SFG2682 V2
Public Disclosure Authorized
DENIZLI MUNICIPALITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM REHABILITATION AND SEWER SYSTEM PROJECTS
Public Disclosure Authorized
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
September 2008
Prepared by:
Prof. Dr. M. Necdet Alpaslan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz Dolgen Dr. Hulya Boyacioglu Dr. Hasan Sarptas
DENIZLI MUNICIPALITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM REHABILITATION AND SEWER SYSTEM PROJECTS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. GENERAL ...... 1 1.2. PROJECT DEMAND ...... 1 1.3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT ...... 2 1.4. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT ...... 3 1.5. SCOPE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 4
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA ...... 5 2.1. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION ...... 5 2.2. TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY ...... 6 2.3. GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY ...... 8 2.4. SOIL PATTERN ...... 9 2.5. LANDUSE AND LAND COVER ...... 9 2.6. CLIMATE ...... 10 2.7. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES ...... 10 2.8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES ...... 11 2.9. PROTECTED AREAS ...... 11
3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 14 3.1. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM REHABILITATION PROJECTS ...... 14 3.1.1. Pre-existing Projects ...... 14 3.1.2. Alter Project ...... 14 3.1.3. Sedes Project ...... 15 3.1.4. Final Feasibility Report of Denizli Water Supply System Rehabilitation Project ...... 16 3.1.5. Prevailing Conditions ...... 18 3.2. SEWER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT ...... 21 3.3. STORMWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ...... 25
4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 27 4.1. IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN ...... 27 4.2. MONITORING PLAN ...... 28
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP i 5. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE ...... 49 5.1. GENERAL ...... 49 5.2. EXISTING ADMINISTRATIVE (INSTITUTIONAL) STRUCTURE...... 49 5.3. PROPOSED INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN THE SCOPE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...... 50
6. PUBLIC AWARENESS MEETING ...... 52
REFERENCES ...... 65
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP ii LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Agricultural land uses ...... 10 Table 2.2 Population change in Denizli (1927-2000) ...... 11 Table 2.3 Population of districts of Denizli as of 1990 and 2000 ...... 11 Table 3.1 Planned and completed investments within the scope of Denizli Sewer System Projects approved in 1986 and 2001...... 23 Table 3.2 Location and characteristics of existing stormwater drainage system of Denizli ...... 25 Table 4.1 Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 31 Table 4.2 Monitoring Plan ...... 42 Table 6.1 Associations, chambers and institutions invited to the public awareness meeting ...... 52
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 View of the Denizli City and the project area ...... 3 Figure 2.1 Location of Denizli (a) in Turkey (b) in Aegean Region ...... 5 Figure 2.2 Districts and neighborhood provinces of Denizli ...... 6 Figure 2.3 Topographical map of Denizli (Digital elevation map) ...... 7 Figure 2.4 Active faults of Denizli ...... 8 Figure 2.5 Denizli province map ...... 13 Figure 3.1 Water budget as of year 2008 ...... 17 Figure 3.2 General lay out of the water supply system that will be renewed by WB credit...... 19 Figure 3.3 Total amount of water abstracted from Derindere Spring ...... 20 Figure 3.4 Total amount of water abstracted from Gokpinar Spring ...... 20 Figure 3.5 Schematic representation (main collectors) of wastewater system in Denizli ...... 22 Figure 3.6 General lay out of the wastewater collection system that will be renewed by WB credit ..24 Figure 3.7 General lay out of the storm water drainage system that will be constructed by WB credit26 Figure 4.1a Potential impacts and issues considered in the mitigation plan for construction stage .....29 Figure 4.1b Potential impacts and issues considered in the mitigation plan for operation stage ...... 30 Figure 6.1 Public awareness meeting announcement (Poster) ...... 54 Figure 6.2 Public awareness meeting announcement at Denizli Municipality official web site ...... 54 Figure 6.3 Public awareness meeting announcement at local press ...... 56 Figure 6.4 List of participants ...... 57 Figure 6.5 Photographs from the public awareness meeting,...... 59 Figure 6.6 News about the public awareness meeting at Denizli Municipality official web site ...... 59 Figure 6.7 News about public awareness meeting at local press ...... 64
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP iii 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. GENERAL
This report was prepared in accordance with the agreement signed between Denizli Municipality and Egebiyoteknoloji Inc. within the scope of “Denizli Municipality; Municipality Services Project: Environmental Assessment Consultancy Services for Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects”. In the report, background information on water supply system rehabilitation and sewer system projects (including stormwater), description of the project area, impact mitigation and monitoring plans, assessments on the institutional structure of Denizli Municipality that is responsible from the execution of the project and the minutes of the public awareness meeting are presented in separate sections.
1.2. PROJECT DEMAND
Denizli is situated in Aegean Region of Turkey and covers an area of approximately 11,868 km2. The city stands out with tourism and industry. Based on the 2000 census results, the population of the province is 275,480 as reported by Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). Being a rapidly growing city, Denizli experiences problems with regards to its infrastructural systems about which, several investment activities have been initiated where Denizli Municipality is being considered to be the major beneficiary. The first one of these issues is the general deficiency of the water supply system and the associated water losses. According to the “Final Feasibility Report” prepared in June 2005 by KAYA (KAYA Consulting and Engineering Inc.) - SNS (SNS Consulting and Engineering Inc.) Joint Venture, the total amount of water supplied to the system in 2003 was 23,849,688 m3/year of which, only 14,815,114 m3/year (app. 62%) was legally consumed and the remaining 9,034,574 m3/year (app. 38%) was reported as “water losses”. It was further reported that 438,320 m3/year (app. 2%) of these losses were due to illegal consumption, incorrect measurement and defective water meters, which are typically difficult to prevent. However, the remaining 8,596,254 m3/year of these losses (app. 36% of total water supplied to the city) are physical losses that could be minimized by the rehabilitation of the infrastructure. On the other hand, it was pointed out in the “Technical Assessment Report of the Denizli Water Supply System Feasibility Works” dated February 2005 that a major portion of the water supply system would need to be renewed as well as the capacity and the service area of the existing infrastructure would need to be increased since the current water supply network was old and inadequate, could no longer satisfy the demand both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the system experienced frequent failures resulting in a decline in water and service quality further resulting in difficulties in providing a satisfactory service to the existing and future customers. Originating from these necessities, the Denizli Water Supply Rehabilitation project has been initiated.
