A STUDY OF COLLOCATIONS AND MOVE ANALYSIS OF ONLINE INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL PROFILE 'ABOUT US': A COMPARISON BETWEEN THAI AND SINGAPOREAN HOSPITALS
BY
MISS PATTRA SRISUWATANASAGUL
AN INDEPENDENT STUDY PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN CAREER ENGLISH FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION LANGUAGE INSTITUTE, THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2016 COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY A STUDY OF COLLOCATIONS AND MOVE ANALYSIS OF ONLINE INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL PROFILE 'ABOUT US': A COMPARISON BETWEEN THAI AND SINGAPOREAN HOSPITALS
BY
MISS PATTRA SRISUWATANASAGUL
AN INDEPENDENT STUDY PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN CAREER ENGLISH FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION LANGUAGE INSTITUTE, THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2016 COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY
(1)
Independent Study Paper Title A STUDY OF COLLOCATIONS AND MOVE ANALYSIS OF ONLINE INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL PROFILE 'ABOUT US': A COMPARISON BETWEEN THAI AND SINGAPOREAN HOSPITALS Author MISS PATTRA SRISUWATANASAGUL Degree Master of Arts Major Field/Faculty/University Career English for International Communication Language Institute Thammasat University Independent Study Paper Advisor Chanika Gampper, Ph.D. Academic Years 2016
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the section headings, move patterns and the adjectives used to describe ‘hospital’ in online international hospital profiles (OIHP) ‘about us’ between Thai and Singaporean hospitals. The corpora consisted of eight texts from hospital profile ‘about us’ from Thailand and Singapore. This study adapted the framework of Lam (2009) and Graham (2013) to analyze the section headings and move analysis in genre OIHP ‘about us’ overview and used AntConc, freeware corpus analysis toolkit (Anthony,2014) to seek the collocations between ‘adjectives + hospital’ at left span of 2:0. The results revealed that there were similarities between Thai and Singaporean hospitals in ‘Organization Profile’ that always occurred while three section headings did not exist in OIHP 'about us' in both Thai and Singaporean corpora. However, Thai and Singaporean hospitals OIHP ‘about us’ overview were different in terms of the opening move, weight of moves and move patterns. While Thai hospitals gave more weight to describe their services (Move S), the weight of moves in Singaporean hospitals was more balanced among the self-description (Move D), services (Move S) and credibility (Move C). Moreover, the adjectives were also used differently between Thai and Singaporean hospitals to describe ‘hospital’ in OIHP ‘about us’. In Thai corpus used ‘international’ and
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY (2)
‘private’ to describe the hospitals, whereas Singaporean hospitals used ‘general’, ‘first’ and ‘Asian’ to explain themselves in the OIHP ‘about us’. The findings also illustrated the persuasive strategy with regard to how Thai and Singaporean hospitals utilized language pattern to attract foreign patients to their hospitals through OIHP ‘about us’.
Keywords: OIHP 'about us' Overview, Move Analysis, Section Headings,Adjectives Used to Describe 'hospitals'
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY (3)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In Remembrance of His Majesty the King, King Bhumibhol Adulyadej, the late King Rama IV who is the Father to the nation. His Majesty King Bhumibol’s selflessness, generosity and compassion will always be remembered. Thanks for being an inspirational leader throughout my life. I will learn to follow in his footsteps forever.
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the opportunity to complete this IS. Firstly, special gratitude is given to my IS advisor, Dr. Chanika Gampper. She consistently provided me her time and steered me in the right the direction whenever she thought I needed it. I also gratefully indebted to the chairman, Assistant Professor Dr. Pragasit Sitthitikul, for valuable comments on this IS. I would also like to acknowledge my appreciation to the university staff at the Language Institute of Thammasat University who have supported me since my first degree with LITU in Graduate Diploma English for Careers in 2014 until now. I am also grateful to Khun Pimkarn Wasuwong, my classmate who provided me the supporting documents for my literature review when I started this IS. I would also like to thank the classmates in CEIC#18 who shared the same journey. Special mention goes to my team at Bumrungrad Academy and my lovely friends who have provided me moral and emotional support in my life. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and my siblings for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing this IS. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you.
Miss Pattra Srisuwatanasagul
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY (4)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page ABSTRACT (1)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (3)
LIST OF TABLES (6)
LIST OF FIGURES (7)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (8)
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3 Research Questions 2 1.4 Definition Of Terms 2 1.5 Scope of Study 3 1.6 Limitation of Study 3 1.7 Significance of Study 4 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5 2.1 Discourse Analysis 5 2.2 Genre Analysis 5 2.3 Move Analysis 6 2.4 Genre 'about us' 7 2.5 Language Used for Persuasive Messages 8 2.6 Corpus 9 2.7 Collocations 9 2.8 Definition and Classification of Adjectives 10 2.9 Previous Studies 10
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY (5)
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 12 3.1 Corpus Forming 12 3.2 Data Analysis and Procedures 14 3.2.1 Section Headings Identification 14 3.2.2 Move Analysis 14 3.2.3 Adjectives Used to Describe Hospitals 15 3.3 List of Moves 15 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 19 4.1 Frequency of Section Headings in 'about us' 19 4.2 Move Frequency and Cyclicity 23 4.2.1 Move Sequences 26 4.2.2 Cyclicity of Moves 27 4.2.3 Step Occurrences 28 4.3 Adjectives Collocations Patterns in OIHP 'about us' 29 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 31 5.1 Summary of Results 31 5.2 Discussion 32 5.3 Conclusion 35 5.4 Recommendations 36 REFERENCES 37 APPENDICES OIHP 'About Us' Overview in Singaporean Hospitals 42 OIHP 'About Us' Overview in Thai Hospitals 50 Examples of Concordance Lines of 'adj+hospital' at Left Span of 2:0 in 63 Thai Corpus Examples of Concordance Lines of 'adj+hospital' at Left Span of 2:0 in 64 Singaporean Corpus BIOGRAPHY 67
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY (6)
LIST OF TABLES
Tables Page 1 Short List of Thai Hospitals and Number of Texts in OIHP 13 2 Short Lists of Singaporean Hospitals and Number of Texts in OIHP 13 3 The Subjects, Procedures and Frameworks Used in the Study 14 4 Lists of Codes for Move Analysis (Adapted from Graham, 2013) 16 5 Percentage of Section Headings in 'about us' between Thai and Singaporean Hospitals 19 6 Hospitals Section Headings in OIHP 'about us' in Thai and Singaporean 21 Hospitals 7 Number of Words in Each Move in Thai and Singaporean Corpora 24 8 Move Sequences of OIHP ‘about us’ Overview 26 9 Moves Patterns between Thai and Singaporean OIHP ‘about us’ Overview 27 10 Weight of Steps in Each Move by Percentage of Words 28 11 The top ten collocation ‘adjectives+hospital’ in OIHP ‘about us’ in 30 Thailand and Singapore corpora
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY (7)
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Page 1 Move Occurrences in OIHP 25 2 Weight of Moves 25 3 Opening Move 26 4 Ending Move 26
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY (8)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Symbols/Abbreviations Terms
OIHP Online International Hospital Profiles
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Recently, ‘medical tourism’ in the healthcare business in Thailand has become more popular. Thai private hospitals gain higher revenue from foreign patients every year. Between 2001 and 2005, Thai private hospitals gained about 24 percent of revenue from foreign patients on average (Kasikornresearch, 2007). This trend drives Thai private hospitals’ desire to acquire more foreign patients to visit. However, according to an analyst from Kasikorn research center, several countries in ASEAN, e.g. Singapore and Malaysia, see this as a way to gain revenue for their countries too. They also emphasized that Thailand will be forced to adapt quickly to meet this competitive challenge (Kasikornresearch, 2012). To attract people to become customers, a company’s website plays a key role as the first contact point for potential customers to connect with the company through on-line channels in the digital world. When people hear about the company and they need to know more information, they may find the information on the Internet. Johnson (2013) asserts that the most important ‘page’ on the homepage is the company introduction, which is generally called ‘about us’. Johnson (2013) compares the ‘about us’ page to “speed-dating” between potential customers and the company. Therefore, the communication messages on the homepage including ‘about us’ must be very effective to convert the visitors to customers. As Martin (1992) suggests, the language used can reflect the purpose from the text structure in a specific genre. This includes the patterns of writing, organization, grammar and vocabulary. Singapore is obviously one of the leaders in terms of medical tourism in South East Asia. A report from the editorial team in Asia Rising TV.com, who referred to the research study from the International Healthcare Research Center, claims that Singapore is one of the countries that was ranked as the most attractive destinations for medical tourism in 2014 for healthcare seekers contemplating affordable treatment options (Asia Rising TV, 2014). Furthermore, Singapore uses English as an official language. Therefore, this study seeks to compare Thailand with Singapore as a role
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 2 model. The study aims to examine the online international hospital profiles ‘about us’ on the company website to report how hospitals organize the writing patterns. Move analysis and genre analysis are used as the framework for investigation. Another tool for this study is AntConc, a freeware corpus analysis toolkit (Anthony,2014) used to identify what ‘adjectives’ authors use to describe their hospitals. By using the Corpus software, how certain words are used in what contexts can be identified. With this software, the results should be accurate and credible.
1.2 Research Objectives 1.2.1 To compare the section headings found in 'about us' in online profiles between Thai and Singaporean international hospitals. 1.2.2 To identify and compare the move patterns used in the 'overview', which is a part of ‘about us’ in online international hospital profiles between Thai and Singaporean hospitals. 1.2.3 To identify and compare the adjectives used to describe the 'hospital' in 'about us' in online international hospital profiles between Thai and Singaporean hospitals.
1.3 Research Questions 1.3.1 What are the section headings of 'about us' in online international hospital profiles in Thai and Singaporean hospitals and how different are they? 1.3.2 What move patterns are used in online international hospital profile overviews, which is a section in 'about us', and how are they different between Thai and Singaporean corpora? 1.3.3. What adjectives are used to describe 'hospital' in online hospital profiles 'about us' and how are they different between Thai and Singaporean hospitals?
1.4 Definition of terms Move: a series of text that can be a sentence, a phrase, a paragraph or a series of paragraphs that authors use in the online international
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 3
hospital profiles for a communicative purpose in the genre ‘about us’. Step: text organization which is smaller than move. Weight of move: the percentage of words in each move, calculated from the total number of words in a text. Online international hospital profile (OIHP) : the information of international hospitals in online websites from selected Thai and Singaporean hospitals. ‘about us’: : the page that reveals the background of the company and presents their business to customers. Overview : the introduction part which is a section in ‘about us’ in online international hospital profiles.
1.5 Scope of study The study aims to analyze the data from ‘about us’ in the OIHP from eight hospitals (43,490 words). Four hospitals are in Singapore (29,631 words) while the other four are in Thailand (13,859 words). First, each hospital’s section headings in ‘about us’ will be identified and compared against Lam’s (2009) model. Moreover, the adjectives used to describe the ‘hospital’ in this section will be identified and counted by AntConc, a freeware corpus analysis toolkit(Anthony,2014) with a left span of 2:0. Since the ‘overview’ is a shared section in OIHP ‘about us’, texts in the ‘overview’ section were used to conduct the move analysis. Move patterns in four overviews from the Thai corpus with 1,391 words and four from Singapore corpus with 1,388 words were identified with Graham’s (2013) model.
1.6 Limitations of the Study A small size of text data is one of the limitations in this study. The corpus of OIHP in this study was constructed from only four hospitals from each country: Thailand and Singapore. Moreover, the texts were selected from a particular section in ‘about us’ only. Lastly, the text corpus is from English language only. These may not
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 4 be generalized to all hospitals in Thailand and Singapore or all sections of the contents of the OIHP on hospital websites.
