President's Corner Congressional News Ocean Leadership News

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

President's Corner Congressional News Ocean Leadership News 1201 New York Avenue, NW z Fourth Floor z Washington, DC 20005 P: (202) 232-3900 z F: (202) 462-8754 z www.OceanLeadership.org Please add [email protected] to your personal address book to ensure delivery. To subscribe, unsubscribe, or change the preferences on your subscriptions to Ocean Leadership emails, please use the following link: http://lists.oceanleadership.org/mailman/listinfo. President’s Corner Congressional News • Senate Committee Discusses Reauthorization of the Chesapeake Bay Program • Senate Markup of Geospatial, Hypoxia Legislation Ocean Leadership News • NOPP Announces $20 Million in Research Grants • ORRAP Meeting Next Week in Washington, DC • The Great Marlin Race is Underway • Faculty Professional Development Opportunity at GSA Ocean Community News • Ocean Sciences 2010 Session: Ocean Technology and Infrastructure Needs for the Next 20 Years • Thinning Cloud Cover Over Oceans Speeds Global Warming • Fish Discovered With Light Sensing Cells • Proposed Algal Biofuel Pilot Facility • Scientists Probe Great Pacific Garbage Patch • Interdisciplinary Climate Change Research Symposium • Application Process For Cohort VII of the MS PHD’s Professional Development Program Now Open • Ridge 2000 Integration & Synthesis Workshop • NOAA and NSF Call For Proposals • Antarctic Climate Evolution Symposium in September • NSF Grant Proposal Deadline: August 15, 2009 Job Announcements To access the job announcements page, go to http://www.oceanleadership.org/about/employment. No new opportunities this week. Calendar of Events President’s Corner The President’s Corner will return next week. Congressional News SENATE COMMITTEE DISCUSSES REAUTHORIZATION OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM In a Senate Environment and Public works hearing on Monday a panel of agency and industry representatives voiced their support for the reauthorization of the Chesapeake Bay Program, including suggestions to expand federal and state authority, increase funding, and incorporate accountability mechanisms. “We need significant changes if we want to significantly improve the bay” stated Senator Benjamin Cardin (D-MD). John Cosgrove of the Chesapeake Bay Commission and George Hawkins, Director of the Department of the Environment, both praised the use of two year increments in restoration efforts with a 2025 deadline for nutrient sediment reduction. Both panelists recognized the necessity of regulating nutrient sediment runoff as large contributors to Bay pollutants otherwise projected to increase with the growing population. Hawkins stressed the importance of non-point source regulation, recommending a nationally standardized requirement to eliminate inequalities between output standards among industries. As it was recognized that farmers are not the sole contributors to Bay pollution, the committee further emphasized the importance of a Basin-wide approach, including all watershed operations and related parties under the regulatory authority. SENATE MARK-UP OF GEOSPATIAL, HYPOXIA LEGISLATION The Senate Commerce, Science, & Transportation Executive committee convened to markup two ocean bills. The Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2009 (S.952) would strengthen NOAA’s role overseeing monitoring and control efforts, providing a rapid response mechanism to mitigate the environmentally detrimental effects of marine hypoxia events. The bill would also direct federal officials to create regional action plans that guide state and local governments in preparing for and mitigating the effects of algal blooms. The Committee also marked up the American View Geospatial Imagery Mapping Program Act (S.1078). The bill authorizes the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to expand the AmericaView program, which is designed to use satellite and remote sensing data to support applied research, K-12 education, workforce development, and technology transfer. During the markup, Senator John Thune (R-SD) expressed concern with the Geospatial Mapping Act citing the fact that Landsat data has already been expanded and made available via the internet. The Senator warned it would be unwise to establish legislation “to solve a problem that has already been solved.” Both bills were ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably. Ocean Leadership News NOPP ANNOUNCES $20 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANTS The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) recently announced that it is awarding over $20 million over four years in research grants to 19 research projects that address one of three specific questions. NOPP is a collaboration of federal agencies to provide leadership and coordination of national oceanographic research and education initiatives. In January, NOPP solicited proposals to improve wind wave predictions on global and regional scales, to investigate the ability to create and use biological, bio- optical, optical and chemical sensors in the oceans and to improve tropical cyclone intensity forecasting. While each of the NOPP research recipients will work in collaboration with other institutions and scientists, the lead researchers for these three research programs are below. Wind Wave Predications: • Dr. Fabrice Arduin, Service Hydrographique et Oceanographique de la Marine • Dr. Alexander Babanin, Swinburne University of Technology • Dr. Michael Banner, The University of New South Wales • Dr. Tim Janssen, San Francisco State University • Dr. James Kaihutu, Texas A&M University Texas Engineering Experiment Station • Dr. William Perrie, Bedford Institute of Oceanography Biological, Bio-Optical, Optical and Chemical