DOCSLIB.ORG

Improving Animal Productivity by Supplementary Feeding of Multinutrient Blocks, Controlling Internal Parasites and Enhancing Utilization of Alternate Feed Resources

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Improving Animal Productivity by Supplementary Feeding of Multinutrient Blocks, Controlling Internal Parasites and Enhancing Utilization of Alternate Feed Resources IAEA-TECDOC-1495 Improving Animal Productivity by Supplementary Feeding of Multinutrient Blocks, Controlling Internal Parasites and Enhancing Utilization of Alternate Feed Resources A publication prepared under the framework of an RCA project with technical support of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture December 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1495 Improving Animal Productivity by Supplementary Feeding of Multinutrient Blocks, Controlling Internal Parasites and Enhancing Utilization of Alternate Feed Resources A publication prepared under the framework of an RCA project with technical support of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture December 2006 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Animal Production and Health Section Joint FAO/IAEA Division International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria IMPROVING ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY BY SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING OF MULTI-NUTRIENT BLOCKS, CONTROLLING INTERNAL PARASITES, AND ENHANCING UTILIZATION OF ALTERNATE FEED RESOURCES IAEA, VIENNA, 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1495 ISBN 92–0–104506–9 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2006 Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 2006 FOREWORD A major constraint to livestock production in developing countries is the scarcity and fluctuating quantity and quality of the year-round feed supply. Providing adequate good quality feed to livestock to raise and maintain their productivity is, and will continue to be, a major challenge to agricultural scientists and policy makers all over the world. The increase in population and rapid growth in world economies will lead to an enormous increase in demand for animal products, a large part of which will be from developing countries. Future hopes of feeding the millions and safeguarding their food security will depend on the enhanced and efficient utilization of alternative feed resources that cannot be used as food for humans. In addition, a large area of land in the world is degraded, barren or marginal and the amount is increasing every year. This also calls for identification and introduction of new and lesser- known plants capable of growing in poor soils, which can play a vital role in the control of soil erosion in addition to providing food and feed. In developing countries, livestock are fed mainly on low quality roughages, including natural grazing and agro-industrial by-products, such as cereal straws/stovers, sugarcane by- products and other similar feeds, all of which contain large quantities of ligno-cellulosic material. These feeds are deficient in protein, energy, minerals and vitamins. In addition, at certain times of the year, the quality of grazing and browse deteriorates substantially due to seasonal influences, and livestock, productivity consequently declines, and in the case of lactation ceases, unless supplements are offered. Addition of foliage from tree leaves or supplementation with seed meals, or for ruminants’ urea in the form of urea-molasses multi- nutrient blocks, can improve the utilization of low quality roughages mainly through the supply of nitrogen to the rumen microbes. Attempts to increase the productivity of ruminants in developing countries generally encounter another principal constraint: health. Of the health constraints, bacterial and viral diseases can be successfully controlled through conventional vaccination and quarantine procedures. However, for parasitic disease, these approaches are either not yet possible or impractical, and chemotherapy, coupled with grazing management, are the only methods of control method currently available. In developing countries, the losses induced by clinical and subclinical parasite infections have been estimated to equal the value of the present output of ruminant industries, therefore improved control has the potential to yield considerable productivity benefits. The RCA (Regional Cooperation Agreement for the Asia and Pacific Region) project, RAS/5/035 entitled Improving Animal Productivity and Reproductive Efficiency was initiated in 1999 to assist RCA Member States to improve animal productivity and reproductive efficiency. This project had two components: animal nutrition, and animal reproduction. The animal