1.7 Significance of Study The results may be useful for English language learners to learn how to use the language in the company profiles in terms of persuasive writing in the online commercial world. In addition, Thai hospitals may apply the patterns, structures, word choices of adjectives use for persuasive messages in online company profiles from Singaporean hospitals that use English as the second language or the constitutional language in the country. Lastly, the materials can be applied for training courses covering writing skills in English for public relations.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 5
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the relevant literature that supports the theoretical framework for the study. It is divided into nine main sections. The discussion starts with the discourse analysis. Then, the explanation of move analysis and genre analysis is provided. The next section concerns the genre ‘about us’, language used in persuasive messages, corpus, collocations and adjectives. The chapter ends with relevant studies.
2.1 Discourse analysis Paltridge (2006) claims that discourse analysis not only examines the pattern of language but also investigates the relationship between language, social and cultural contexts. Both written and spoken texts can be analyzed for occurrences at the sentence level. Furthermore, discourse analysis is also interested in the thoughts that people organize and present in both spoken and written languages (Zhangsirikul, 2012). In this study, discourse analysis is applied for analyzing the patterns, structure and organization of language that the authors use to present their hospitals in international hospital profiles ‘about us’ on websites in the particular section of ‘overview’.
2.2 Genre analysis Swales (1990) discusses the criteria for establishing research articles as a genre. Swales’ framework also provides an overview of move analysis, which is the general guideline for the present study. Move analysis has been defined differently by many linguists. However, it seems that Swales’ definition is the best because it addresses the weaknesses of other definitions. The definition focuses on the relationship between the communicative purpose and the structure of the texts from the text organization level to the syntactic level. Additionally, he provides a guideline for considering whether a particular text is a genre or not. By following his guideline, we are able to distinguish the numerous
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 6 texts in a particular genre, which can be further investigated for typical linguistic features and rhetorical organization.
2.3 Move analysis The terms ‘move analysis’ and ‘genre analysis’ are used interchangeably (Kanoksilapatham, 2012). However, linguists define the meaning of these terms differently. For example, Hyland (2002) uses the term ‘genre’ to refer to socio- cultural aspect of each text type rather than the linguistic features of texts. In contrast, Swales (1990, 2004), Allison (1999) and Biber and Conrad (2009) define the term ‘genre’ as the study of organization patterns of texts. For this reason, news articles, business letters, grant proposals or research articles are different genres because they have different rhetorical structures. There is an overlap in the meaning of move analysis or genre analysis according to Hyland, Swales, Allison, Biber and Conrad. The terms can refer to only the study of the linguistic features of texts when they are written by writers who share common background knowledge, cultures and communicative purposes. Once a text is constituted as a genre, each genre also consists of specific text structures, which are ‘move’ and ‘step’ (Swales, 1981). Kanoksilapatham (2005, 2007d) gives a clear definition and describes the characteristics of move as a text compartment that has communicative function. As a result, a move is not syntactically restricted. It can be a sentence, a phrase, a cluster of sentences, a paragraph or a series of paragraphs. And the set of moves carry the communicative purpose of a specific genre (Basturkmen, 2006, p. 56). This is to say, move is the text segment which shares the same communicative goal. Meanwhile, the texts in the same move type do not need to have the same structures; they can be written in sentences or phrases but they need to carry the same communicative function. Additionally, a ‘step’ is a subunit of a move. One move can consist of many steps that contribute to the communicative function of a move. Kanoksilapatham (2005) also describes the traditional method of conducting move analysis. Once the text is segmented into moves and steps, the moves and steps are labeled according to their communicative functions. In some studies (Biber et al.,
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 7
2009), researchers have also analyzed the linguistic features such as the grammatical and lexical features presented in each move or step. In one text, the occurrence of the same move might happen many times especially when the text is long. This phenomenon is called ‘cyclicity of moves’. On the contrary, some moves might happen only once. Furthermore, the occurrence of the same move in the whole corpus can be divided into two types: conventional moves and optional moves. A conventional move is a move that occurs sixty percent of the time or above based on the whole corpus being analyzed. In contrast, an optional move is a move with a degree of frequency below sixty percent of the whole corpora being analyzed (Kanoksilapatham, 2005).
2.4 Genre 'about us' According to Tan (2013), the ‘about us’ page provides an autobiography and description of a business for customers and/or visitors. In summary, the purposes of ‘about us’ page are to explain and introduce the company, institution, or groups. On the other hand, ‘about us’ terminology is ‘who we are’, or ‘company profile’. Furthermore, Casan-Pitarch (2015) claims that ‘about us’ pages are used as companies’ introduction and the section in the form of pages can be defined as a ‘genre’. Graham (2013) states that the key objective of ‘about us’ pages is to assist companies by telling the story of their business. He also suggests that the ‘about us’ site is formed by one single page including the items listed below. The guidelines companies typically follow for writing the ‘about us’ pages are as follows (Graham, 2013): 1) Introduce and explain how the company started; 2) State the origin of the business; 3) Tell the story behind the products: how they are made and designed; 4) Share the creative inspiration for the company’s products and management; 5) Present the company’s or owner’s background experience with the aim of establishing instant credibility; 6) Discover the companies’ visions, dreams, and aspirations; and 7) Link work, values and beliefs with motivation.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 8
However, it is also possible to find ‘about us’ pages composed of different sections. Lam (2009) suggests another form of ‘about us’ in general that is divided into ten possible sections that shown below: A) Organizational profile B) Contact information C) Disclaimers and legal information D) Customers and partners E) Employment opportunities F) Public relations G) The Annual report and investor relations H) Community involvement I) FAQ: Frequently asked questions J) Site Credits In this study, the guidelines from Lam (2009) were used to identify the section headings in OIHP ‘about us’. Meanwhile, the framework from Graham (2013) was adapted to analyze the moves in OIHP ‘about us’ overview in order to determine the similarities and differences between Thai and Singaporean hospitals.
2.5 Language Used in Persuasive Messages According to Guffey and Babcock (2010), persuasive ability is a key factor for successful business messages. To overcome possible resistance, the writer should lay the bricks with a logical writing plan. A plan for a persuasive message requires deliberate development. Some parts which are relevant to this study for persuasive messages are as follows: A. Build interest: Using facts, stating statistical numbers, providing expert opinions, giving examples, offering specific details, and pointing out the direct and indirect benefits. B. Reduce resistance: Building credibility, demonstrating competency, showing values. Guffey and Babcock (2010) state that there are nine ways to hook a reader, which include facts, product features, and testimonials.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 9
Some techniques to build desire and overcome resistance that are applied to this study are testimonials, names of satisfied users, and performance tests, polls, or awards. The study applies only some elements that were shown in the language features for persuasive messages to analyze the results in chapter 5.
2.6 Corpus Corpus is defined as “a collection of texts, written of spoken, which is stored on a computer” (O’Keefe, McCarthy & Carter, 2007, p.1). Software can be applied for analyzing large amounts of texts stored in a computer. O’Keefe, McCarthy & Carter (2007) claim that corpus software examines the context use of single words or phrase that can be investigated by frequency lists. Additionally, by using corpus techniques for investigation, we can see the context use, which is shown in frequency lists of single words. The statistics also illustrate the forms of collocations, the clusters, and the number of occurrences of words. Because of number of words are shown in the form of frequency, it seems that the validity can be proved. The number of occurrences shows how native speakers apply those words in daily life in individual and combined forms. This is to say, the quantitative analysis is from the occurrences of words or phrases that have been analyzed using corpus software. In this study, the researcher used corpus software to analyze and compare the uses of ‘adjectives in the OIHP corpora in ‘about us’ to explain ‘hospital’ between Thai and Singaporean hospitals.
2.7 Collocations 'Collocations' are usually defined as "sequences of lexical items which habitually co-occur [i.e. occur together]" (Cruse 1986, P.40). The first linguist who introduced the term collocation was Firth, who identified the meaning of a collocation’s lexical meaning “at the syntagmatic level" (Firth 1957, P.196). However, O’Keefe, McCarthy & Carter (2007) define collocations as probable, but not certain or deterministic events which result from the use of speakers of any language.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 10
According to Lewis (2000), McCarthy and O’Dell (2005), the collocation concept changes the priority from single words to combined words as integrated chunks of meaning and usage.
2.8 Definition and Classification of Adjectives Dictionary.com defines adjective as a class of word used to modify nouns and pronouns, and mainly describe a specific word they modify. Dixon, R.M. (1977) explains that an adjective is a word that provides more information about the object for describing, identifying, modifying, or quantifying something. Adjectives in English can be classified into many categories. According to Col, Jeananda. (1996), they can be divided as follows: a) quantity - few, no, one, two, three, four, little, some, every, each, ... b) size, weight - heavy, light, big, small, little, tiny, fat, thin, portly, ... c) age - young, old, baby, babyish, teenage, ancient, recent, modern, ... d) miscellaneous qualities- full, empty, wet, dry, open, closed, ornate, ... e) time - early, late, morning, night, evening, everlasting, punctual, ... f) origin/location - lunar, northern, oceanic, polar, Australian, ... Adjectives can appear in the following forms: a. The positive form, for instance, happy, sad, unusual. b. The comparative form is used for comparing two people or things, for examples, sadder, happier, and more unusual. c. The superlative form is used for comparing one person or thing with every other member of their group, for instance, happiest, saddest, and most unusual.
2.9 PREVIOUS STUDIES Casan-Pitarch (2015) studied the ‘about us’ pages on corporate websites as a genre. The objective of this study was to identify the different sections in ‘about us’ page. The focus was on the webpages of banks. The results of this study showed that a form of genre called the ‘about us’ was possible, and this genre includes obligatory and optional moves and steps derived from banking interests and needs. The site can be formed by one single page including a description of the company’s origin, history,
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 11 vision, attitudes, or present the company’s owner and employee among others (Graham, 2013). It is also possible to find the ‘about us’ genre in the form of a whole website consisting of different pages and sections, and this amounts to an extended version of the ‘about us’ genre. Lam (2009), suggests that the genre ‘about us’ includes ten possible moves that represent ‘profiles’, ‘contact information’, ‘disclaimers, and legal information’, ‘customers and partners’, ‘public relations’, and ‘investor relations’ among others. Nevertheless, not all of ten moves are always obligatory; some of them are optional. The move ‘Organizational Profile’ could be divided into three steps: ‘Presentation’, ‘History’ and ‘Products and Services’; All of these steps were obligatory in the ‘about as’ in banks’ websites. Wei (2014) investigated different sections and various kinds of fixed expressions or prefabricated adjectives and verb collocations occurring in online smartphone press releases (OSPR). The collocation of adjective+noun, noun+adjective, verb+noun, and noun+verb in OSPR were examined. The findings indicated that the purpose of self-promotion was carried while ostensibly being informative in press releases. The move patterns found in this study enable leaners to be aware of the move sequences in press release writing. The researcher recommended using the research findings to improve English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 12
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodology used in this study. The chapter begins with the corpus, which illustrates the criteria for samples selection. The next part shows the processes of the data analysis procedures for understanding how research was conducted. At the end of the chapter, the framework of the move analysis is provided.
