Social and Behavioural Sciences
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
O. Karataev TITLE of the ANCIENT TURKS: “KAGAN” (QAGAN) and “ZHABGU” (YABGU)
ISSN 1563-0269, еISSN 2617-8893 Journal of history. №1 (96). 2020 https://bulletin-history.kaznu.kz IRSTI 03.29.00 https://doi.org/10.26577/JH.2020.v96.i1.02 O. Karataev Kastamonu University, Turkey, Kastamonu, е-mail: [email protected] TITLE OF THE ANCIENT TURKS: “KAGAN” (QAGAN) AND “ZHABGU” (YABGU) The Turks managed to create a huge empire. Territory – from the Altai mountains in the east to the Black Sea in the west, from the upper Yenisei in the north to the upper Amu Darya in the south. At the beginning of the VI century, the territory of Kazakhstan came under the authority of the Turkic Kaganate. Turkic Kaganate is the first state in Kazakhstan. Its basis was the union of Turkic-speaking tribes, which was headed by the kagan. The state, based on tribal traditions, was based on military-administrative management. It was part of a system of relations with such major states of the time as Iran and Byzan- tium. China was a tributary of the kaganate. The title in many cultures played the role of an important indicator of the international prestige of the state. As is known, only members of the Ashin clan had the sacred right to supreme power in the Turkic Kaganate. Possession of one or another title, occupation of one or another place in the political and state structure of society, depended on many circumstances, the main of which was belonging to a particular tribe in a tribal union, clan in a tribe, etc. Social deter- minants (titles, ranks, positions), as the most significant components of ancient Turkic anthroponomy, contained complete information about the social status of the bearer of a given name, its origin and membership in a particular layer of society, data on its place in the political structure of society and the administrative structure . -
History of the Turkish People
June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ History of the Turkish people Vahid Rashidvash* __________________________________________________________ Abstract The Turkish people also known as "Turks" (Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a first language. In the Republic of Turkey, an early history text provided the definition of being a Turk as "any individual within the Republic of Turkey, whatever his faith who speaks Turkish, grows up with Turkish culture and adopts the Turkish ideal is a Turk." Today the word is primarily used for the inhabitants of Turkey, but may also refer to the members of sizeable Turkish-speaking populations of the former lands of the Ottoman Empire and large Turkish communities which been established in Europe (particularly in Germany, France, and the Netherlands), as well as North America, and Australia. Key words: Turkish people. History. Culture. Language. Genetic. Racial characteristics of Turkish people. * Department of Iranian Studies, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Republic of Armeni. A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 118 June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The Turks (Turkish people), whose name was first used in history in the 6th century by the Chinese, are a society whose language belongs to the Turkic language family (which in turn some classify as a subbranch of Altaic linguistic family. -
De-Persifying Court Culture the Khanate of Khiva’S Translation Program
10 De-Persifying Court Culture The Khanate of Khiva’s Translation Program Marc Toutant Despite the expansion of Turkish-speaking populations and the efforts of several Turko-Mongol dynasties to promote the use of Chaghatai Turkish after the thir- teenth-century era of the Mongol Empire, Persian remained a favored language all over Central Asia in chanceries and belles-lettres till as late as the nineteenth century.1 Only a small proportion of the literature created in Central Asia was in Chaghatai Turkish (hereafter simply called Turkish), and Persian was the ma- jor medium of learned expression in all parts of the region, as Devin DeWeese’s chapter 4 in this volume reminds us. And as Alfrid Bustanov’s chapter 7 shows, even in distant Tatar villages of the Russian Empire, where there were no native speakers of Persian, the classics of Persian ethical literature were widely copied in local madrasas, where some students even tried to compose their own literary works in Persian. Nevertheless, the status of Persian as lingua franca did not remain unchal- lenged in Central Asia. Over the course of the fifteenth century, cultural patronage under the Timurid rulers brought about the composition of numerous Turkish texts in diverse fields of learning. At the court of the last great Timurid ruler, Husayn Bayqara (r. 1469–70, 1470–1506), one of the most important corpora of Central Asian Turkish literature was written by Mir ‘Ali Shir Nawa’i (1441–1501). Albeit largely based on Persian models, the works of Nawa’i can be regarded as an attempt to forge a culture that was specific to his Turkophone audience. -
Siposjános Angol Karacsáj.Indd
