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The Strongmen Strike Back Robert Kagan
POLICY BRIEF The strongmen strike back Robert Kagan Authoritarianism has returned as an ideological and strategic force. And it returns at just the moment when the liberal world is suffering a major crisis of confidence. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Today, authoritarianism has emerged as the Of all the geopolitical transformations confronting greatest challenge facing the liberal democratic the liberal democratic world these days, the one world—a profound ideological, as well as strategic, for which we are least prepared is the ideological challenge. Or, more accurately, it has reemerged, and strategic resurgence of authoritarianism. We for authoritarianism has always posed the most are not used to thinking of authoritarianism as a potent and enduring challenge to liberalism, since distinct worldview that offers a real alternative the birth of the liberal idea itself. Authoritarianism to liberalism. Communism was an ideology—and has now returned as a geopolitical force, with strong some thought fascism was, as well—that offered a nations such as China and Russia championing comprehensive understanding of human nature, anti-liberalism as an alternative to a teetering politics, economics and governance to shape the liberal hegemony. It has returned as an ideological behavior and thought of all members of a society in force, offering the age-old critique of liberalism, every aspect of their lives. and just at the moment when the liberal world is suffering its greatest crisis of confidence since We believed that “traditional” autocratic the 1930s. It has returned armed with new and governments were devoid of grand theories about hitherto unimaginable tools of social control and society and, for the most part, left their people disruption that are shoring up authoritarian rule at alone. -
Ideological and Real Socialism of My Soviet Childhood, Schooling, and Teaching: Multi-Consciousness1
ISSN: 2325-3290 (online) Ideological and real socialism of my Soviet childhood, schooling, and teaching: Multi-consciousness1 Eugene Matusov University of Delaware, USA Abstract Through my autobiographical reflective ethnography of my Soviet childhood, schooling and teaching, I try to investigate the phenomenon of political multiple consciousness that I observed in the USSR and its development in children. In my analysis, I abstracted eight diverse types of consciousness, five of which are political in their nature. Eugene Matusov is a Professor of Education at the University of Delaware. He studied developmental psychology with Soviet researchers working in the Vygotskian paradigm and worked as a schoolteacher before immigrating to the United States. He uses sociocultural and Bakhtinian dialogic approaches to education. His recent books are: Matusov, E. (2017). Nikolai N. Konstantinov’s authorial math pedagogy for people with wings, Matusov, E. & Brobst, J. (2013). Radical experiment in dialogic pedagogy in higher education and its Centauric failure: Chronotopic analysis, and Matusov, E. (2009). Journey into dialogic pedagogy. Introduction Famous Soviet comedian Mikhail Zhvanetsky commented in one of his 1970s monologue that it was very difficult to learn what exactly a Soviet person thought on any issue. He suspected that the answer could be given only through a physiological examination of the person’s body, “A person who says ‘yes’ undergoes a careful examination to check if behind this ‘yes’ is lurking hidden ‘no’. The exact answer can be achieved only by a urine test, which is very difficult to obtain from the person” (Zhvanetsky, 2001, p. 175, translation from Russian is mine). For the purpose of this investigation, I define a type of political consciousness heuristically as somewhat consistent subjectivity. -
CONSEIL DE L'atlantique NORD NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL NATO UNCLASSIFIED" PUBLIC DISCLOSE® EXEMPLAIRE 374 COPY ^ W IS* "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ; 8Th February, 1957
CONSEIL DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL NATO UNCLASSIFIED" PUBLIC DISCLOSE® EXEMPLAIRE 374 COPY ^ W IS* "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ; 8th February, 1957. MMARY RECORD C"-R(57)7 - Summary Record of a meeting of the Council held at the Palais de Chaillot, Paris, XVIe, on Wednesday, 6th.February, at 10.15" a."~m7 • PRESENT Chairman: The Lord Ismay BELGIUM GREECE • NORWAY Mr. A. de Staercke Mr. M. Melas Mr. K. Aars . CANADA ICELAND PORTUGAL Mr. L.D. Wilgress Mr. H. Andersen ' -Count de Tovar DENMARK • ITALY TURKEY Mr. M.A. Wassard Mr. M. Pinna Caboni Mr. Z. Kuneralp FRANCE LUXEMBOURG UNITED KINGDOM Mr. A. ParcTdi S Mr., A. Philippe Sir Christopher St'eel GERMANY I NETHERLANDS UNITED STATES t ' ' Mr. H. Blankenhorn Mr, G0 W. ' Pe rk i ns I Mr,. E.N. van Kleff ens Deputy Secretary GénéralINTERNATIONA: L BaroSTAFFn A. Bentinck Assistant Secretary General Mr. A. Casardi for-Political Affairs; •-•il Assistant Secretary General / \ for Economics and Finance: Mr. F.D. Gregh Acting Assistant Secretary General for Production- and Mr, A. F. Moreau DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED Logistics: Executive Secretary: The Lord Coleridge - ALSO PRESENT Standing Group Representative General G.M. de Chassey • CONTENTS Item Subject . Page No. I. Military consequences of POL shortages 3 II. Allied Command Europe counter-surpirise military ' 6 alert system N III. Rules for engagement of unidentified aircraft "by 6 NATO fighters in peacetime • IV. Exercise "'Strikeback" ' 8 " V. Division of responsibilities in wartime between the national territorial commanders and the 9 major and subordinate NATO commanders VI. -