nutrition component focused on: (i) developing and feeding of urea-molasses multi- nutrient blocks to supply nutrients deficient in crop residues and forages; (ii) using the urea- molasses multinitrient blocks for the delivery of anthelmintic medication to control gastrointestinal nematode parasitism; and (iii) enhancing efficiency of utilization of feed resources which are locally available and for which humans are not competing with livestock for food. The present publication presents results on these three aspects obtained by the participating groups from the RCA Member States and presented at the Final Review Meeting of the project held in October 2004 in Bangkok, Thailand. This publication is a good source of reference for research workers, students and extension workers alike. It will help promote efficient utilization of feed resources and enhance animal productivity to meet the challenges imposed by the ‘Livestock Revolution’ taking place in developing countries. The IAEA officer responsible of this publication was H.P.S. Makkar of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, assisted in its compilation by a consultant, T. Smith from the University of Reading, United Kingdom. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers in these proceedings are reproduced as submitted by the authors and have not undergone rigorous editorial review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. CONTENTS Improving animal productivity through meeting nutrient deficiencies with multi-nutrient blocks, enhancing utilization efficiency of alternate feed resources, and controlling internal parasites: A summary.............................. 1 H.P.S. Makkar PART I. MULTI-NUTRIENT AND MEDICATED BLOCKS FOR RUMINANTS Improving animal productivity and reproductive efficiency: development and testing medicated urea- molasses multi-nutrient blocks in rural farms of Bangladesh.................................................................................... 13 M.A. Akbar, T.U. Ahmed, M.M.H. Mondal Effects of urea-molasses multi-nutrient block (UMMB) on cattle/yak production and medicated UMMB (MUMB) on control of parasites in sheep in Gansu Province, China ...................................................... 29 Z. Degang, W. XI, P. Xiaopeng, Z. Jinjun, L. Junzu, Z.Yuanqun, Z. Zonglei Reproductive performance of dairy buffalo receiving supplements of urea-molasses multi-nutrient block (UMMB)................................................................. 39 P.S. Brar, A.S. Nanda, P.D. Juyal Development and utilization of urea-molasses multi-nutrient blocks (UMMB) and medicated multi-nutrient blocks (MUMB) as supplements for ruminants in Malaysia .......................................................................... 51 M. Wan Zahari, M.S. Nor Ismail, Y. Nordin, M.A. Najib, N.M. Suparjo, M.C. Abu Bakar, P. Chandrawathani, S. Mohd Yusoff, I. Noraida, Z.A. Jelan Improvement of animal productivity through supplementary feeding with urea-mineral blocks (UMB) in Mongolia............................................................................ 69 N. Togtokhbayar Evaluation of urea-molasses multi-nutrient blocks as a feed supplement for cattle production and as a carrier for anthelmintic medication in Myanmar....................... 77 T. Daing, Y.T. Win Sustainable improvement of livestock production through strategic supplementation with urea-molasses multi-nutrient block (UMMB) and other feed resources available in Pakistan.................................................... 91 S.A. Khanum, M. Hussain, R. Kausar, A.J. Makhdoom, T.Yaqoob, S. Sadaf, R. Ahmad, S. Rehman, M. Abbas Urea-molasses multi-nutrient block (UMMB) supplementation of dairy cows raised by smallholder farmers in Sariaya, Quezon, Philippines................................................... 111 C.O. Asaad, A.C. De Vera, L.M. Ignacio, P.B. Tigno Development, evaluation and popularization of medicated and non-medicated urea-molasses multi-nutrient blocks for ruminant livestock production under smallholder conditions of Sri Lanka.................................................................................. 119 A.N.F. Perera, E.R.K. Perera, H. Abeygunawardane Feed supplementation of dairy cattle in the North-Eastern region of Thailand..................... 131 N. Wongnen, U. Parinyasutinun, B. Chantapasarn, D. Thong-Untang, A. Sukarin, S. Pangchantuk, M. Naksuwan, P. Tamconburi, S. Yotikol, S. Nguadchai, A. Petlum, M. Wanapat, C. Wachirapakorn, S. Polpak, M. Polpak Development of urea-molasses
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook/LDP-M-244/Oct
