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Qualitative Study A PROJECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE I JUST WANT SOMEONE TO RESPOND TO MY EMAIL”: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON UNDECIDED VOTERS’ VIEWS AND EXPERIENCE WITH LOCAL AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN NORTH MACEDONIA I JUST WANT SOMEONE TO RESPOND TO MY EMAIL”: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON UNDECIDED VOTERS’ VIEWS AND EXPERIENCE WITH LOCAL AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN NORTH MACEDONIA Center for Insights in Survey Research IRI.org @IRIglobal © 2021 All Rights Reserved “I JUST WANT SOMEONE TO RESPOND TO MY EMAIL”: Qualitative research on undecided voters’ views and experience with local and national governments in North Macedonia Copyright © 2021 International Republican Institute. All rights reserved. Permission Statement: No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without the written permission of the International Republican Institute. Requests for permission should include the following information: • The title of the document for which permission to copy material is desired. • A description of the material for which permission to copy is desired. • The purpose for which the copied material will be used and the manner in which it will be used. • Your name, title, company or organization name, telephone number, fax number, e-mail address and mailing address. Please send all requests for permission to: Attn: Department of External Affairs International Republican Institute 1225 Eye Street NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20005 [email protected] IRI | North Macedonia – Focus Group Research on Local and National Governments 1 IRI IN NORTH MACEDONIA A nonprofit, nonpartisan organization founded in 1983, parties, transparency, and accountability. For over two the International Republican Institute (IRI) advances decades, IRI has conducted quantitative and qualitative freedom and democracy worldwide by developing public opinion research in North Macedonia to help political parties, civic institutions, open elections, political parties and the government gain in-depth democratic governance, and the rule of law. IRI has objective data about citizens’ needs and attitudes. supported North Macedonia’s democratic development since the 1990s through programs that empower good governance, responsive and policy-driven political EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Approach — In the spring of 2021, IRI designed and — IRI uses FGDs to complement its public opinion commissioned qualitative research in North surveys and to understand how and why citizens Macedonia to better understand citizens’ views of hold their perceptions and beliefs. The focus of their local and national government ahead of the this particular study was on the specific issues and October 2021 local elections.1 challenges in participants’ municipalities, the work and behavior of their mayor, the municipal council — This report is based on 21 online focus group and the municipal administration, the work of the discussions (FGDs) held in 18 municipalities, i.e. government and the opposition, the country’s three municipalities in each of North Macedonia’s direction, and the EU integration process. The FGDs six electoral units. The FGDs were conducted with conducted in municipalities that are part of the undecided voters from various segments of the City of Skopje included a discussion on the issues population. The participant selection process was specific to the city: the work and behavior of the controlled for geographic area (urban or rural), mayor of Skopje and the performance of the city gender, and ethnic background. The selection council and municipal administration. screening of prospective participants ensured that the participants were undecided voters and eligible — While findings from these focus groups do not to vote in the upcoming local elections. represent the opinions of all undecided voters in North Macedonia, they do provide a snapshot of — The focus groups were conducted in two languages the participants’ views on the work of the local and - 16 were conducted in Macedonian and 5 in national government ahead of the October 2021 Albanian. The groups also included representatives local elections. from other ethnic minorities. 1 This focus group research was conducted with support from the National Endowment for Democracy. IRI | North Macedonia – Focus Group Research on Local and National Governments 2 Main findings — Finding 1: Damaged infrastructure, poor public hygiene, and urban density are identified as the main problems at the local level. In most rural areas, basic needs such as access to clean water are not provided. — Finding 2: Participants find unresponsive, uncommunicative, and inaccessible mayors to be weak and unsatisfactory mayors who should not be re-nominated. There is a clear distinction in the satisfaction with mayors who have delivered visible change and those who have not. — Finding 3: The municipal councils, which are elected bodies, are unknown to the citizens they should serve and do not fulfill their representative role. Map of North Macedonia with locations of municipalities where the focus groups were conducted. — Finding 4: Participants view the municipal administration as mostly overstaffed, incompetent, and inefficient. Lacking regular service delivery by Key takeaways their local government, citizens often use informal The FGDs suggest that undecided voters: contacts to obtain a local government service. — Finding 5: Civic participation in local government — Are generally dissatisfied with the direction their is very low or non-existent. In most cases, when municipalities and the country are heading; citizens initiate or get involved in local government, — Have split opinions on the performance and their attempts are unsuccessful, and the local behavior of the local government in their government is discouraging citizens’ engagement. municipalities, largely determined by the — Finding 6: In Skopje, urban density, construction mayor’s accessibility to citizens and delivery expansion, air pollution, and infrastructural of improvements for the municipality. At the problems burden the capital. Participants have central level, voters are disappointed by both the divided opinions on mayor Petre Shilegov and the performance and behavior of the government and work of the local government. the opposition; — Finding 7: Key expectations of the national — Lack knowledge about the work of the local government are enforcing and adhering to the laws, government, particularly the work of the municipal eliminating corruption, and increasing the quality of council. There is not only a dearth of information on services in healthcare, education, and the judiciary. how to participate in local government but also an impression that the local government discourages — Finding 8: Most of the ethnic Macedonian participation. Participants also do not have good participants perceive the opposition VMRO-DPMNE understanding of the division of competences and as ready to be reformed, whereas the ethnic areas of responsibility between different levels Albanian participants are split on the coalition of the of government (national, local, and Skopje city Alliance for Albanians and Alternative. government); — Finding 9: The participants support EU accession — Feel their voice is not heard by those in power, and but not at a cost of renouncing their national that political leaders work for their own benefit identity. rather than that of their citizens; IRI | North Macedonia – Focus Group Research on Local and National Governments 3 — Are dissatisfied with the performance of the — Ensure that citizens’ basic needs in both rural and national government and the direction the urban municipalities are met, such as a consistent country is heading; however, they do not view clean water supply and an effective sewage system; the opposition as capable of winning the next — Institute easy-to-use institutional channels for election or, if it did, of better leadership. They see citizen participation in local governance and NATO membership as a positive development and encourage citizens’ participation; recognize the benefits of EU integration, but they are skeptical that either is possible to achieve and — In Skopje municipalities, along with the City of do not want them at the cost of renouncing their Skopje, create and publish an easy-to-use map that national identity. depicts which areas are under the competence of the City of Skopje and which are under the Recommendations competence of the Skopje municipalities; For mayors/local government — Develop policies targeting all settlements and inhabitants of the municipality equally; Behavioral recommendations — Secure continuity and completion of initiated activities and policies, no matter which party is in — Be accessible to citizens, listen to their problems, power at the local level; address their needs, be responsive, ensure other — Ensure the municipal council and the municipal local government bodies are responsive when administration provide good services to citizens and approached by citizens; behave politely, kindly, and supportively; — Be respectful; — Establish staff training on development, — Ensure that the problems and needs of all citizens implementation and evaluation of policies that are treated equally, regardless of their ethnicity or will strengthen the municipal administration, party affiliation; transforming it into an efficient service hub for citizens. — Visit local communities, get to know the
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