Ocean Observing: • Dr. Kenneth Johnson, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute • Dr. Alex Chekalyuk, Columbia University • Dr. James Sullivan, WET Labs, Inc. • Dr. Govind Rao, University of Maryland- Baltimore County • Dr. Peter Ortner, University of Miami • Dr. Emmanuel Boss, University of Maine Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasting: • Dr. Wayne Schubert, Colorado State University • Dr. Chris Velden, University of Wisconsin-Madison • Dr. J. Scott Tyo, University of Arizona • Dr. Takemasa Miyoshi, University of Maryland • Dr. Yongsheng Chen, York University • Dr. Michael Reeder, Monash University • Dr. Shuyi Chen, University of Miami and Dr. Isaac Ginis, University of Rhode Island ORRAP MEETING NEXT WEEK IN WASHINGTON, DC The Ocean Research & Resources Advisory Panel (ORRAP) provides advice and guidance on ocean matters to the heads of federal agencies. The ORRAP will be meeting at Ocean Leadership on August 11 and 12. Principal areas of discussion will be Ecosystem Approaches to Management (regionally focused); Arctic Observing Needs; the No Child Left Inside Coalition; and Industry’s role in offshore science and energy. The complete agenda can be found under the Meetings header on the ORRAP web page www.nopp.org/site/orrap. THE GREAT MARLIN RACE IS UNDERWAY The Great Marlin Race was established to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Hawaiian International Billfish Tournament (HIBT). HIBT is collaborating with Stanford University's Dr. Barbara Block, allowing teams competing in the HIBT to sponsor a pop-up satellite archival tag. Dr. Block is a member of the Tagging of Pacific Predators project. The tags, placed on marlins, will detach from the fish at a pre-programmed date and float to the ocean surface. The tags will then transmit data via the Argos satellite system back to the lab. For the Great Marlin Race, the tags are programmed to pop off after 180 days. At that time, the fish that has traveled the farthest distance will be declared the winner! The team that sponsored the tag on the winning fish will receive free admission to next year's tournament. To learn more about the race, or view how far the marlins have traveled, please visit the Great Marline Race online. (http://thunnus.stanford.edu:81/joomla/index.php/about-gtopp/special-events/the-great-marlin- race.html). FACULTY PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY AT GSA A short course for university faculty on Teaching Climate Change and Earth History Using Ocean Drilling Data in Introductory Geoscience Courses will be offered in conjunction with the fall GSA meeting on Saturday Oct 17 from 8-5 pm in Portland, Oregon. The workshop cost is $30, and includes continental breakfast and lunch. This one-day short course is designed for faculty teaching undergraduate introductory geoscience courses in climate change, oceanography, historical geology, or Earth science in which data and content on climate change, geologic time, age determination, and Earth history are important. Learning materials introduced and distributed in the short course will be anchored in fundamental practices and discoveries of scientific ocean drilling research programs (IODP, legacy DSDP and ODP, and ANDRILL), and will infuse essential scientific observational, analytical, and synthesis skills, and critical thinking into inquiry- based classroom exercises for group work in both small and large classes. If you have questions about course content, please e-mail [email protected]. The instructors for the short course are Kristen St. John, James Madison University; Mark Leckie, University of Massachusetts–Amherst; Megan Jones, North Hennepin Community College; and Kate Pound, St. Cloud State University, The U.S. National Science Foundation, the Consortium for Ocean Leadership and GSA’s Sedimentary Geology Division have sponsored this short course. To register for this professional development opportunity please go to the GSA fall meeting short course
Recommended publications
  • Great Pacific Garbage Patch,' in Name of Research 4 August 2009, by Paul Rogers
    Scientists ready to set sail for 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch,' in name of research 4 August 2009, By Paul Rogers Hoping to learn more about one of the most glaring sail for a 30-day voyage from San Francisco. examples of waste and environmental pollution on Earth, a group of scientists will set sail from San The other ship, the 170-foot New Horizon, owned Francisco Tuesday to the "Great Pacific Garbage by the University of California-San Diego, left Patch," a massive vortex of floating plastic trash Southern California on Sunday. It has a crew of estimated by some researchers to be twice the about 20 people, many of them graduate students size of Texas. in marine biology, funded by a $600,000 grant from the University of California. The bobbing debris field, where currents swirl everything from discarded fishing line to plastic Both ships will study the Garbage Patch's size, how bottles into one soupy mess, is located about the plastic affects wildlife, and whether it may be 1,000 miles west of California. possible to clean some of it up. "This is a problem that is kind of out of sight, out of "We are going to try to target the highest plastic mind, but it is having devastating impacts on the areas we see to begin to understand the scope of ocean. I felt we needed to do something about it," the problem," said Miriam Goldstein, chief scientist said Mary Crowley, co-founder of Project Kaisei, a of the Scripps expedition. "The team of graduate non-profit expedition that is partnering on the students will be studying everything from voyage with the Scripps Institution of phytoplankton to zooplankton to small midwater Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif.