3.1 Corpus Forming There were eight steps to select the samples of the hospitals in this study. The steps and criteria for selecting are as below: 1) To identify the top ranked hospitals in terms of quality of the websites, I visited http://hospitals.webometrics.info/en. This website ranks the world’s hospitals from a purely academic point of view (Col,1996). As a result, 86 hospitals were found from Thailand and 47 hospitals were found from Singapore. 2) The top 30 ranked Thai and Singaporean hospitals from the Webometrics website were chosen. 3) Hospitals whose websites are in English only were chosen. From this criterion, there were 17 hospitals in Thailand, but all 30 hospitals in Singapore met this criterion. 4) Hospitals identified as ‘general hospitals’ were chosen. In this step, the list of hospitals in Thailand was reduced from 17 to 14 hospitals and Singaporean hospitals decreased from 30 to 17 hospitals. 5) Hospitals that achieved the same international standards were chosen. The JCI (Joint Commission International) accreditation was used because Lindquist (2017) claims that when people from the U.S. seek the same level of care and cleanliness as most American hospitals, they should start from seeking hospitals accredited by JCI. In this step, the list of hospitals in Thailand was reduced from 14 to 10 hospitals, and Singaporean hospitals were reduced from 17 to seven.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 13
6) Hospitals that provide language assistance for foreign patients were chosen, which is shown on the hospital website. After this step, the hospital lists from Thailand changed from ten to nine hospitals while the list from Singaporean hospitals change from seven to six. 7) Only one hospital from the same group of companies as the representative was chosen because their hospital profiles could have been written by the same person. Bangkok Hospital was chosen to represent the BDMS Group of companies, while Singapore General Hospital was chosen to represent Singhealth. The short list of Thai hospitals became four and Singaporean hospitals were also four. 8) The total number of words in the section ‘overview’ between Thai and Singaporean hospitals was compared. The number of words between the two corpora should be less than 15 percent different. The reason of comparing the number of words from both sides was because a greater number of words may create more move cyclicity patterns. Table 1: Short List of Thai Hospitals and Number of Texts in OIHP Overview Total ‘about us’ Item Thai Hospitals (words) (words) 1 Vejthani Hospital 668 3,347 2 Bangkok Hospital (BDMS) 277 3,920 3 Vibhavadi Hospital 264 3,328 Bumrungrad International 4 182 3,264 Hospital Total 1,391 13,859
Table 2: Short List of Singaporean Hospitals and Number of Texts in OIHP Overview Total ‘about us’ Item Singaporean Hospitals (words) (words) Singapore National University 1 555 7,958 Hospital Singapore General Hospital 2 398 7,971 (Singhealth) 3 Changi General Hospital 261 9,029 4 Tan Tock Seng Hospital 174 4,673 Total 1,388 29,631
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 14
3.2 Data Analysis Procedures The data analysis and procedures in this study were divided into three main parts as shown in Table 3.
Table 3: The Subjects, Procedures and Frameworks Used in the Study RQ Subjects Procedures Framework Compare section Lam’s (2009) RQ-1 Texts from ‘about us’ headings model Texts in overview which is RQ-2 Move Analysis Graham (2013) part of ‘about us’ AntConc, a freeware ‘adj + hospitals’ RQ-3 Texts from ‘about us’ corpus analysis with left span of toolkit(Anthony,2014) 2:0
3.2.1 Section Headings Identification The first part was to identify the section headings in ‘about us’ by comparing with Lam’s (2009) model as follows: (1) List section headings in 'about us'. (2) Compare the section headings from each hospital against Lam's (2009) model. (3) Count the frequency of the occurrences of section headings. (4) Convert the number to percentage. (5) Compare and contrast between Singaporean and Thai corpora.
3.2.2 Move Analysis The second part was to analyze the moves of the ‘overview’ in the following steps: (1) Read the online hospital profile 'overview' and code the words, phrases, or sentences that follow the framework adapted from Graham (2013) to identify the move structures of online hospital profile 'overviews'.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 15
(2) Count the number of words to measure the weight of moves and convert the number to a percentage (3) Decide whether the moves are conventional or ‘obligatory’ or ‘optional’ according to Kanoksilapatham (2012). If a particular move happens in above 60%, it is called as conventional move or 'obligatory'; if the occurrence of a move is less than 60%, it is 'optional'. (4) Compare and contrast the weight of moves between the hospital profiles from Singapore and Thailand. (5) Identify the patterns of move cyclicity.
3.2.3 Adjectives Used to Describe ‘Hospital’ The third part is to identify the ‘adjectives’ used to describe ‘hospital’ using AntConc, a freeware corpus analysis toolkit(Anthony,2014) according to the steps below: (1) Chose the keyword ‘hospital’. (2) Use collocate function in AntConc, a freeware corpus analysis toolkit(Anthony,2014), to count the frequency of 'adjectives+hospital' with left span of 2:0. (3) Convert the number to percentage. (4) Compare and contrast the persuasive elements between Singapore and Thailand.
3.3 List of Moves The framework that was used to identify the organizational structure of online international hospital profiles in this study was adapted from the framework genre ‘about us’ from Graham (2013). Although the original guidelines of the company profiles in ‘about us’ that belong to Graham (2013) were ordered in seven moves, only four codes were selected to use in this study.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 16
Table 4: List of Codes for Move Analysis (adapted from Graham, 2013) Move name Code Step Self -Description Move D Describe DC - Describe the country as background information DI - Explain who they are and what they do DL - Inform where they are located DH - List milestone of company including important dates, number of years DV - Vision, mission, values, corporate cultures, motto, aspirations, passions and motivations DR - Link work to social responsibilities, connect the company to the customer and society, company’s CSR programs, and good governance Services Move S Describe the services they have: SG - Describe the services they offer in general SE - Describe the expertise or specialty services they have SF - Tell the number of resources (excluding staff) i.e. facilities, number of beds, equipment, technologies and the hospital’s capacity to serve patients Personnel Move P Present the qualifications, capability and the number of staff: PM - Describe the company’s management, PP - Describe the medical staff that include doctors, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists, radiologists, physical therapists etc. PS - Tell the number of staff Credibility Move C Establish credibility: CA - Present the company’s achievements and success through awards and recognition programs, prizes, certifications and accreditations
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 17
Move name Code Step CT – Present the word-of-mount and names of satisfied users as testimonials and public relations in different media such as on TV and/or magazines CN - Describe the quality by using adjectives for building credential CP - Present their group of company members, the collaboration with experts in any field as partnerships or suppliers as points of references on their reliability
(1) Move I : Introduce the company The description of the organizational profile is presented as ‘who you are’, ‘what you do’ and ‘where you are from’. The company or business group’s operations and enterprises are presented briefly in this section. The history of company is briefly presented in chronological order in this section including the key milestones of the company. This part may present what they want to be, their aspirations and dreams and what motivates the company to be successful, which includes the commitment of the company to customers, shareholders, employees and the society. (2) Move S: Service The services both general and their expertise or specialty that they have are described in this section. The numbers of resources such as facilities, medical technology or software and technologies are presented. However, their human resources are in move P. (3) Move P: Personnel The organization and corporate structure may be introduced in this move. The capability and capacity and number of staff, for examples, doctors, nurses, other professionals including support staff are presented in this section as texts and numbers.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 18
(4) Move C: Credibility To build the company’s image and build the confidence of customers and shareholders, the company website should show the key success story. This should present the aspects that make the company different from their competitors e.g. presenting awards and accreditations. Storytelling from customers in the form of testimonials that mention the names of satisfied users may be shared in different types of media. The company’s qualitative achievements in terms of gaining a trusted image and credibility are highlighted.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 19
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS
This chapter presents the results of the online international hospital profile (OIHP) ‘about us’ study. First, 4.1 reports the frequency and occurrences of the different section headings in ‘about us’ compared with Lam’s (2009) model. Second, 4.2 presents the move frequency in the ‘about us’ overview, while 4.3 reports the ‘adjectives’ used to describe the key word ‘hospital’ in ‘about us’. Lastly, 4.4 discusses the results between Thai and Singaporean hospitals.
4.1 Frequency of Section Headings in 'about us' Table 5 shows the frequency of section headings between Thai and Singaporean hospitals in percentage compared against Lam’s (2009) model between Thai and Singaporean hospitals and Table 6 reveals the section headings as they are called by Thai and Singaporean hospitals.
Table 5: Percentage of Section Headings in ‘about us’ between Thai and Singaporean Hospitals
Singaporean Section Heading Proposed by Lam Thai Hospitals Hospitals (2009) (%) N=4 (%) N=4 A) Organization Profile 100 100 B) Contact Information 75 - C) Disclaimers and Legal Information - - D) Customers and Partners 50 - E) Employment Opportunities 25 25 F) Public Relations 25 75 G) The Annual Report and Investor 25 50 Relations H) Community Involvement 50 50 I) FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions - - J) Site Credits - -
As can be seen in table 5, the A) Organization profile is always included in ‘about us’ both Thai and Singaporean hospitals. B) Contact information was the
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 20 second most frequent heading in Thai hospitals, while heading F) public relations was included for Singaporean hospitals at the same percentage (75%).
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 21
Table 6: Hospital’s Section Headings in OIHP ‘about us’ in Thai and Singaporean Hospitals
Thai Hospitals Singaporean Hospitals Section Singapore Bumrungrad Singapore Changi Tan Tock Seng Headings Vejthani Bangkok Vibhavadi National International General General University A) Organization Fact Sheet Bangkok About Corporate More About Hospital Overview About TTSH Profile hospital story Vibhavadi Information SGH Overview Hospital PCL. B) Contact Oversea Offices Contact us - Contacts - - - - Information & Representative
C) Disclaimers and ------Legal Information D) Customers and Insurance Patient’s ------Partners Company and story Partner E) Employment - Job - - - - Join Us - Opportunities Opportunities F) Public Relations - - - What People Newsroom - Corporate 1. TTSH News Say About Us Publications 2. TTSH Events G) The Annual - - - Investor Annual Report Annual - - Report and Relations Report Investor Relations H) Community - CSR - How We 1. Volunteer - - 1. TTSH Involvement Campaign Contribute to Programme Community the Community 2. Gifts to Fund Hospital 2. Volunteer at Arts for TTSH Health 3. Art of Healing
Programme
21
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 22
Thai Hospitals Singaporean Hospitals Section Singapore Bumrungrad Singapore Changi Tan Tock Seng Headings Vejthani Bangkok Vibhavadi National International General General University I) FAQ: ------Frequently Asked Questions J) Site Credits ------
22
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 23
From table 5 and 6, there were three sections that were not found in both Thai and Singaporean hospitals. These were: section headings C) Disclaimers and Legal Information, I) FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions and J) Site Credits. Only one hospital from both Thailand and Singapore included section heading E) Employment Opportunities in its OIHP. It is obvious that two of Singaporean hospitals emphasized the section heading H) Community Involvement with two sub-headings occurring in the same section. Similarly, one Singaporean hospital had two sub-headings in the same section under the section heading F) Public Relations.
4.2 Move Frequency and Cyclicity This part shows the results on the move patterns used in online international hospital profiles 'about us' between the Thai and Singaporean corpus. The results are presented in Tables 7-8 and Figures 1 – 4, 4.2.1, which report the move sequences and 4.2.2 shows the step occurrences.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 24
Table 7: Number of Words in Each Move in Thai and Singaporean Corpora Move Thai Hospitals Singaporean Hospitals Vejthani Bangkok Vibhavadi Bumrungrad Total of Singapore Singapore Changi Tan Tock Total of International words in National General General Seng words in each move University each move D (Self-Description) 100 108 66 14 288 189 98 114 74 475 - DC - country - 59 - - 59 ------DI - company intro 19 - - 11 30 1 2 2 5 10 - DL - location ------DH - history 51 15 5 3 74 - - 15 9 24 - DV- vision/mission 30 34 61 - 125 152 96 97 60 405 - DR - society/CSR - - - - - 36 - - - 36 S (Services) 16 46 79 44 85 120 172 109 56 457 - SG - general, overview 49 139 81 24 293 45 85 31 6 167 - SE - expertise/specialty - 7 160 - 167 35 53 38 14 140 - SF- facilities/equipment 67 - 138 20 225 40 34 40 36 150 P (Personnel) 19 - 30 - 49 3 4 - 7 14 - PM – management - - 8 - 8 ------PP – professional; 19 - 16 - 35 - - - - - doctors, nurses - PS - staff - - 6 - 6 3 4 - 7 14 C (Credibility) 29 23 193 124 369 243 124 38 37 442 - CA – awards and recognition 29 23 193 8 253 29 42 19 21 111 programs - CT – testimonials - - - 37 37 ------CQ – quality - - - 11 11 - 12 - 8 20 - CP – partnership - - - 68 68 214 70 19 8 311
Total of words in each hospital 264 277 668 182 1,391 555 398 261 174 1,388
24
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 25
The results shown in Table 7 were converted into percentage as can be seen in Figures 1-4.
Figure 1: Move Occurrences in OIHP ‘about us’ overview
120
100
80 60
40 Percentage 20 0 Move D Move S Move P Move C Singapore 100 100 50 100 Thailand 100 100 50 100
Figure 1 shows the same moves that occurred in both Thai and Singaporean hospitals OIHP ‘about us’ overview. With the criterion of 60% frequency (Kanoksilapatham, 2005), move D, S and C were found to be conventional moves in both Thai and Singaporean online hospital profiles ‘about us’ overview, while move P was optional move in both Thai and Singaporean OIHP ‘about us’ overview.
