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Home , Burkina Faso, Ikare, Pouytenga, Siguiri, The Gambia

2011 – 2012 WORK PRIORITIES GOVERNANCE CLUB AT A GLANCE AND WEST Club he Strategy and Policy Group (SPG) brings together Club Members twice a year Secretariat 1973. Extreme in the Sahel; creation of the “Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought : West African Futures Tto defi ne the Club’s work priorities and approve the programme of work and Control in the Sahel” (CILSS). The Club’s work focuses on settlement trends and market dynamics, analysing how budget as well as activity and fi nancial reports. Members also ensure the Club’s these two factors impact agricultural activities and food security conditions in smooth functioning through their fi nancial contributions (minimum contribution 1976. Creation of the “Club du Sahel” at the initiative of CILSS and some OECD member countries aiming . Building on a literature review and analyses of existing information, agreed upon by consensus) and designate the Club President. The position is at mobilising the international community in support of the Sahel. it questions the coherence of data currently used for policy and strategy design. It currently held by Mr. François-Xavier de Donnea, Belgian Minister of State. Under Secrétariat du also highlights the diffi culty of cross-country comparisons, which explains why the management structure of the OECD Secretariat for Global Relations, the SWAC THE SAHEL 1984. Another devastating drought; creation of the “Food Crisis Prevention Network” (RPCA) at the DU SAHEL ET DE it is almost impossible to construct a precise description of regional food security Secretariat is in charge of implementing the work programme. It organises and Club L'AFRIQUE DE L'OU EST initiative of CILSS and the Club. issues. A comparative analysis of past food security trends in West Africa and facilitates the Club Forums, Working Groups and other meetings that capitalise AND WEST South-East Asia complements this work. A second phase concentrates on building on the experiences and viewpoints of Members as well as West African socio- 1990. Adoption of the “Food Charter” by Sahelian countries. a prospective vision to help develop effective regional policies and support tools. A professional and organisations, relevant OECD Directorates, experts, Working Group comprised of key stakeholders is at the centre of the entire process. and representatives from other regions of the . AFRICA CLUB 1994. Release of the West African Long-Term Perspective Study (WALTPS), “Preparing for the Future: a vision of West Africa in the year 2020”. Food crisis prevention and management WORKING TOGETHER FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION 1997. Adoption of the Memorandum by the Sahelian Heads of State for more effective aid. Within the framework of the Food Crisis Prevention Network (RPCA) and under PUBLICATIONS the auspices of ECOWAS, the CILSS and the SWAC Secretariat facilitate a dialogue > www.oecd.org/swac/publications 2000. Creation of the Network of Farmer Organisations and Agricultural Producers of West Africa. : Ministry of Foreign process on the adoption of the new “Charter for Food Crisis Prevention and he Sahel and West Africa Club is Affairs, Foreign Trade and Management.” This code of good conduct notably includes a peer review mechanism West African Studies West African Futures Ta group of West African regional Development Cooperation 2001. Expansion of the Club’s geographic coverage to all of West for monitoring the effective implementation of the Charter. Moreover, CILSS and An OECD book Documents and notes organisations, countries and inter- Africa. the SWAC Secretariat provide support for an ECOWAS/UEMOA initiative aimed series analysing West highlighting fi ndings national organisations that work ECOWAS: Commission of the at setting-up a regional network of national food security stocks. Capitalizing African development of the Club’s work on together towards the development Economic Community of West 2005. Support for the elaboration of the ECOWAS African States on its position within the OECD, the SWAC Secretariat also promotes issues from a regional settlement, market and integration of the West African Common Agricultural Policy (ECOWAP). this initiative by emphasizing West African concerns within the