    Economic Research Service Situation and Outlook Livestock, Dairy, and LDP-M-244 Oct. 17, 2014 Poultry Outlook Kenneth Mathews [email protected] Steers and Lower Corn Prices Boost Cattle Dressed Weights Beef/Cattle: Despite recent and current positive cattle feeding margins, increases in feeder Contents cattle prices are offsetting declines in corn prices, signaling continuation of positive margins. Beef/Cattle Despite record retail beef prices, meatpackers are caught between high fed cattle prices and cutout Beef/Cattle Trade Pork/Hogs values too low to generate positive packer margins. Poultry Poultry Trade Beef/Cattle Trade: U.S. cattle imports are up 13 percent this year as high U.S. cattle Dairy prices continue to draw animals across the border. U.S. beef imports continue to grow and Contacts and Link were up 46 percent in August from a year earlier. Demand for U.S. beef exports slowed somewhat this summer but remain strong to Hong Kong and Mexico, both showing strong Tables gains from last year. Red Meat and Poultry Dairy Forecast Recent Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Special Articles Web Sites Animal Production and Marketing Issues “Effect of the Trans-Pacific Partnership on U.S. Dairy Trade,” pdf pages 19-25 of Cattle November 2013 Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Outlook report Dairy (http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/1221780/specialarticleldpm233.pdf) Hogs Poultry and Eggs “Determinants of Japanese Demand for U.S. Pork Products in 2012,” pdf pages 20-25 WASDE -------------- of the May 2013 Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Outlook report Tables will be released (http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/1106754/ldpm227.pdf) on Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Program Producer Manual
    Five Rivers Cattle Feeding Natural Producer Manual Last Revised: 3/16/18 Five Rivers Cattle Feeding All Natural Cattle Producer Manual Five Rivers Cattle Feeding Natural Producer Manual Last Revised: 3/16/18 Table of Contents Live Animal Requirements 1. Angus/Red Angus Genetics 2. U.S. Origin 3. Less than 30 Months of Age 4. Certification 5. Ranch Inspections Documentation 1. Producer Confirmation of Understanding 2. Five Rivers Affidavit Production Requirements 1. Non-allowable products Animal Welfare and Handling 1. Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) Beef Cattle Standards Five Rivers Cattle Feeding Natural Producer Manual Last Revised: 3/16/18 Live Animal Requirements 1. Angus/Red Angus Genetics Five Rivers requires the cattle to be a minimum of 50% Red- or Black-Angus genetics. No Dairy or Brahman influence. 2. U.S. Origin All cattle must be born and raised in the United States. Producers are required to document cattle origin and/or brand ID on the Five Rivers affidavit. 3. Less than 30 Months of Age The Five Rivers Natural program requires cattle be of “A” maturity (under 30 months of age) at slaughter. 4. Certification All cattle must have been born, raised, finished, and slaughtered in compliance with the Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) Standards for beef cattle. These standards are included in this manual and are available online at www.certifiedhumane.org. 5. Ranch Inspections The Five Rivers Natural program requires that a minimum of 10% of suppliers be inspected annually for compliance. Inspections are conducted by a Five Rivers representative or approved 3rd party. Five Rivers Cattle Feeding Natural Producer Manual Last Revised: 3/16/18 Documentation 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to South Dakota!
    A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AGENTS Volume LXXV I No. 1 April, 2015 NACAA - 6584 W. Duroc Road - Maroa, IL 61756 - (217)794-3700 Welcome to South Dakota! S ion of c AL A SOC at o N IA i u O T c n I • EXTENSION • I o t T O s y A N s a N a • g • C l • RESEARCH • S a a O • LAND GRANT COLLEGE • T g U n N e N o n E i T NACAA t Y G t a 1915 – 2015 A s A L n great faces. great places. GR A ICU TUR owing professional L gr for 100 years ly Ce s lebrating 100 Year 20 1915 15 S I G H T S O F S O U T H D A K O T A page 2 President’s Corner C You’re Invited to the E Birthday Party in South Dakota! L Birthdays are special occasions, and 100th birthdays are You will find excellent facilities for E especially so. From July 12 -16, 2015, NACAA will celebrate the AM/PIC when you arrive in its 100th birthday at the Centennial AM/PIC in Sioux Sioux Falls, complete with FREE B Falls, SD. The celebration will include birthday cake, or parking, and the airport just a Mike Hogan R fifty cakes to be exact. Each state association will have its $5 cab ride away! (But you won’t own birthday cake at the AM/PIC, and state associations need a taxi to get to the airport, as NACAA President A and their families will be asked to decorate their state’s the South Dakota members have birthday cake however they choose on Sunday.
