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The Transformation of Italian Democracy
Bulletin of Italian Politics Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009, 29-47 The Transformation of Italian Democracy Sergio Fabbrini University of Trento Abstract: The history of post-Second World War Italy may be divided into two distinct periods corresponding to two different modes of democratic functioning. During the period from 1948 to 1993 (commonly referred to as the First Republic), Italy was a consensual democracy; whereas the system (commonly referred to as the Second Republic) that emerged from the dramatic changes brought about by the end of the Cold War functions according to the logic of competitive democracy. The transformation of Italy’s political system has thus been significant. However, there remain important hurdles on the road to a coherent institutionalisation of the competitive model. The article reconstructs the transformation of Italian democracy, highlighting the socio-economic and institutional barriers that continue to obstruct a competitive outcome. Keywords: Italian politics, Models of democracy, Parliamentary government, Party system, Interest groups, Political change. Introduction As a result of the parliamentary elections of 13-14 April 2008, the Italian party system now ranks amongst the least fragmented in Europe. Only four party groups are represented in the Senate and five in the Chamber of Deputies. In comparison, in Spain there are nine party groups in the Congreso de los Diputados and six in the Senado; in France, four in the Assemblée Nationale an d six in the Sénat; and in Germany, six in the Bundestag. Admittedly, as is the case for the United Kingdom, rather fewer parties matter in those democracies in terms of the formation of governments: generally not more than two or three. -
October 22, 1962 Amintore Fanfani Diaries (Excepts)
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified October 22, 1962 Amintore Fanfani Diaries (excepts) Citation: “Amintore Fanfani Diaries (excepts),” October 22, 1962, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Italian Senate Historical Archives [the Archivio Storico del Senato della Repubblica]. Translated by Leopoldo Nuti. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/115421 Summary: The few excerpts about Cuba are a good example of the importance of the diaries: not only do they make clear Fanfani’s sense of danger and his willingness to search for a peaceful solution of the crisis, but the bits about his exchanges with Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Carlo Russo, with the Italian Ambassador in London Pietro Quaroni, or with the USSR Presidium member Frol Kozlov, help frame the Italian position during the crisis in a broader context. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: Italian Contents: English Translation The Amintore Fanfani Diaries 22 October Tonight at 20:45 [US Ambassador Frederick Reinhardt] delivers me a letter in which [US President] Kennedy announces that he must act with an embargo of strategic weapons against Cuba because he is threatened by missile bases. And he sends me two of the four parts of the speech which he will deliver at midnight [Rome time; 7 pm Washington time]. I reply to the ambassador wondering whether they may be falling into a trap which will have possible repercussions in Berlin and elsewhere. Nonetheless, caught by surprise, I decide to reply formally tomorrow. I immediately called [President of the Republic Antonio] Segni in Sassari and [Foreign Minister Attilio] Piccioni in Brussels recommending prudence and peace for tomorrow’s EEC [European Economic Community] meeting. -
Chapter One: Introduction
CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF IL DUCE TRACING POLITICAL TRENDS IN THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN MEDIA DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF FASCISM by Ryan J. Antonucci Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2013 Changing Perceptions of il Duce Tracing Political Trends in the Italian-American Media during the Early Years of Fascism Ryan J. Antonucci I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Ryan J. Antonucci, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Brian Bonhomme, Committee Member Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Carla Simonini, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Associate Dean of Graduate Studies Date Ryan J. Antonucci © 2013 iii ABSTRACT Scholars of Italian-American history have traditionally asserted that the ethnic community’s media during the 1920s and 1930s was pro-Fascist leaning. This thesis challenges that narrative by proving that moderate, and often ambivalent, opinions existed at one time, and the shift to a philo-Fascist position was an active process. Using a survey of six Italian-language sources from diverse cities during the inauguration of Benito Mussolini’s regime, research shows that interpretations varied significantly. One of the newspapers, Il Cittadino Italo-Americano (Youngstown, Ohio) is then used as a case study to better understand why events in Italy were interpreted in certain ways. -
Title Items-In-Visits of Heads of States and Foreign Ministers
UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page Date 15/06/2006 Time 4:59:15PM S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Expanded Number S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Title items-in-Visits of heads of states and foreign ministers Date Created 17/03/1977 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0907-0001: Correspondence with heads-of-state 1965-1981 Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit •3 felt^ri ly^f i ent of Public Information ^ & & <3 fciiW^ § ^ %•:£ « Pres™ s Sectio^ n United Nations, New York Note Ko. <3248/Rev.3 25 September 1981 KOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT AND MINISTERS TO ATTEND GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION The Secretariat has been officially informed so far that the Heads of State or Government of 12 countries, 10 Deputy Prime Ministers or Vice- Presidents, 124 Ministers for Foreign Affairs and five other Ministers will be present during the thirty-sixth regular session of the General Assembly. Changes, deletions and additions will be available in subsequent revisions of this release. Heads of State or Government George C, Price, Prime Minister of Belize Mary E. Charles, Prime Minister and Minister for Finance and External Affairs of Dominica Jose Napoleon Duarte, President of El Salvador Ptolemy A. Reid, Prime Minister of Guyana Daniel T. arap fcoi, President of Kenya Mcussa Traore, President of Mali Eeewcosagur Ramgoolare, Prime Minister of Haur itius Seyni Kountche, President of the Higer Aristides Royo, President of Panama Prem Tinsulancnda, Prime Minister of Thailand Walter Hadye Lini, Prime Minister and Kinister for Foreign Affairs of Vanuatu Luis Herrera Campins, President of Venezuela (more) For information media — not an official record Office of Public Information Press Section United Nations, New York Note Ho. -
Quaderni D'italianistica : Revue Officielle De La Société Canadienne
ANGELO PRINCIPE CENTRING THE PERIPHERY. PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE ITALLVN CANADL\N PRESS: 1950-1990 The Radical Press From the end of the Second World War to the 1980s, eleven Italian Canadian radical periodicals were published: seven left-wing and four right- wing, all but one in Toronto.' The left-wing publications were: II lavoratore (the Worker), La parola (the Word), La carota (the Carrot), Forze nuove (New Forces), Avanti! Canada (Forward! Canada), Lotta unitaria (United Struggle), and Nuovo mondo (New World). The right-wing newspapers were: Rivolta ideale (Ideal Revolt), Tradizione (Tradition), // faro (the Lighthouse or Beacon), and Occidente (the West or Western civilization). Reading these newspapers today, one gets the impression that they were written in a remote era. The socio-political reality that generated these publications has been radically altered on both sides of the ocean. As a con- sequence of the recent disintegration of the communist system, which ended over seventy years of East/West confrontational tension, in Italy the party system to which these newspapers refer no longer exists. Parties bear- ing new names and advancing new policies have replaced the older ones, marking what is now considered the passage from the first to the second Republic- As a result, the articles on, or about, Italian politics published ^ I would like to thank several people who helped in different ways with this paper. Namely: Nivo Angelone, Roberto Bandiera, Damiano Berlingieri, Domenico Capotorto, Mario Ciccoritti, Elio Costa, Celestino De luliis, Odoardo Di Santo, Franca lacovetta, Teresa Manduca, Severino Martelluzzi, Roberto Perin, Concetta V. Principe, Guido Pugliese, Olga Zorzi Pugliese, and Gabriele Scardellato. -