G20. perspective. and food security. region. The Club’s mission is to pool CILSS: Secretariat of the together Members’ experiences, ideas Permanent Inter-State Committee 2006. Launch of the ECOWAS Cross-border for Drought Control in the Sahel Energy and perspectives to help build more Initiatives Programme (CIP), conceived on the West African Challenges NewsBriefs effective regional policies. Drawing basis of Club work. : Ministry of Foreign and The primary work objective is to develop a common vision (ECOWAS/ Syntheses of the A weekly press on factual studies and independent European Affairs UEMOA/CILSS) for the sector and policy tools. state of the debate review monitoring analyses, the Club devises strategic 2007. Support for the ECOWAS Bringing together key stakeholders, including the ECOWAS addressing various regional trends in guidelines and policy tools for Germany: Federal Ministry Commission in drawing up its “Strategic Regional Centre for Regional Energy and Energy Effi ciency development West Africa. Members and other stakeholders. for Economic Cooperation and Vision for 2020”. (ECREEE), SWAC work draws particularly on lessons from challenges. Development (BMZ) Brazil’s bioenergy experience and OECD work on “green growth.” The Club is also a space for policy : 2008. Support for the setting-up of the dialogue. As a member of the OECD Ministry of Foreign Affairs ECOWAS Early Warning and Response Subscribe to the SWAC newsletter to keep informed: www.oecd.org/swac/newsletter Development Cluster, the SWAC Secre- Network for Confl ict Prevention (ECOWARN). Security and development tariat contributes to the work of the (The): Ministry of The increase in instability and the hybridization of traffi cking and Organisation and ensures that West Foreign Affairs ASSISES 2010 2008. Support for the elaboration of the violence call for policies that link security and development. The SAHEL AND African concerns and initiatives are ECOWAS “Common Approach on Migration”. WEST AFRICA : Federal Department underlying dynamics can no longer be confi ned to the West African Club taken into account in global debates, Aide-mémoireof Foreign Affairs region. Through a regional analysis of recent tensions, the SWAC Secretariat particularly those on food, energy and 2008/2009. Support for the ECOWAP “Regional Secretariat aims at promoting dialogue and improving the under- security issues. AUEMOA: une semaine Commission de la tenue of theà New West York de la réunion à hautAgricultural niveau sur laInvestment réalisation Programme”.des African Economic and Monetary standing of West African security issues in relation to Africa and OECD objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), l’édition 2010 des Assises de la © SWAC/OECD, October 2011. Postal address SWAC/OECD Union member countries. Drawing on diverse expertise, it analyses how links between 2, rue André Pascal Coopération luxembourgeoise ne peut pas faire l’impasse2009. sur Supportcet exercice in defi de ning bilan strategic guidelines for the development security and development are refl ected in regional and international policies. F-75775 Paris, Cedex 16 intermédiaire,United States: à deux U.S. tiersAgency du cheminfor entre 2000, année d’adoptionof the livestock des OMD, sector et 2015, within UEMOA and ECOWAS. Secrétariat du O f fi c e Le Seine Saint-Germain rendez-vousInternational pris Development pour leur mise en œuvre. Après tout, dans sa stratégie générale DU SAH EL 12,ET bdDE des Iles, building B d’intervention, la Coopération luxembourgeoise place très 2011.haut la Creation priorité d’atteindre of the new les Club; ECOWAS, UEMOA and CILSS become Club Members. L'AFRIQU E F-92130 DE L'OU Issy-les-Moulineaux EST Club OMD. Par ailleurs, elle se donne les moyens financiers et définit ses priorités sectorielles Phone +33 (0)1 45 24 89 87 de sorte à apporter sa part à la réalisation des OMD. En effet,2011. le Adoptionniveau élevé of dethe l’aide “Charter for Food Crisis Prevention and Management”, which covers 17 West Fax +33 (0)1 45 24 90 31 African countries. www.oecd.org/swac E-mail [email protected] publique au développement (APD) du Luxembourg n’a pas été revu à la baisse pour cause de crise économique globale, et les stratégies sectorielles de la Coopération luxembourgeoise visent à faire progresser le développement sur toute l’étendue du front des OMD.