    [Show full text]
  • Organic Livestock Farming: Potential and Limitations of Husbandry Practice to Secure Animal Health and Welfare and Food Quality
    Organic livestock farming: potential and limitations of husbandry practice to secure animal health and welfare and food quality Proceedings of the 2nd SAFO Workshop 25-27 March 2004, Witzenhausen, Germany Edited by M. Hovi, A. Sundrum and S. Padel Sustaining Animal Health and Food Safety in Organic Farming (SAFO) Co-ordinator: Mette Vaarst (Danish Institute of Animal Science, Denmark) Steering Committee Malla Hovi (The University of Reading, England) Susanne Padel (The University of Aberystwyth, Wales) Albert Sundrum (The University of Kassel, Germany) David Younie (Scottish Agricultural College, Scotland) Edited by: Malla Hovi, Albert Sundrum and Susanne Padel Publication date: July 2004 Printed in: The University of Reading ISBN: 07049 1458 1 Contents Foreword M. Hovi, A. Martini, S. Padel 1 Acknowledgements 3 Part A: Organic animal health management and food quality at the farm level: Current state and future challenges Organic livestock production and food quality: a review of current status and future challenges M. Vaarst and M. Hovi 7 Animal health in organic farming defined by experts- concept mapping and the interpretation of the concept of naturalnessl T. Baars, E. Baars and K. Eikmans 17 Animal, welfare and health problem areas from an organic farmer’s point of view U. Schumacher 25 A veterinarian’s perspective of animal health problems on organic farms. P. Plate 27 Part B: Animal health and welfare: organic dairy production Swiss organic dairy milk farmer survey: which path for the organic cow in the future? E. Haas and B. Pabst 35 Animal health in organic dairy farming – results of a survey in Germany. C.
    [Show full text]
  • Nebraska's Cattle Feeding Industry
    Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources EC847 Nebraska’s Cattle Feeding Industry: Size, Structure and Related Industries Thomas L. Holman, Extension Educator Kathleen Brooks, Extension Livestock Marketing Specialist Matt Luebbe, Extension Feedlot Nutrition Specialist Galen Erickson, Extension Feedlot Nutrition Specialist With 6.7 million head of cattle and calves in 2007, Ne- port also examines the relationship of the feeding industry braska has the second largest beef cattle herd in the nation. with the cow-calf production sector, beef processing indus- Cash receipts from sales of these cattle and calves totaled try, feedstuff production industry and export market. $6.6 billion in 2006. Nebraska’s 2.7 million head of cattle on feed in January 2007 also makes the state the second Overview of Nebraska’s Beef Cow Industry largest in the number of cattle on feed and commercial cat- tle slaughtered. A number of unique factors and resources The availability of high quality feeder cattle and calves contribute to the large and thriving cattle feeding industry in Nebraska supports the state’s feeding industry. In 2012, in Nebraska. More than half of the state’s land area is com- Nebraska had approximately 6.3 percent of the nearly 30.3 prised of pasture and rangeland, which supports a large million beef cows that calved in the U.S. that year. These 6.4 cow-calf sector and provides a large calf crop to Nebraska million head of beef cows and calves are on 23,280 beef cow feeders. Not only are cattle feeders near an ample supply operations throughout Nebraska for a state average herd of feeder cattle, but they also are close to key feed input size of 275 cows per operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding the Show Steer
    FEEDING THE SHOW STEER Stephen Boyles OSU Extension Beef Specialist Receiving the Animal: Find out what the calf was being fed, and blend that diet as at least part of the new diet. Calves will suffer less stress if you reduce their fed and water intake by 1/2‐2/3 on the day they are shipped. Another calf of similar age and weight in the pen will help make the new arrival feel more at home. Always make changes in diet ingredients and amounts gradually over time. Initially including at least 30% roughage in the diet can reduce digestive problems. Let them have access to some long stem grass hay. The starter ration may include some molasses, about 1/2 rolled corn, 1/2 rolled or crimped oats plus a protein supplement, vitamins, and minerals. Calves that have already been weaned and are consuming grain are easier to start up on feed. Calves that have not been weaned or were weaned only recently need to be brought up on feed gradually over a 2 to 3 week time period. You may want to start with 3 to 6 pounds of your grain mix per feeding (6‐12 lbs per day). Increase the amount of grain they get by 1/2 a pound per day over the next 2 to 3 weeks. Example Starter Ration Feed Pounds Crimped oats 60.0 Cracked or rolled corn 24.5 Protein Pellets (32%) 14.5 Salt/Mineral .6 Feed Additive .4 Total 100.0 Feeding Schedule Week Lbs/Feeding Lbs/Day Amount of Hay 1 3.0‐4.5 9.5 1 flake hay 2 4.0‐5.0 10.0 1 flake hay 3 5.0‐6.0 12.0 1 flake hay *The following table was obtained from: C.
