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Himeji Castle, Hyōgo
Himeji Castle, Hyōgo Location: Hyōgo Prefecture Date: Original construction dates from 1333, but the current structure was built between 1580-1610 Patron: Toyotomi Hideyoshi and enlarged c 1610 by Ikeda Terumasa. Scale: 140m (east-west axis) x 125m (north-south axis). 91m above sea level. Stone wall of the main keep 15m high; the main keep is 31.5m high. There are 27 towers, 11 wells and 21 gates. Scope of work: WAR; Architecture beyond the European tradition. Materials: primarily wood and stone Style/Period: Renritsu/Azuchi–Momoyama Art History in Schools CIO | Registered Charity No. 1164651 | www.arthistoryinschools.org.uk Himeji Castle, Hyōgo Introduction Japan’s most magnificent castle, a Unesco World Heritage Site and one of only a handful of original castles remaining. Nicknamed the ‘White Egret Castle’ for its spectacular white exterior and striking shape emerging from the plain. Himeji is a hill castle, that takes advantage of the surrounding geography to enhance its defensive qualities. There are three moats to obstruct the enemy and 15m sloping stone walls make approaching the base of the castle very difficult. Formal elements Viewed externally, there is a five-storey main tenshu (keep) and three smaller keeps, all surrounded by moats and defensive walls. These walls are punctuated with rectangular openings (‘sama’) for firing arrows and circular and triangular openings for guns. These ‘sama’ are at different heights to allow for the warrior to be standing, kneeling or lying down. The main keep’s walls also feature narrow openings that allowed defenders to pour boiling water or oil on to anyone trying to scale the walls. -
Galloway-Glens-All-Combined.Pdf
000 600 000 590 000 580 000 570 000 560 000 550 KEY GGLP boundary Mesolithic sites 000 240000 250000 260000 270000 280000 540 Figure 4: Mesolithic elements of the historic environment Drawn by: O Lelong, 10.8.2017 ± Map scale @ A3: 1:175,000 000 600 000 590 000 580 000 570 000 560 KEY GGLP boundary Burnt mound 000 Cairn 550 Cup and ring marks Hut circle Standing stone Stone circle 000 240000 250000 260000 270000 280000 540 Figure 5: Neolithic to early BA elements of the historic environment Drawn by: O Lelong, 10.8.2017 ± Map scale @ A3: 1:175,000 000 600 000 590 000 580 000 570 000 560 000 550 KEY GGLP boundary Axehead, axe hammer (stone) Axehead, palstave, dirks etc (bronze) 000 240000 250000 260000 270000 280000 540 Figure 6: Find-spots of Bronze Age metalwork and battle axes Drawn by: O Lelong, 10.8.2017 ± Map scale @ A3: 1:175,000 000 600 000 590 000 580 000 570 000 560 KEY 000 GGLP boundary 550 Dun Fort Possible fort Settlement 000 240000 250000 260000 270000 280000 540 Figure 7: Late Bronze Age to Iron Age elements of the historic environment Drawn by: O Lelong, 10.8.2017 ± Map scale @ A3: 1:175,000 000 600 000 590 000 580 000 570 000 560 KEY 000 GGLP boundary 550 Enclosure Find-spot Fort annexe Temporary camp 000 240000 250000 260000 270000 280000 540 Figure 8: Roman elements of the historic environment Drawn by: O Lelong, 10.8.2017 ± Map scale @ A3: 1:175,000 000 600 000 590 000 580 000 570 000 560 KEY GGLP boundary Abbey 000 Castle or tower house 550 Church, chapel or cemetery Motte Settlement Well 000 240000 250000 260000 270000 -
Heritage at Risk Register 2016, East of England
East of England Register 2016 HERITAGE AT RISK 2016 / EAST OF ENGLAND Contents Heritage at Risk III North Norfolk 44 Norwich 49 South Norfolk 50 The Register VII Peterborough, City of (UA) 54 Content and criteria VII Southend-on-Sea (UA) 57 Criteria for inclusion on the Register IX Suffolk 58 Reducing the risks XI Babergh 58 Key statistics XIV Forest Heath 59 Publications and guidance XV Mid Suffolk 60 St Edmundsbury 62 Key to the entries XVII Suffolk Coastal 65 Entries on the Register by local planning XIX Waveney 68 authority Suffolk (off) 69 Bedford (UA) 1 Thurrock (UA) 70 Cambridgeshire 2 Cambridge 2 East Cambridgeshire 3 Fenland 5 Huntingdonshire 7 South Cambridgeshire 8 Central Bedfordshire (UA) 