1969 1969 a SUVE INA SOUTHAFRIA Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL
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1969 1969 A SUVE INA SOUTHAFRIA Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL R2.00 SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL Research Officer South African Institute of Race Relations I SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS P.O. BOX 97 JOHANNESBURG JANUARY, 1970 ACKNOWLEDGEM ENTS The writer's very appreciative thanks are expressed to all those who helped in the preparation of this Survey, in particular, again, to Dr. Ellen Hellmann, who went through the manuscript with her characteristic meticulous attention, offering most useful suggestions for its improvement, and to Mrs. A. Honeywill, who gave similar painstaking care to the checking of the proofs. One could not have had more pleasant and co-operative people with whom to work. Sincere gratitude is extended, too, to all those who helped by contributing material, supplying information, or replying to questions. Among them were Members of Parliament of various parties; officials of the Departments of Bantu Administration and Development and of Bantu Education, the Transkeian Education Department, and other government departments; the Human Sciences Research Council; officials of a number of municipalities; the Registrars of the universities and university colleges; the South African Council of Churches; the Christian Institute of Southern Africa; the Black Sash; the South African Indian Teachers' Association; many trade unionists; members of the Executive Committee and regional representatives and members of the South African Institute of Race Relations; Mrs. M. Britten, Mr. John D'Oliveira, and Mrs. B. Israel. Any publication of the Institute of Race Relations represents a team effort. Particular thanks are due to the Institute's administrative, library, and typing staff. The writer is very appreciative, too, of the co-operation given by the printers, the Natal Witness (Pty.) Ltd. NOTE This Survey is stated to be for the year 1969. As it was wished to have it published early in the new year, however, it was impossible to include mention of certain events that took place during the closing weeks of December. This will be done in the next issue. All dates mentioned refer to the year 1969 unless otherwise stated. Printed by THE NATAL WITNESS (PTY) LTD. 244 Longmarket Street Pietermartizburg Natal CONTENTS POLITICAL PARTY DEVELOPMENTS N ational Party .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... The United and Progressive Parties Coloured Persons' Representative Council ........ Attitudes of Coloured People .... .... .... .... .... South African Indian Council .... .... .... .... .... A frican attitudes .... .... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH RACE The Churches S.A. Institute of Race Relations .... ........... S.A. Bureau of Racial Affairs .... .... .... .... .... The Black Sash .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... V oluntary service .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Page .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... RELATIONS .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 1. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... THE POPULATION OF SOUTH AFRICA Size of the population .... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Population Registration Amendment Act, No. 106 of 1969 ........ Objections made to racial classifications .... .... .... .... .... .... Possible reclassification of Coloured people living in African resi,d en tial areas .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Some cases of hardship under the Population Registration Act .... Bantu Homelands Citizenship Bill .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Im m o rality .... .... .... .... .... .... ... ... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. SECURITY MEASURES Expenditure on D efence .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Strength of the Defence Force .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... D efence equipm ent .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Training in unconventional warfare ................... .... ........ P etroleum gas .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Bureau for State Security ........ General Law Amendment Act, No. 101 of 1969 ("BOSS Bill")...... Further disqualification for voters .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... CONTROL OF PUBLICATIONS Publications and Entertainments Amendment Act, No. 85 of 1969 .... Activities of the Publications Control Board .................. Complaints to the Press Council .... .... .... .... .... ............ CONTROL OF PERSONS Prohibition of Disguises Act, No. 16 of 1969 .... .... .... .... .... B anning orders .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... "Listed" persons .... .... .... ........... .... .... .... .... ........ People living abroad who cannot be quoted in South Africa ........ Trials for contravening banning orders .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Mr. Robert M. Sobukwe.................................... Emergency regulations in the Transkei .... .... .... .... .... .... .... T ravel docum ents .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... iv A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS, 1969 Admission of Persons to and Departure from the Republic Regulation Amendment Act, No. 38 of 1969 ........................ 47 Banishment of Africans .... .... ........... .... .... .... .... .... 48 THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE Criminal statistics ....................................... 49 Prosecutions under laws relating to African passes and taxation .... 51 Disparate sentences ....................................... 52 Comment on crime and the treatment of offenders ................ 53 Abolition of Juries Act, No. 34 of 1969 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 54 Conduct of the police and prison warders: Statistics (55), Prison van deaths (55) Conditions in prisons ............. ...................... 57 Police reservists and home guards .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 59 African prison warders .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 59 Legal Aid Act, No. 22 of 1969 .... ........................ 59 Voluntary Legal Aid Bureau, Johannesburg ........................ 61 DETENTIONS AND TRIALS IN SOUTH AFRICA UNDER THE SECURITY LAWS Numbers detained and convicted in 1968 ....................... 62 Trials of certain persons detained prior to mid-1969: Pietermaritzburg trial (64), Men arrested in Victoria West (64), Men arrested in Graaff Reinet (65), Bakwena-ba-Mokgopa tribesmen (66), Bakubung tribesmen (66) Deaths during detention .... .... ....... .... .... .... .... .... .... 68 Detentions in mid-1969 .... .............................70 Charges under the Suppression of Communism Act ................ 71 GUERRILLA ACTIVITIES South-W est Africa .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 72 Rhodesia ........... ...................................73 Portuguese territories ......... .............................. 74 FOREIGN AFFAIRS The U nited N ations .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 76 Conferences of leaders of African states ..................... 78 Relations between South Africa and neighbouring states ............ 79 EMPLOYMENT The econom ic situation .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 81 The cost of living: Consumer price index (81), Minimum family budgets for Africans at Soweto (82) Incomes of Africans ......... ............................... 83 Indian budgets in Durban ........ .......................... 83 Coloured families in the Cape ........... .... .... .... .... .... .... 84 W age regulating machinery .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 84 Manpower Training Bill .... .... ....... .... .... .... .... .... .... 85 Industrial Conciliation Amendment Bill ............................ 86 Some recent comments on the use of manpower .................... 86 Job reservation .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 89 Clauses of the Bantu Laws Amendment Bill dealing with the employment of Africans .... 90 Certain action taken under the Physical Planning Act of 1967 ........ 92 Economically active persons .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 94 CONTENTS V The manufacturing industry .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 94 Border industries ....... .... ..........................95 Other economic development areas .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 99 Indian-owned manufacturing concerns .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 100 Employment: Agriculture .... ...... ........ .. .................. .... 101 Mining ................................................ 104 Building construction ......... .......................... 106 Commerce and finance .......... ...................... 107 The public service, provincial administrations, and local authorities .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 10 8 The Railways Administration .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 110 Taxi drivers and owners .... .... ....... .... .... .... .... .... III Seamen and dockworkers .... ........... .... .... .... .... .... 111 Domestic servants .... ............................. 112 African professional men and women .....................113 Trade unionism: Membership figures (114), Trade Union Council of S.A. (115), S.A. Confederation of Labour (117), Suggested meeting of labour leaders (117), African unions (118) The working of the Bantu Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act .... 118 THE AFRICAN RESERVES The extent of the Reserves .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 119 The extent of black spots .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 120 Areas occupied