Figure 2: Weight of Moves by Percentage of Words
60.00
50.00 40.00 30.00
20.00 Percentage 10.00 0.00 Move D Move S Move P Move C Singapore 34.22 32.93 1.01 31.84 Thailand 20.70 49.25 3.52 26.53
As the percentage of words in Figure 2, move D and C had more weight in the Singaporean corpus, while move S had almost double the weight of move C in the Thai corpus.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 26
Figure 3: Opening Move
80.00 70.00
60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00
Percentage 20.00 10.00 0.00 Move D Move S Move P Move C Singapore 25.00 75.00 Thailand 75.00 25.00
In Figure 3, the opening moves between Thai and Singaporean OIHP ‘about us’ overview were different. While the Singaporean hospitals preferred to begin the overview with move C, the Thai hospitals chose move D instead at the same percentage (75%).
Figure 4: Ending Move
80 70 60 50 40 30
Percentage 20 10 0 Move D Move S Move P Move C Singapore 25 25 50 Thailand 50 25 25
Figure 4 shows that while half of Singapore corpus ended with move C, move D was used in the Thai corpus at the same proportion.
4.2.1 Move Sequences Table 8: Move Sequences of OIHP ‘about us’ Overview Singaporean Thai Move Sequence Move Sequence Hospital Hospitals Singapore S, D, C, D, C, D, C, S, P, S Vejthani D, C, D, S, P, S National University
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 27
Singaporean Thai Move Sequence Move Sequence Hospital Hospitals Singapore C, S, C, S, P, C, S, C, S, D Bangkok D, S, D, C, D, S, D General Changi C, S, C, D, S, D Vibhavadi D, S, D, S, P, S, C General Tan Tock Seng C, D, S, P, S, C Bumrungrad C, S, D, C, S, C, D, C
As can be seen in Table 8, the move patterns that occurred most often in Thai hospitals OIHP ‘about us’ overview were D-S-D and D-S-P. However, the move pattern that occurred most often in the Singaporean corpus was C-S-C.
4.2.2 Cyclicity of Moves
In both the Singaporean and Thai corpora, the self-description (Move D), the credibility (Move C) and services (Move S) were the most cyclical move and pattern for both the Singaporean and Thailand corpora as follows:
Table 9: Move Patterns between Thai and Singaporean OIHP ‘about us’ Overview Move Move Patterns Singapore Thailand D-C-D Yes Yes D D-C-S Yes Yes (Self-Description) D-S-D Yes Yes D-S-P No Yes C-D-C Yes Yes C-S-C Yes Yes C C-D-S Yes Yes (Credibility) C-D-C Yes Yes C-S-D Yes Yes C-S-P Yes No S S-C-D Yes Yes (Services) S-P-S Yes Yes
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 28
Move Move Patterns Singapore Thailand S-C-S Yes No S S-C-D Yes Yes (Services) S-D-C Yes Yes S-D-S No Yes
In Table 9, the different patterns in move D between Thailand and Singapore OIHP ‘about us’ overview was D-S-P. While in move C, the move pattern C-S-P occurred in the Singaporean corpus only. Lastly, there were two different patterns in move S that existed in one corpus only, which were S-C-S in the Singaporean corpus and S-D-S in the Thai OIHP ‘about us’ overview.
4.2.3 Step Occurrences
This section reports the steps occurrences used to inform and persuade the readers in each move. The results are presented in Table 10 to show the weight of the steps. Table 10: Weight of Steps in Each Move by Percentage of Words
Move/Step Singapore Thailand Move D (Self-Description) - DC – country - 20.49 - DI - company intro 2.11 10.42 - DL – location - - - DH – history 5.05 25.69 - DV– vision/mission 85.26 43.40 - DR – society/CSR 7.58 - Move S (Services) - SG – general, overview 36.54 42.77 - SE – expertise/specialty 30.63 24.38 - SF – facilities/equipment/technology 32.82 32.85
Move P (Personnel) - PM – management - 16.33
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 29
Move/Step Singapore Thailand - PP – medical staff; doctors, nurses etc. - 71.43 - PS – staff 28.57 12.24 Move C (Credibility) - CA – awards and recognition programs 25.11 68.56 - CT – testimonials - 10.03 - CQ – quality 4.52 2.98 - CP – partnerships 70.36 18.43
Table 10 shows the same steps in move D and move S occurred the most frequently in both the Thailand and Singaporean corpora. Although step DV, which represents the description of the vision and mission of both Thai and Singaporean hospitals, was used most often in move D (43.40%), the percentage of occurrences in Singapore corpus was double the Thai corpus (85.26%). In addition, the step SG or general explanation of services was used the most often to support move S. However, for move P, which represents personnel, the majority of the Thai corpus presented PP or medical staff such as doctors and nurses (71.43%), whereas a minority of Singapore corpus presented the step PS, which reports the staff number, to support move P (36.54%). Another difference lies in how the hospitals build credibility, while Thai hospitals present the awards and recognition programs to build credibility, Singaporean hospitals show their partnerships to achieve the same purpose.
4.3 Adjective Collocations with 'hospital' in OIHP 'about us'
The following section presents the results on adjectives that come before the key word 'hospital' with the left span of 2:0 in online hospital profile 'about us' between Thai and Singaporean hospitals. Table 11 presents the frequency and types of adjectives.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 30
Table 11: The top ten collocations ‘adjectives + hospital’ in OIHP ‘about us’ in Thailand and Singapore corpora
Adjective Singapore Thailand Classification Adjectives Freq. % Adjectives Freq. % general 35 5.27 international 4 6.06 acute 4 0.60 private 1 1.52 Miscellaneous national 4 0.60 - - - qualities tertiary 3 0.45 - - - public 3 0.45 - - - Origin adjectives Asian 25 3.77 - - - first 29 4.37 - - - Time order second 3 0.45 - - - Age adjectives new 8 1.20 - - - Size adjectives largest 4 0.60 - - -
Table 11 present the top ten adjective collocations with the key word ‘hospital’ which were found with 66 tokens in the Thai corpus and 664 tokens in the Singaporean corpus. Both countries most often used miscellaneous qualities to classify the hospitals. Thai hospitals most often called themselves ‘international’ (6.06%) and ‘private’ hospitals (1.52%) respectively, while a small percentage in the Singaporean corpus described themselves as ‘general’ hospitals (5.27%). Time order adjectives ‘first’ were used in a small minority (4.37%) to describe Singaporean hospitals, but this did not exist in the Thai corpus. The origin adjective ‘Asian’ was used in the Singaporean corpus to define their location (3.77%).
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 31
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The following parts present a summary of the results, discussion, the conclusion and recommendations of the study. The first part is a summary of results in chapter four, followed by a discussion of the study, the conclusion of the results and the recommendations for future study.
5.1 Summary of Results The following parts are a summary of the results in the study. In this study, the genre ‘about us’ of the banks’ corporate webpages from the previous study by Casan- Pitarch (2015), who adapted the framework of Graham (2013) and Lam (2009), was used to analyze online international hospital profiles ‘about us’. Firstly, the section heading A) Organization Profile existed in hospitals profiles ‘about us’ in both the Thai and Singaporean corpora when compared with Lam’s (2009) model. However, three section headings did not exist in both Thai and Singaporean corpus. These were C) Disclaimers and Legal Information, I) FAQ: Frequently asked questions and J) Site Credits. Singaporean hospitals emphasized Community Involvement. Secondly, the opening move of the Thai and Singaporean hospitals’ profile ‘about us’ overview were different. While Thai hospitals started with describing themselves (Move D), Singaporean hospitals opened by building credibility (Move C). In addition, the results from the weight of moves in Thai hospitals focused on explaining the services, whereas Singaporean hospitals focused on describing themselves, building credibility and explaining services. Moreover, both Thai and Singaporean hospitals most often described themselves with the step of vision and mission in move D, while the step of general explanation of services was most frequently used to support move S. While Thai hospitals presented awards and recognition programs to build credibility, Singaporean hospitals showed their partnerships to achieve the same purpose.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 32
Three moves in both the Singaporean and Thai corpora were the most cyclical move. These were self-description (Move D), the credibility (Move C) and services (Move S). However, the move patterns between Thai and Singaporean hospitals were different. Thai hospitals used the move patterns D-S-D and D-S-P as the most frequent patterns, but the move pattern C-S-C was used most often in Singaporean hospitals. Lastly, the adjectives used to describe hospitals in Thai and Singaporean corpora were different. In the Thai corpus, the miscellaneous quality adjectives ‘international’ and ‘private’ were adjectives that most often collocated with ‘hospital’ in the left span of 2:0, whereas those in of Singapore corpus were the miscellaneous quality adjectives ‘general’, ‘Asian’ and the time order adjective ‘first’.
5.2 Discussion In this section of the discussion, the findings of the research questions will be supported with empirical data. (1) What are the section headings of online international hospital profile 'about us' in Thai and Singaporean hospitals and how differently are they used? The ten section headings from Lam’s (2009) model of ‘about us’ can be used to analyze the section headings in the hospital profiles ‘about us’. The Organization Profile was found in both Thai and Singaporean corpora. This is in line with the previous study from Casan-Pitarch (2015), which found that almost a hundred percent of webpages in banks’ corporate webpages ‘about us’ had a Corporate Profile. However, three section headings from this model did not exist in both the Thai and Singaporean corpora, which were C) Disclaimers and Legal Information, I) FAQ: Frequently asked questions and J) Site Credits. In addition, there were two and three names that occurred in the same section heading in the Singaporean corpus, which was H) Community Involvement. This means that Singapore hospitals emphasized the company’s CSR activities.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 33
(2) What move patterns are used in online international hospital profile overview, which is a section in 'about us' and how are they different between Thai and Singaporean corpora? Differences between the Thai and Singaporean hospitals profiles ‘about us’ overview were found in the opening move. While Thai hospitals started to describe themselves (Move D), half of Singaporean hospitals opened with building credibility (Move C), which is in accordance with idea from Guffey and Babcock (2010) that techniques to build desire and overcome the resistance include testimonials, names of satisfied users, and performance tests, polls, or awards. From the criterion of 60% frequency (Kanoksilapatham, 2005), it can be concluded that move D, S and C were found to be conventional or ‘obligatory’ moves in both the Thai and Singaporean online hospital profiles ‘about us’ overview, while move P was an ‘optional’ move in both Thai and Singaporean OIHP ‘about us’ overview. As can be seen from the weight of moves, Thai hospitals predominantly explained the services, which is necessary as Guffey and Babcock (2010) state that to gain attention from readers, there are nine ways that can hook readers, for instance, facts, product features, and testimonials. Meanwhile, Singaporean hospitals described themselves, built credibility, explained services in a similar proportion. Put another way, Singaporean hospitals have more balanced content in hospital profiles ‘about us’ than Thai hospitals. Similarly, the description of vision and mission of Thai and Singaporean hospitals were used most often in move D, while a general explanation of services was most frequently used to support move S. In contrast, Thai hospitals presented the awards and recognition programs to build credibility, while Singaporean hospitals showed their partnerships to achieve the same purpose. It is possible that some moves will repeat in a cyclical fashion within a section of texts (Swales, 2004) and moves can be interrupted by another move type (Upton, 2009). In this study, the most cyclical move in both the Singaporean and Thai corpora were self-description (Move D), the credibility (Move C) and services (Move S). It is clear that the move patterns between Thai and Singaporean hospitals were different. In Thai hospitals, the move patterns D-S-D and
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 34
D-S-P occurred most frequently in hospital profiles ‘about us’ overview. For the first pattern, D-S-D, the move started with the self-description, and then explained the services they have and finally repeated self-description. The other pattern, D-S-P started in the same manner but ended with the information about the staff to ensure the adequacy and quality of human resources in the hospitals, especially the number and qualifications of medical staff. In contrast, the move patterns that occurred most often in Singaporean hospital profiles ‘about us’ overview was C-S-C. They first built credibility, then provided services information and finally reaffirmed their credibility. The key strategy of building credibility in Singapore corpus was strong partnerships and alliances between them and global or national institutions.