    [Show full text]
  • Pottawatomie County Is Home to Aquaponics Farm
    Pottawatomie County is home to aquaponics farm By Donna Sullivan, Editor Once the fry are hatched, What began as an effort Sperman uses a net to scoop to ensure his diabetic father a them into a bucket to trans- reliable protein supply if port to fry pools. The bread availability to his medication and butter of his business is were interrupted has grown selling three-quarter to one- into a growing business ven- inch fry in bulk. “When fry ture for Pottawatomie Coun- are the size of mosquito lar- ty resident James Sperman. vae, they’re not the most re- Travelers along Highway 24 silient things in the world,” between Manhattan and he said. So he waits about Wamego may have noticed two weeks for them to grow the high tunnel, semi-pit to around an inch, then ships greenhouse and large blue them nationwide. “None of pools that house his my fish go to waste,” he con- aquaponic gardening system tinued. “The ones that I and tilapia farm. don’t manage to find homes Aquaponics combines for can grow and become fish farming with hydropon- adolescents and some are ic gardening inside a high just on the verge of becom- tunnel, which allows for the ing breeders and will be- production of fruits, vegeta- come pond stockers.” bles and fish year-round. The Sperman says that be- system has a 1,700-gallon cause tilapia are predomi- fish tank and 165-square- nantly vegetarian and are fil- foot grow bed. Water from ter feeders, the algae and the fish tank carries fish bacteria that grows in the waste to the grow bed, where James Sperman describes how he feeds the fish at only one end of the pond since the females release their eggs pools is tailored perfectly to it feeds the plants.
    [Show full text]
  • AGRICULTURAL ALTERNATIVES Feeding Beef Cattle
    AGRICULTURAL ALTERNATIVES Feeding Beef Cattle The United States is the leading beef producer in the world. Between 24 and 27 billion pounds of beef are produced annually in the United States. Beef consump- tion has been gradually decreasing since the 1970s, when it was over 70 pounds per capita, to less than 55 pounds today. While domestic consumption has been declin- ing, foreign demand has been very strong with the U.S. exporting record amounts of beef in recent years. Traditional cattle-feeding enterprises grow weaned calves (450 to 600 pounds) and yearling steers or heif- ing per animal drops as the number of animals in the ers (550 to 800 pounds) to slaughter weights of 1,100 operation increases. Because of the high risks and the to 1,400 pounds. Cattle-feeding operations exist in all economies of scale that favor larger operations, beef- regions of the United States, but most large operations feeding enterprises are not as well adapted to small-scale are in the Great Plains from Colorado and Nebraska to and part-time farms as are beef cow-calf operations. Texas. Most cattle-feeding operations are relatively small. However, less land is required for a cattle-feeding opera- Over 95 percent of all operations have fewer than 1,000 tion than for a cow-calf enterprise. head, but these small feedlots market around 15 percent of the cattle fed each year. In the northeastern United States, a mix of beef breeds, crossbreeds, or dairy beef Starting a Beef Feeding (mostly Holstein steers) are typically finished in feedlots.
