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Flexible Supply Chain Simulation J. Manuel Feliz-Teixeira Flexible Supply Chain Simulation Thesis 01 MARCH 2006 Text submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor in Sciences of Engineering Supervisor António E. S. Carvalho Brito Advisor Richard Saw RESEARCH SPONSORED BY THE: THROUGH THE: PUBLISHER: Publindústria® Produção de Comunicação, Lda. EUROPEAN UNION European Social Fund (III framework) Copyright: Ó J. Manuel Feliz-Teixeira All rights reserved First Edition: Porto, 1 March 2006 ISBN: 972-8953-04-6 Legal deposit: 239362/06 Original cover art: Jorge Pereira Publisher: Publindústria, Produção de Comunicação Pr. Da Corujeira, 38 – Apt.3825 4300-144 Porto Portugal Tel: +351.22.589.96.20 Fax: +351.22.589.96.29 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.publindustria.pt Flexible Supply Chain Simulation Thesis J. Manuel Feliz-Teixeira* 01 March 2006 Text submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor in Sciences of Engineering Supervisor: António E. S. Carvalho Brito Advisor: Richard Saw Research sponsored by the: European Social Fund (III framework) Through the: * Complete name: José Manuel Feliz Dias Teixeira i To my mother and my father, and my old professors of Physics. J. Manuel Feliz-Teixeira IMPORTANT NOTE: NOTA IMPORTANTE: The contents of this text are registered with the Portuguese Society of Authors and protected by the law of intellectual rights, including the copyright. No reproductions or publications are allowed without the expressed permission of the author. O conteúdo desta tese encontra-se registado na Sociedade Portuguesa de Autores e está protegido pela lei geral e específica dos direitos de autor, morais e patrimoniais (copyright). Não é permitida qualquer reprodução ou publicação sem o expresso consentimento do autor. * Here I declare, however, that I authorize the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) to reproduce, within the scope and exercise of its statutes of public educational institution, and as far as such reproduction is done without any lucrative objectives, the number of copies considered reasonable for the good divulgation and utilization of this text, without this meaning that any property rights have been transferred. An electronic version of this text in PDF format has been made available to FEUP for such purpose. Aqui declaro, no entanto, autorizar a Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP) a reproduzir, no âmbito do seu estatuto de instituição de ensino público e sem quaisquer fins lucrativos, o número de cópias que considere razoável à boa divulgação e utilização da obra, não sendo com isso transferidos quaisquer direitos sobre a propriedade intelectual. Uma versão da obra em formato electrónico PDF foi disponibilizada à FEUP para esse efeito. English revision: Deidré Matthee ii Ó J. Manuel Feliz-Teixeira Abstract We live in a time where many different approaches for simulating systems are already being used and explored worldwide, mainly due to the last decade’s explosion in high level programming languages and the vertiginous level of information conceded by the Internet. The simulation of Supply Chain systems is no exception. However, it is still very difficult to obtain information about the details behind most of the Supply Chain simulators announced out there, for they easily turn into products of high value to those who develop them, as well as to the consultancy agencies that make them highly rentable. But the world of simulation has also changed, from the trustful and innocent academic old-fashioned reliability to the present suspicious and voracious days of modern commerce. In reality, there are no available books or articles or any other texts on how to project a Supply Chain simulator obviously, therefore my option has been to build up my own personal approach from the ground. This thesis, based on some hypotheses of flexibility, intends to expose the ideas behind such an approach, as well as to document the relevant steps that have been taken to reach this challenge, from the bibliographic review and the study of conceptual issues on Supply Chain systems and trends of simulation, to the conception and development of a practical simulator written in C++ with which some results and conclusions have been obtained. iii Flexible Supply Chain Simulation Sumário Résumé Vivemos num tempo em que uma grande Nous vivons dans un moment où plusieurs variedade de métodos de simulação são approches de simulation sont employées et utilizados e explorados em todo o mundo, déjà explorées dans le monde entier, principalmente devido à explosão das surtout grâce à l'explosion des langages de linguagens de programação de alto nível programmation de haut niveau vérifiée à la verificada na última década, e à vertiginosa dernière décennie et au niveau vertigineux capacidade de comunicar introduzida pela de la communication assurée par