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Aalrual rainfall for 1988in the five meteorologicaldistricts withinthe areaofthe anaualwaterfowl count .... ... .. .. 4 3. Number of birds, nestsand broods for eachwaterfowl species countedin November1988 and March 1989 .. .... ... .. .. 8 4. Distribution of waterfowl speciesby wetlaad type in November1988 a-nd March 1989 ... ..... -... ... ... .. ... .. I 5. Number of birds, nestsand broods in each region in November 1988ard March 1989 . 9 6. Distributionof waterfowlspecies by regionin November1988 ........ ........ 9 7. Distribution of waterfowl speciesby region in March L989 . 10 8. The 15 wetlands supporting the highest number of waterfowl in November1988 and March 1989 .. -.... ... .. .... 10 9. Distribution of breeding by waterfowl speciesarnongst wetland tlpesin November1988 .. .... ........ 12 10. 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ChestnutTeal and madedirect counts, (2) Becauseducks are hunted, information on Countingdates the populationtrends of game speciesis requiredfor proper management. Counts were made during nhe-day periods (two wsekendsand the iaterveningweek) at the end of The program hasfour specificobjectives: the breedingseason, yiz 19-27November 1988, and (1) to provide an index of annualabuadance of in early autum! when the birds were congregated duck, swans and coots in south-western in summerrefuges, viz 11-19March 1989. Australial Between 1986-88 annual counts i! (2) to exanine regional distributiou of these south-westemAustralia were made il March. A specieseach year in relationto rainfall; Novembercount was incorporatedhto the current extensionof the counting program to enable the (3) to compare regional distribution arrd rypes extentof breedingto be assessedand the regional of wetlandsused duriag the breedingseason distribution and gpes of wetland used during the and in late sumner; breedingseason to be comparedwith the 'summer' pattern.Most of the speciesbehg countedlay eggs (4) to estimateactual numbersof ducks,swans between July a.nd November (Halse and Jaensch and coots in south-westeruAustralia by 1989) so that broods are usually plentiful in extrapolating results from the wetlands November and some suweyed, birds are on nests.Australian Shelducksgenerally nest earlier thar other species ard frequently gather to moult ia November SURVEYDESIGN (Jenkins 1976); November surveys help identily importantmoulting sites. Speciescounted Wetland tlT€s As in the previous CALM/RAOU waterfowl South-westemAustralia has wet winters and hot countingproject (Jaenschand Vervest1988a,b), 13 dry summers. Rainlall rliminishes rapidly with native and four speciesof exotic waterfowl were distarce from the coast. The distribution and ty?e counted: of wetlards reflect this climate arld are described Black Swan Cygnusstralus by Lane ard McComb (1988). Most lakes are FreckledDuck Slictonettanaevosa seasonal,with the proportion of seasonallakes AustralianShelduck Tadomatadomoides increasingwith distarcefrom the coast.Salinization Pacfic Black Duck Anas superciliosa is widespreadin south-westertrAustralia (Mulcahy Grey Teal A. gibberiftons 1978) and most lakes ard rivers in idand ChestnutTeal A. castanea agriculturalareas have become saline in the past 50 AustralasianShoveler A.rlrynchotis years.On the easternmargin of the surveyarea and Phk-eared Duck Malacorhynchus in some coastal areas,especially around Esperance membranaceus (seeFig. 1), thereare naturally-occurringsalt lakes.
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