    [Show full text]
  • The Exhibition Shows How Minimalism Sculpture, Paintingandinstallation, Through Over 150Artworks, Spanning 16 November 2018To 14April2019
    Minimalism: Space. Light. Object. Sound Room Reader Written by Wesley Goatley and Honor Harger Minimalism within music is based on Edited by Nina Ernst and Adrian George the idea that there is virtue in drawing Designed and printed by Black Mongrels back from musical opulence and excess Published by ArtScience Museum, Singapore 2018 @ArtScience Museum canons to reveal the essence of listening, ISBN 978-981-11-9458-0 of sound, and of the absence of sound. It is music made with limited or minimal musical materials suggesting that Published to accompany the exhibition: simplicity can be beautiful, and can reveal Minimalism: Space. Light. Object. its own unexpected complexity. Sometimes 16 November 2018 – 14 April 2019 austere and terse, at other times expansive Organised by National Gallery Singapore and ArtScience Museum and mind-altering, Minimalist music is characterised by steady pulses, gradual Curated by Eugene Tan, Russell Storer, Silke Schmickl and transformation, syncopated rhythmic loops, Goh Sze Ying from National Gallery Singapore, and gliding drones, and the repetition of musical Adrian George and Honor Harger from ArtScience Museum phrases. It traces its roots to the radical experiments of John Cage, who showed that even silence is part of music, as well as the SOUND ROOM deconstructed works of early modernist music, and Asian traditions such as Indian classical music and Balinese soundscapes. The Sound Room charts the course of the development of Minimalist music, from AN INTRODUCTION TO AN INTRODUCTION the avant-garde modernisers of early 20th century music, to Minimalist innovators such as Terry Riley, Steve Reich and Philip Glass, who worked alongside their visual art counterparts in the ‘High Minimalist’ period of the 1960s and 1970s, to a new wave of Minimalism which emerged in the latter part of the century.
    [Show full text]
  • The Orchestra
    YOU HAVE A VOICE 02.06.20 | 8 p.m. Zellerbach Hall 19/20 Bryce Dessner Voy a Dormir Kelley O’Connor Mezzo Soprano Mary Kouyoumdjian Become Who I Am San Francisco Girls Chorus Johannes Brahms Symphony No. 1 In C Minor Berkeley Symphony 19/20 Season 5 Messages from the Music Director and the Board President 7 Board of Directors & Advisory Council 9 Orchestra 13 Season Sponsors 15 Ad Index: Support Businesses that Support Us 17 Tonight’s Program 19 Program Notes 33 Music Director Joseph Young 35 Composer Bios 39 Guest Artist Bios 45 Artistic Director René Mandel 47 About Berkeley Symphony 50 Music in the Schools 52 Invest in the Future of Berkeley Symphony 55 Annual Membership Support 61 Contact Berkeley Symphony is a member of the League of American Orchestras and the Association of California Symphony Orchestras. No recordings of any part of tonight’s performance may be made without the written consent of the management of Berkeley Symphony. Program subject to change. February 6, 2020 3 4 February 6, 2020 Message from the Music Director little over three months ago, I made my first appearance as the Anew Music Director of Berkeley Symphony. Thanks to you, our dedicated audience, as well as the fabulous members of the Orches- tra, staff, board and volunteers, it was a truly magical evening. It photo by Jeff Roffman by photo is with great excitement and pride that I return to Berkeley to con- tinue on this new journey together. For tonight’s performance, I wanted to explore the theme of finding one’s voice, something that is perhaps even more essen- tial today than it ever has been.