    [Show full text]
  • Trash Travels: the Truth—And the Consequences
    From Our Hands to the Sea, Around the Globe, and Through Time Contents Overview introduction from the president and ceo . 02 a message from philippe cousteau . 03 executive summary . 04 results from the 2009 international coastal cleanup . 06 participating countries map . .07 trash travels: the truth—and the consequences . 16 the pacific garbage patch: myths and realities . 24 international coastal cleanup sponsoring partners . .26 international coastal cleanup volunteer coordinators and sponsors . 30 The Marine Debris Index terminology . 39 methodology and research notes . 40 marine debris breakdown by countries and locations . 41 participation by countries and locations . 49 marine debris breakdown by us states . 50 participation by us states . 53. acknowledgments and photo credits . 55. sources . 56 Ocean Conservancy The International Coastal Cleanup Ocean Conservancy promotes healthy and diverse In partnership with volunteer organizations and ecosystems and opposes practices that threaten individuals across the globe, Ocean Conservancy’s ocean life and human life. Through research, International Coastal Cleanup engages people education, and science-based advocacy, Ocean to remove trash and debris from the world’s Conservancy informs, inspires, and empowers beaches and waterways, to identify the sources people to speak and act on behalf of the ocean. of debris, and to change the behaviors that cause In all its work, Ocean Conservancy strives to be marine debris in the first place. the world’s foremost advocate for the ocean. © OCEAN CONSERVANCY . ALL RIGHTS RESERVED . ISBN: 978-0-615-34820-9 LOOKING TOWARD THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY INTERNATIONAL COASTAL CLEANUP ON SEPTEMBER 25, 2010, Ocean Conservancy 01 is releasing this annual marine debris report spotlighting how trash travels to and throughout the ocean, and the impacts of that debris on the health of people, wildlife, economies, and ocean ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Gyre Plastic : Science, Circulation and the Matter of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/21w9h64q Author De Wolff, Kim Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Gyre Plastic: Science, Circulation and the Matter of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Communication by Kim De Wolff Committee in charge: Professor Chandra Mukerji, Chair Professor Joseph Dumit Professor Kelly Gates Professor David Serlin Professor Charles Thorpe 2014 Copyright Kim De Wolff, 2014 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Kim De Wolff is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2014 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ........................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ............................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... ix Vita ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Abundance and Ecological
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Abundance and ecological implications of microplastic debris in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography by Miriam Chanita Goldstein Committee in charge: Professor Mark D. Ohman, Chair Professor Lihini I. Aluwihare Professor Brian Goldfarb Professor Michael R. Landry Professor James J. Leichter 2012 Copyright Miriam Chanita Goldstein, 2012 All rights reserved. SIGNATURE PAGE The Dissertation of Miriam Chanita Goldstein is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: PAGE _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2012 iii DEDICATION For my mother, who took me to the tidepools and didn’t mind my pet earthworms. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE ................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES
    [Show full text]
  • Great Pacific Garbage Patch from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Coordinates: 38°N 145°W Great Pacific garbage patch From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Great Pacific garbage patch, also described as the Pacific trash vortex, is a gyre of marine debris particles in the central North Pacific Ocean discovered between 1985 and 1988. It is located roughly between 135°W to 155°W and 35°N and 42°N.[1] The patch extends over an indeterminate area, with estimates ranging very widely depending on the degree of plastic concentration used to define the affected area. The patch is characterized by exceptionally high relative concentrations of pelagic plastics, chemical sludge and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre.[2] Because of its large area, it is of very low density (4 particles per cubic meter), and therefore not visible from satellite photography, nor even necessarily to casual boaters or divers in the area. It consists primarily of a small increase in suspended, often microscopic, particles in the upper water column. Contents The area of increased plastic particles is located within the North Pacific Gyre, one of the five major oceanic gyres. 1 Discovery 2 Formation 3 Estimates of size 4 Photodegradation of plastics 5 Effect on wildlife and humans Visualisation showing ocean garbage patches. 6 Controversy 7 Cleanup research 7.1 2008 7.2 2009 7.3 2012 7.4 2013 7.5 2015 7.6 2016 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Discovery The great Pacific garbage patch was described in a 1988 paper published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • ISSN 1943-6548 a Newsletter of the Map
    ISSN 1943-6548 base line a newsletter of the Map and Geospatial Information Round Table TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 From the Chair 5 MAGIRT Midwinter Schedule for Dallas in 2012 6 On the Catalgoing/Cataloguing Front LC G&M Twitter Account 7 LC G&M Cataloging Team E-mail 8 New Maps and Cartographic Materials 25 Great Moments in Map Librarianship http://www.ala.org/magirt/ Volume 32, Number 6 December 2011 base line is an official publication of the American Library Association’s Map and Geospatial Information Round Table (MAGIRT). The purpose of base line is to provide current information on cartographic materials, other publications of interest to map and geography librarians, meetings, related governmental activi- ties, and map librarianship. It is a medium of communication for members of MAGIRT and information of interest is welcome. The opinions expressed by contributors are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the American Library Association and MAGIRT. Contributions should be sent to the appropri- ate editor listed below. Editor: Steve Rogers, Map Librarian (retired), Thompson Library, Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Avenue Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 E-mail: [email protected] Distribution Manager: James A. Coombs, Maps Library, Missouri State University, 901 S. National, #175, Springfield, MO 65897 Tel.: 417/836-4534 E-mail: [email protected] Cataloging Editor: Tammy T. Wong, Cartographic Materials Cataloger, Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. SE, Washington, DC 20540-2232 Tel: 202/707-6735 E-mail: [email protected] Electronic Mapping Editor: Vacant New Maps and Books Editor: David J.
    [Show full text]
  • MARINE LITTER: Mapping Existing Global Initiatives & Organizations-Background Document
    PLASTIC POLLUTION & MARINE LITTER: Mapping Existing Global Initiatives & Organizations-Background Document PLASTIC POLLUTION & MARINE LITTER Qgreen Team Mapping Existing Initiatives & Organizations Background Document December 2020 PLASTIC POLLUTION & MARINE LITTER: Mapping Existing Global Initiatives & Organizations-Background Document PLASTIC POLLUTION & MARINE LITTER Mapping Existing Global Initiatives & Organizations A Qgreen Background Document December 2020 PLASTIC POLLUTION & MARINE LITTER: Mapping Existing Global Initiatives & Organizations-Background Document Qgreen Plastic Pollution & Marine Litter: Mapping Existing Global Initiatives & Organizations – Background Document Prepared on behalf of Qgreen by: Maria Tsakona, International Waste Management Consultant, CEO of Qgreen Angeliki Maria Kaplani, Environmental Scientist & Circular Economy Consultant Acknowledgements Cover photo: Nikos Rigas, Graphic Designer Disclaimer The contents of this publication are believed, at the time of publication, to accurately reflect the state of the existing marine litter and plastic pollution initiatives and organizations, nevertheless Qgreen accepts responsibility for any errors remaining. This publication was prepared from Qgreen by the authors. About Qgreen Qgreen is a private company applying the principles of circular economy and being a part of the solution for green sustainable development. One of its goals is exploring the link between sound solid waste management and resource recovery systems and preventing the marine litter and plastic
    [Show full text]
  • Müllstrudel - Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch (GPOGP)