13 Essex 15 Braintree 15 Brentwood 16 Chelmsford 17 Colchester 17 Epping Forest 19 Harlow 20 Maldon 21 Tendring 22 Uttlesford 24 Hertfordshire 25 Broxbourne 25 Dacorum 26 East Hertfordshire 26 North Hertfordshire 27 St Albans 29 Three Rivers 30 Watford 30 Welwyn Hatfield 30 Luton (UA) 31 Norfolk 31 Breckland 31 Broadland 36 Great Yarmouth 38 King's Lynn and West Norfolk 40 Norfolk Broads (NP) 44 II East of England Summary 2016 istoric England has again reduced the number of historic assets on the Heritage at Risk Register, with 412 assets removed for positive reasons nationally. We have H seen similar success locally, achieved by offering repair grants, providing advice in respect of other grant streams and of proposals to bring places back into use. We continue to support local authorities in the use of their statutory powers to secure the repair of threatened buildings. -
1.1 FORCELLA LAVAREDO (M
1.1 FORCELLA LAVAREDO (m. 2457) THE LAVAREDO PLATEAU After the saddle between Cima Grande (the “big summit”) and Cima Ovest (the western THE HEROIC DEATH OF GUIDE SEPP INNERKOFLER The itinerary follows the traces of the Italian soldiers that were firmly dug in all along summit), descend a short distance to the church that the Alpine soldiers that built it called From the diary by Angelo Loschi, a former stretcher bearer in the 267th Com- DESCRIPTION OF THE ROUTE the frontier, which had salients at the Col di Mezzo and Lavaredo passes. This defence “Our Lady of Theft” and take the old track which has partly conserved its ballasted wall pany of the Val Piave Battalion. From the Col di Mezzo pass (2,315 m) to the rocky foothills of Sasso di Lan- line also connected the look-out posts, machine-gun positions and artillery emplace- and runs among ruined structures. The remains of the Italian encampment are at the foot dro (2,536 m) then passing military installations to the west and to the east ments located on the passes between the three peaks of the Tre Cime di Lavaredo. of the Cima Piccola (the “low summit”); at the base of the Cima Piccolissima (the “very low ...When war broke out against Italy on 24 May 1915, there were few men to the Lavaredo pass. Markings: tracks. Descent: return to the Col di Mezzo pass The starting point is Forcella Col di Mezzo, the Col di Mezzo pass, which can be reached summit”) are the traces of the former stone marking the Italo-Austrian frontier up to 1915. -
The Castle Studies Group Bulletin Volume 26 May 2018
THE CASTLE STUDIES GROUP BULLETIN VOLUME 26 MAY 2018 Inside this issue Editorial Editorial 1 A few weeks ago the CSG Annual Diary Dates Conference took place; this year looking 1-2 at castles in south Munster in Ireland. Data Protection While there will be a full report of the 2 conference in the next journal, I want to CSG Oct Conference thank Brian Hodkinson and Dan Tietzch- 3 Tyler for organising it. I’m now very News in England much looking forward to the next annual 4-7 conference being held in the Midlands News in Ireland next year. 8-9 News in Wales Although the winter months are not particularly known for archaeological 10-12 News in Scotland excavations, as you will see in this 12-14 newsletter, there has been much conservation, restoration and survey Europe/World News work being undertaken recently. 15-17 Other News Thank you to all who have contributed or 21-23 suggested pieces for this bulletin, the deadline for the next bulletin is 25th Castle Studies Trust August. 20-21 M.Phil. & Ph.D. Therron Welstead Research CSG Bulletin Editor 22 …………………………………… Diary Dates Castle Studies: Current Research and the future 13 Oct 2018 Society of Antiquities of London Further information on page 3 CSG conference April Above: th th Carrigadrohid Castle 11 -14 April 2019 Above right: There will be a special pre-conference day on April 10th where we will CSG on safari in endeavour to cover 10 mottes / ringworks in the day. Ightermurragh Castle Further details will be included in the next newsletter 1 ©T. -
HISTORIOGRAPHY, SEARCH for DEFINITIONS, RESEARCH MODEL Vytautas Volungevičius