STRIKING FIRST – Preemptive and Preventive Attack in U.S. National
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Project AIR FORCE View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. STRIKINGFIRST Preemptive and Preventive Attack in U.S. National Security Policy KARL P. MUELLER JASEN J. CASTILLO FORREST E. MORGAN NEGEEN PEGAHI BRIAN ROSEN Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. -
HMS Gambia 1957-1958
An Act of Remembrance great, probably because many Norwegian families they had three engagements ashore. They per- were away from Bergen on their summer holidays. formed two 'Beat Retreat' ceremonies in the On the fifth afternoon a children's party was held middle of Bergen, and gave a light musical concert and this proved a great success. Some 150 children, in the city-centre bandstand. Each of these per- of all sizes, attended. Some very appreciative formances drew large crowds, and were thoroughly comments were heard later, after a party of sailors enjoyed. had made a collection on board and taken a suitcase full of sweets and chocolates to the local hospital, Throughout the visit, the electricians had been for those children who could not come to the working furiously to prepare for floodlighting party. the ship and, on Friday and Saturday evenings, the port side was bathed in shining light. From the On Thursday, 25th July, the Captain, the British other side of the harbour, it was a lovely sight and Consul, Miss I. Strong, O.B.E., and, representing made an impressive finale to the visit. the Norwegian Navy, Commodore Sorenssen, laid wreaths on the British War Memorial. This Almost before we had learnt to say 'tak' and was in the Mollerdal cemetery, which provided `skol', rather than 'ta' and 'cheers', the ship was a very peaceful and beautiful situation for the again under sailing orders. During the last fore- simple, but impressive ceremony that was held. noon (Sunday, 28th July,) Church was held on the quarterdeck, and several local British residents A Royal Marines guard was paraded and, after a came on board for this, but an hour after short service, nine of Gambia's ceremonial buglers the Service, the quarterdeck had become a mass sounded the Last Post and Reveille perfectly, and of wires again, as Gambia made a sternboard with a most moving effect. -
We Are an Image from the Future the Greek Revolt of December 2008
WE ARE AN IMAGE FROM THE FUTURE The Greek Revolt of December 2008 WE ARE AN IMAGE FROM THE FUTURE The Greek Revolt of December 2008 Edited by A.G. Schwarz, Tasos Sagris, and Void Network We are an Image from the Future: The Greek Revolt of December 2008 2010 A.G. Schwarz, Tasos Sagris, and Void Network This edition © 2010 AK Press (Oakland, Edinburgh, Baltimore) ISBN-13: 978-1-84935-019-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2010921020 AK Press AK Press 674-A 23rd Street PO Box 12766 Oakland, CA 94612 Edinburgh, EH8 9YE USA Scotland www.akpress.org www.akuk.com [email protected] [email protected] The above addresses would be delighted to provide you with the latest AK Press distribution catalog, which features the several thousand books, pamphlets, zines, audio and video products, and stylish apparel published and/or distributed by AK Press. Alternatively, visit our web site for the complete catalog, latest news, and secure ordering. Visit us at www.akpress.org and www.revolutionbythebook.akpress.org. Follow Void Network [Theory, Utopia, Empathy, Ephemeral Arts] at: www.voidnetwork.blogspot.com | [email protected] Please contact A.G. Schwarz at: [email protected] Printed in Canada on acid-free paper with union labor. Cover design by Kate Khatib Front cover photo © by Elen Grigoriadou. Back cover photo © by Kostas Tsironis TABLE OF CONTENTS The Street Has Its Own History—Tasos Sagris ................................1 with five hundred ........................................................................... 108 Solidarity is a Flame—A.G. Schwarz ................................................2 Anna: That’s how big this thing was .............................................. 110 Yiannis: In Patras one thousand people were coming out to the 1. -
British Perfidy in Greece: a Story Worth Remembering - Ed Vulliamy and Helena Smith