On the other hand, the city of Denizli also experiences problems with regards to its insufficient sewer and stormwater system. The attempts on the construction of a sewer system in Denizli (Center) have been initiated in 1980’s, and several tasks were completed till now. Among these tasks, which were mainly executed under the control of the Bank of Provinces, the construction of 105,279 m network and 2,400 m main collector has been completed as of 1990. In addition, another project [Denizli – Center, Bagirsak (Gokpinar) Creek watershed sewerage system implementation project] has been prepared in 2001 to collect the wastewaters originating from the protection area of the Gokpinar Reservoir that was allocated for drinking water supply to Denizli. Furthermore, another sewer system project (Bagirsak Creek and Bozburun Region sewer system project) was prepared to provide the sewer system requirements of the new municipalities and villages, which joined Denizli Municipality
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 1 jurisdiction in accordance with the Resolution on the “Determination of the Border” published in the Official Gazette dated 12 August 2006. Within the scope of this project tendered in February 2006, suitable areas (with regards to elevation and location) are connected to the existing sewer network. In the meanwhile, Denizli Municipality has modified the Bagirsak Creek collector project and connected 70% of this line to 1600 mm diameter Ellez Collector in order to protect the environment from further damage. Thus, wastewaters that were previously discharged to the receiving environment without any treatment have been redirected to the existing Eskihisar Wastewater Treatment Plant. This modification was an important decision of the municipality for environmental protection. Despite these efforts, the majority of the sewer lines that currently serve to collect the wastewaters of Denizli city center are old and don’t operate properly. In addition the existing lines serve as combined system, because there are many illegal connections to the sewer line from the roofs and thus during the storm, the capacity is exceeded. Therefore the system needs to be rehabilitated and separated.
Finally, stormwater is another problem that affects the quality of life and the traffic in the city center. Although a stormwater collection network exists in the city center, this system is old and under- capacity. In addition, as noted above, most of the sewerage system is also used for storm water. Thus, a new stormwater drainage system is required particularly for the city center to drain the storm separately.
Consequently, Denizli Municipality, as the major beneficiary, has initiated a number of infrastructure projects related to the rehabilitation of the water supply system and the completion of the deficiencies of the wastewater collection and stormwater drainage system. Tendering and implementation of these projects are important requirements to be fulfilled in the shortest time frame possible.
1.3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
A total of 30 Million Euro credit has been obtained from the World Bank (WB) to satisfy the requirements mentioned in the previous section. Of this total, 10 Million Euro will be spent on rehabilitation of the water supply system and the remaining 20 Million Euro will be used for the sewerage and stormwater system. The highlights of the project works that will be implemented with the WB credit are as follows:
1. The water supply network of about 1500 ha area corresponding to the city center of the Denizli metropolitan area will be renewed (see Fig. 1.1). The aim of this project is to minimize the water losses and to solve problems mentioned above by constructing the necessary water supply infrastructure and by effectively operating the water supply system. To achieve this objective, rehabilitation and replacement works will be carried out on the system. 2. The wastewater collection system will be renewed in the area that roughly corresponds to the same locality where the water supply network rehabilitation is to be conducted as discussed above (see Fig. 1.1). The sewer system project that is prepared for this purpose is aimed to dispose the wastewaters of the city of Denizli in a controlled manner without causing any environmental problems. Accordingly, the project is comprised of the construction and operation of sewer network that is composed of secondary lines. 3. The last project that will be implemented in the center of Denizli (project boundaries given in Fig.1.1) under the WB credit is the stormwater drainage system. Presently, the city has inadequate stormwater drainage system and the project aims proper handling of stormwater without causing detrimental effects on settlements, roads etc. In addition, this project will enable to collect wastewater and storm water separately.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 2
Figure 1.1 View of the Denizli City and the project area
1.4. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
The following benefits are expected to occur when the planned tasks of the project are completed.
According to the report, Technical Evaluation of the Water Supply Network Feasibility Studies, (dated 2005 and prepared by Erim Construction Company) water losses will be decreased from 50-60% to around 20%, and thus, water savings will be achieved,
Water supply system will be increased from 1110 km to 2833 km. Drinking water quality will improve as a result of less infiltration to the network. Since the new and replaced pipes (ductile iron pipe) are less permeable than the originals (old - steel and AC), there will be less infiltration
Operation of the water distribution system will become easier and systematic, and thus, costs associated with overuse of water and expenses caused by an aging network will be reduced
Denizli (Center) will have a new wastewater collection system that serves better collection and transport of wastewater. This will be a “separate system” and the storm water will not be allowed to connect.
Proper collection of stormwater will reduce flooding risks and also prevent damage. It will facilitate separate collection of storm water and wastewater.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 3 1.5. SCOPE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
There are several infrastructure projects (Water Supply, Wastewater Collection and Storm Water Drainage in Denizli that have been completed in the past, is being constructed as of today and will be conducted in the future. These projects include the construction of reservoirs, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants. However this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) report only considers the renewal of the pipe networks belonging to the water supply, wastewater collection and stormwater drainage systems within the regions shown in Fig. 1.1. Other parts of the Denizli Water Supply and Sewerage Project including the pumping station, wastewater treatment plant, main collectors and the chlorination unit are not within the scope of the WB-funded projects. Thus, the environmental impacts and the associated mitigation measures of only the pipe renewal works for the above-mentioned area are discussed. Nevertheless, in the operation phase of the water supply system, impact mitigation and monitoring works associated with pumping and chlorination operations are included in this EMP report for completeness purposes.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 4 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA
2.1. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Denizli is a city of industry and tourism that is situated in southwestern part of the Aegean Region of Turkey. It is bordered by Afyon and Burdur to the east, Aydin and Manisa to the west, Usak to the north and Mugla to the south. The province lies between 37° 12’ – 38° 12’ N latitudes and 28° 30’ – 29° 30’E longitudes. The location map of Denizli in Turkey and in the Aegean Region is given in Fig. 2.1.