LITHUANIAN historical STUDIES 17 2012 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 1–38 THE CASTLE IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA: HISTORIOGRAPHY, SEARCH FOR DEFINITIONS, RESEARCH MODEL Vytautas Volungevičius ABSTRACT This article aims to reinterpret the castle in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, at the same time as evaluating the state of historiography and trends in terminology used in historical sources. Historiographical problems are defined from a comparative perspective. The author empha- sises interpretational issues which refer to the word ‘castle’ in different languages used in different sources. The newly formulated definition of the castle as a changing historical phenomenon expands the concept of the castle. This signifies that the castle was not a static subject. The castle is therefore perceived as an integral part of the historical social reality. This idea is based on certain material and socio-political assumptions. In theory, the castle is understood as an object of structures and social history, research into which should embrace different aspects of social reality: judicial, military-defensive, political-representational, economic- household. The proposed quaternary model of the research (1. The castle and its internal structure; 2. The castle and its external structure; 3. The particularity of the castles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 4. The disper- sion of castles in the territory of the state) presupposes the multi-layered perspective of the phenomenon of the castle, which guides from fact to process, from object to structure. The article states that the castle as a long time phenomenon cannot be perceived and interpreted separately from simultaneous socio-political circumstances which were formed by the local society. -
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2018 Undiscovered Undiscovered Europe 2015 Poland • Baltic States Europe • Czech Republic Hungary Poland • Slovenia • Czech •Republic Croatia Hungary • Slovenia • Croatia www.chopintours.com www.chopintours.com Let us be your guide to undiscovered Europe! We specialize in travel to Poland offering escorted tours with guaranteed departures, custom groups, special interest tours, individual FIT programs, health resorts, UNESCO sites, and much more... We are anxious to show you the variety of attractions in Poland and surrounding countries. Unsure of what to expect? Give us a call with your questions and we will be glad to help you plan an unforgettable trip to the undiscovered gems in the heart of Europe. Consumer travel protection registration #4343943 Visit us at: www.chopintours.com Useful information about Poland Passports: Travellers entering Poland with a Canadian or Credit / Debit cards: American Express, MasterCard, United States passport no longer require a visa for stays Visa, & Diner’s Club are widely accepted. of up to 90 days. Passport must be valid for at least six There is also an extensive network Automated Teller months beyond your stay in Poland. For further information Machines ( ATM ) throughout the country. please contact the Polish Consulate or Embassy in your country. Tipping: The customary tip in restaurants, cafes & taxis is 10 -15 %. Tips for porter’s in hotels & other services are at Currency: The official Polish currency is the zloty (PLN) travelers discretion. which is divided into 100 groszy. The bank notes: 500, 200, 100, 50, 20 and 10 zlotys. The coins: 5, 2, 1 zloty Time: Poland is in the Central European Time Zone: GMT and 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 grosz. -
15.1 FORTE COL VACCHER (M. 992) 15.2 MONTE TRANEGO