ICRC President in Italy…
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS ICRC President in Italy... The President of the ICRC, Mr. Alexandre Hay, was in Italy from 15 to 20 June for an official visit. He was accompanied by Mr. Sergio Nessi, head of the Financing Division, and Mr. Melchior Borsinger, delegate-general for Europe and North America. The purpose of the visit was to contact the Italian authorities, to give them a detailed account of the ICRC role and function and to obtain greater moral and material support from them. The first day of the visit was mainly devoted to discussions with the leaders of the National Red Cross Society and a tour of the Society's principal installations. On the same day Mr. Hay was received by the President of the Republic, Mr. Sandro Pertini. Other discussions with government officials enabled the ICRC delegation to explain all aspects of current ICRC activities throughout the world. Mr. Hay's interlocutors were Mr. Filippo Maria Pandolfi, Minister of Finance; Mr. Aldo Aniasi, Minister of Health; Mrs. Nilde Iotti, Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies; Mr. Amintore Fanfani, President of the Senate; Mr. Paulo Emilio Taviani, Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies' Foreign Affairs Commission and Mr. Giulio Andreotti, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Affairs Commission. Discussions were held also with the leaders of the Italian main political parties. On 20 June President Hay, Mr. Nessi and Mr. Borsinger were received in audience by H.H. Pope John-Paul II, after conferring with H.E. Cardinal Casaroli, the Vatican Secretary of State, and H.E. Cardinal Gantin, Chairman of the "Cor Unum" Pontifical Council and of the pontifical Justice and Peace Commission. -
Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development Almatourism Special Issue, N. 8, 2018: Furini G., Gambetta G., Rodrigo Pais Photo Archive, a Resource of Good Practices for the Religious Heritage. The Exhibition “Catholic Church and Society in Italy in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century” Almatourism Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development ___________________________________________________________ Rodrigo Pais Photo Archive, a Resource of Good Practices for the Religious Heritage. The Exhibition “Catholic Church and Society in Italy in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century” Furini, G.* Gambetta, G.† University of Bologna (Italy) ABSTRACT Sometimes we underestimate the importance of linking together different cultural assets in order to implement enhancement strategies suitable to cross the sectorial borders. Instead, we tend to consider watertight compartments and run the risk to target single cultural products which could be potentially offered to a wider audience. The photographic exhibition “Catholic Church and Society in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century” aimed, ever since its beginning, to cross these borders with a thematic selection of shots taken by photographer Rodrigo Pais, on display in the hall of the former oratory of the Basilica of San Martino Maggiore. The building is currently in a poor conservation status, although its originary splendor is still visible in both the architectural structure and decoration elements, featuring a large fresco dating back to the 17th century entirely covering one of the four walls of the hall. This place requires a proper visibility in order to regain its vitality and be able to foster once again cultural exchanges. -
Documento Scaricato Dal Sito Mininterno.Net - Il Portale Per La Preparazione Ai Concorsi Pubblici - Esercitati GRATIS On-Line! N