(a)
(b)
Figure 2.1. Location of Denizli (a) in Turkey (b) in Aegean Region
Geographically, the city covers an area of approximately 11,868 km2 and is located on the northern foothills of Akdag. It lies on a plateau which is drained by Aksu Creek, a tributary of Buyuk Menderes River.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 5 Administratively, the province of Denizli is divided into 18 districts: Acipayam, Akkoy, Babadag, Baklan, Bekilli, Beyagac, Bozkurt, Buldan, Cal, Cameli, Cardak, Civril, Guney, Honaz, Kale, Saraykoy, Serinhisar and Tavas (see Fig. 2.2).
Figure 2.2. Districts and neighborhood provinces of Denizli
2.2. TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY
About 28-30% of the total land area of the province of Denizli is covered by plains, 25% by plateaus and highlands and 47% by mountains. The lowest and highest points of the region are Saraykoy and Cameli with elevations of 170 m and 1350 m above mean sea level, respectively. The elevation of the city center is 350 m. The digital elevation model showing the topographic structure of the province is given in Fig. 2.3.
The topographic and geomorphologic structure of the province is analyzed in three major categories: (i) plains, (ii) plateaus, and (iii) mountains and valleys.
The plains of Denizli province are grouped into two categories as lowland and highland plains with average elevations of 200 m and 900 m, respectively. The plains of the province are accessible from east to the west in the form of successive steps, the lowest point of which is the Buyuk Menderes
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 6 Plain. The first step is the Dazkiri and Cardak highland plains that are located at the Afyon border and the Civril and Baklan highlands in the northern parts of the province. The next step is the Kaklik plain followed by Boceli plain. Saraykoy plain follows Boceli, which is finally followed by the Buyuk Menderes Plain that serves as a gateway to the province of Aydin.
Figure 2.3. Topographical map of Denizli (Digital elevation map)
Major plateaus of the province could be named as: Karayayla and Cameli plateaus in the district of Kale; Bagbasi and Uzunpinar plateaus in Denizli Central District; Yoran and Sahman plateaus in the district of Tavas; Eseler plateau in the district of Acipayam; Suleymaniye plateau in the district of Buldan; Homa plateau in the district of Civril and Kuyucak plateau in the district of Cal. In addition to these major plateaus, numerous others with smaller sizes are also present within the provincial boundaries.
Mount Honaz with an altitude of 2,571 m is the highest point of the province and the entire Aegean Region. Other mountains of the province could be named as: Akdag (2,449 m), Bozdag (2,421 m), Babadag (2,308 m), Eseler (2,254 m), Kizilhisar (2,241 m), Bulkaz (1,990 m), Buyukcokelez (1,840 m),
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 7 Elmadag (1,805 m), Besparmak (1,307 m) and Sazak (1,145 m). Finally, Buyuk Menderes and Curuksu valleys are the most fertile areas of the province. These valleys cover a large area extending from the districts of Saraykoy, Buldan and Akkoy towards Boceli and Goncali villages of the central district as well as the town of Pamukkale.
2.3. GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY
The land characteristic of the Province of Denizli is from the fourth period and is mainly composed of metamorphic rocks and sedimentary alluviums. The geological periods of land structure are complex. The soils of the province are mostly from the Neogene Age. Clayey-silty sandstone, claystone, sandy siltstone, silty-sandy gravelstone and gravelstone are the Neogene-aged deposits in the province. Clay-silt-sand-gravel unit, silt unit, sand-silt-clay unit and organic clay-silt unit are among the Quaternary-aged sediments in the province. The fan sediments are characterized by clay-silt-sand- gravel unit, sandy gravel unit and pebbly gravel unit.
Denizli is at the intersection point of Gediz, Buyuk Menderes and Curuksu grabens. In particular, the fault lines that form these grabens intersect around Denizli and Saraykoy. Since projected area is located within the first-degree earthquake zone (see Figure 2.4) preferably earthquake resistant pipe- “ductile iron pipe” was used for the water supply system rehabilitation project. According to the Turkish Regulation on Disaster Management for Infrastructure Systems, materials used in the pipeline in disaster sensitive areas should be made of flexible material which resists earth movements; and pipe joints should be resistant to breaking and rupturing; and should be made of corrosion resistant material. In addition; pipe joints should have either gasket or fusion weld.
Those specifications (that Iller Bankası – Province Bank accepts) have been considered in the pipe material selection process. Thus ductile iron pipe and fittings with joints that have expansion and deflection capabilities have been specified in the project design.
Figure 2.4. Active faults of Denizli
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 8 2.4. SOIL PATTERN
The large soil groups observed in Denizli province and their sizes are given as follows: Alluvial soils- 75,692 ha Red yellow padzolic soils- 29,107 ha Colluvial soils- 134,457 ha Non-calcareous brown forest soils Rendzina soils- 113,052 ha Brown forest soils- 318,896 ha Red brown Mediterranean soils- 234,748 ha Red Mediterranean soils- 38,055 ha Non-calcareous brown soils- 40,430 ha
The residential area of Denizli is situated over Rendzina and Colluvial soils. In the hilly region between Honaz, Eskihisar and Kumkisik, soil class is generally VI-VIII. These are calcareous dolomite and marn soils with a natural cover of brush and weed. In the irrigated areas, land uses are primarily vineyards, gardens where as in non-irrigated areas, land uses are mainly grain. Pastures and scrub areas are also present in regions where agriculture is not practiced.