l'Internet. generalização da Internet. A simulação de La simulation des chaînes de distribution Cadeias de Distribuição não é excepção. n'est aucune exception. Cependant, il est Contudo, continua a ser francamente difícil toujours très difficile d'obtenir des obter-se informação sobre os detalhes de informations sur les détails derrière la construção dos simuladores de Cadeias de plupart des simulateurs de chaînes de Distribuição anunciados, uma vez que estas distribution annoncés, parce qu’ils se aplicações facilmente se convertem em transforment facilement en produits de produtos de elevado valor, para quem os valeur élevée pour ceux qui les desenvolve e para as agências de consultoria développent, aussi bien que pour les que os tornam altamente rentáveis. Mas o agences de consultation qui les rendent mundo da simulação também mudou, da fortement rentables. Mais le monde de la confiança académica atribuída aos “velhos” simulation a également changé, dès la tempos, ao actual ambiente de suspeita e crédible et démodée fiabilité académique voracidade de moderno comércio. De facto, aux soupçonneux et voraces jours actuels du não há livros ou artigos ou quaisquer textos commerce moderne. En fait, il n'y a aucun onde se ensine a projectar um simulador de livre ou article disponible ou aucun autre Cadeias de Distribuição, pelo que a minha texte sur la façon de projeter un simulateur opção foi desenvolver a minha própria de chaînes de distribution, donc mon option versão desde raiz. a été celle de développer mon approche A presente tese, apoiada em hipóteses de personnelle dès le début. flexibilidade, tenciona expor as ideias por Cette thèse, basée sur quelques detrás desse desafio, desde a revisão hypothèses de flexibilité, prévoit d’exposer bibliográfica e o estudo das Cadeias de les idées derrière une telle approche, dès la Distribuição e das tendências da simulação, révision bibliographique, l'étude des issues à até à concepção e desenvolvimento de um propos des chaînes de distribution et les simulador prático escrito em C++ com o qual tendances de la simulation jusqu’à la foram obtidos alguns resultados. conception et au développement d'un simulateur pratique écrit dans C++ avec lequel quelques résultats et conclusions ont été obtenus. iv Ó J. Manuel Feliz-Teixeira Acknowledgements António E. S. Carvalho Brito, GEIN, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Portugal J. Barros Basto, GEIN, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Portugal J. António Sarsfield Cabral, GEIN, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Portugal Alcibíades Paulo Guedes, Escola de Gestão do Porto (EGP), Portugal Jorge Freire Sousa, GEIN, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Portugal Francisco Vasques and others, GEIN, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Portugal Richard Saw, University of Cranfield, UK Christine Rutherford, University of Cranfield, UK Peter Klaus, Friederich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Gunter Prockl, Friederich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Achmed Nasa, Barkawi & Partner GmbH, München, Germany Andreas Baader, Barkawi & Partner GmbH, München, Germany Joern W. Ewaldt, Barkawi & Partner GmbH, München, Germany Lutz Arnold, Barkawi & Partner GmbH, München, Germany Juan Florencio Martin Arnanz, BMW headquarters, München, Germany Cláudio Fernandes, INFENION, München, Germany Fátima Rateb, Universidad de Granada, Spain José Carlos Fernandes, GalpEnergia, Porto, Portugal And others: Noreen, Hilary and others, University of Cranfield, UK Ricardo, George and others, University of Cranfield, UK Soledade, Isabel, Carmo and others, GEIN, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Portugal José Ramiro Teixeira Santos, Frankfurt, Germany Franciska Nasa and Cherima Nasa, Nürnberg, Germany Cláudio Fernandes & Paula, München, Germany Fátima Rateb, Anne Rateb, Paris, France J. Paulo Feliz Teixeira, Viseu, Portugal Pedro & Deidré, Porto, Portugal Specially, I would like to emphasize my gratitude to my supervisor António E. S. Carvalho Brito, for his patience, sympathy and excellence, which always pushed me to finish this project, and to Richard Saw who kindly guided me in the visits to the University of Cranfield, for his advice, pragmatism, sympathy and sense of humour. v Flexible Supply Chain Simulation Sources of copyright figures: Fig. 1.1 - Courtesy of Antique Automobile Club of America, http://www.aaca.org/ Figs. 1.2; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; 1.6; 1.7 - Courtesy of Computer History Museum, http://www.computerhistory.org/ Fig. 1.14; - Courtesy of TECNOMATIX, www.tecnomatix.de/ Fig. 1.17 – Courtesy of Fujitsu-Siemens, http://www.fujitsu-siemens.com/ Fig. 1.20 – Courtesy of eM-Plant, http://www.emplant.de/simulation.html Fig. 1.21 – Courtesy of CPN Group, University of Aarhus, Denmark, http://www.daimi.au.dk/CPNtools/
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