(3) What adjectives are used to describe 'hospital' in online hospital profiles 'about us' and how are they different between Thai and Singaporean hospitals? There were no common adjectives shared in both Thai and Singaporean hospitals. In the Thai corpus, ‘international’ was treated as important information to attract foreign patients. The adjective ‘international’ appeared in only the Thai corpus as part of hospital’s name. Moreover, it was under the awards and recognition programs section. It can be claimed that Thai hospitals use this term to inform the readers that their hospitals have an international standard and aim to attract international patients. It is clear that Singaporean hospitals did not emphasize this term because they have been one of the medical tourist destinations before Thailand. Another difference between the Thai and Singaporean corpora was the miscellaneous adjectives that classify the hospital, for examples, the word ‘general’ occurred in Singaporean hospitals, but ‘private’ occurred in ‘Thai’ hospitals. This can be explained by the fact that all Thai hospitals who aim to acquire foreign patients in this study were ‘private’ hospitals, whereas the Singaporean hospitals were ‘general’ and ‘public’ hospitals rather than ‘specialized’ and ‘private’ hospitals. However, the adjective ‘first’ was shown only in the Singaporean corpus. As can be seen, the ‘first’ occurred in section A) organization profile to narrate the history of the hospitals as the pioneer, for example, the hospitals usually
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 35 claimed that they were the ‘first’ to receive awards. Therefore, the ‘first’ is often presented in the step awards and recognition programs when building credibility. The adjective of miscellaneous quality ‘Asian’ was presented in only the Singaporean corpus. In addition, both countries presented the location because Singapore is in Asia. The adjective ‘Asian’ was used when referring to the awards and recognition programs, which were one of the awards in Asia or they were one of the hospitals in Asia who received this award. This means that it can be seen ‘Asian’ in the step awards and recognition programs when building credibility too.
5.3 Conclusion From the discussion above, the conclusions can be drawn as follows. The most important part of OIHP ‘about us’ from both countries was A) Organization Profile. Moreover, it can be concluded that three section headings from Lam’s (2009) companies’ profiles ‘about us’ were different from and OIHP ‘about us’ in the Thai and Singaporean hospitals. These were C) Disclaimers and Legal Information, I) FAQ: Frequently asked questions and J) Site Credits. However, the repetition of sub- headings under H) Community Involvement in Singaporean corpus reflected that the company’s CSR activities in Singaporean hospitals were more important than in Thai hospitals. The results from move patterns in OIHP ‘about us’ overview revealed that Thai hospitals started to describe themselves (Move D), whereas Singaporean hospitals chose to start with building credibility (Move C). It can be concluded that Thai and Singaporean hospitals used different strategies in the opening part. In addition, the weight of moves reflected that the different countries emphasized different aspects of moves. Furthermore, Singaporean hospitals have more balance in regard to the weight of moves than Thai hospitals. The results showed that the occurrences of move D, S and C are conventional or ‘obligatory’ moves, while move P is an optional move in both corpora. In addition, the most cyclical moves were self-description (Move D), credibility (Move C) and services (Move S) in both countries. The results reflected that overall, the hospitals from both countries had the same moves in the OIHP ‘about us’ overview.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 36
Lastly, the results showed that adjectives were used differently between Thai and Singaporean hospitals to describe ‘hospital’ in OIHP ‘about us’. While Thai hospitals used ‘international’ and ‘private’ in the corpus, the Singaporean hospitals used ‘general’, ‘first’ and ‘Asian’ in the OIHP ‘about us’. It can be concluded that the classification of hospitals from these two countries may be different. Additionally, the persuasive strategies to influence foreign patients between two countries were different.
5.4 Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusions of this present study, the following recommendations are made for further research studies. Firstly, the other parts of OIHP ‘about us’, which were beyond the overview part in the current study, should be investigated in further studies. Furthermore, increasing the number of the texts is recommended to improve the generalizability of the results. Secondly, there were differences in the writing styles of the online international hospital profiles in the different countries. It would be beneficial to compare the subjects from various countries in the different regions in a further study. Finally, further studies should use more than one research method and tool to improve the reliability and generalizability of the results. For example, mixed-method texts analysis could be used with other tools such a survey to assess readers’ perceptions or ask for the opinions by employing questionnaires and interviews in a further study.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 37
REFERENCES
Allison,D. (1999). Key concept in ELT: genre. English Language Teaching Journal, 53(2), 144. Anthony, L. (2014). AntConc (Version 3.4.3) [Computer Software]. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. Available from http://www.laurenceanthony.net/ Asia Rising TV. (2014). Singapore Leads Asia in the New Medical Tourism Index. Retrieved April 5, 2017 from http://asiarisingtv.com/singapore-leads-asia- new-medical-tourism-index/. Bangkok Hospital. (n.d.). Corporate Page. Retrieved March 4, 2017, from https://www.bangkokhospital.com/index.php/en/corporate. Bumrungrad International Hospital. (n.d.). About Us Page. Retrieved March 4, 2017, from https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/about-us/overview. Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus linguistics Investigating language structure and use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Biber, D., Conrad, S. & Leech, G. (2002). Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Longman Biber, D., Conner, U., & Upton, T.A. (2007). Discourse on the move: Using corpus analysis to describe discourse structure. Philadelphia, USA: John Benjamins Publishing. Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (2009). Register, genre, and style. Cambridge University Press. Basturkmen, H. (2006). Ideas and options in English for specific purposes. ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series. (pp. 15-17). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Casan-Pitarch, R. (2015). The genre 'about us': A case study of banks' corporate webpages. International Journal of Language Studies, 9(2), April, 69-96. Retrieved March 4, 2017, from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/283256386_The_genre_'about_us'_ A_case_study_of_banks'_corporate_webpages. Changi General Hospital. (n.d.). About Us Page. Retrieved March 4,2017 https://www.cgh.com.sg/about/Pages/default.aspx.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 38
Col, J. (1996). Adjectives. Enchanted Learning. Retrieved April 19,2017 www.enchantedlearning.com/grammar/partsofspeech/adjectives/. Cruse, D. A. (1986). Lexical semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dictionary. (n.d.). Adjectives: definition. Retrieved March 4, 2017, from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/adjective?s=ts. Dixon, R.M.W., (1977). A grammar of Yidin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Firth, J.R. (1935). The technique of Semantics ‘Transaction of the Philological. 36-72. Firth, J.R. (1957). Papers in Linguistics 1934-1951. London. Oxford University Guffey, M. E., & Du-Babcock, B. (2010). Essential of Business Communication (Second ed.). Singapore: Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd. Graham, S. (2013). How to Write Great ‘About Us’ Page Content. Retrieved March 2,2017 from http://www.shawngraham.me. Halliday, M.A.K. (1966). Lexis as a linguistic level in Bazell,C., Catford, J., Halliday, M.A.K. and Robins, R. (eds.). In Memory of J.R. Firth. (pp.148-162). London: Longman Hyland, K. (2002). Genre: Language, context, and literacy. Annual review of applied linguistics, 22, 113-135. Jackson, C. (n.d.). Important of Having a Website. Retrieved March 1, 2017, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-having-website-48042.html. Johnson. (2013). Why an “About us” page is so important”. Retrieved March 1, 2017, from https://www.rocketspark.com/blog/why-about-us-page-so- important/. Kasikornresearch. (2007). Medical Tourism: Generating More than THB36 Billion (Business Brief No.2010). Retrieved from http://www.kasikornresearch.com/EN/K- EconAnalysis/Pages/ViewSummary.aspx?docid=9504 Kasikornresearch. (2012). Thai Medical Tourism, 2012: THB2.5 Billion Generated by ASEAN Tourists (Business Brief No.3375 Full Ed.). Retrieved March 4, 2017, from http://www.kasikornresearch.com/en/k- econanalysis/pages/ViewSummary.aspx?docid=29792.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 39
Kanoksilapatham, B. (2005). ‘Rhetorical of Biochemistry Research Article’. English for Specific Purposes 24: (269-92). Kanoksilapatham, B., Ph.D. (2012). English Sociolinguistics at Work (Vol. 14, ISBN 978-974-641-448-7). Nakorn Prathom: The Textbook and Book Project of the Faculty of Arts, Silapakorn University. Lam, C. (2009). The essence of ‘About Us’ page with 12 captivating showcases. Retrieved March 1,2017, 17-28. from http://www.onextrapixel.com. Lewis, M. (2000). There is nothing as practical as a good theory In Michael Lewis (Ed.) Teaching collocation: Further developments in the lexical approach,10- 27. Hove, England: Language Teaching Publications. Lindquist, E. (2017). Medical tourism taking wing as U.S. patients fly abroad for treatment. Leadertelegram.com. Retrieved March 12, 2017, from www.leadertelegram.com/News/Front-Page/2017/03/05/Medical-tourism- taking-wing-as-U-S-patients-fly-abroad-for-treatment.html Martin, J.R. (1992). English Text: System and Structure. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins. McCarthy, M. J. and O’Dell, F. (2005). English Collocations in the Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. O'Keeffe, A., McCarthy, M., & Carter, R. (2007). From corpus to classroom: Language use and language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. O'Keeffe, A., McCarthy, M., & Carter, R. (2010). From Corpus to Classroom: Language Use and Language Teaching. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Paltridge, B. (2006). Discourse Analysis: An introduction. London: YHT. Singapore General Hospital. (n.d.). About Us Page. Retrieved March 4, from https://www.sgh.com.sg/about-us/Pages/about-sgh-overview.aspx. Singapore National University Hospital. (n.d.). Retrieved March 4, from https://www.nuh.com.sg/about-us.html Swales, J. (1981). Aspects of article introductions. Birmingham, UK: University of Aston Language Studies Unit.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 40
Swales, J. M. (1990). Genre analysis: English in academic and research setting (13th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Swales, J. M. (2004). Research genres: Explorations and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tan, G. (2013). The ecommerce authority. Retrieved March 4,2014 from www.onlinebusiness.volusion.com. Tan Tock Seng Hospital. (n.d.). About TTSH Page. Retrieved March 4, 2017 https://www.ttsh.com.sg/aboutTTSH/. Upton, T. A., & Cohen, M. A. (2009). An approach to corpus-based discourse analysis: The move analysis as example. Discourse Studies, 11(5), 585-605. Vejthani Hospital. (n.d.). About Us Page. Retrieved March 4, 2017 from https://www.vejthani.com/about.php. Vibhavadi Hospital. (n.d.) About us Page. Retrieved March 4, 2017 from http://www.vibhavadi.com/en_about. Webometrics. (2015). Ranking Web of Hospitals. Retrieved March 4, 2017 from http://hospitals.webometrics.info/ Wei, J., & Gampper, C. (2014). A Corpus-Based Collocation Study and Move Patterns in Online Smartphone Press Releases. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 7(2), 99-110. Zhangsirikul, W. (2012). A Study of Moves in Research Article Abstracts in the Field of English Language Teaching. Language Institute of Thammasat University.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 41
APPENDICES
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 42
APPENDIX A OIHP 'About Us' Overview in Singaporean Hospitals Singapore National University Hospital (Page 1)
Move Content
The NUH is a tertiary hospital and major referral centre for a comprehensive range of medical (SG), surgical and dental
specialties. The Hospital also provides organ transplant
programmes for adults (in kidney, liver and pancreas) and is the only public hospital in Singapore to offer a paediatric kidney and liver transplant programme. (SE)
Staffed by a team of healthcare professionals who rank among the
best in the field, the NUH offers quality patient care by embracing S-D innovations and advances in medical treatment. In 2004, the NUH became the first Singapore hospital to receive the Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation, an international stamp for excellent clinical practices in patient care and safety. (SG) Today, patient safety and good clinical outcomes remain the focus of the hospital as it continues to play a key role in the training of doctors, nurses and allied health professionals, and in translational research which paves the way for new cures and treatment, offering patients hope and a new lease of life. (DV) A member of the National University Health System, it is the principal teaching hospital of the NUS Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine and the NUS Faculty of Dentistry. (CP) C-D National University Health System
The National University Health System (NUHS) is an integrated Academic Health System and Regional Health System in Singapore that delivers value-driven, innovative and sustainable healthcare.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 43
Singapore National University Hospital (Page 2)
Move Content
chronic diseases through research. At NUHS, we leverage our unique position as an academic health
system to tap on the wealth of resources residing within the whole D-C of the National University of Singapore (NUS). (DV) Through collaborations with NUS faculties, we are able to draw upon their academic, research and creative capabilities to develop solutions for existing and emerging health and healthcare needs of the Singapore population. (CP) (DR) As part of our regional health system responsibility, we work in D close collaboration with community hospitals, general practitioners, family medicine clinics, nursing homes and other community and social partners to provide integrated care to the community. (CP) Institutions in the NUHS group include three hospitals - National
University Hospital (NUH), Ng Teng Fong General Hospital and
Jurong Community Hospital; three National Specialty Centres - C National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Heart Centre, Singapore (NUHCS) and National
University Centre for Oral Health, Singapore (NUCOHS); a
polyclinic group - the National University Polyclinics (NUP); one medical centre – Jurong Medical Centre; and three academic health sciences institutions – NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
(including the Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies),
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 44
Singapore National University Hospital (Page 3)
Move Content
(CP)-cont’ NUS Faculty of Dentistry and NUS Saw Swee Hock School of
Public Health.