Colluvial soils that spans through the Kayhan-Hacieyuplu band is mainly Class II soils. In recent years, the city of Denizli has developed towards these soils located to the west of the city. The same type soils also extend as a band through Eskihisar-Akkonak to the west. Both sides of Curuksu Creek have alluvial soils suitable for irrigated farming that are predominantly Class II soils. Non-calcareous brown soils are observed in Sirinkoy-Goveclik-Kayakoy triangle located in western part of the province. Partly brush, meadow lands also exist in the region.
Rendzina soils also extend from Hacieyuplu towards northwest direction. On the other hand, the highly sloping mountainous area located to the south are composed of Class VII red brown Mediterranean soils. Agricultural fields in the region have salinity problems and are under the risk of water and wind erosion. Thus, factors such as soil class, agricultural and irrigational areas must be considered as particularly important data layers for environmental planning in Denizli, particularly in urban residential planning decisions.
Economy of the region depends mainly on agricultural products and industrial plants. Food demands of the growing population are met by local agricultural production. Therefore, highly productive agricultural lands must not be subject to urban development. Consequently, new urban areas must be developed on geologically suitable areas that are not appropriate for agriculture.
2.5. LANDUSE AND LAND COVER
The total surface area of the province of Denizli is 1,186,800 ha. Of this total, 31.8% is agricultural land (376,738 ha), 4.9% is pasture land (58,316 ha), 44% is forest land (521,959 ha) and 19.4% is residential areas (229,787).
Details on agricultural landuses are presented in Table 2.1.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 9 Table 2.1 Agricultural land uses Agricultural lands Area (ha) Distribution (%)
Agricultural field 376,738 31.7 Vineyards 39,806 3.4 Orchard 521,959 44.0 Horticultural land 248,297 20.9 Olive trees 376,738 31.7 Total 1,186,800 100.0
2.6. CLIMATE
Since Denizli Province is situated on a transition zone between Mediterranean, Aegean and Central Anatolia regions, its climate represents similar characteristics. In general, the province has the climatic features of the Aegean Region and the southern portions of Central Anatolian Region. The districts of Cameli, Beyagac and Kale demonstrate the characteristics of Mediterranean climate; Saraykoy, Buldan (partly) and Curuksu Valley of the central district represent characteristics of the Aegean climate and the remaining districts demonstrate the characteristics of Central Anatolian climate.
The climate of the province is slightly harder than the typical Aegean climate. Summer temperatures could go as high as 42°C, where as the winter temperatures could decrease to -15°C. The average summer temperature is 25–30°C and the average winter temperature is 4–8°C. The monthly average temperature is above 10°C during more than at least 9 months of the year. Based on 17 years of data, average temperature in the province is 15.8°C.
Mean annual total precipitation is 547 mm. This value was recorded as 510.6 mm in the year 2006. About 70% of the total annual precipitation is observed in October-March period. The region demonstrates typical characteristics of the Aegean climate and has a maximum recorded snowfall depth of 3 cm. Dominant wind direction shows seasonal variability. Wind blows from southwest direction in March and April; from northwest during May-November period; and from southwest during December-March period. Highest wind speeds are observed in December, January, February and March. In 2006, average monthly wind speed was recorded to be 1.2 m/s.
2.7. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Denizli is the second largest city of the Aegean region. The changes in urban and rural population as well as the change in population density between 1927 and 2000 are given in Table 2.2. The distributions of population with regards to the districts and its growth rate during 1990-2000 periods are given in Table 2.3.
Average population growth rate of the city was 1.9% except for the period 1935-1940 where it was only 0.49%. This ratio is relatively higher than the world average (1.7%) and the European average (0.3%). Based on 1990 census results, annual population growth rate was 2.4% in Turkey. This ratio was recorded to be 6.1% and 2.7% for urban and rural populations of Denizli, respectively, representing the fact that the urban population of the province increases at a much faster rate than its rural population.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 10 2.8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES
Being situated on fertile lands with good transportation access, the province of Denizli has long been known as an agricultural center and trade hub of the region. In the last 30 years, however, it has shown a remarkable industrial development. The success behind this development is primarily due to the capital transfer to industry, which accumulated in years through hand crafts and weaving together with trading activities. Consequently, Denizli became the second fastest growing city of the Aegean region following Izmir. Gross National Product (GNP) of Denizli is in the order of 2133 US Dollars as of 2001 prices. When the entire GNP of Turkey is considered, it is seen that Denizli is ranked 20th among 81 provinces. This value corresponds to a share of 1.24% from the national economy.
Table 2.2 Population change in Denizli (1927-2000) Census Urban Rural Total Population Year Population Population Population Density 1927 41,209 202,603 243,812 21 1935 43,866 242,052 285,918 24 1940 47,619 237,606 285,225 24 1945 51,251 264,683 315,934 27 1950 61,297 278,980 340,277 29 1955 72,170 296,124 368,294 31 1960 100,916 324,533 425,449 36 1965 117,739 345,630 463,369 39 1970 141,309 369,851 511,160 43 1975 171,586 389,330 560,916 47 1980 205,938 397,400 603,338 51 1985 248,673 418,805 667,478 56 1990 337,793 413,089 750,882 63 2000 413,914 436,115 850,029 72
2.9. PROTECTED AREAS
Denizli is a tourism center with its ancient cities, hot springs and is unique in the world with its travertine, some of which, are listed below and shown in the map (Fig. 2.5).