Au tout début de cette première décennie du nouveau millénaire la communauté internationale, réunie au plus haut niveau, avait adopté les OMD avec des cibles quantifiées et des indicateurs de mesure. Pour la première fois un agenda consensuel avait pu être défini, avec une clause de rendez-vous sur le long terme, tenant compte du fait que le développement durable est un exercice d’endurance et de longue haleine. Dans la foulée, un consensus avait mené à un autre : le Consensus de Monterrey de 2002 sur le financement du développement, mettant chacun et chacune devant ses responsabilités financières et de gouvernance respectives. Bien sûr que les bailleurs de fonds restent tenus par leur engagement d’une APD de 0,7 pour cent de leur RNB ; mais les ressources nationales, les fruits du commerce extérieur, les investissements étrangers directs et les transferts des migrants doivent obligatoirement venir compléter la donne pour financer la mise en œuvre des OMD, mais aussi pour créer l’environnement responsable et propice pour que la réalisation de ces OMD puisse se faire avec un espoir de durabilité.

1/3 ECOWAS BETWEEN OPPORTUNITIES FORUMS UEMOA • Regional Solidarity to address Food Crises, 7-8 Dec 2010, he majority of West African countries seem to be on the path to sustained CILSS ombining efforts, sharing A roadmap to facilitate the Teconomic growth. This growth is bolstered by considerable natural Cexperiences and knowledge, setting-up of a regional food resources – not only in petrol, natural gas, bauxite, uranium, iron, , Zouérat and fi nding common solutions are stock. wood, cocoa, coffee and cotton, but also in land and water. It is also based on the core functions of the Club. Its Nouâdhibou a rapidly growing regional market with a young and mobile population (the Râs Nouâdhibou Forums aim to: • Agricultural and Food Price population grew by 28% from 2000 to 2010). Foreign investment is no longer Atâr Volatility, 14-15 June 2011, Paris Et Tidra limited to raw materials; intense competition among multinational corpo- Râs Timirist • Support West African regional Integration of West African rations notably takes place in the West African transport, bank and mobile policies; perspectives in G20 debates.

Nouakchott phone sectors. Today, more than a third of West Africans own a mobile phone. Arlit A middle class has also begun to emerge. For example, the number of West • Enrich strategies by sharing • West Africa and Brazil: addressing

Rosso Dagana Bourem Renewable Energy Challenges Africans holding bank accounts is steadily increasing. The agricultural sector Richard Toll Tombouctou experiences from other regions , Kiffa Agadez Saint-Louis Kaédi is progressively transforming to meet growing domestic demand. A constantly of the world; 5-6 Dec 2011, Louga Matam Dahra Tivaouane increasing number of farms are entering into the market that provides for Nioro Launch of work in support Thiès Touba Mbacké Rufisque Diourbel Fatick two-thirds of the food consumed in the region. Although sometimes marked Mbour Guinguiéno Ayorou • Promote West African positions of a regional renewable Tahoua Joal-Fadiout Kaffrine Kayes Niono Tillabéri Nioro du Rip Dakoro Djenné Djibo