With member institutions under one academic health system, NUHS C creates synergies as a fully integrated cluster to provide seamless care from prevention to home care, and with our academic
institutions, to continue to develop solutions for Singapore’s
healthcare challenges, and nurture the next generation of healthcare professionals. Members of the NUHS: Tertiary, Acute and Community Hospitals Quick Facts about NUH S-P Beds 1,250* (SF) Staff Strength 7,933 (PS) (SF) Inpatient Facilities Wards 43 Delivery Rooms 8 S Operating Theatres 32 Outpatient Facilities Specialist Outpatient Clinics/Centres 41 Specialised Service Centres 19 Offsite Specialist Outpatient Facilities 4 24-hour Emergency Facilities Accident and Emergency (Adult) Children's Emergency
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 45
Singapore General Hospital (Page 1)
Move Content
Singapore General Hospital (SGH) is the first and largest hospital in Singapore. (CQ) It provides affordable specialist care for patients, training for doctors and other healthcare professionals, and conducts research to bring better care to its patients. (SG) C-S-C A not-for-profit institution, SGH is wholly owned by the government of Singapore and the flagship hospital of the public healthcare system. SGH is a member of the SingHealth cluster of healthcare institutions. (CP) (SG) Patient Care
SGH sees patients referred by Family Physicians as well as
specialists in both public and private practice. The hospital S provides a comprehensive range of medical services within one complex. There are 5 National Specialist Centres co-located on SGH Campus, facilitating a multi-disciplinary approach to treatment. SGH practises team-based care, provided by clinicians, nurses as well as allied health professionals. Every year, the SGH Campus caters to over 1 million patients. (SF) With a 10,000-strong workforce,(PS) SGH accounts for about a S-P-S quarter of the total acute hospital beds in the public sector and about one-fifth of acute beds nationwide. (SF) (CA) SGH is accredited by the Joint Commission International for C meeting its standards of safety and quality in healthcare. It is also the first in Asia to achieve the Magnet Recognition in 2010 for nursing excellence awarded by the American Nurses Credentialing Center.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 46
Singapore General Hospital (Page 2)
Move Content
Teaching Hospital SGH is a leading teaching hospital for undergraduate medical training as well as postgraduate and advanced training of specialist doctors, nurses and allied health professionals. (SE) Students from both the National University of Singapore’s Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Duke-NUS Graduate Medical S-C-S School spend a substantial part of their curriculum in SGH. The hospital’s medical staffs hold teaching positions at both schools. (CP) It also serves as a clinical teaching hospital for student nurses, radiographers and therapists from the polytechnics and medical institutions here and the Asia Pacific region. (SE) (DV) Patient-directed Research SGH seeks to bring its patients new and better care and therapies through research. Clinical research is an integral part of SGH’s institutional practice and is actively carried out by clinicians and scientists from medical, nursing and allied health departments. The hospital leverages on its D multi-disciplinary capabilities, depth of specialization, a large patient base and its research affiliations with renowned centres locally and globally. Collaborating with academic partner Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, which is located on SGH Campus, the hospital’s goal is to develop the Campus into a hub for translational and clinical research.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 47
Changi General Hospital (Page 1)
Move Content
Changi General Hospital (CGH) is an award-winning public hospital (CA) with over 1,000 beds caring for a community of 1.4 million people in eastern Singapore. (SF) CGH offers a C-S comprehensive range of medical specialties and services, helmed by a highly experienced and skilled team of healthcare professionals who consistently deliver excellent health outcomes and care for patients. (SG) C CGH is a key partner and resource for the Eastern Health Alliance, the regional health system for eastern Singapore. (CP) CGH has been JCI (Joint Commission International) accredited since 2005. (CA) The Simei Campus The Simei Campus is CGH’s vision to focus on promoting holistic, patient-centred care for the people of eastern Singapore. It achieves this through integrated and innovative facilities that enable the delivery of seamless, high-quality healthcare services. (DV) D-S Under this vision, CGH has added a new facility – The Integrated Building – in December 2014. (DH) The Integrated Building provides a conducive healing environment for patients across hospital and rehabilitation settings, including the eventual transition of patients back to their homes. (SF) (SE) Centre of Medical Excellence
CGH has established itself as a centre of medical excellence, with S services such as the Integrated Sleep Service, Breast Centre @ Changi, Hepatobiliary Service, Vascular Surgery, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and the Changi Sports Medicine Centre.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 48
Changi General Hospital (Page 2)
Move Content
(DV) Patient Care
CGH believes in delivering the best patient care with passion and D empathy. To improve care for patients, CGH has adopted a proactive integrated care approach. CGH aims to deliver better, seamless and Integrated Medical services by partnering healthcare
providers in the east through the Eastern Health Alliance and innovating by adopting new medical technologies and systems.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 49
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
Move Content TTSH is one of Singapore’s largest multi-disciplinary hospitals (CQ) with 173 years of pioneering medical care and development. (DH) The hospital has 45 clinical and allied health departments, 16 specialist centres. It also has three institutes (SF) that are spearheading care, research and innovations in geriatric medicine, C-D-S- infectious diseases and ophthalmology. (SE) Powered by more P-S-C-S than 8,000 healthcare staff, (PS) TTSH sees over 2,500 patients at its specialist clinics and some 460 patients at its emergency department every day. (SF) TTSH is part of the National Healthcare Group (CP), providing holistic and integrated patient care. (SG) With a strong quality culture steeped in patient safety, TTSH constantly challenges itself to provide faster, better, cheaper and safer care for patients. To achieve this, the hospital keeps abreast D-C and believes in investing in its staff, facilities, medical technology and system improvements. In recognition of its commitment to excellent patient care and its comprehensive range of quality healthcare services (DV), TTSH has been awarded the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certification as well as the prestigious Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation. (CA)
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 50
APPENDIX B OIHP 'About Us' Overview in Thai Hospitals
VejThani Hospital (Page 1) Move Content (DH) D A Brief History Established 1994. (CA) Organizations Accredited by : - ISO 50001:2011 Energy Management System (EMS) 2014- 2017 - Joint Commission International (JCI) Reaccredited 2013-2016 - Joint Commission International (JCI) Certificate of Distinction CCPC Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Program 2013-2016 - Joint Commission International (JCI) Certificate of C Distinction CCPC Heart Failure Program 2013-2016 - Joint Commission International (JCI) Certificate of Distinction CCPC Knee Replacement Program 2013-2016 - Laboratory complying with the ISO 15189 : 2007 "Medical Laboratory" 2012 – 2014 - Good Manufacturing Practice Standards (GMP) Codex Alimentarius Commission, - Recommended International Code of Practice General Principles of Food Hygiene, - CAC / RCP 1-1969,REV.4(2003) (Processing of foods for Patient) 2012-2015 - Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) System and Guidelines for ITS Application, CAC / RCP 1-1969, REV.4 (2003) (Processing of Tube Feeding) 2012-2015
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 51
Vejthani Hospital (Page 2)
Move Content (CA) - Prime Minister’s Export Award (PME) 2011 - ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management System (EMS) 2011-2014 - Joint Commission International (JCI) 2010-2013 - Consumer’s Choice Award (CC) 2007-2008 C - Thailand Hospital Accreditation (HA) in 2007-2009 - ISO 9001 : 2000 Certification in 2006-2009 - ISO 9001 : 2000 Certification in 2003-2006 • Brand Excellence in 2007-2008 • Bureau of Laboratory, Quality Standards Vejthani Laboratory Quality Level of Consistency Excellent 2009 • SIPA or Software Industry Promotion Agency presented awards to Vejthani Hospital to honor (DV) Vision To be the recognized leader in patient , and family care , by delivering high quality service and collaborative work culture , D that bring out the best in every members. Mission To provide exceptional and innovative care to patients families and community, through the finest integration of clinical care and education, while respecting the needs of the human spirit. (SF) S Vejthani Facilities • 263 beds • 12 storey building
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 52
Vejthani Hospital (Page 3)
Move Content (SF) • 34,964 square meters • Meeting facilities for 50-80 people • Car parking for 500 vehicles • Roof garden • Restaurants and coffee shops S • Traditional Thai massage • ATM service • Book and Toy shops Patient Volumes • Over three hundred thousand patients per year • International patients from 40 different countries Human Resources • Over 700 full-time employees (PS) • International Management Team led by doctors and P businessmen (PM) • Over 300 physicians and dentists on staff, most with international training / certification • Over 200 nurses (PP) (SF) Inpatient Capacities • 500 Inpatient Beds • Adult Intensive Care(ICU) • Renal Dialysis Unit S • Pediatric Intensive Care • Grand Wing IPD Ward (10th) • Arabic IPD Ward (8th) • Pediatric IPD Ward (9th) • 95 Grand Single rooms, 10 Suites and 11 VIP Suites
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 53
Vejthani Hospital (Page 4)
Move Content Outpatient Facilities S • 24-hour Emergency care • Ambulance & Mobile Critical Care Fleet • 70 clinic examination suites • Outpatient Surgery Center (SE) Outpatient Clinics/Centers • Allergy Clinic • Cancer Center • Colorectal Surgery Clinic • Dentalis Center • Dialysis Center • Ear,Nose and Throat(ENT) Clinic • Emergency Department • Executive Healthcare Center Eye Center S • Gastroentrology and Hepatology Center • General Surgery Clinic • Golden Age Clinic • Hand Center • Hematology Center • Infectious disease Clinic • Internal Medicine Clinic • Laboratory Department • Nephrology Clinic • Obstetrics & Gynecology Department • Pediatric Orthopedics Clinic • Pediatrics Surgery Clinic
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 54
Vejthani Hospital (Page 5)
Move Content (SE) Pharmacy Department • Plastic Surgery Center • Psychiatry Clinic • Radiology Department S • Rehabilitation Center • Respiratory Clinic • Rheumatology Clinic • Skin Laser & Cosmetics Center • Snoring Clinic • Super Kids Center • Thoracic Surgery Clinic • Vejthani ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) Center • Vejthani Breast Center • Vejthani Cardiac Center • Vejthani Endocrinology Center • Vejthani Neuroscience Center • Vejthani Orthopedics Clinic • Vejthani Q Life Center (Anti Aging) • Vejthani Rheumatology Clinic • Vejthani TJR(Total Joint Replacement) Center • Vejthani Spine Center • Urology Clinic
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 55
Vejthani Hospital (Page 6) Move Content (SF) Special Facilities S • International Certified Laboratory • 10 Operating Theatres • Radiology Department: Portable X-ray, CT-scan and C-ARM and MRI • Neonatal Critical Care • Water-jet technique for liposuction • Computer navigation and mini-invasive technique for Joint Replacement surgery (SE) Specialization S Total Joint Replacement Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Dental, Skin & Laser Treatment, Spine Surgery, Hand & Shoulder Surgery, Gastro-Intestinal Disorder, Infertility Treatment (ART), Urology, (SE) S Abdominal Surgery, Colorectal Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Check up. (SG) Special International Services • Air Ambulance Service • Hotel Call S • Airport and Hotel transfers • Embassy Liaison in hospital • Kiosk at Suvarnabhumi Airport (Gate 10) • International Insurance coordinators • International Patient Care
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 56
Vejthani Hospital (Page 7)
Move Content (SE) • Medical Evacuation and Repatriation S • Muslim prayer rooms • Translator / Interpreter. - Hindi - Japanese - Khmer - Korean - Arabic - Bengali - Burmese - English - French - German - Laos - Norwegian - Russian - Spanish - Swedish - Tagalog - Tamil - Mandarin - Urdu - Amharic • Visa extension counter
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 57
Bangkok Hospital (Page 1)
Move Content
Bangkok Hospital was established in 1972 as one
of the first private hospitals in Thailand.(DH) Over the past 40 years we have expanded our operations to become a tertiary care facility (SG) with dedicated hospitals for cancer and D-S-D-C cardiology.(SE) At Bangkok Hospital, we offer the full complement of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation services, with specialists in all major fields of healthcare, but what sets us apart from other hospitals is (SG) our dedication to specialized tertiary care. (DV) Services and treatment processes are internationally certified by the Joint Commission International, one of the largest and most respected accreditation agencies for healthcare. (CA) (DC) Thailand has long been a premier tourist
destination. Its world-renowned, exotic travel destinations and D unique culture has contributed to a steady increase in the number of annual visitors. At the same time, the demand for internationally accredited healthcare has also been continuously increasing. With this in mind Thailand has proven itself to be a significant component of global healthcare (SG) A testament to our commitment to quality service
for international patients, the hospital provides a team of S knowledgeable translators able to communicate effectively in
over 26 languages to ensure that there are no issues with regards
to communication when it comes to healthcare.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 58
Bangkok Hospital (Page 2)
Move Content
(SG) Bangkok Hospital aims to provide medical services in a
welcoming and convenient environment, complete with top-notch
accommodation and amenities to meet the needs of patients and relatives. S Furthermore, comprehensive visa services, as well as limousine and
shuttle bus services are available to facilitate transportation to and from
the hospital.