. Honaz Mountain National Park –Honaz Mountain (highest point of the Aegean Region) and its vicinity. The park covers an area of 9616 ha. Pamukkale Special Protection Area – Thermal springs and travertine (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Beyagac Kartal Lake and its vicinity – Being a moraine lake, Lake Kartal and its vicinity are designated as a Nature Protection Area in 1994 due to its black pine. It covers a total area of 1309 ha. Cankurtaran Watershed Protection Area. Karcideresi Forest Land.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 11 Table 2.3 Population of districts of Denizli as of 1990 and 2000 1990 2000 Growth District Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Rate (%) Denizli 280,725 203,741 76,984 400,719 275,480 125,239 35.58 Acipayam 69,446 8,054 61,392 64,410 9,956 54,454 -7.53 Akkoy 7,663 3,614 4,049 6,437 2,716 3,721 -17.43 Babadag 9,513 6,016 3,497 8,212 4,832 3,380 -14.70 Baklan 11,970 3,931 8,039 8,440 2,737 5,703 -34.93 Bekilli 12,637 4,632 8,005 10,577 3,931 6,646 -17.79 Beyagac 7,197 3,006 4,191 7,332 2,789 4,543 1.86 Bozkurt 12,647 4,309 8,338 11,862 4,191 7,671 -6.41 Buldan 25,554 12,202 13,352 26,994 13,986 13,008 5.48 Cal 41,858 4,704 37,154 32,932 4,926 28,006 -23.98 Cameli 20,379 3,043 17,336 19,100 2,740 16,360 -6.48 Cardak 10,001 3,733 6,268 11,236 5,649 5,587 11.64 Civril 61,441 11,445 49,996 62,708 13,749 48,959 2.04 Guney 15,799 7,333 8,466 13,718 6,277 7,441 -14.12 Honaz 22,948 6,333 16,615 24,533 7,442 17,091 6.68 Kale 19,518 6,950 12,568 21,390 7,189 14,201 9.16 Saraykoy 32,890 15,481 17,409 36,495 17,760 18,735 10.40 Serinhisar 23,560 17,112 6,448 22,265 15,864 6,401 -5.65 Tavas 65,136 11,777 53,359 60,669 11,700 48,969 -7.10 Total 750,882 337,416 413,466 850,029 413,914 436,115 12.40
Buldan Suleymaniye Forest Land – A natural wetland ecosystem that covers a total area of 150 ha and provides a natural habitat for numerous species including wild gooses, storks, water snakes, frogs and water turtles. Acipayam Evkara Pine Grove –5 ha redpine grove area. Guney Waterfall Natural Monument Protection Land. Akbas Resevoir Protection Area.
Among the ancient cities, only Hierapolis (Pamukkale) is in the boundary of the city and it is 19 km far from the project area. The distances of other ancient cities from project area are given below.
Eumenia (96 km) Tripolis (40 km) Alacain (60 km) Herecleia Salbece (52 km) Laund (64 km) Tabae ((78 km) Sebastopolis (45 km) Colossae (25 km) Anava (58 km) Attuda (37 km) Trapezopolis (35 km)
Since these sites are located outside of the project area, they will not be affected from the project activities. The aforementioned tourist areas are shown in Fig. 2.5 on Denizli Province Map. Similarly, the figure also shows the area (Denizli center) where this EMP is conducted. As seen from this figure, the historic and tourist areas mentioned above are situated away from the Denizli city center. Thus, trench construction activities will not have negative impacts in these areas.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 12
Distance from Distance from Province Province Denizli (km) Denizli (km) Acipayam 60 Cameli 111 Akkoy 23 Cardak 58 Babadag 35 Civril 96 Baklan 61 Guney 65 Bekilli 87 Honaz 22 Beyaga 108 Kale 71 Bozkurt 51 Saraykoy 20 Buldan 39 Serinhisar 39 Çal 64 Tavas 45
Figure 2.5. Denizli province map
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 13 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM REHABILITATION PROJECTS
3.1.1. Pre-existing Projects
In parallel to urban development, several projects have been implemented since 1952 to supply the required amount of water to the city of Denizli. However, pre-existing projects serve limited parts of the city and the population, and thus are not capable of meeting the demands. The most comprehensive project completed so far was the “Alter project” that was implemented between 1992 and 1994, the details of which are given in the following sections. Later on, “Sedes Project” was realized in a wider regional scale in 1999. Finally, “Denizli Water Supply System Rehabilitation Project Final Feasibility Report” was prepared in 2005. All of these projects were reviewed and summarized in the following sections of this EMP. Moreover, “Denizli (Center) Water Supply Project Hydrologic Report” was another project prepared within the same context in October 1992 by Alter Engineering (Alter Consulting and Engineering Inc.). Furthermore, documents related to the “Report on Design Parameters and Criteria For Hydraulic Calculations” prepared in June 2007 as a part of the consultancy services for water network rehabilitation, documents on SCADA system design, tender and construction supervision documents (DEN C2) by UBM-SNS group, documents related to water supply projects of municipalities merged in accordance with the Resolution on “Determination of the Border” prepared by various consulting firms as well as other related documents have also been reviewed, projects sites were visited, and interviews were conducted with the officials from Denizli Municipality and Bank of Provinces.
3.1.2. Alter Project
This project was prepared by ALTER Engineering Ltd. in 1992-1994 to study and evaluate the existing water supply network that provides drinking water to the entire city. The following data were considered for the project.
Projection year = 2027 Projection population (center) = 543,000 inhabitants Projection population (province) = 700,000 inhabitants Specific per capita domestic water consumption q = 275 l/cap/day Water loss rate during project design phase (between 1992-1994) = 44 % Lowest elevation of the project area in the existing map= 250 m (above sea level - ASL) Highest elevation of the project area in the existing map = 665 m Elevation difference = 415 m Lowest elevation of the project area in contiguous area = 210 m Highest elevation of the project area in contiguous area= 700 m Elevation difference = 490m
Based on these elevations, the city has been divided into 6 pressure zones within the scope of the Alter project. The following water resources have been determined to supply these 6 zones:
Gokpinar Spring: The Gokpinar Spring is located in the southern part of the city and is 30 km away from Denizli. The capacity of the source is 773 l/s or 19,500,000 m3/year (with 80% efficiency). The
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 14 elevation of the spring is 573 m. The planned flow rate to be taken from the source is designed to be 600 l/s. Gokpinar transmission line is designed as gravity system and have a total capacity of 1300 lt/s. It is made of 1000 mm steel pipe.