    Müllstrudel - Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch (GPOGP) Wind und Strömungen erzeugen im Pazifik einen gigantischen Wirbel von der Größe Afrikas, der gemächlich im Uhrzeigersinn um sein äquatoriales Zentrum kreist. Alles, was in diesem Ozean schwimmt, gerät irgendwann in diesen Wirbel. So auch die zahllosen Kunststoffe im "Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch" (GPOGP). Die UNO geht von bis zu 18.000 Plastikteilen pro Quadratkilometer Meeresfläche aus, im GPOGP werden bis zu eine Million Teile vermutet. Der Teppich aus zerkleinertem Kunststoff, basierend auf Rohbenzin (Naphtha), treibt bis zu 16 Jahre im Kreisel, der einen Durchmesser von etwa 3.000 Kilometern hat, wobei das Wasser bis zu einer Tiefe von 200 Meter verunreinigt ist und doch das meiste Material auf den Meeresboden sinkt. Neben dem GPOGP gibt es vergleichbare Kreisel in Nord- und Südatlantik, in der Sargassosee und im Indischen Ozean. (fra) http://www.taz.de/1/archiv/print-archiv/printressorts/digi- artikel/?ressort=tz&dig=2010%2F03%2F10%2Fa0130&cHash=d273679075 Müllstrudel aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche Die fünf größten zirkulierenden Driftströme der Erde Plastikmüll am Strand der Dominikanischen Republik Müll am Strand von Hawaii Plastikmüll am Strand der unbewohnten Insel Henderson (Pitcairninseln) im Südpazifik Müllstrudel ist eine Bezeichnung für subarktische und subtropische Wirbel im Ozean, die gigantische Müllteppiche angesammelt haben. Dem Nordpazifikwirbel (englisch: North Pacific Gyre) hat dieses Phänomen den Beinamen Great Pacific Garbage Patch eingebracht. Das Phänomen wurde von Kapitän Charles Moore nach einer Pazifikfahrt 1997 erstmals beschrieben.[1] Inhaltsverzeichnis [Verbergen] 1 Ausdehnung 2 Weitere Müllstrudel 3 Bestandteile 4 Gefahren 5 Giftakkumulation 6 Plastikpartikel an Stränden 7 Herkunft des Plastikmülls 8 Gegenmaßnahmen 9 Siehe auch 10 Einzelnachweise 11 Weblinks Ausdehnung [Bearbeiten] Durch Meeresströmungen entsteht ein subarktischer Meereswirbel, in dem sich Zivilisationsmüll ansammelt.
    [Show full text]
  • Plastic As Marine Debris and Its Potential for Economic Value
    Plastic as marine debris and its potential for economic value A practical and analytical estimation of the marine debris characteristics and a comparative evaluation of possible treatment procedures Astrid Hartman Ella Lovén Advisor: Monika Olsson MJ153X Bachelor thesis in Energy and the Environment Stockholm 2014 Figure 1. Marine debris in Bali, Indonesia Keywords: Plastic, marine debris, microwave pyrolysis 1. Abstract Every year around 270 million tonnes of plastic are produced worldwide. As a result of poor waste management in many countries, a large amount of it ends up in the world’s oceans where it degrades into micro particles. The degrading plastic particles release toxic chemicals, which can bioaccumulate in bodies of oceanic life and subsequently travel through the nutrition chain. Hence it is of great importance to find solutions to this problem. In this report, the composition and scale of plastic marine debris is investigated using data collected from fieldwork performed by the authors in a number of countries around the world, as well as through examining and combining reports from the International Coastal Cleanups organized by Ocean Conservancy. The combined data is used to create a top ten ranking of the most common plastic marine debris and its corresponding plastic type. The most common items were determined to be e.g. beverage bottles and plastic bags and the most common plastic type was estimated to be PP, LDPE and PET. According to the data collected through the fieldwork, the total plastic share of the marine debris was estimated to range between 67.4% and 86.3%. Further, the possible economic gains of conventional material recycling, incineration for energy recovery and microwave pyrolysis as a material recovery process are investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • SOURCES, FATE and EFFECTS of MICROPLASTICS in the MARINE ENVIRONMENT: a GLOBAL ASSESSMENT Science for Sustainable Oceans
    90 SOURCES, FATE AND EFFECTS OF MICROPLASTICS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: A GLOBAL ASSESSMENT Science for Sustainable Oceans ISSN 1020–4873 REPORTS AND STUDIES AND STUDIESREPORTS AND REPORTS 90 SOURCES, FATE AND EFFECTS OF MICROPLASTICS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: A GLOBAL ASSESSMENT REPORTS AND STUDIES REPORTS Published by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR www.imo.org Printed by Polestar Wheatons (UK) Ltd, Exeter, EX2 8RP ISSN: 1020-4873 Cover photo: Microplastic fragments from the western North Atlantic, collected using a towed plankton net. Copyright Giora Proskurowski, SEA Notes: GESAMP is an advisory body consisting of specialized experts nominated by the Sponsoring Agencies (IMO, FAO, UNESCO-IOC, UNIDO, WMO, IAEA, UN, UNEP, UNDP). Its principal task is to provide scientific advice concerning the