János Sipos – Ufuk Tafkul KARACHAY-BALKAR FOLKSONGS János Sipos – Ufuk Tafkul KARACHAY-BALKAR FOLKSONGS Institute for Musicology of the Research Centre for the Humanities of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences – L’Harmattan Budapest, 2015 The fi eldwork lasting 10 years were supported by the Stein-Arnold Exploration Fund of the British Academy (2010), the Mellon Fellowship for Research in Turkey (2005, 2011) and the Hungarian Scientifi c Research Fund (OTKA K-42461, K-67997) The publication of the book was supported by the Hungarian Scientifi c Research Fund (OTKA PUB 113373) Photos made by: János Sipos and Ufuk Tavkul English translation by Judit Pokoly © János Sipos, 2015 © Institute for Musicology of the Research Centre for the Humanities, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2015 © L’Harmattan, 2015 ISBN 978-963-414-083-2 L'Harmattan France 5-7 rue de l'Ecole Polytechnique 75005 Paris T.: 33.1.40.46.79.20 Email: [email protected] L'Harmattan Italia SRL Via Degli Artisti 15 10124 TORINO Tél : (39) 011 817 13 88 / (39) 348 39 89 198 Email: [email protected] L’Harmattan Hungary: L’Harmattan Könyvesbolt Párbeszéd Könyvesbolt 1053 Budapest, Kossuth L. u. 14–16. 1085 Budapest, Horánszky utca 20. Tel.: 267-5979 www.konyveslap.hu [email protected] www.harmattan.hu Editor in chief: Ádám Gyenes Design: Gábor Kardos, cover design: László Kára Printed and bound by Séd Nyomda, general director: Szilvia Katona CONTENTS PREFACE . 7 INTRODUCTION . 7 IN THE WAKE OF THE EASTERN CONNECTIONS OF HUNGARIAN FOLK MUSIC . 11 Report on my fi eldwork series in researching folk music . -
Folksongs of the Turkic World
Journal of Literature and Art Studies, November 2016, Vol. 6, No. 11, 1343-1370 doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2016.11.008 D DAVID PUBLISHING Folksongs of the Turkic World János Sipos Institute for Musicology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary The long-term goal of my research has been to systematize and compare by musical criteria the folk songs of Turkic groups and ethnicities living around them. Here I rarely touch on instrumental folk music, the repertoire of professional or semi-professional performers, the most recent strata, seldom or just occasionally discuss art music and the cultural, social and anthropological implications of music are only sporadically considered, too. There are close connections between the languages of Turkic groups but their musical stocks are fundamentally different. Actually, that is not surprising, because these people are, at least in part, Turkified, and through their substrata (that is people absorbed by them) they are in genetic and cultural relations with several non-Turkic peoples. My research therefore has repercussions; apart from the Turkic-speaking peoples tied by culture, language and history, upon their neighbors and partly absorbed other peoples, creating the foundation for an even broader future comparative ethnomusicological research of Eurasian groups. This paper is aimed to provide a very short summary about the findings of my field researches into the folk music of different Turkic-speaking people between 1987 and 2015. I introduce the sources, the collecting work and the methods of processing and analyzing the songs. I also give an analytical introduction to the folksong of Anatolian Turks, Azeris, Turkmens, Uzbeks (and Tajiks), Karachay-Balkars, Kazakhs, Kyrgyzs, a Sufi Turkish community in Thrace and the area of the Volga-Kama-Belaya region. -
The Phonosemantic Research of Azerbaijani and Turkish in the Aspect of Literary Language and Dialect
International Academy Journal Web of Scholar ISSN 2518-167X THE PHONOSEMANTIC RESEARCH OF AZERBAIJANI AND TURKISH IN THE ASPECT OF LITERARY LANGUAGE AND DIALECT PhD. Teymurlu Z. M. Department of the Azerbaijani Language and Literature Baku Engineering University, Azerbaijan, Baku DOI: https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_wos/28022020/6915 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 14 December 2019 Discovering and categorizing phonetic, morphological and lexical units Accepted: 19 February 2020 related to different languages in any language, studying the factors and Published: 28 February 2020 forms of language connections are still among trending issues nowadays. Special importance has been attached on dialect lexicon of languages, KEYWORDS historical-comparative study of literary language and finding out various language elements in the paper. Some researchers support that as Turkic the Azerbaijani language, peoples have been formed as independent or semi-independent nations the Turkish language, completing ethnosocial differentiation process since the late Middle literary language, Ages, their languages differ from one another to some extent. The dialect, emergence of different Turkic states has led to the appearance of phonosemantics common and various features in the peoples and their languages who experienced public-political differentiation. In this case if the existing analogical features are proof for the closeness of these languages, distinct features are indeed the confirmation of peculiar development direction of each language. The research work provides some vision about common and distinctive features of the Azerbaijani language dialects and the Turkish language. The characteristics of languages’ mutual influence are reflected in language material. Citation: Teymurlu Z. M. (2020) The Phonosemantic Research of Azerbaijani and Turkish in the Aspect of Literary Language and Dialect. -