Derindere Spring: The Derindere Spring is located in the southern part of the city and is 1.5 km away from Gokpinar. It is flow rate is quite variable but has been taken 328 l/s or 8,2750,000 m3/year (with 80% efficiency) according to feasibility report. The elevation of the spring is 615 m. The planned flow rate to be taken from the source is designed to be 100 l/s. Derindere transmission line is designed to have a total capacity of 372 l/s and is planned to be made of 500 mm steel and asbestos cement pipe.
Deep wells: A total of 16 wells are located in the various parts of the city with a total capacity of 516 l/s.
In this project, the construction of two transmissions lines with 52 storage tanks (14 of which were existing), 11 pumping stations (4 of which were existing) were proposed. In addition, the water supply network was divided into 29 zones to provide a minimum and a maximum operating hydrostatic pressure of 30 m and 80 m, respectively.
This project was prepared about 15 years ago and construction activities were partially completed. During this period, the project was also partly modified. For instance, the pipeline coming from Derindere Spring was changed to steel pipe despite the fact that the pipe was designed to be asbestos cement. The Asbestos Cement (AC) pipes were only used in the secondary network. The special health and safety precautions that need to be implemented during the renewal of the aging asbestos cement pipes within the scope of this WB funded project are discussed in detail in Chapter 4: Mitigation Measures.
3.1.3. Sedes Project
Another project “Baglarbasi Municipality Water Supply Network Project” has been prepared by SEDES Engineering Ltd. in 1999. This project intended to supply water to certain parts of the city. However, these areas are not situated in areas where pipe renewal activities will be carried out as a part of this EMP. This data is provided for completeness purposes only. A brief summary of this project is presented as follows:
Projection year: 2035 Projection population = 51,000 inhabitants Specific per capita domestic water consumption q = 170 l/cap/day Population density= 100 cap/ha
This project was designed to be fed by two sources: Gokpinar transmission line: Flow: 47 l/s Pressure (operational): 568.59 m. Zeytinkoy well: Flow: 13 l/s Elevation: 430 m Well numbered 20/3063: Flow: 50 l/s Elevation: 478 m. Lowest elevation of the project area in the existing map= 392 m Highest elevation of the project area in the existing map = 700 m
The project was designed for 8 pressure levels. All existing storage facilities and pipelines were ignored and the entire system was redesigned to have 4 storage tanks, 3 pumping stations and 4 pressure adjusting vanes.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 15 3.1.4. Final Feasibility Report of Denizli Water Supply System Rehabilitation Project
In accordance with the agreement signed on 7.3.2005 by Kaya-SNS joint venture, “Denizli Water Supply System Rehabilitation Project Final Feasibility Report” was prepared. In this report, the purpose of the feasibility was determined “to evaluate the water supply and distribution system of Denizli Municipality, to isolate the demands for investments by pointing out the existing problems and bottlenecks in order to establish a system that will serve the needs till 2040, to conduct financial analysis of the investments, to determine the bases for water tariff fixation for providing sustainable operational conditions and to suggest the required institutional arrangements”. Major outcomes of the final feasibility report are summarized as:
Evaluation of existing municipal water supply system Determination of required investments and their economic analysis Determination of demand on external support based on financial capacity of the municipality Determination of demands for sustainable operational conditions in the system and bases for water tariff fixation Time planning of the rehabilitation works and assessment of tender methods
In this report; Denizli Municipality was set to be the owner and the beneficiary of the project whereas Bank of Provinces, State Planning Agency and Undersecreteriat of Treasury were designated as the shareholders. Additional issues mentioned in the report are as follows:
In this report, the mean monthly domestic water consumption per household in the province of Denizli in 2004 was computed to be 9.3 m3 for a house. In other words, it corresponds to the amount of water consumed by a flat or a house with 3 or 4 inhabitants. This amount is billed as 6.98 YTL (3.93 EURO) and is about 0.92% of average gross income of a family. This rate is about 4% in the world and it is therefore thought that this value could be increased.
Similarly, it was also stated in the report that per capita expenses comprising water supply, wastewater collection and treatment as well as solid waste management (Urban Infrastructure) was 37 YTL (21 EURO). Water budget of 2003 was also presented in the report. However this data is updated with 2008 values and is given in the Fig. 3.1. The shaded boxes in the figure represent water losses. Based on this water budget, “Infrastructural Loss Index” (ILI) that is defined as a simple ratio of the “Technical Indicators of Real Losses” (CARL) to the “Unavoidable Average Real Losses” (UARL) was calculated as 7.9. It must be noted that for properly constructed and operated systems, this ratio is close to “1”.
Population projections for the 2006-2040 periods (35 years) were made by using the methods of Bank of Provinces and United Nations. Both methods estimated a population value of about 961,000 in 2040. Assuming the average household size of 3.5, the gross amount of water consumption was estimated as 187 l/cap/day in 2003 and 180 l/cap/day in 2004. This value could rise up to 215 l/cap/day during the months in which consumption is maximum. The domestic water demand was evaluated based on these figures. Gokpinar Reservoir that is constructed and Akbas Reservoir that is under planning by the State Hydraulic Works were proposed as potential sources to meet this demand.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 16 AMOUNT OF WATER ENTERING THE DISTRUBITION SYSTEM
38,758,694 m3/yr 100%
Legal Consumption Water Losses
24,076,900 m3/yr 62.12% 14,681,793 m3/yr 37.88%
Metered Consumption Unmetered Cons. Commercial Losses Physical Losses
23,914,114 m3/yr 61.7% 162,000 m3/yr 0.42% 713,160 m3/yr 1.84% 13,968,633 m3/yr 36.04%
Billed Unbilled Illegal Cons. Inaccurate metering etc. 705,408 m3/yr 1.82% 22,162,221 m3/yr 57.18% 1,751,893 m3/yr 4.52% 7,517 m3/yr 0.02%
Water Revenue Water Revenue Losses
57.18% 42.82%
Figure 3.1 Water budget as of year 2008
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 17 Within the scope of the investment demand evaluation process, a water supply rehabilitation system was introduced in the report and the following measures were proposed:
Protection of Gokpinar Spring Rehabilitation of transmission lines Rehabilitation of pumping stations and storage tanks Construction of a 1500 m3 storage tank Rehabilitation of water supply network Installation of flow and pressure measurement devices Installation of SCADA system
Among the tasks mentioned above, the rehabilitation of the transmission lines, pumping stations and the storage tanks will be carried out by the municipality. To this end, only the renewal and replacement of the secondary water supply network is within the scope of this WB-funded project that this EMP is based on. The project area for the renewal of the secondary water supply network is presented in Fig. 3.2.