N. Domanda A B C D 1 Dove si trova il Darfur, regione in cui Somalia Uganda Sudan Eritrea nel 2003 è iniziato un drammatico conflitto? 2 A quale partito è appartenuto Oscar Partito Repubblicano Partito Socialista Partito Democratico Democrazia Cristiana Luigi Scalfaro? 3 Quale dei seguenti politici italiani è Gianni Letta Raffaele Fitto Graziano Delrio Filippo Patroni Griffi stato sottosegretario alla Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, nei governi Berlusconi? 4 Il 6/1/1980 venne ucciso dalla mafia Presidente della Presidente della Segretario della Sindaco di Palermo Piersanti Mattarella: quale carica Commissione Regione Siciliana Democrazia Cristiana ricopriva? antimafia 5 Alla storia recente di quale paese è Messico Bolivia Venezuela Colombia legata principalmente la figura di Hugo Chavez? 6 Alla storia recente di quale paese è Bielorussia Georgia Russia Ucraina legata principalmente la figura di Julija Tymosenko? 7 Quale incarico ha ricoperto Emma Ministro per gli affari Ministro degli esteri Vicepresidente del Ministro per i rapporti Bonino nel governo Letta europei Consiglio col Parlamento (2013-2014)? 8 Alla storia recente di quale paese è Costa Rica Messico Cuba Venezuela legata principalmente la figura del "subcomandante Marcos"? 9 Nel 2012 è sorta fra Italia e India una La MCS Melody La Exxon Valdez L'Enrica Lexie La Sirius Star controversia internazionale in merito all'arresto di due marò italiani imbarcati, come nuclei militari di protezione, a bordo di quale nave? 10 Quale carica ha ricoperto Yanis Ministro delle finanze -
The Schengen Agreements and Their Impact on Euro- Mediterranean Relations the Case of Italy and the Maghreb
125 The Schengen Agreements and their Impact on Euro- Mediterranean Relations The Case of Italy and the Maghreb Simone PAOLI What were the main reasons that, between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s, a group of member states of the European Community (EC) agreed to abolish internal border controls while, simultaneously, building up external border controls? Why did they act outside the framework of the EC and initially exclude the Southern members of the Community? What were the reactions of both Northern and Southern Mediter- ranean countries to these intergovernmental accords, known as the Schengen agree- ments? What was their impact on both European and Euro-Mediterranean relations? And what were the implications of the accession of Southern members of the EC to said agreements in terms of relations with third Mediterranean countries? The present article cannot, of course, give a comprehensive answer to all these complex questions. It has nonetheless the ambition of throwing a new light on the origins of the Schengen agreements. In particular, by reconstructing the five-year long process through which Italy entered the Schengen Agreement and the Conven- tion implementing the Schengen Agreement, it will contribute towards the reinter- pretation of: the motives behind the Schengen agreements; migration relations be- tween Northern and Southern members of the EC in the 1980s; and migration relations between the EC, especially its Southern members, and third Mediterranean countries in the same decade. The article is divided into three parts. The first examines the historical background of the Schengen agreements, by placing them within the context of Euro-Mediter- ranean migration relations; it, also, presents the main arguments. -
December 21, 1960 Report to Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonio Segni
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified December 21, 1960 Report to Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonio Segni Citation: “Report to Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonio Segni,” December 21, 1960, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Istituto Luigi Sturzo, Archivio Giulio Andreotti, NATO Series, Box 160, Subseries 1, Folder 012.1. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/155271 Summary: Praise for Paul-Henri Spaak in helping NATO unify Western Europe and integrate the Allied states’ economic, political, and military objectives in their ongoing struggle against the Soviet Union. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the MacArthur Foundation, Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY), and Istituto Luigi Sturzo. Original Language: Italian Contents: Scan of Original Document i&& 16l�7 11 ._ to& Henù4 Mbane aerane olla la rlral.one alaS8'8rlah a'1e.tlt1ca s1 Il cblua aa UD& "Dota ot �· Wlllfd'te U �.IOJlàe•· acrl•e oJl8 essa tt wrml.D:i.t.f� 8ll uaa ''note utaalMl8tfe-. a i• .. m 1•LJ.t.ra espressione aecllbrane det1DSra corret.�1iallt.e 11 corso e la concl'181oaa del ct11»a1 Uta Cbe. a1 sono S'VDltl a Parlgt u·urante 1 g1omt soorst. Per glaagere ad 11118. valut.z:�z1one U p1ù posulblla eaat.ta. è uceooario ��1.re da alcum .Pl9m8Ua e tormulare �cmae J;lr8C1aaz2on1. La concezlQtle eatet:aslva, e lt\ co� res\rlt.t.1V-d, aell.'Alleanza. ea1aWDU tiD dal4' f 011\.i&Zione della &Te (tl ùa r1cor�a.re 006 u r� moao art.tcolo 2 tu 1DGQJ1.t.o mm aenza uUrlcoltA nel trrat.t.at.o) al eoao p1il a»er�n:t.a rlvelat. -
Processi Storici E Politichedi Pace
Provincia di Roma Università degli Studi Roma Tre Processi Storici e di Politiche Pace Rivista di Storia, Politica e Cooperazione Internazionale Processi Storici e Politiche di Pace HHistorical Processes and Peace Politics Rivista di Storia, Politica e Cooperazione Internazionale -#5A5>?->5;//@<-01881>13@1:?5?19-?5/41 -$?;=5-01881=18-E5;:55:?1=:-E5;:-8510188K5:?13=-E5;:11@=;<1- -$?@05-=1-85 -#18-E5;:55:?1=:-E5;:-851<;85?5/-5:?1=:-E5;:-81 -$?@05>@88-<-/11>@88->5/@=1EE- -1;<;85?5/- -";85?5/4105<-/105>5/@=1EE-105/;;<1=-E5;:15:?1=:-E5;:-810188K&:5;:1@=;<1- -#5A5>?-<@..85/--=?5/;855:85:3@-5?-85-:-;5:381>1/41A1:3;:;>;??;<;>?5-88- peer review. G85-=?5/;8501..;:;1>>1=15:A5-?50-88K-@?;=1A5-19-58-88-5=1E5;:1 <B@8E1=@:5;=5? %419-5:-=1->;25:?1=1>?;2?416;@=:-8-=1 -5>?;=D;2:?1=:-?5;:-8#18-?5;:>-:0;2@=;<1-::?13=-?5;: -=1-$?@051> -:?1=:-?5;:-8#18-?5;:>-:0:?1=:-?5;:-8";85?5/> -"1-/1-:0$1/@=5?D$?@051> -1;<;85?5/> -"1-/1$1/@=5?D-:0;;<1=-?5;:";85/51>;2?41@=;<1-:&:5;: %41;@=:-8<@.85>41>-=?5/81>5:?-85-:;=:385>4 [email protected]??10-=?5/81>-=1>@.61/??;<11==1A51B =?5/81>>4;@80.1>1:?.D19-58?;?4105?;=5-8!225/1<B@8E1=@:5;=5? Copyright 2016-05E5;:5 @;A-@8?@=--"8180;;=;: #;9- %18 -BBB:@;A-/@8?@=-5? '&#–#5A5>?-05->/5- =1- $/51:E1";85?5/411$;/5-85 $1??;=1;:/;=>@-81 $?;=5-01881#18-E5;:5:?1=:-E5;:-8501881$;/51?F101881>?5?@E5;:51C?=-1@=;<11 Rivista pubblicata con il contributo dei Dipartimenti: - Scienze Umane e Sociali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale” - Lingue, Letterature e Culture Straniere, Università degli Studi “Roma Tre” Processi Storici e Politiche di Pace HHistorical Processes and Peace Politics n. -
Gilbert S Cut-Rate I
THURSDAY—SEPTEMBER 23, 1943 MONITOR LEADER MOUNT CLEMENS, MICH 13 Ent k inv oh* May L« kav«* Buy War Bonds and Stamps Today Exile in i\meriea to Orijaiiixe w • ll€kiiioi*ralir hi Italy BY KAY HALLE ter Fiammetta. and his son Written for M A Service Sforzino reached Bordeaux, Within 25 year* the United where they m* to board a States has Riven refuge to two Dutch tramp steamer. For five great European Democrats who long days before they reached were far from the end of their Falmouth in England, the Sfor- rope politically. Thomas Mas- zas lived on nothing but orang- aryk. the Czech patriot, after es. a self-imposed exile on spending It war his old friend, Winston shores, return ! after World our Churchill, who finally received to it War I his homrlan after Sforza in London. the The Battle of had been freed from German Britain yoke—as the had commenced. Church- the President of approved to pro- newly-formed Republic—- ill Sforza side i Czech ceed to the United States and after modeled our own. keep the cause of Italian democ- Now, with the collapse of racy aflame. famous exile Italy, another HEADS “FREE ITALIANS” He -* an... JC. -a seems to be 01. the march. J two-year Sforza’-i American . is Count Carlo Sforza, for 20 exile has been spent in New’ years the uncompromising lead- apartment—- opposition York in a modest er of the Democratic that is, he not touring to Italy when is to Fascism. His return the country lecturing and or- imminent seem gazing the affairs of the 300,- Sforza is widely reg rded as in 000 It's flnuor Free Italians in the Western the one Italian who could re- Hemisphere, w hom \e leads construct a democratic form of His New York apartment is government for Italy.