Téra by serious setbacks, West Africa is making progress in the field of gover- Nguigmi Mao and policies in global debates energy policy. Farafenni Dioro Dori THE Banjul Madaoua Abéché Birni-Nkonni Santa Su Brikama Dogondoutchi Tessaoua Zinder Miria Velingara Ségou Maradi San nance and democracy. Civil society organisations and the media are strongly Marsassoum Kita Diffa and initiatives; Matamèye Ati Tougan Kaya Oum Hadjer Kolda Koulikoro Kati Yako Dosso Sokoto Daura GAMBIA BURKINA Magaria Nouna Gashua Argungu Nguru developing, making their voices heard and more strongly influencing political Kaura Namoda Katsina Kukawa • June 2012, topic to be defi ned. Bafatá Koutiala Dédougou Réo Massaguet Fada Gumel N’Gourma Birnin-Kebbi Hadejia Dutsin-Ma Koupéla FASODiapaga Gummi N'Djaména Mongo Gaya Jega and social trends. Gusau Maiduguri • Draw policy guidelines from - Malanville Dourbali Kano Dutse Potiskum Damaturu Labé Siguiri Bougouni Houndé Bama Banikoara Azare Pita Funtua Boké Pô Kandi SWAC work and define • Food Trends and Prospects, Arquipélago dos Bijagos Léo Orodara Bobo- BISSAU Dioulasso Bawku Zaria Am Timan Fria Yelwa GUINEA Mamou Biu Kindia Gaoua Sansanné-Mango Dec 2012 Tengréla roadmaps for their implemen- Natitingou Kontagora Kaduna Bauchi Faranah Bongor Wa Gombi Mubi ...AND RISKS Coyah Gombe Kabala Forecariah Niamtougou Djougou Nikki Jos Savelugu tation. New approach on regional Kara Kérouane Odienné Bouna GHANATamale Parakou Minna Pala Laï Korhogo Yendi Bassar Bafilo Kissidougou Mokwa Kélo Port Loko Langtang Makeni Tchamba Bassila Kishi Jebba Suleja Yola Sarh food security issues and Lunsar Koidu-Sefadu Bimbila Akwanga Guékédou Macenta Igboho Bida Koumra Jalingo Moundou Doba Waterloo Sotouboua Shaki he rapid changes and evolving challenges in the region bring their own Bo Kenema ToubCÔTEa D’IVOIRE Yeji policies, taking into account Séguéla Katiola Bondoukou Offa SIERRA Mankono Kintampo Savalou Ilobu Lola Tanda Biankouma Savé Oyo Oshogbo Kabba Nzérékoré Atebubu Iseyin Béoumi Wenchi Dassa Ikirun Makurdi Wukari Bouaké Atakpamé Zoumè Ede Ado-Ekiti Zuénoula Berekum Techiman Fiditi Okene Ayangba settlement dynamics and risks and instability. A significant portion of the population is still excluded Nsuatre Yekepa Man Vavoua Mbahiakro Ikere T Sunyani Ejura Kétou Iwo Ilesha Ikare Ankpa Bohicon LEONE Gbarnga Agnibilékrou Dormaa-Ahenkro Abeokuta Ajaokuta Danané Tiébissou Hohoé Mampong Abomey Gboko Bouaflé Notsé Cové Ikire Auchi Daoukro Kpalimé Dogbo Pobé Shagamu Otukpo Agogo Nsukka markets. from the benefits of observed growth, and recurring food crises strongly hit Duékoué Dimbokro Sinfra Kumasi Konongo Lokossa Sakété Ondo Ifon Uromi Bongouanou Abengourou Ikorodu Ijebu-Ode Guiglo Toumodi Nkawkaw Ho Tsévié Enugu Issia Oumé Bibiani Bekwai Vogan Abakaliki Obuasi Dzodze Okitipupa Agbor Ouidah Benin Asaba Koforidua Aneho Porto- the most vulnerable. High , chronic electricity shortages, land Zwedru Adzopé Kade Suhum Aflao Novo Awka Buchanan Gagnoa Divo Oda Akwatia City Afikpo Agboville Dunkwa Nsawam Keta Abraka Soubré Lakota Tiassalé Asamankese Sapele Ikom Anloga Lomé Swedru Ughelli Umahia Dabou Aboisso Prestea tender issues, competition for natural resources