15.1 FORTE COL VACCHER (m. 992) THE FORT ON COL VACCHER pants could get to the terreplein and cross the roof of the left-hand side of inally, the gorge covered the same slopes and also the 3-metre wide access The fine almost entirely tarmac road goes through the Manzago wood on the the fort or cross an armoured bridge that went past the courtyard to the right. road to the fort from Tai, which continued to ascend eastwards from the open DESCRIPTION OF THE ROUTE north slopes of Mount Zucco, and has a number of variations. The original path There was a ditch in front of the fort 8 to 10 metres wide, which ended to the space in front of the entrance up to a height of 800 metres. The fort can be reached easily after a pleasant walk in the woods of Tai di Cadore, taken by the cart track is the central one, but there is a fork at an altitude of north in a wall perpendicularly above a steep hillside, with an inclined scarp The artillery consisted of 8 medium- and 3 small-calibre pieces on the right along a road that is open to traffic. The route is almost entirely in the shade in 870 metres that can be taken leading to the slopes of Ciaupa, where two gun (45% gradient) walled into the right-hand part and about 30 metres high at and from 6 to 11 small-calibre pieces flanking the ditch. In the event of war, quite a secluded and silent area. -
Heritage at Risk Register 2015, East of England
East of England Register 2015 HERITAGE AT RISK 2015 / EAST OF ENGLAND Contents Heritage at Risk III North Norfolk 46 Norwich 51 South Norfolk 53 The Register VII Peterborough, City of (UA) 57 Content and criteria VII Southend-on-Sea (UA) 60 Criteria for inclusion on the Register IX Suffolk 61 Reducing the risks XI Babergh 61 Key statistics XIV Forest Heath 62 Publications and guidance XV Ipswich 63 Mid Suffolk 63 Key to the entries XVII St Edmundsbury 65 Entries on the Register by local planning XIX Suffolk Coastal 68 authority Waveney 72 Bedford (UA) 1 Thurrock (UA) 72 Cambridgeshire 2 Cambridge 2 East Cambridgeshire 3 Fenland 5 Huntingdonshire 7 South Cambridgeshire 9 Central Bedfordshire (UA) 13 Essex 15 Braintree 15 Brentwood 16 Chelmsford 17 Colchester 17 Epping Forest 19 Harlow 21 Maldon 21 Tendring 22 Uttlesford 25 Hertfordshire 26 Broxbourne 26 Dacorum 27 East Hertfordshire 27 North Hertfordshire 28 St Albans 30 Three Rivers 31 Watford 31 Welwyn Hatfield 32 Luton (UA) 32 Norfolk 32 Breckland 32 Broadland 38 Great Yarmouth 40 King's Lynn and West Norfolk 42 Norfolk Broads (NP) 46 II East of England Summary 2015 or the first time, we’ve compared all sites on the Heritage at Risk Register – from houses to hillforts – to help us better understand which types of site are most F commonly at risk. There are things that make each region special and, once lost, will mean a sense of our region’s character is lost too. Comparing the East of England to the national Register shows that 40.7% of all mills and 15.5% of all enclosures are in our region. -
Mm Desc Text Rees,SE 1981 Pemb.Sams No.107
Mm Desc Text Rees,SE 1981 Pemb.SAMs No.107 Mm Desc Text Rigg,J 1977 Pembrokeshire Enclosure lists Derived Ring Mottes Mm File CADW 2002 Management Agreement SAM file,Pe107 Mm File CADW 2003 AM107 SAM file,PE107 Mm List DAT 1989 CR Carms CL89 Mm List OS 1965 SN01 NE2 Mm List PCM 1980 Card Index Pr C33 Mm Map Rees,W 1932 S.Wales & Border in 14th c. SW sheet Mm Place-name OS 1965 SN01 NE(M1)fieldname 'Castle Park' Pm Desc Text Hogg & King,AHA &DJC 1963 Arch.Camb Vol.112,p.91 Pm Desc Text King,DJC 1962 Arch.Journal Vol.119,p.315 Pm Desc Text RCAHM 1925 Pemb No.377,p.138 Pm List Crossley,DW 1963 BBCS Vol.20,Pt.II,p.202,No.50 Pm List Laws & Owen 1908 Pemb.Arch.Survey 116-5 Pm Mention SPARC The Landsker Borderlands - Llawhaden Parish File OTHER SOURCES CADW 2009 AM107 Documents DAT 2010 5685.pdf PRN 5716 NAME CASTLE PRETTY TYPE Unknown PERIOD Unknown NGR SN12560460 COMMUNITY Saundersfoot CONDITION Not Known STATUS Pembrokeshire Coast National Park EVIDENCE Placename Evidence SUMMARY Place-name of unknown significance. RPS August 2001 DESCRIPTION SOURCES Mm Desc Text Murphy,K 2004 Assessment of Prehistoric Defended Enclosures 2004-5, Report No 2004-100 ACA Reports Pm Map OS 1970 6" SN10 SW OTHER SOURCES PRN 5717 NAME CASTLE GREEN TYPE Unknown PERIOD Unknown NGR SN10923592 COMMUNITY Eglwyswrw CONDITION Not Known STATUS Pembrokeshire Coast National Park EVIDENCE Placename Evidence SUMMARY Place-name of unknown significance. RPS August 2001 DESCRIPTION SOURCES Mm AP Vertical Meridian Airmaps 1955 210-230 20822-3 Mm Desc Text Murphy,K 2004 Assessment of Prehistoric Defended Enclosures 2004-5, Report No 2004-100 ACA Reports Pm Map OS 1964 6" SN13 NW OTHER SOURCES PRN 6394 NAME CASTLE TERRACE TYPE Dwelling PERIOD Post-medieval NGR SM98290155 COMMUNITY Pembroke CONDITION Not Known STATUS Listed Building LB II EVIDENCE Building SUMMARY Dwelling in Pembroke. -