British perfidy in Greece: a story worth remembering - Ed Vulliamy and Helena Smith An account of the time in 1944 when the British Army, at war with Germany switched their allegiance, opening fire upon – and arming Greek collaborators with the Nazis to fire upon – a civilian crowd in Syntagma Square. “I can still see it very clearly, I have not forgotten,” says Titos Patrikios; “the police firing on the crowd from the roof of the parliament at the top of Syntagma Square in Athens. The young men and women lying in pools of blood, everyone rushing down the stairs in total shock, total panic.” And then came the defining moment: the recklessness of jeunesse, the passion of belief in a justice burning bright: “I jumped up on the fountain in the middle of the square, the one that is still there, and I began to shout: “Comrades, don’t disperse! Victory will be ours! Don’t leave. The time has come. We will win!” “I was,” he says now, “absolutely sure, profoundly sure, that we were going to win”. But there was no winning that day; just as there was no pretending that what had happened would not change the history of a country that, liberated from Adolf Hitler’s Reich barely six weeks earlier, was now surging headlong towards bloody civil war. Seventy years may have passed but time has not diminished how Titos Patrikios felt that day. Nor has it dented his recollection of events. Even now, at 86, when he “laughs at and with myself that I have reached such an age”, the poet can remember, scene-for-scene, shot for shot, what happened on the central square of Greek political life, on the morning of December 3, 1944. -
NJ to Hear Board Plea Nov. 14Th Won't Cut School Aid Meynersays
./ • •" r •; •/• ; A Newspaper Devoted Complete News, Pictures Full Local Coverage Presented Fairly, Clearly To the Community Interest And Impartially Each "Week , Published Every Thursday VOL. XIX—NO. 31 FORDS, N. J., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1957 at 18 Green Street, ^Wopdtaidge, H. 3. PRICE BIGHT CENTS NJ to Hear Meyner for Governor Won't Cut ' When an election campaign has be most effective under such circum-' seemed to us to be only a contest between stances. Board Plea Tweedle-Dum and Tweedle-Dee, .we have The Republicans have been unable to • School Aid refrained from expressing a preference. develop any significant issues. They cer-. Nov. 14th We feel 'that the gubernatorial election tainly have been responsible for total MeynerSays to be held in November is a matter of negligence for nearly tru'rty years of the Tentative Hearing Date vital importance, and because of this fact state's potable water supply require- Over 600 Enthusiastic we should express our opinion concern- ments. Governor Meyner, frankly, should Announced by Boylan in provide the leadership which the Repub- Party Stalwarts Greet School Progress Report ing it. f Governor at $25 Dinner This newspaper will support Governor licans have failed to do even though they WOODBRIDGE — November Robert B. Meyner, the Democratic can- have controlled the Legislature and the WOODBRIDGE — Labeling the 14 has been set as the tentative Governor's office during much of the opposition's "Truth Squa'd". as a date for a hearing before the didate, against Senator Malcolm S. "Truth Distortion Squad," Gov- State Department of Education Forbes, the Republican. -
We Remember Submarine Sea Poacher
CHAPTER 1 FRANCIS M. GAMBACORTA WAR PATROL REPORT #1 19 NOVEMBER 1944 - 13 JANUARY 1945 COMMANDING OFFICER SEA POACHER CONFIDENTIAL LETTER 22406/A4-3 SERIAL 02 DATED 13 JANUARY 1945 EDITOR’S NOTE: Provided herein is a copy of the original report retyped by me and the SEA POACHER Association President William Brinkman in 2007 from copies of original records maintained at the U.S. Navy Submarine Force Museum in Groton, CT, and kindly provided to us by Ken Johnson. The wording/grammar has not been altered. Where new acronyms are used, parens [ ] have been added to denote their meaning. This report was declassified at some later date. Where referred go to www.seapoacher.com website. A note on Captain Gambacorta. His first command was the Submarine S-40, and with SEA POACHER, he completed 13 World War II patrols. He subsequently commanded the Destroyer BUCKLEY which was followed by the AKA WYANDOT in Antarctica. Following Navy retirement, he received a Ph.D. in Italian Literature from Rutgers University with special expertise in writings about Dante’s Inferno. He then spent 10 years teaching at Long Island University where he specialized in languages and student administration. Upon this retirement he achieved Professor Emeritus status. Captain Gambacorta passed away in Williamsburg, Virginia in 2000 at the age of 87. He is buried at the U. S. Naval Academy Cemetery. (A) PROLOGUE 22 February 1944. Keel laid Navy Yard Portsmouth, N.H. 20 May 1944. Launched. 31 July 1944. Commissioned. 14 August 1944. Ship accepted. Reported to COMSUBLANT for training. 15 August – 20 September 1944. -
Hms Bulwark 1957
