Narrativa Transmídia E a Criação De Um Universo Imersivo Na Carreira De Lady Gaga

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Narrativa Transmídia E a Criação De Um Universo Imersivo Na Carreira De Lady Gaga Universidade Federal do Ceará Instituto de Cultura e Arte Curso de Jornalismo Narrativa Transmídia e a Criação de um Universo Imersivo na Carreira de Lady Gaga Victor Torres de Mello Teani Comenho Fortaleza 2016 VICTOR TORRES DE MELLO TEANI COMENHO Narrativa Transmídia e a Criação de um Universo Imersivo na Carreira de Lady Gaga Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Comunicação Social da Universidade Federal do Ceará como requisito para a obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Comunicação Social - Jornalismo, sob a orientação do Prof. José Riverson Araújo Cysne Rios. Fortaleza 2016 3 4 5 DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho a todos aqueles que conhecem os revezes e as dificuldades da pesquisa, e ainda assim continuam, convictos, a construir conhecimento, uma página de cada vez. 6 AGRADECIMENTOS Muitas pessoas contribuíram, de uma ou outra maneira, para que este trabalho chegasse, en- fim, a ser concluído. Em primeiro lugar, ficam os mais sinceros agradecimentos ao meu orientador, Riverson Rios, que esteve sempre presente, sempre disposto, oferecendo os mais valiosos conselhos não ape- nas para a produção desta monografia, mas também para a vida. Agradeço também a Helena Martins, que foi a primeira professora a ouvir o tema deste traba- lho, e que me incentivou e deu dicas valiosas, das quais me lembrei até a última página desta monografia. A Gisa Carvalho, amiga e professora, que mesmo de longe mandava lembranças e apoio, e que também contribuiu muito para minha formação acadêmica. A Júlia Miranda, que ministrou a cadeira de Pesquisa em Comunicação e que foi de funda- mental importância para que este trabalho ganhasse forma. A Carolina Areal, pelos incentivos e pela compreensão, e por todo o bom astral e positividade que lhe são naturais e contagiam com facilidade. À banca examinadora, pela prontidão em aceitar examinar este trabalho, e por serem sempre solícitos. A Naiana Rodrigues, agradeço especialmente por ter me apresentado A Cultura da Convergência, de Henry Jenkins, ainda no meu primeiro semestre no curso de Jornalismo. Foi essa leitura que, desde então, orientou meu rumo na graduação e fez este estudo nascer. À minha família, por sempre me incentivarem, e me lembrarem de não desistir, mesmo nos momentos de maior cansaço. À minha mãe, especialmente, por sempre me lembrar como é prazeroso escrever. Ao meu namorado, Italo Sousa, por entender como é conturbado o último semestre de gradu- ação, e por dar todo o apoio possível para que eu concluísse, com êxito, esta monografia. A Clara de Castro, Claryce Oliveira, Átala Souza, Thamiris Treigher, Maggie Paiva e Lucas Ribeiro, Crisneive Silveira e Thiago Matos que, além do constante apoio, tornaram mais leve e muito mais agradável a jornada universitária. Por todos os momentos que dividimos, e espe- ro que continuemos a dividir, ficam os mais apertados abraços. Que fiquem também registrados os agradecimentos a Oscar Luz e Vanderley Veras, os Little Monsters que me vibraram junto comigo quando souberam a escolha do tema deste trabalho, e que nunca me deixavam esquecer o porquê dessa decisão. A Daniela Barros, Aline Romy, Arusha Holanda e Maria Helena Carneiro, que mesmo de lon- ge, vivem e compartilham comigo cada momento. A vocês, todos os agradecimentos, sempre. 7 RESUMO Em um período de convergência midiática, em que estamos cada vez mais tempo expostos a conteúdos mediados, consideramos de grande relevância o estudo das estratégias de desenvolvimento de narrativas transmídia – que é o desenvolvimento de narrativas por diversas mídias de maneira a evitar a redundância de conteúdo em cada meio – visando não apenas a compreensão conceitual, mas também os desdobramentos sociais trazidos à tona por essas modalidades de construção narrativa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como a narrativa transmídia pode afetar as dinâmicas interacionais entre celebridades e seus fãs. Para isso, analisamos a figura da cantora pop e artista norte- americana Lady Gaga, que começou sua carreira em 2008 e se tornou famosa por suas atitudes polêmicas e iniciativas de militância em causas sociais. Visto que as carreiras de celebridades estão em grande parte ligadas à constante exposição de sua imagem, indagamos se a narrativa transmídia pode de alguma maneira afetá-las positivamente. Exploramos a questão da construção identitária por parte das celebridades e como a exposição aos seus discursos pode influenciar a identidade dos próprios fãs. Procuramos compreender como a narrativa transmídia pode ser usada para não apenas propagar o discurso de Lady Gaga, mas para agregar valor à sua produção criando um contexto maior que ajuda a interpretar suas produções a partir de um dado repertório cultural. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica, somada a esforços de observação participante (tendo como ambiente a plataforma LittleMonsters.com) e de auditoria da imagem de Lady Gaga na mídia. Consideramos a importância do ciberespaço e dos sites de redes sociais da internet na construção de uma narrativa transmídia e de um universo imersivo que proporcione uma maior fidelidade da atenção dos fãs. Chegamos à conclusão de que Lady Gaga cria laços de identificação e afetividade com seus fãs através da propagação de valores que giram em torno da aceitação e superação de preconceitos, não separando sua carreira artística de suas ações de militância. Palavras- chave: transmídia; Lady Gaga; fandom; redes sociais; cultura pop 8 ABSTRACT On a media convergence period, when we are more and more exposed to media contents, we regard that is very important the study of skills for development of transmedia storytelling – wich is the development of a narrative designed for many medias, avoiding the redundancy of content on each one –, not only aiming conceptual comprehension, but social development which these models of narrative construction. This dissertation aims to comprehend how transmedia storytelling is able to affect the interactional dynamics between celebrities and their fans. We analyzed the iconic pop singer and north American artist Lady Gaga, who started her career in 2008 and became famous for her polemic attitudes and her militancy on social causes. As many celebrities’ careers are connected to a constant exposition of their image, we wondered if the transmedia storytelling can affect their careers positively in some ways. We explored how celebrities improve their identities and how what their discourses can affect their fans. We have been trying to understand how transmedia storytelling is able to propagate not only Lady Gaga’s speech, but adding value and expanding her work which is helpful for her presentations from her cultural repertoire. The methodology used in this present work consists of bibliographic research, adding efforts to participant observance (on Littlemonsters.com) and an audit of her image on media. We regard the importance of cyberspace and social media sites on internet for constructing a transmedia storytelling and a deep universe which will be able to offer a larger and better attention for fans. We concluded that Lady Gaga create affective and emotional influences with her fans through transmitting values about self-acceptance and overcome prejudice, working on her career and her militancy social causes/issues at the same time. Keywords: transmedia; Lady Gaga, fandom; social networks; pop culture 9 Sumário RESUMO.................................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 8 Lista de Figuras ........................................................................................................................ 11 Lista de Tabelas ........................................................................................................................ 13 1 INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................................... 14 2 AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE FÃS E ARTISTAS ...................................................................... 17 2.1 Os olimpianos ................................................................................................................. 17 2.2 Formas de interação ........................................................................................................ 19 2.3 A identidade do fã ........................................................................................................... 22 2.3.1 As questões culturais e gradações do fanatismo ......................................................... 23 2.3.2 Quem são os fãs do século XXI? ................................................................................ 25 2.3.2.1 A internet e a participação.................................................................................... 26 2.3.2.2 Os fãs como indivíduos sociais............................................................................ 28 2.4 Impactos na formação do self ......................................................................................... 33 2.5 Lady Gaga e os Little Monsters ...................................................................................... 36 2.5.1 Valores compartilhados ............................................................................................ 38 2.5.1.1 Ativismo e causas sociais......................................................................... 38 2.5.1.2 Celebração
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