Local Authority Index No Scheduled Monument Case Ref Proposed
List of SMC Applications lodged in financial year 2013-14 Local Index No Scheduled Case Ref Proposed Works Date of Decision Decision Authority Monument Application Date Aberdeenshi 988 Kincardine Castle 201300604 Kincardine Castle - Hand excavation of 26/04/13 07/06/13 Granted With re Council trench in kitchen area Conditions 7882 Kincardine Deer Dyke 201300606 Kincardine Deer Park and settlement N 26/04/13 07/06/13 Granted With and settlements N of of Burn of Garrol - Hand excavation of Conditions Burn of Garrol 2 trenches 8444 Leith Hall, two symbol 201301633 Leith Hall, two symbol stones - 12/06/13 15/07/13 Granted With stones Conserve and relocate two pictish Conditions stones to niches by the garden gate at Leith Hall 2583 Kindrochit Castle 201302440 Kindrochit Castle, Aberdeenshire: 12/07/13 22/07/13 Granted With Consolidation and conservation of all Conditions upstanding walls, improved site access, fencing and interpretation. 986 Dunnottar Castle 201302578 Dunnottar Castle, Stonehaven: 19/07/13 07/08/13 Granted With Removal of 2 No damaged stair treads Conditions and replacement with new materials to match existing. 986 Dunnottar Castle 201302615 Dunnottar Castle - Removal of existing 22/07/13 07/08/13 Granted With ticket kiosk and replacement with a Conditions new slightly larger insulated unit 986 Dunnottar Castle 201304719 Dunnottar Castle, Aberdenshire - 05/11/13 18/11/13 Granted With replacement of old information signs. Conditions 986 Dunnottar Castle 201305208 Dunnottar Castle, Stonehaven, 27/11/13 19/12/13 Granted With Aberdeenshire - Fitting of safety Conditions handrail above gatehouse wall. 6645 Banff, St Mary's parish 201306131 St Marys Church, Banff, Aberdeenshire 15/01/14 19/02/14 Granted With church and burial ground - To take down and reconstruct the Conditions defective area of masonry identified on the gate entrance into the kirkyard. -
Volume Two Appendix 1: Catalogue of Known, Suspected and Possible Villa Sites in Britain 4Ppendix 1 Introduction to the Catalogue of Known, Suspected and Possible
Volume Two Appendix 1: Catalogue of Known, Suspected and Possible Villa Sites in Britain 4ppendix 1_ Introduction to the Catalogue of Known, Suspected and Possible Roman Villas in Britain The existence of some villas can be held to be self-evident: they have been at least partially excavated and shown to be rectilinear masonry buildings, perhaps with baths, mosaics arid hypocausts. However, before a site is actually excavated - or given a thorough geophysical or successful aerial survey - it is difficult to discern its exact nature. Any surface scatter of Roman artefacts, particularly building debris, may indicate the presence of a villa. This presents the thorniest of problems to the compiler of a catalogue of possible villa sites, for a field scatter of Roman material may also represent the site of a temple, a mansio, a small town, a 'native settlement' or even a heavily manured field. Yet field scatters must be taken into account, because they may prove to be villas. They are certainly likely to prove to be a settlement of some sort. Even a light field scatter belies a much greater amount of material beneath the surface. Ebcperiments by Ainmerman (1985) and Parker- Pearson (pers. comm.) on the relationship of surface to sub-surface artefact densities have demonstrated that a relatively small amount of material - as little as 2% of the total - is present on the surface at any one time. These results have been confirmed with Roman material in Britain by Gaffney and Tingle (1985) at Maddle Farm (BK27) and by Hayfield at 1harram (NK37)(pers. Comm.).