(DV) Dedicated to excellence in healthcare and continuous
improvement through advanced technology and compassionate care, D visitors can expect to experience world-class service and specialized
tertiary care at Bangkok Hospital.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 59
Vibhavadi Hospital (Page 1)
Move Content
Our starting point is for the Thai people’s health.
With our real determination to improve the Thai people’s health
and to allow them to have more care and treatment alternatives,
(DV) Vibhavadi Hospital originated on Saturday, 1 March 1986.
D-S-D (DH) Its 9-storey building accommodated 150 beds and 15
examination rooms for outpatients (SF), focusing on healthcare
services. Disease examination, diagnosis and treatment were
performed by teams of physicians and specialists in all fields.
The hospital providing a 24-hour service was equipped with
advanced technologies, while ambulances were available to
provide transportation services to and from the hospital for
patients around the country. (SG) Later, Vibhavadi Hospital, a
registered company operating an infirmary business (DI), was
listed in the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1992. The company
was transformed into a public limited company on Monday, 20
September 1993 (DH), using VIBHA as its abbreviation in the
stock exchange. (DI)
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 60
Vibhavadi Hospital (Page 2)
Move Content
In 1994, Vibhavadi Hospital opened its two new
buildings (DH), including Tower A (Building 2), a 10-storey
building and Tower B (Vibhavadi Tower), a 24-storey
- building.(SF) Then, in 2013, the hospital opened its 25th Year
D-S-P-S Building, (DH) a 9-storey building. Currently, the hospital has
250 beds and 80 examination rooms, accommodating 2,000
outpatients. (SF) The hospital specialist service center
comprises specialists of all fields, more than 80 full-time
physicians and 250 consultant physicians. (PP) Major medical
technologies consist of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), X-
ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT), Datospir, Wavefront
Lasik, Laparoscopic Surgery and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy,
etc. (SF)
(CA)
Accreditations
- Receive ISO 9001 certification from SGS (Thailand)
C Limited in 1999.
- Obtain HA certification (Thailand Hospital
Accreditation)
in 2011.
- Acquire JCI accreditation, the United States of America
in 2013.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 61
Bumrungrad International Hospital (Page 1)
Move Content Bumrungrad International is a Joint Commission International accredited, (CA) multi-specialty hospital located in the heart of Bangkok, Thailand. (SG) C-S-D-C-S Founded in 1980, (DH) it is one of the largest private hospitals in Southeast Asia, (CQ) with 580 beds and over 30 specialty centres. (SF) Bumrungrad International offers state-of-the-art diagnostic, therapeutic and intensive care facilities in a one-stop medical centre.(SG) (SF) Bumrungrad International serves 1.1 million patients S annually, including over 520,000 international patients. (CP) Orion Health's ENTERPRISE solution provides
Bumrungrad with an enterprise platform to run and manage
its daily operations. The ENTERPRISE solution is integral to how patients are managed and clinical care is delivered. The Orion Health platform has helped Bumrungrad become C a world leader in healthcare delivery. “Bumrungrad International and Orion Health are engaged in a strategic partnership that is a critical component to our day to day success” (DI) Bumrungrad is a public company traded on the Thai stock
exchange. It has been featured by CBS's 60 Minutes, D NBC’s Today Show, Time, Newsweek, and other
international press as a leader in medical tourism.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 62
Bumrungrad International Hospital (Page 2)
Move Content
(CP) Patients Beyond Borders features Bumrungrad in their “Focus C On” series about top international hospitals.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 63
APPENDIX C Examples of Concordance Line of 'adj+hospital' at Left Span of 2:0 in Thai Corpus ‘International, private + hospital’
15 regular check-ups to assess bone strength.\x94 Bumrungrad International Hospital About us Who We Are Bumrungrad International is a Joint Thailand Data Corpus.txt 0 15 16 bout top international hospitals. Corporate Structure Bumrungrad International Hospital Vitallife Wellness Center Vitallife has been a leader in wellness Thailand Data Corpus.txt 0 16 18 re of Thai society. Bumrungrad Hospital Foundation and Bumrungrad International Hospital , through its team of pediatric cardiologists and surgeons, provide oper Thailand Data Corpus.txt 0 18 20 ity, affordable healthcare and five star facilities at Bumrungrad International Hospital Bumrungrad serves over a million patients annually. Over 520,000 are i Thailand Data Corpus.txt 0 20 21 from the hospital for patients around the country. Later, Vibhavadi Hospital, a registered company operating an infirmary business, was listed in Thailand Data Corpus.txt 0 21 22 Vision Vibhavadi Hospital strives to become a first-class1 private hospital, aiming to create values and quest for sustainable2 prosperity and Thailand Data Corpus.txt 0 22 32 . The service is provided in a comfort atmosphere and standard hospital . Vibhavadi Acupuncture Clinic Acupuncture is an alternative disea Thailand Data Corpus.txt 0 32
63
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 64
APPENDIX D Examples of Concordance Lines of 'adj+hospital' at Left Span of 2:0 in Singapore Corpus ‘General+Hospital’
1 Singapore General Hospital About SGH Patients. At the Heart of All We Do. SGH - Singapore's oldest and largest tertiary acute hospital and national referral center. . At the3 Heart of All We Do. SGH - Singapore's oldest and largest tertiary acute hospital and national referral center. The Singapore General Hospital (SGH) is the public sector's flagship hospital which was established in 1821. Hospital Overview Singapore General Hospital (SGH) is the first and largest l referral center. The Singapore6 General Hospital (SGH) is the public sector's flagship hospital which was established in 1821. Hospital Overview Singapore General Hospital (SGH) is the first and largest hospital in Singapore. It provides affordable specialist care for patients, training for doctors and other healthcare profess MS Professor Ang graduated from71 the Faculty of Medicine, University of Singapore in 1979. He pursued specialty training in Ophthalmology at the Singapore General Hospital and received the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons, Glasgow, (Ophthalmology) in 1985. He was awarded a Ministry of Health (Singapore) fellowship Prof Ang was appointed Director,72 Singapore National Eye Centre from 2000 to 2008. In 2008, Prof Ang was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Singapore General Hospital. He concurrently holds the appointment of Assistant Chief Executive Officer (Clinical Department) in Singapore Health Services. In 2001, Prof Ang was con . 2007 Feb;36(2):106-4 76Mr Loh Yong Ho Chief Operating Officer Dr Tracy Carol Ayre Chief, Nursing Mr Ang Kwok Ann Chief Finance Officer Changi General Hospital About Us Hospital Overview Changi General Hospital (CGH) is an award-winning public hospital with over 1,000 beds caring for a community of 1.4 million Officer Dr Tracy Carol Ayre78 Chief, Nursing Mr Ang Kwok Ann Chief Finance Officer Changi General Hospital About Us Hospital Overview Changi General Hospital (CGH) is an award-winning public hospital with over 1,000 beds caring for a community of 1.4 million people in eastern Singapore. CGH offers a ent and innovation that enables us 82to excel in our Mission Values Teamwork, Ownership, Professionalism Transforming Healthcare in Eastern Singapore Changi General Hospital Main Building (remodelling through to 2020) The CGH main building integrates facilities and care within a key acute medical facility. Its design takes into Hospital provides crucial86 sub-acute and rehabilitative inpatient care for patients after their treatment in acute hospitals. Our History 60s Changi General Hospital, Singapore (CGH) was officially opened on 28 March 1998. Changi General Hospital is Singapore's first purpose-built general hospital, serving communities in ts after their treatment in 87acute hospitals. Our History 60s Changi General Hospital, Singapore (CGH) was officially opened on 28 March 1998. Changi General Hospital is Singapore's first purpose-built general hospital, serving communities in the east and northeast regions. CGH replaced the old Toa Payoh Hospital History 60s Changi General88 Hospital, Singapore (CGH) was officially opened on 28 March 1998. Changi General Hospital is Singapore's first purpose-built general hospital, serving communities in the east and northeast regions. CGH replaced the old Toa Payoh Hospital and Changi Hospital and inherited the rich heritage Changi Hospital93 and inherited the rich heritage and culture of its predecessors. A history of Toa Payoh Hospital, Changi Hospital and Changi General Hospital is condensed into the three sections below: History of Toa Payoh Hospital History of Changi Hospital History of Changi General Hospital History of Changi General Hospital96 is condensed into the three sections below: History of Toa Payoh Hospital History of Changi Hospital History of Changi General Hospital History of Toa Payoh Hospital 1960s: Building Our Reputation 60sTo meet the growing demand for medical services, the government decided to build a laid for 101the hospital in June 1957. Estimated to cost $4.5 million, it was set up to accommodate spillover patients from the Sepoy Lines General Hospital (later renamed Outram Road General Hospital and then Singapore General Hospital). Thomson Road Hospital was formally opened on 20 May 1959 with only 2 docto 1957. Estimated to cost $4.5102 million, it was set up to accommodate spillover patients from the Sepoy Lines General Hospital (later renamed Outram Road General Hospital and then Singapore General Hospital). Thomson Road Hospital was formally opened on 20 May 1959 with only 2 doctors, 7 nursing staff and 1 commissioned ward. was set up to accommodate103 spillover patients from the Sepoy Lines General Hospital (later renamed Outram Road General Hospital and then Singapore General Hospital). Thomson Road Hospital was formally opened on 20 May 1959 with only 2 doctors, 7 nursing staff and 1 commissioned ward. The initial years were a struggle role as112 an acute hospital offering a wide-range of medical services was recognised in 1968 when it was renamed the Thomson Road General Hospital. 1970s: Pioneering Research & Pilot Projects The Hospital continued to grow as we introduced new clinical specialties to the public, which included neon . January 1997: Patients from160 Changi Hospital were moved to the New Changi Hospital and Changi Hospital shut down its operations. History of CHANGI GENERAL HOSPITAL The new Changi General Hospital, Singapore (CGH) was opened on schedule and within budget. In line with the government's master plan on were moved to the161 New Changi Hospital and Changi Hospital shut down its operations. History of CHANGI GENERAL HOSPITAL The new Changi General Hospital, Singapore (CGH) was opened on schedule and within budget. In line with the government's master plan on healthcare, CGH was designated to under Eastern Health Alliance's Changi 184Health Fund. ##On 23 Nov 2013, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between Eastern Health Alliance, Changi General Hospital and the Singapore University of Technology and Design in which $1 million was contributed to the HealthTech Innovation Fund. 2012 ##In January 2012, CGH ro their192 caregivers understand why and how they can keep themselves safe at home and be the hospital\x92s safety partners, Changi General Hospital (CGH) reached out to them through our Patient Safety Campaign from 23 September 2010 \x96 5 October 2010. This is the first such campaign by CGH. ##CGH to help patients210 and their caregivers cope with their illness by learning skills to enhance daily living. 1998 ##Official opening of the Changi General Hospital on 28 March 1998 by the Deputy Prime Minister, Brigadier General (NS) Lee Hsien Loong. ##We launched our new mission statement, promising to improve the in March 1969. ##The hospital236 became a full-fledged teaching unit. 1968 ##As the hospital took on wider responsibilities, it was renamed Thomson Road General Hospital. It has now joined the ranks of other General Hospitals. 1967 ##Professor Seah Cheng Siang together with Dr Chua Kit Leng and Dr Jeyeratnam Unit (it was later renamed242 the Accident and Emergency Department). The first consultant anaesthetist in-charge, Dr A Ganendran from Outram Road General Hospital (ORGH) came to the Hospital three times a week. ##The hospital started neurosurgery, headed by Dr Tham Cheok Fai. ##The School of Nursing 43 Sepoy Lines is opened by Governor Sir Lawrence Guillemard. It is the seventh in the line of General Hospitals 1913 X-rays introduced into