3.1.5. Prevailing Conditions
As mentioned in the project descriptions given above, there are three sources that water is abstracted from to supply the needs of Denizli: (i) Gokpinar Spring (ii) Derindere Spring (iii) Deep wells
Annual total amount of water abstracted from Derindere and Gokpinar Springs are given in Fig. 3.3 and Fig. 3.4. As seen from these figures, about 600 l/s and 125 l/s water is abstracted from Gokpinar and Derindere Springs, respectively. In addition, the total amount abstracted from the deep wells is about 445 l/s according to records dated 28.6 2007. As mentioned in the feasibility report Asbestos Cement (AC) pipes in the initial parts of the Derindere transmission line were changed to steel pipes 3 years ago in order to prevent a loss of about 20 l/s water. The old AC pipes were sent to the Izaydaş Hazardous landfill site. The municipality conducts certain works for the preservation of these resources. One of these preservation measures is fence installation particularly along the roadside of the reservoir in order to prevent accidents that might affect the Gokpinar Spring reservoir. Another opinion is rerouting the road. These are still debated and some precautions are expected to be taken in the short term.
Currently, water collected from these resources is disinfected via the chlorination unit located at the Gokpinar storage tank. This system is under operation for the last 10 years. Chlorine gas is used as the disinfectant. All health and safety precautions related to chlorine gas are taken by the Municipality inside the unit. Among these precautions, ventilation of the chlorine tank storage room via bottom aspirators, emergency pool filled with sodium sulfide, emergency showers for hands, eyes and face as well as an alarm system equipped with light and noise alarms, are the important ones. The chlorine tank storage room is kept locked at all times and only authorized personnel with safety clearance could enter this room.
As to the implementation of the SCADA system, no solid progress has been made. However, “Report on Design Parameters and Criteria for Hydraulic Calculations” was prepared by UBM-SNS group in June 2007 for Denizli Municipality Water and Sewage Authority as a part of the consultancy services
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 18 for water network rehabilitation, SCADA system design, tender documents preparation and construction supervision (DEN C2). The report ends with some brief information on environmental assessment, cost analysis and the administrative structure of the municipality.
The information given above is not within the scope of this EMP and is provided here for completeness of the report. Currently, Denizli Municipality is focused on minimizing water losses. The project within this EMP work is a part of these activities.
Figure 3.2 General lay out of the water supply system that will be renewed by WB credit.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 19
Figure 3.3 Total amount of water abstracted from Derindere Spring
project and construction phase
Figure 3.4 Total amount of water abstracted from Gokpinar Spring
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 20 3.2. SEWER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT
Several sewerage projects have been prepared and certain investments (infrastructures) have been completed since 1986. The major one, “Denizli Sewer System Implementation Project” was prepared by Tempo Engineering and Consulting Inc. and approved by the Bank of Provinces (Iller Bankasi) in 9.10.1986. According to this project, two main collectors were designed: 1600 mm diameter Ellez Creek Collector and 600 mm diameter Bagirsak Creek Collector. Total length of the sewer line is 1100 km (with diameters ranging from 200 mm to 1600 mm). Of these lines, 108 km is already completed (all lines having diameters 400 mm and above; and some parts of 200 mm and 300 mm diameter lines).
Later “Denizli Bagirsak Creek Basin Sewer System Implementation Project” was prepared by Bank of Provinces and was approved in May 2001. This project covers the settlements (at southeastern parts of the city) located in the catchment area of the Gokpinar Reservoir, which is designated as the drinking water source of the city. Since the objective of the project was to protect the entire catchment area of the Gokpinar Reservoir, the project area has been taken to be larger than it needs to be and thus not only the eastern parts of Denizli (Center) but also Tekkekoy (Gokpinar), Bagbasi, Kinikli and Kayhan districts were included in the project’s service area. According to Bagirsak Creek project (approved in 2001), a total of 440.73 km pipeline will be constructed (370.772 km pipeline in the first phase, 67.614 km in the second phase and 2.344 km in the third phase).
In addition to the projects approved in 1986 and 2001, a new project (Bagirsak Creek and Bozburun District Sewer System Implementation Project) was prepared to cover new settlements without sufficient infrastructure as a result of the expansion of municipality borders (Resolution on the “Determination of the Border” published in the Official Gazette dated 12 August 2006). Within the scope of construction works conducted by KAYA Consulting and Engineering Inc., areas with suitable elevation and location were connected to the existing sewer network. Meanwhile, Denizli Municipality has modified the Bagirsak Creek collector in order to protect the environment and connected parts of this line with suitable elevation to the 1600 mm diameter Ellez Collector. Thus, wastewaters that were previously discharged to the environment without treatment are now transferred to existing Eskihisar Wastewater Treatment Plant. Those configurations are delineated in Fig 3.5 schematically. The area where the works will be done by WB credit is also schematically shown in this figure and the detailed design of the collection system (drawn in AutoCAD) is given in Fig.3.6.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 21 Asagi Samlı WWTP Bagirsak Creek (intermittent creek)
(217 liters/second) 421 liters/second Eskihisar WWTP
Ellez Creek (60 liters/second)
Temporary
connection
Existing
Area where the BagirsakCollector Planned
works will be done Ellez Collector Ellez by WB credit
Figure 3.5 Schematic representation (main collectors) of wastewater system in Denizli
Planned and completed pipe investments of Denizli Sewer System are summarized in Table 3.1. In addition to the numbers given in the Table 3.1 the city has a total of 360.5 km pipeline, which were constructed by the municipality and the public.