as well as the impact of Mankessim Arochuku Akamkpa Winneba Owerri Adiaké Elmina Warri Accra Aba Ikot Ekpene Santo AntãoCAPE VERDE Cape Coast Sassandra Axim Uyo change are all potential sources of tension and conflict. These risks are Sekondi-Takoradi Yenagoa Okrika Mindelo San-Pédro Oron Calabar Eket São Vicente Santa Lucia Harper Tabou Île Branco Sal I l Île Razo exacerbated by the development of illegal trafficking, the rise and expansion h a São Nicolau s Port Harcourt d o b SAHEL AND a r l WEST AFRICA a v e Club of terrorist groups, and the re-emergence of irredentism. Despite the progress n t o Boa Vista ECOWAS member countries Secretariat v e n t o s o t a 2010 d o Maio Population 2010 GDP based on PPP valuation Annual growth a s Land Density I l h already made, many countries must further consolidate democracy and Fogo 2 2 Praia Santiago 1 000 km pop./km strengthen institutional capacity in order to respond to these challenges. Brava million % of WA USD million % of WA USD per capita (2002-2010) Benin, , , Nigeria 158.3 49.8 924 171 Nigeria 384 084 64.1 2 427 9.1 24.3 7.5 239 102 Ghana 37 135 6.2 1 526 5.9 Côte d’Ivoire, , Ghana, 2010 Urban agglomerations Côte d'Ivoire 21.6 6.9 322 67 Côte d'Ivoire 36 652 6.1 1 699 1.2 Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, (projections) city million Burkina Faso 16.3 5 274 59 Senegal 22 009 3.7 1 711 3.9 Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Nigeria Lagos 10 Niger 15.9 5 1 267 13 Burkina Faso 20 986 3.5 1 289 5.5 and Togo Côte d’Ivoire Abidjan 4.1 Mali 13.3 4.1 1 240 11 Chad 17 469 2.9 1 518 8.4 (15 countries). Ghana Accra 3.5 Senegal 12.9 4.1 197 65 Mali 15 243 2.5 1 144 4.9 Nigeria Ibadan 3.1 Chad 11.5 3.8 1 284 9 Benin 13 833 2.3 1 502 3.6 Senegal Dakar 2.7 Guinea 10.3 3.1 246 42 Guinea 11 672 1.9 1 131 2.5 UEMOA member countries Nigeria Kano 2.3 Benin 9.2 2.8 115 80 Niger 10 979 1.8 691 4.7 Ghana Kumasi 1.8 Togo 6.8 2.2 57 119 Mauritania 8 250 1.4 2 451 4.1 Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Togo 6 289 1 928 2.5 Guinea Conakry 1.6 Sierra Leone 5.8 1.9 72 81 Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Mali Bamako 1.6 Liberia 4.1 1.3 111 37 Sierra Leone 5 128 0.9 879 8.7 Senegal and Togo (8 countries). Togo Lomé/Afl ao 1.4 Mauritania 3.4 0.9 1 026 3 The Gambia 3 525 0.6 2 013 5.2 Burkina Faso Ouagadougou 1.4 The Gambia 1.8 0.6 11 155 Cape Verde 2 147 0.4 4 188 6.1 Nigeria Kaduna 1.4 Guinea-Bissau 1.6 0.6 36 46 Liberia 2 266 0.4 552 1.7 CILSS member countries Benin Cotonou 1.3 Cap Verde 0.5 0.2 4 127 Guinea-Bissau 1 769 0.3 1 074 1.5 Total 599 436 100 1 885 Nigeria Benin City 1.2 Total 318 100 7 425 43 Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Nigeria Port Harcourt 1.2 ECOWAS 303 95 5 115 59 ECOWAS 573 717 95.7 1 893 Liberia Monrovia 1.1 UEMOA 98 31 3 508 28 UEMOA 127 760 21.3 1 304 The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria Jos 1 CILSS 78 25 5 339 15 CILSS 102 377 17.1 1 330 Mauritania, Niger and Senegal

Source: Africapolis (2009), http://www.afd.fr Source: World Population Prospects, 2008 Revision, http://esa.un.org/UNPP Source: Basic Indicators, 2010, http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org (9 countries).