The Oghuz Turks of Anatolia
THE OGHUZ TURKS OF ANATOLIA İlhan ŞAHİN The migration and settlement of Oghuz groups, who were also known as Turkmens in Anatolia, were closely related with the political and demographic developments in the Great Seljuk Empire. But in order to understand these developments better, it would be reasonable to dwell first a little on the conditions under which the Oghuz groups lived before migrating to Anatolia, and look to the reasons behind their inclination towards Anatolia. The Oghuz groups, who constituted an important part of the Göktürk and Uygur states, lived along the banks of the Sır Darya River and on the steppes lying to the north of this river in the first half of the tenth century1. Those were nomadic people, and they made a living out of stock breeding, so they needed summer pastures and winter quarters on which they had to raise their animals and survive through cold winter days comfortably. In addition to them, there were sedentary Oghuz groups. In those days, the sedentary Oghuz groups were called "yatuk"2 which means lazy. This indicates that leading a nomadic life was more favorable then. Although most of the Oghuz groups led a nomadic life, they did have a certain political and social structure and order. There are various views about the meaning of the word “Oghuz”, and according to dominant one among them, the word means “tribes”, and “union of tribes” or “union of relative tribes”3. So, in other words, the word had organizational and structural connotations in the political and social sense. The Oghuz groups, consisting of a number of different boys or tribes, can be examined in two main groups since the earlier periods in the most classical age of Prof. -
Afghanistan's Ethnic Divides
CIDOB POLICY RESEARCH PROJECT “SOURCES OF TENSION IN AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN: A REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE” AFGHANISTAN’S ETHNIC DIVIDES Abubakar Siddique January 2012 WITH THE SUPPORT OF 1 AFGHANISTAN’S ETHNIC DIVIDES Abubakar Siddique Senior Correspondent covering Afghanistan and Pakistan for RFE/RL's. He has spent the past decade researching and writing about security, political, humanitarian and cultural issues in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Pashtun heartland along the border region where he was born." A Tapestry of Ethnicities Afghanistan’s national anthem recognizes 14 ethnic groups among the country’s 27 million people: Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Balochis, Turkmens, Nooristanis, Pamiris, Arabs, Gujars, Brahuis, Qizilbash, Aimaq and Pashai. Few groups are indigenous to Afghanistan; most of the larger ones have significantly greater populations in neighboring countries. Governing a viable state with these demographics has always been a core challenge. Maintaining harmony among these groups is one of the biggest problems confronting Afghanistan today and a key determinant of whether its future is to be one of peace and reconciliation or conflict and discord. The largest group, the Pashtuns, have many more members in neighbor- ing Pakistan. The Tajiks, Uzbeks and Turkmens are much more numerous in the contiguous Central Asian countries to the north.1 Nevertheless, as a people, Afghans do have a sense of nationhood despite their lack of a uniform national culture. Their shared history together with the country’s unique historical development clearly distinguishes the various ethnic groups living in Afghanistan from those in neighboring countries. But their ties also link Afghans with ethnic conflicts in neighboring countries, particularly Pakistan. -
Soviet Azerbaijan Today: the Problems of Group Identity
NOT FOR CITATION WITHOUT PERMISSION OF AUTHOR #211 SOVIET AZERBAIJAN TODAY: THE PROBLEMS OF GROUP IDENTITY Tadeusz Swietochowski This paper was prepared for and presented at a seminar at the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies on May 6, 1985. Copyright July 1986 by the Wilson Center Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars The following essay was prepared and distributed by the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies as part of its Occasional Paper series. The series aims to extend Kennan Institute Occasional Papers to all those interested in Russian and Soviet studies and to help authors obtain timely feedback on their work. Occasional Papers are written by Kennan Institute scholars and visiting speakers. They are working papers presented at, or resulting from, seminars, colloquia, and conferences held under the auspices of the Kennan Institute. Copies of Occasional Papers and a list of Occasional Papers currently available can be obtained free of charge by writing to: Occasional Papers Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Smithsonian Institution 955 L'Enfant Plaza, Suite 7400 Washington, D.C. 20560 The Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies was established in 1975 as a program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. The Kennan Institute was created to provide a center in Washington, D.C. where advanced research on Russia and the USSR could be pursued by qualified U.S. and foreign scholars, where encouragement and support could be given to the cultivation of Russian and Soviet studies throughout the United States, and where contact could be maintained with similar institutions abroad. -