64
64
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 65
Examples of Concordance Lines of 'adj+hospital' at Left Span of 2:0 in Singapore Corpus ‘first, second+hospital’
the largest and most comprehensive67 complex of laboratories in Singapore to receive accreditation by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Became the first hospital to achieve the ISO 22000 certification for its in-house kitchen Recipient of Enterprising Agency Award presented by Publi Service 21 2002 when we became the168 second hospital in Singapore to receive the Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation in 11 June 2005. We were also the first hospital to have a JCI accreditation for our Heart Failure Programme and Acute Myocardial Infarction Programme. We have implemented more evidence-based clinical path 169 this disease and to prevent further infections. All visitors were screened at entry. To improve care for HIV patients, CGH was the first hospital to provide voluntary HIV screening for all adult inpatients in 2007. We listen to our patients through a variety of channels: feedback forms, phone became operational117 for 24 hours a day. The hospital also improved its bed arrangements, providing for greater privacy and comfort. We were the first hospital to introduce B2 class wards, which was a pilot project of the government medical service. 1980s: Rapid Growth & Expansion The 1980s were characterised and Places58 Category Senior Staff Nurse Hartini Binte Osman wins the SuperStar award in the annual Excellent Service Award SGH is the first Hospital in the world to attain dual Business Continuity Management standards simultaneously in the established Singapore Standard (SS540: 2008) and British Standard when we became the171 second hospital in Singapore to receive the Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation in 11 June 2005. We were also the first hospital to have a JCI accreditation for our Heart Failure Programme and Acute Myocardial Infarction Programme. We have implemented more evidence-based clinical path 172 this disease and to prevent further infections. All visitors were screened at entry. To improve care for HIV patients, CGH was the first hospital to provide voluntary HIV screening for all adult inpatients in 2007. CGH is constantly harnessing the power of information technology (IT) to deliver high training portal (www.myhealth.sg),173 and an award-winning Interactive Patient Guide (IPG) for common medical procedures. In January 2008, we were the first hospital to introduce a revolutionary e-financial counselling system to generate estimated bill sizes, helping our patients to make informed decisions about their wa . We implemented family friendly174 practices and staff healthy lifestyle programmes, for which we were awarded numerous national awards. CGH was also the first hospital to set up a Peer Support Programme in 2003 to provide crucial crisis counselling to staff who have been exposed to work-related critical 189 major role at the Singapore Youth Olympic Games (YOG) as one of the main providers of sports medicine services. ##CGH is the first hospital to install the 3D Information Kiosk. The 3D Way-finding Kiosks are placed at the hospital\x92s lobbies. ##To help our patients 1996, the220 new Hospital opened its doors as New Changi Hospital. It received its first patient at the Specialist Clinics. 1995 ##We were the first hospital to implement Patient Centered Nursing (PCN). ##We reported the lowest average length of stay (4.8 days). ##The Hospital received the National Productivity A corporatised on 1 April 1990.225 With corporatisation, a new TPH logo was unveiled, along with our mission statement and corporate philosophy. ##We were the first Hospital in Singapore to set up endoscopic day surgery. 1989 ##Plans were underway for our smooth transition into corporatisation ##Administrators of the government oldest294 temple, the Thian Hock Keng Temple at Telok Ayer. In 1844, Mr Tan stepped forward to gift 7,000 Spanish Dollars to build the first hospital for the poor. Back in those days, there were no proper medical facilities for the common people. Located on Pearl's Hill and 300 about TTSH's earlier achievements. Your Story, Our History Celebrate TTSH's heritage by sharing your story with us! TTSH was the first hospital to be started by the community for the community. Back in 1844, there were no proper medical facilities for the common people. Mr Tan Transplant MRSA262 PCI Door-to-balloon time Paediatric Liver Transplant Stroke STEMI Mortality Rate Very Low Birth Weight Infants NUH was the first hospital in Singapore to be conferred the Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation in August 2004 and the Singapore Service Class award in July 2004. NUH its International Medicine Centre167 on 3 August 2007. CGH\x92s quality of clinical care was benchmarked against international standards when we became the second hospital in Singapore to receive the Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation in 11 June 2005. We were also the first hospital to have a JCI accreditation the training for SingHealth medical170 professionals. CGH\x92s quality of clinical care was benchmarked against international standards when we became the second hospital in Singapore to receive the Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation in 11 June 2005. We were also the first hospital to have a JCI accreditation
65
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 66
Examples of Concordance Lines of 'adj+hospital' at Left Span of 2:0 in Singapore Corpus ‘New, Acute, Asian, Public, Tertiary+ Hospital’
receiving overflow patients129 from other hospitals. 90sThe Toa Payoh Hospital was closed on 15 February 1997 and staff and patients were moved to the new hospital in Simei. History of CHANGI HOSPITAL 1923: The British decided to build a new naval base in Changi. 1935: The Royal Air Force Hospital was of Toa Payoh Hospital98 1960s: Building Our Reputation 60sTo meet the growing demand for medical services, the government decided to build a new hospital for the chronic sick at Thomson Road, named Thomson Road Hospital. The foundation stone was laid for the hospital in June 1957. Estimated to was awarded the National Training218 Award. 1996 ##The Hospital achieved the ISO 9002 certification. ##The Eye Department was started. ##On 18 December 1996, the new Hospital opened its doors as New Changi Hospital. It received its first patient at the Specialist Clinics. 1995 ##We were the first hospital to implement one moved227 into the new office together in December 1989. 1988 ##A committee was appointed to look into the building and equipping of a new hospital in a bigger site. 1986 ##Introduction of routine cranio-ultrasonography for all premature infants. ##The Hospital Planning Committee started sourcing for a ors, 7 nursing staff, 16 admissions250 and 27 outpatient attendances. However only 1 ward was in commission. 1957 ##A foundation stone was laid in June 1957 for a new hospital for the chronic sick at Thomson Road, estimated to cost $4.5m. Awards & Achievements (823) 2015 2 Singapore General Hospital About SGH Patients. At the Heart of All We Do. SGH - Singapore's oldest and largest tertiary acute hospital and national referral center. The Singapore General Hospital (SGH) is the public sector's flagship hospital which was established in 1821. Hospital Overvie year,10 the SGH Campus caters to over 1 million patients. With a 10,000-strong workforce, SGH accounts for about a quarter of the total acute hospital beds in the public sector and about one-fifth of acute beds nationwide. SGH is accredited by the Joint Commission International for meeting . We also started offering111 neurosurgery in 1965 and obstetrics and gynaecology in 1969. As the hospital took on more responsibilities, its role as an acute hospital offering a wide-range of medical services was recognised in 1968 when it was renamed the Thomson Road General Hospital. 1970s: Pioneering Research & Pilot Healthcare Provider Standard of52 Excellence at the 2012 WebAward. SGH won an Excellence Award in the Clinical Service Improvement Project category at the Asian Hospital Management Awards SSN Sarina Bte Saleh, SSN Mabel Chia and SSN Lee Teng Teng won the Novartis Oncology Nursing Excellence Award 2012 SGH won Practices Award in E-Human Resource53 Management - Leading HR Practices (Special Mention) Award in Performance Management SGH was honoured at the 10th Asian Hospital Management Awards 2011 (AHMA) for: - Outstanding Project Award in Human Resource Development Project - 10th Year Stalwart - Special Recognition for a Dec Award at the annual56 HRM Awards 2010. Pharmacy Team won the Excellence Award under the Patient Safety / Quality Medical Care category At the Asian Hospital Management Awards 2010 (AHMA). SGH wins Worklife Excellence Award 2010. SGH\x92s HR practices were honoured at the 2010 Singapore HR Awards. SGH Volunteer C (JCI) accreditation on 15203 July 2005 bringing our patient safety and clinical quality on par with international standards. ##CGH\x92s HomeCare Assist won Asian Hospital Management Award 2005 for most outstanding Community Service Project. ##CGH launched Iworkhealth and Iworkhealth Plus, online corporate assessment tools to eipient of Public Service Award for Organisation68 Excellence Winner of the "Technical Service Improvement" Award and "Human Resource Development" Award at the Asian Hospital Management Awards 2002 2001 care experience264 for all our patients. For more information, please refer to the MOH Patient Satisfaction Survey 2013. Overview The NUH is a tertiary hospital and major referral centre for a comprehensive range of medical, surgical and dental specialties. The Hospital also provides organ transplant programmes for , surgical and dental266 specialties. The Hospital also provides organ transplant programmes for adults (in kidney, liver and pancreas) and is the only public hospital in Singapore to offer a paediatric kidney and liver transplant programme. Staffed by a team of healthcare professionals who rank among the best
66
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 67
BIOGRAPHY
Name Miss Pattra Srisuwatanasagul Date of Birth May 10,1973 Educational Attainment 1995: Bachelor's of Education (2nd class honors), Chulalongkorn University 1997: Master's of Science in Human Resources Development, National Institute of Development and Administration 2015: Graduate Diploma in English for Career, Thammasat University Work Position Senior Director, Leadership Development and Learning Delivery Bumrungrad Personnel Development and Training Co.,Ltd. Scholarship - Publications - Work Experiences 2015 - Present: Senior Director, Leadership Development and Learning Delivery, Bumrungrad Development and Training Co.,Ltd. 2013-2015: Vice President, Program Design, CIMB Thai PLC. 2013-2013 : Vice President, People Development and Engagement , Prudential Life Assurance PLC. 2012-2013: Vice President, Branch Quality Improvement,TMB Bank PLC. 2005-2012: Assistant Vice President, Manager, HR Client Services – Support Functions, Siam Commercial Bank PLC. 2004-2005: Sr. L&D Analyst, Siam City Cement PLC.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY 68
2001-2004: Training Specialist , American International Assurance Co.,Ltd. 2000-2001: Training Specialist, Digital Phone Co.,Ltd. 1997-2000: Training Officer, Alphatec Semiconductor Packaging Co.,Ltd.
Ref. code: 25595821040291AJY