t o be postmaster at Shawnee, in the county of aO'ainst Indians at the Big Hole, Montana, August 9, 1877. Perry and State of Ohio. "'second Lieut. James D. Nickerson, Seventeenth Infantry (now C. L. Russell, to be postmaster at Mount Gilead, in the county first lieutenant Seventeenth Infantry), for gallant service in of Morrow and State o£ Ohio. action against Indians at Spring Creek, Montana, October·15 and Ulrich B. Newman, to be postmaster at Greenfield, in the 16, 1876. county of Highland and State of Ohio. Second Lieut. Herbert J. Slocum, Seventh Cavalry (now first J ohn Vj. Morrow, to be postmaster at Ada, in the county of lieutenant SeventhCavalry),forgallantservicein ac·tionagainst · Hardin and State of Ohio. Indians at Canyon Creek, Montana, Sep~mber 13, 1877. Benjamin F. Wintersteen, to be postmaster at Akron, in the Second Lieut. Augustus P. Blackson, Six~h qavalr:y- (now ~rst county of Plymouth and State of Iowa. lieutenant Sixth Cavalry), for gallant servwe m actwn agamst George R. Howard, to be postmaster at Neola, in the county Indians at Ash Creek, Arizona, May 7, 1880. of Pottawattamie and State of Iowa. Second Lieut. George L. Converse, jr., Third 9av~lry (~ow James Trotter, to be postmaster at Steubenville, in the county first lieutenant Third Cavalry), for gallant serviCe ill actwn of Jefferson and State of Ohio. against Indians at Big Dry Wash, Arizona, July 17, 1882, where Edward C. Holt, to be postmaster at Anamosa, in the county he was severely wounded. of Jones and Stn.te of Iowa. Second Li-eut. Stephen C. Mills, Twelfth Infantry _(now :?-rst William W . Smith, to be postmastet• at Leipsig, in the county lieutenant Twelfth Infantry), for gallant se.rvice m a.cti_ons of Putnam a.nd State of Ohio. _ against Indians in the San An~reas Mount~ills, New Mex~co, George T. Roof, to be postmaster at Corning, in the county of April7, 1880, and in the Las Arumas Mountams, New Mex1co, Perry and State of Ohio. . . April 28, 1882. John H. Thomas, to be postmaster at Marwn, ill the county of Second Lieut. George H . Morgan, Thir~ C~valr~ (now f?.rst Marion and State of Ohio. . . lieutenant Third Cavalry), for gallant service m act10n ag·amst John W . Alsop, to be postmaster at Galion, in the county of In-dians at Big Dry Wash, Arizona, July 17, 1882, where he was Crawford and State of Ohio. severely wounded. Charles H . Scott, to be postmasteratFarmington, in the county Second Lieut. William C. Brown, First Cavalry (now first of Van Buren and State of Iowa. lieutenant First Cavalry), for gallant service in ~tion against John Lynch, to be postmaster n.t Liberty, in the county of Indians at Big Creek, Idaho, August 19, 1879, and m the recon Union and Sta.te of Indiana. naissances of August 17 and September 25, 1879. John M. Higgs, to be postmaster at Connersville, in the county Second Lieut. Louis H. Orleman, Tenth Cavalry (now first of Fayette and State of India.na. lieutenant retired), for gallant service in actions against In G. Frew Pollock, to be postmaster at Cardington, in the count-y dians at Beaver Creek, Kansas, October 18~ 1863, and at the of Morrow and State of Ohio. Wichita Agency, Ind. T., August 2"2, 1874. Thomas J. Francisco, to be postm:1ster at Cuyahoga Falls, in Second Lieut:Robert G. Carter, Fourth Cavalry (now first lieu the county of Summit and State of Ohio. . tenant retired), for specially gallant conduct in action against John I. Hoover, to be postmaster at Wabash, in the county of Indians on the Brazos River, Texas, October 10, 1871. Wabash and State of Indiana. Second Lieut. Cha.rles Braden, Seventh Cavalry (now first Henry Roeser, to be postmaster at Marietta, in the count.y of lieutenant retired), for gallant and meritorious services in action Washington and State of Ohio. . : . against Indians on the Big Horn RiTer, Montana, August 11, William E. Burch, to be postmaster at Hawkinsville, ill the 1873, where he was severely wounded. · county of Pulaski and State of Georgia. Second Lieut. Robert H . Young, Fourth Infantry (now first Edward Finn, to be po3tmaster at West Winsted, in the lieutenant retired) for gal12.nt service in actioh against Indians county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut. near Fort Fred Steele, Wyo., March 22, 1869. Pratt K . Mapel, to be postmaster at Columbus Grove, in ~he Second Lieut. Bainbridge Reynolds, Third C valry (naw out county of Putnam and State of Ohio. of service), for gallant service in action against Indians at the Albert G. Ahlefeld, to be po3tmaster at Kenton, in the county Rose bud, Montana, June 17, 1876. of Hardin and State of Ohio. Second Lieut. Ed ward W. Casey, Twenty-second Infantry (since Alvah R!tymond, to be postmaster at South Weymouth, in the deceased), for gallant service inaction against Indians on Muddy county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts. Creek, Montana, May 7, 1877. . Gardner W. Pearson, to be postmaster at Lowell, in the county Second Lieut. Francis Woodbridge, Seventh Infantry (sillce of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts. deceased), for gallant service in action against Indians at the Patrick H . Murphy, to be postmaster at Ashland, in the county Big Hole, Montana, August 9, 1877. of Ashland and State of Ohio. Second Lieut. Edward S. Farrow, Twenty-first Infantry (now Mulford M. Scudder, to be postmaster at Westfield, in the out of service), for gallant service in action~ against Indi.a_ns at county of Union and State of New Jersey. Big Creek, Idaho, August 19, 1879, and at ~hg Meadows, Ictaho, John E. Yates, to be postmaster at Gallatin, in the county of October 8, 1879. . Daviess and State of Missouri. Second Lieut. Powhatan H. Clarke, Tenth Cavalry (sm.ce de ceased), for gallant service in act!on.s again~t Indians ~ear Salt Exeeuti'ue nomination confirmed by the Senate Ap1·il 20: 189ft.. River, Ariz., March 7! 1890, and m the Pemto Mountams, Mex • POSTMASTER. ico, May 3, 1886. Isaace B. Williams, to be postmaster at Paris, in the county of Henry and State of Tennessee. CONFIRMATIONS. Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate April1'l, 1894. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. PROMOTION IN THE ARMY. Cavalry a1·m. FRIDAY, April 20, 1894. Second Lieut. P. D. Lochridge, Second Cavalry, to be first The House met atl2o'clock m. P1·ayer by the Chaplain, Rev. lieutenant. E.B.BAGBY. . SURVEYOR OF OUSTO:M:S. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. M. A. Frawley, of Iowa, to be surveyor of customs for theport SAl\iUEL COFFMAN, DECEASED, VS . THE UNITED S'l'ATES. of Burlington, in the State of Iowa. The SPEAKER laid before the .House a copy of the findings COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. of the Court of Claims in the case of Samuel Coffman, d~ceased, Emil Olund, of Minnesota, to be c