    [Show full text]
  • D B Bttb Bwpa 5P[[ 8] 3Tpcwb
    M V 10=3083)=dlidlZVgheg^c\Éhhig^eZhidndjgWZhiVYkVciV\Zq?PVT" C Continentalontinental M Mortgageortgage CCorporp HOME OF THE EXPRESS MORTGAGE LOW, LOW FIXED RATES (703) 891-3485 (540) 347-5363 www.cmcLoan.com :IN;EB<:MBHGH? u HG MA> P>; :M PPP'K>:=>QIK>LL'<HF u :IKBE+)%+))/u -- 5A44++ Mankl]Zr DBBTTb BWPa_5P[[ 8]3TPcWb '%449)-!'%3 ;b``^lm]khibg0)r^Zkl "ENEDICT86)HASSURPRISEDLIBERALCRITICS lnkikbl^lf^]b\Ze^qi^kml 0]]XeTabPah)EdeZ7ZcZY^Xi 0C;0=C0kBgpaZmZii^Zklmh[^ZgZfZs& XZaZWgViZh[^ghinZVgVhedci^[q' bg`ln\\^ll_hk:f^kb\Zgf^]b\bg^%ik^ebfb& gZkr`ho^kgf^gm_b`nk^lk^e^Zl^]P^]g^l]Zr lahp^]maZmma^ZggnZegnf[^kh_]^Zmalbg D][XZT[h0[[XTb).$&&[Vb^a^Zh ma^N'L']khii^][rg^Zker.)%)))bg+))- Éma^[b``^lm]^\ebg^bgg^Zker0)r^Zkl' # hZZ`idheVgZBdjhhVdj^Éha^[Z q Ma^+i^k\^gm]^\k^Zl^%k^ihkm^][rma^ GZmbhgZe<^gm^k_hkA^ZemaLmZmblmb\l%\Zf^ 5dcdaTCT]bT) ZlZlah\dmhfZgr%[^\Znl^ma^N'L'blZ`bg`% `khpbg`bgihineZmbhg 8Veh]deZidWj^aY Zg]`^mmbg`_Zmm^k'Bg BC0H8=60;8E4 d[[higdc\ZcYid _Z\m%lhf^^qi^kmllZb] ;XUTTg_TRcP]Rh) ma^rlnli^\mma^gnf& ¨/VERALL & i]ZhZVhdcq [^klfZrghmahe]ni YEARS ARECORDHIGH pa^gZ_bgZek^ihkmbl ¨"LACKS k^e^Zl^]eZm^kmablr^Zk' YEARS UPFROM G^o^kma^e^ll%\^gm^k ¨7HITES h__b\bZellZb]ma^lmZmbl& YEARS UPONLY mb\l%[Zl^]hgZk^ob^p SLIGHTLY CWT:X]V) h_Z[hnm2)i^k\^gmh_ 9`j]g7cghY``c ]^Zmak^\hk]lk^ihkm^]bgZee.)lmZm^lbg VcYi]Z7Vai^" +))-%p^k^\hglblm^gmZ\khllma^\hngmkr A>E4½B Zg]p^k^]^^f^]lheb]^ghn`amhk^ihkm' bdgZHnbe]d" Ma^\^gm^klZb]]khilbgma^]^ZmakZm^l_hk cnDgX]ZhigV a^Zkm]bl^Zl^%\Zg\^kZg]lmkhd^Z\\hngm^] _hkfhlmh_ma^]^\ebg^' iZVbje[dgV Ma^ik^ebfbgZkrgnf[^kh_N'L']^Zmal
    [Show full text]
  • SAU201501 21-09-03496 11.Pdf
    A COMPARISON BETWEEN CONTRACT AND NON CONTRACT POTATO FARMERS DEBASHISH KAR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY DHAKA-1207 JUNE, 2015 A COMPARISON BETWEEN CONTRACT AND NON CONTRACT POTATO FARMERS DEBASHISH KAR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY DHAKA-1207 JUNE, 2015 A COMPARISON BETWEEN CONTRACT AND NON CONTRACT POTATO FARMERS BY DEBASHISH KAR REGISTRATION NO.: 09-03496 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SEMESTER: JAN-JUNE, 2015 Approved By: Kh. Zulfikar Hossain Prof. Dr. Md. Rafiquel Islam Supervisor Co- Supervisor & Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Assistant Professor Information System Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Information System Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dr. M. M. Shofi Ullah Associate Professor & Chairman Examination Committee Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Information System Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dedicated to my Beloved parents and Gurudev DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, A COMPARISON BETWEEN CONTRACT AND NON CONTRACT POTATO FARMERS submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, embodies the result of a piece of bonafide research work carried out by DEBASHISH KAR, Registration No.: 09-03496 under my supervision and guidance.
    [Show full text]