prevention, reduction and control of the degradation of the marine environment to the Sponsoring Agencies. The report contains views expressed or endorsed by members of GESAMP who act in their individual capacities; their views may not necessarily correspond with those of the Sponsoring Agencies. Permission may be granted by any of the Sponsoring Agencies for the report to be wholly or partially reproduced in publication by any individual who is not a staff member of a Sponsoring Agency of GESAMP, provided that the source of the extract and the condition mentioned above are indicated. Information about GESAMP and its reports and studies can be found at: http://gesamp.org ISSN 1020-4873 (GESAMP Reports & Studies Series) Copyright © IMO, FAO, UNESCO-IOC, UNIDO, WMO, IAEA, UN, UNEP, UNDP 2015 For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as: GESAMP (2015).
    [Show full text]
  • 2. the Question of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
    Costeas-Geitonas School Model United Nations 2015 Committee: Environmental Sub-Commission 2 Issue: The Question of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch Student Officer: Kymberley Chu Position: Deputy President INTRODUCTION Since the emergence of non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels (coal, petroleum) and the growth of the human population, more solid waste and other harmful contaminants are released into various oceans such as the North Pacific Ocean. The ocean gyres are formed due to rotating ocean currents trapping marine debris, leading to the formation of garbage patches (also known as trash vortexes). The Great Pacific Garbage Patch consists of the Western Garbage Patch (located in Japan) and Eastern Garbage Patch (located in the west coast of the United States), and it can be found in the North Pacific Ocean but unified by the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone. As a result, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is one of the many garbage patches that have led to devastating environmental and economic damage. Such consequences have included the disruption of marine animal migration patterns and the poisoning of marine life such as sea turtles. Bearing these devastating consequences in mind, there have been both individual and organizational efforts in order to eradicate such garbage patches. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS Garbage Patch (Trash Vortex) A garbage patch is an “island” of solid waste (e.g: plastic), formed by marine debris gathered through ocean currents and the wind. Ocean Gyre An ocean gyre consists of circular ocean currents formed by the rotation of the Earth and wind patterns. In addition, an ocean gyre uses its ocean currents to trap marine debris, thus forming garbage patches.
    [Show full text]
  • Plastic Debris in the California Marine Ecosystem
    Plastic Debris in the California Marine Ecosystem A Summary of Current Research, Solution Efforts and Data Gaps September 2011 This report was commissioned by the California Ocean Protection Council and managed by California Ocean Science Trust. Partial support for this publication was provided by the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, under grant number NA10OAR4170058, and by the California Natural Resources Agency. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute copies for governmental purposes. Text and design produced under contract by: Charlotte Stevenson, M.S. Science Communications Specialist University of Southern California Sea Grant University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0373 Recommended citation of this report: Plastic Debris in the California Marine Ecosystem: A Summary of Current Research, Solution Strategies and Data Gaps. 2011. C. Stevenson, University of Southern California Sea Grant. Synthetic Report. California Ocean Science Trust, Oakland, CA. Photo credits: Front and back cover image depicting marine debris on a Los Angeles beach courtesy of Heal the Bay. All images used within the report were within the public domain or were permissioned for use in this report. None of the information within this report was reviewed by any of the individuals or groups providing images; therefore, the information in this report is not necessarily representative of the views of these individuals, organizations, or groups. Acknowledgements The author and OST thank Dr. Stephen Weisberg, Executive Director of the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project and member of the OPC Science Advisory Team (OPC-SAT), a multidisciplinary team of scientists, for providing a preliminary review of the first draft.
    [Show full text]