The Rail Sector in Numbers
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Williams Rail Review The rail sector in numbers March 2019 Williams Rail Review The rail sector in numbers Contents Section 1 Rail in the wider transport system Page 5 Section 2 Passengers Page 10 Section 3 Freight Page 15 Section 4 The GB rail industry structure Page 16 Section 5 Rail infrastructure Page 19 Section 6 International comparisons Page 22 Section 7 Rail workforce Page 24 Section 8 Source references Page 25 Data refers to Great Britain unless otherwise stated. PAGE 4 Rail in the wider transport system Demand for rail travel has increased whilst demand for buses and coaches has fallen But usage of cars, vans and taxis continues to dominate Modal demand over time Note that these three graphs have different scales. (billion passenger kilometres) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Billion passenger kilometres66 0 Rail 1952 1960 1968 1976 1984 1992 2000 2008 2017 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Billion passenger kilometres38 Buses and 10 0 coaches 1952 1960 1968 1976 1984 1992 2000 2008 2017 700 600 500 400 300 200 670 Cars, vans 100 Billion passenger kilometres 0 and taxis 1952 1960 1968 1976 1984 1992 2000 2008 2017 PAGE 5 Rail in the wider transport system Most rail journeys are made on London and South East services Total journeys (including to/from other region and within region journeys) Scotland (102m) North East (16m) Yorkshire & The Humber (74m) North West (134m) East Midlands Wales (36m) (31m) East of England (189m) West Midlands (94m) London (927m) South West (52m) South East (304m) PAGE 6 Rail in the wider transport system Rail demand by sector 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 Franchised passenger journeys (millions) 200 0 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–00 2000–01 2001–02 2009–10 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 Regional operators London & South East operators Long Distance operators Over half of rail journeys are made by people commuting for work and education (England) Other6% Commuting55% for work and education Shopping6% Leisure25% Business9% PAGE 7 Rail in the wider transport system Those who usually commute by rail spend more time travelling than those travelling by other modes Average time taken to travel to work Car 26 Motorcycle 25 Bicycle 22 Bus/Coach 39 National rail 66 Other rail (includes underground, 49 light railway systems and trams) Method of travel All rail 59 Walk 14 Other modes 38 All modes 29 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time taken to travel (minutes) PAGE 8 Rail in the wider transport system Transport costs have more than doubled in 20 years The cost of buses, coaches and taxis has risen faster than rail travel since 1996 300 Sea & inland waterway passenger transport Buses, coaches and taxis 250 All CPI items Air Rail 200 150 100 Travel componentsTravel of CPI (1996=100) 50 0 2011 2015 2013 2017 2012 2016 2010 2014 2018 1996 1998 1997 2001 1999 2000 2004 2002 2006 2009 2005 2008 2003 2007 PAGE 9 Passengers Men made 6 more rail trips on average than women in 2017 However, women now make 65% more rail trips than in 2002 Average trips per person (England) 2002 2017 % 16 24 49% 11 18 65% Most rail trips in 2017 were made by those aged between 21 and 39 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Average number of trips age by (England) per year, 0 0–16 17–20 21–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70+ Age PAGE 10 Passengers People with a mobility difficulty made over three times as many rail trips in 2017 than in 2007 However, people with a mobility difficulty still made two-thirds fewer trips than people without a mobility difficulty 30 25 20 With a mobility difficulty 15 No mobility difficulty All individuals (aged 16+) 10 5 Average rail trips per person (England) 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 People in the highest quintile of household income made over three times as many rail trips as people in the lowest income quintile in 2017 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Average rail trips per person (England) 5 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Lowest real Second Third Fourth Highest real All income income level level level level income level levels PAGE 11 Passengers Passenger satisfaction has significantly improved since 1999 but in 2018 was 90 at its lowest in 10 years 85 80 75 70 65 Spring Autumn 60 survey survey 55 % of journeys rated satisfactory all over 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1999 2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 In 2017 only 17% of