898 Pilots in joining rig Recovery of runaway Gannet Open to Visitors, Cherbourg, July, 1957 H.M.S. "Bulwark" at Cherbourg I Bulwark's Second Commission ON WEDNESDAY, 20TH MARCH, 1 957, H.M.S. After leaving Milford Haven and about to begin Bulwark recommissioned whilst still in dockyard night flying, a large number of cases of unservice- hands. In his address to the ship's company that able fuel gauges in our Gannets and jets were afternoon the Captain outlined the future pro- discovered, due to water contamination of the gramme of the ship as far as it was known, adding Avcat system. All Gannet and jet flying was significantly that after December, 1957, our pro- cancelled to enable the aircraft tanks to be drained gramme was "anybody's guess." and the ship's Avcat system flushed, until it seemed There was still much to be done by the dock- that the menace had been eliminated. Limited yard, but the new arrivals were able to settle in flying was resumed, but symptoms again appeared; and find their bearings in the ship during the flying was cancelled and the "Londonderry" comparatively calm though noisy refit routine, Exercise arranged for the following week post- and a five-day week became almost second nature. poned, while the ship anchored in Bangor Bay, Easter leave came and went, but it was not until Northern Ireland, to carry out the lengthy task of we were out of dockyard hands, and looking more purging the entire Avcat system. respectable, that the official Recommissioning In Bangor Bay a minor sensation was caused Service was held. -
The Right of Self-Defence Under International Law-The Response To
Department of the INFORMATION AND RESEARCH SERVICES Parliamentary Library Current Issues Brief No. 8 2001–02 The Right of Self-Defence under International Law—the Response to the Terrorist Attacks of 11 September ISSN 1440-2009 Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2002 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent of the Department of the Parliamentary Library, other than by Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament in the course of their official duties. This paper has been prepared for general distribution to Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament. While great care is taken to ensure that the paper is accurate and balanced, the paper is written using information publicly available at the time of production. The views expressed are those of the author and should not be attributed to the Information and Research Services (IRS). Advice on legislation or legal policy issues contained in this paper is provided for use in parliamentary debate and for related parliamentary purposes. This paper is not professional legal opinion. Readers are reminded that the paper is not an official parliamentary or Australian government document. IRS staff are available to discuss the paper's contents with Senators and Members and their staff but not with members of the public. Published by the Department of the Parliamentary Library, 2002 I NFORMATION AND R ESEARCH S ERVICES Current Issues Brief No. 8 2001–02 The Right of Self-Defence under International Law—the Response to the Terrorist Attacks of 11 September Angus Martyn Law and Bills Digest Group 1 January 2002 Enquiries Information and Research Services publications are available on the ParlInfo database. -
1963 Version
·"' z 0 � Ill� p ATIONS ATIONS 0 ... c Ill> zc t-z .... NAVAL NAVAL 0 ... 0 . Ill u 5 ... � M . !!!--a ll.:l:o-. HISTORY HISTORY U U COMMUNIC Ou- CHRONOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGICAL =•:=:=:=:=:=:=:•• =•:=:=:=:=:=:=:•• •:=:::::=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=: HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS OF NAVAL COMMUNICATIONS 1776 (l) Continental Navy is organized under Commodore Esek Hopkins, our first naval Commander-in-Chief. (Z) Continental Congress issues first naval signal in structions, regarding the manipulation of sails and the positions from which the ensign and other national flags are flown. 1777 Maritime Committee of the Continental Congress orders commander of an American Squadron to take his force to the British West Indies, formulate such signal pro cedures as rrequired to control his ships in battle, and intercept a British merchant fleet leaving Jamaica. 1797 CAPT Thomas Truxtun, USN, issues first known American signal book using numerary system. Ten pennants, made of combinations of red, white, blue and yellow bunting, with flags for repeaters, are used. The volume contains approximately two hundred and ninety signals. (Fog signals are indicated by gun and musket fire, and night signals by lanterns and gunfire.) The Navy officially accepts CAPT Truxtun1 s visual signaling system. 180Z The signal book of Commodore John Barry, USN, and CAPT James Barron, USN, replaces Truxtun1s signal book. This was known as the Barron Signal Book. It was basically the same as CAPT Truxtun1s but more efficiently organized. 1813 Barron Signal Book is revised; substituting flags for pennants and adding shapes. 18Z4 Secretary of the Navy officially assigns responsibility for Naval Communications to the Board of Commissioners. 1847 Navy adopts the Rageus and Black Semaphore Dictionary.