The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis
THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Written by AYDOGDY KURBANOV PhD thesis submitted to the Department of History and Cultural Studies of the Free University, Berlin 2010 Supervisors: PD Dr. N. Boroffka Prof. Dr. R. Bernbeck Members of Commission: Prof. Dr. S. Hansen Prof. Dr. S. Pollock Dr. H.-J. Nüsse The date of the examination: 12.02.2010 TO MY PARENTS “The information coming from remote countries and foreign languages are subject to corruption and misunderstanding and, moreover, concerning very ancient time. So we do not know what is certain. (Thus) it is impossible to decide (the origin of the Hephthalites)” Wei Jie (7th century AD) C O N T E N T S 1. Introduction 2. Research history and methodic problems 2.1. Research history 2.2. Methodic problems 3. Archaeological sites and materials 4. Numismatics 5. Written sources 6. A history of the Hephthalites 6.1. Origins 6.2. Military history & wars 6.3. Socio-political structure and state 6.4. Linguistics 6.5. Religion 6.6. Change of ethnic identity Literature Illustrations ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have helped me during the work on my PhD thesis. I would like to thank first of all PD Dr. N. Boroffka for enormous help in editing and proofreading the draft version, for his patience and comments, and Prof. R. Bernbeck who helped to bring this work into its current form. I am very grateful to Prof. S. Hansen for his advice and particularly for the conditions of work in the Eurasia Department of the German Archaeological Institute, which offered me good possibilities to finish this thesis. -
A Story of the 1916 Revolt in Central Asia
The Newsletter | No.74 | Summer 2016 32 | The Focus “The Time of Ordeal”: a story of the 1916 revolt in Central Asia and repression. Discussing the 1916 revolt became a dangerous For Central Asian history this year marks the hundredth anniversary of the massive issue in the 1930-40s, till the end of Stalin’s rule (1922-1952). In 1953-54 historians of Soviet Central Asian republics and 1 revolt in Turkestan and the Steppe Regions (Krais), which cost thousands of lives. Kazakhstan, together with their colleagues from Moscow and Leningrad, held a series of conferences – in Frunze, Ashkhabad, It consisted of a series of local manifestations and armed attacks against the Russian and Tashkent – giving special attention to the issue of assessing the 1916 revolt. International contexts featuring decoloniza- administration and settlers, whose pressure had been becoming particularly tion processes all over the world revealed certain similarities between this revolt and anti-colonial movements abroad. harsh during World War I. In an attempt to escape the massacre several Kazakh The 1916 revolt was characterized as a progressive liberation movement. This formula, which was preserved in the historical and Kyrgyz clans fled as far away as China. discourse until the end of the Soviet period, was explained in detail in the foreword to a special volume on the 1916 revolt, Zifa Auezova published by the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1960.6 The volume contains a rich collection of reports, correspondence, and protocols provided by Russian officials and still serves as a main reference volume on the 1916 events in post-Soviet states. -
Afghanistan - Uzbeks and Turkmens
Afghanistan - Uzbeks and Turkmens minorityrights.org/minorities/uzbeks-and-turkmens/ June 19, 2015 Profile Together accounting for 3.8 million people or about 12 per cent of the total Afghan population (CIA World Factbook 2011), both Uzbeks and Turkmen live in the northern part of Afghanistan. In origin, Turkmen, also called Turcoman, Turkman or Turkomen, come from the Turkic- speaking tribes that emerged from Oghuz Khan, back in the seventh and eight centuries. Turkmen are Sunni Muslim of Hanafi tradition and are closely related to the people of modern Turkey to the wWest, and identical to the majority Muslim population of their Central Asian kin state across the border to the north. Originally a purely tribal society, they have, in the more recent years adopted a semi-nomadic lifestyle. Uzbeks come from the Altaic and are also a Turkic-speaking ethnic group. They are believed to have emerged in Central Asia in the third century B.C. and are possible descendants of Genghis Khan. They indicate Turkic Mongoloid ancestry and have a degree of an ethnic relationship with the Iranian people. The Uzbeks are, in vast majority, Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi tradition, which reflects a primarily cultural rather than religious identity. Their language is Uzbek and although it is their own Turkish dialect, it is closely related to the one spoken in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, in China. Uzbeks and Turkmen have a tribal identity that still largely defines the structures within their respective societies and this is reflected both in their social as well as political life.