people were dissatisfied with rail overall (England) 17% 39% 20% 42% 12% 20% TRAINS LOCAL ROADS BUS CYCLING WALKING MAJOR ROADS Journeys for commuting are rated least satisfactory overall, with journeys for leisure rated the most satisfactory Overall satisfaction Overall satisfaction Overall satisfaction Commuters with the journey with the station with the train Business 71% 75% 67% Leisure 80% 79% 76% 88% 85% 85% PAGE 12 Passengers Punctuality and reliability is the biggest driver of passenger satisfaction (Autumn 2018) 23% Others 36% Punctuality/ reliability 7% Journey length 9% 14% Level of crowding Cleanliness inside train 11% Frequency of trains on the route How train companies deal with delays is the biggest driver of passenger dissatisfaction (Autumn 2018) 18% Others 5% Frequency of 48% trains on the route How the train company deal with delays 5% Journey length 12% 12% Level of crowding Punctuality/ reliability PAGE 13 Passengers 46% of journeys were rated satisfactory value for money for the price of the ticket (Autumn 2018) Distrust of train travel was 3 percentage points higher in January 2019 than January 2018 Weighted to be nationally representative. 40 35 30 25 20 Distrust Trust 15 10 % of respondents trusting/distrusting rail travel 5 0 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 PAGE 14 Freight Rail freight transported 17 billion tonne kilometres in 2017–18 This is the lowest since the late 1990s (billion tonne kilometres) 1.2bn 1.4bn 4.3bn 1.1bn 6.7bn 1.7bn 0.5bn COAL METAL CONSTRUCTION OIL AND DOMESTIC OTHER INTERNATIONAL PETROLEUM INTERMODAL Rail freight accounted for 9% of all domestic freight moved (2017) 9% 13% 78% Rail Water Road A reduction in coal freight Metals Construction has driven the decline in Oil & Petroleum overall rail freight International Coal Domestic Intermodal Other 25 Rail freight avoided 8.2m lorry journeys 20 in 2016–17 15 10 5 Billion net tonne kilometres 0 Rail freight emits 76% less CO2 than road freight 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 1999–00 2000–01 2001–02 2009–10 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 per tonne km Total amount of rail freight moved by commodity PAGE 15 The GB rail industry structure The railway is a large and complex industry with a cost base to match (2017–18) Passenger revenue £9.6bn Other income £0.9bn (including advertising and car parking) Passenger train operator profit £10.5bn (£0.2bn) Costs Net premium/subsidy (£0.4bn) Rolling stock (including fuel) £2.4bn Passenger Train Staff £3.1bn Operators Other (including marketing, £2.7bn office costs, maintenance) Total £8.2bn Government Track access charges, stations, depots (Department for Transport, and facilities charges and performance Transport Scotland and payments for schedules 4 & 8 Welsh Government) (£1.7bn) Costs Net public funding Operating £1.6bn through borrowing (£4.5bn) Maintenance £1.4bn Renewals £2.4bn Network Rail Enhancements £3.3bn Other Government Network Grant Financing (to external) £1.3bn rail expenditure (£4.5bn) (£0.3bn) Other £1.2bn Total £11.2bn Income from sources other than train operators (including property and freight access charges) (£0.5bn) PAGE 16 The GB rail industry structure The GB railway industry is a blend of both private and public sectors Secretary Devolved of State/ authorities* Department for Transport Scotland only Sub-national transport bodies Network Rail Train operators NR NR NR Train Rolling stock Routes Routes Routes operators companies Other infrastructure Office of Rail Open access Freight providers and Road operators operators (e.g. HS1, HS2) Public body Private entity Influence Independent body Direct relationship/ contractual * Includes Transport Scotland, Transport for Wales, Transport for London and Merseytravel PAGE 17 The GB rail industry structure Across the country there are a variety of arrangements for devolved and collaborative decision making for the railway Scotland The Scottish Government Transport for the North has franchising authority for the ScotRail is a statutory sub-national transport and Caledonian Sleeper services. body, developing and managing It also funds and determines the activity the Northern and Trans Pennine of Network Rail in Scotland. Express franchises in partnership with DfT. Transport for the North is also delivering projects such as a smart ticketing programme across the North. West Midlands Rail Executive is made up of the West Midlands Combined Authority and seven surrounding local authorities and has co-produced the West Midlands Railway services of the West Liverpool City Region Midlands franchise with DfT under a Merseytravel is the collaboration agreement.