As can be seen from the Figure 3.5 limited amount of raw wastewater from the downstream of the Bagirsak collector is being discharged to the receiving media (creeks). The use of raw wastewater in the creeks in agricultural fields is vague (unsure), and in fact illegal. However, regarding the project area that will be rehabilitated by WB credit, no wastewater is discharged to the receiving water without treatment because the wastewater is conveyed to the Eskihisar wastewater treatment plant - WWTP (see Fig 3.5).
In the Denizli Sewer System Implementation Project approved in 1986, construction of a wastewater treatment plant-WWTP at Eskihisar neighborhood was proposed to treat the collected wastewaters of the city of Denizli. Within this scope, a 16 ha area was expropriated near the village of Eskihisar. Eskihisar (Central) WWTP was designed to be constructed in two phases aiming to serve the population in 2005 and 2025. Wastewater is transferred to the plant via the 1600 mm diameter Ellez Creek Collector. Construction of the plant, which was designed for the population estimates of the year 2005 has been completed in March 2007 and the plant is currently operational. It comprises of mechanically cleaned bar racks, aerated grit chambers, primary sedimentation, mechanically (surface) aerated activated sludge units, and final sedimentation tanks. Sludge generated from the process is thickened by gravity thickeners and stabilized by anaerobic digesters. The same units will be duplicated as the second phase, when the inflow increase and reach the ultimate capacity in coming
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 22 years (most likely at 2025). Treated wastewater is planned to be used for irrigation purposes. Thus, the treated wastewater is discharged (via 2.5 km collector) to the State Hydraulic Works Left Bank Irrigation Canal.
Table 3.1 Planned and completed investments within the scope of Denizli Sewer System Projects approved in 1986 and 2001. Denizli (Center) Sewer Denizli (Center) Bagirsak Creek Basin System Implementation Sewer System Implementation Project Pipe Completed Project (Planned) (Planned) Diameter Pipeline (approved in 1986) (approved in 2001) (mm) Length (m) st nd st 1 phase 2 phase 1 phase 2nd phase 3rd phase (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) Ø 200 50300 519000 173000 336567 67558 1304 Ø 300 20300 225000 75000 17653 56 772 Ø 400 8000 3268 220 Ø 500 2600 3692 48 Ø 600 15600 2503 Ø 800 3900 558* Ø 900 4237 Ø 1000 663 789* Ø 1200 5742* Ø 1600 2400 Subtotal (m) 108000 744000 248000 370772 67614 2344 Total (m) 108000 992000 440730
* Completed
Besides the Eskihisar WWTP, wastewaters being collected in the Bagirsak Creek Basin was planned to be transferred to a treatment plant that was proposed to be constructed in Gokpinar Creek Valley. However, route of the collector line had to be changed in order to collect the wastewaters originating from Bozburun Industrial zone and Bozburun village and the treatment plant was decided to be constructed in Asagi Samli region. This new treatment plant was also planned with a stepwise construction (for two design periods) that would serve the needs of the population in years 2020 and 2035. The capacity of the first phase was planned to be 100,000 inhabitants (638 l/s) and the ultimate capacity was designed to be 170,000 (1031 l/s). The plant is designed to operate on a classical activated sludge principle and wastewaters would be transferred to the plant via 1200 mm diameter Bagirsak collector. A connection will be made from Eskihisar WWTP to Asagi Samli WWTP in order to facilitate bypass Eskihisar WWTP when it is needed (see Fig.3.5).
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 23
Figure 3.6 General lay out of the wastewater collection system that will be renewed by WB credit. .
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 24 3.3. STORMWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM
A moderately old storm water drainage system made of reinforced concrete exists in Denizli that serves a limited area within the city. Location and characteristics of these systems are presented in Table 3.2. Since the existing system is insufficient, a new storm water drainage system has been designed for the area shown in Fig. 1.1. The design has been prepared by Kaynak Engineering Inc. in 2008. The collectors of this system are planned to be Ø400, Ø500, Ø600, Ø800 and Ø1000 mm in diameter and are designed according to the technical guidelines of the Bank of Provinces. The pipe material will be HDPE. The project design specifies that these pipes should be constructed by the elastic materials that would comply with the standards set in the “Pipeline Infrastructure Disaster Regulation” (published in the Official Gazette dated 15.02.2007 and numbered 26435) so that the pipeline would react elastically to any ground movement, would be repaired quickly and easily, would be elastic in manhole connections, would not be influenced by ground subsidence and would be of non-corrosive material. The meteorological data used in the project is obtained from the Denizli District of State Meteorological Organization. The precipitation data is used in order to illustrate the intensity - duration –occurrence curves from which design flow is computed. According to the project, a total of 31,439 m storm water drainage pipeline will be laid in Denizli (Center). The general view of the stormwater drainage project is given in Fig. 3.7.
As far as the construction is concerned, stormwater drainage system is not different from wastewater collection system. This similarity is also valid in the operational phase of both systems.
Table 3.2 Location and characteristics of existing stormwater drainage system of Denizli
Pipe Diameter (mm) Total Location Ø 400 Ø 600 Ø 800 Ø 1000 Ø 2000 Length (m) İnonu-Hurriyet 314 395 1223 1932 Ulus Road 1558 1558 Ataturk Road 918 918 Emek Road 370 370 Yusuf Batur 909 470 1046 2425 Merkez Efendi 1350 1350 29 Ekim Blv. 1650 1650 Sumer Road 660 660 Total 2804 1313 5177 10863
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 25
Figure 3.7 General lay out of the storm water drainage system that will be constructed by WB credit.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 26 4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
4.1. IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN
The environmental impacts and the associated mitigation measures related to the renewal of pipes of the secondary water supply network and the sewerage system as well as the construction of stormwater drainage network for the area shown in Fig. 1.1, are presented in this section of the report. Here it should be noted that the service characteristics of the three investments are different from each other, however, their construction reflects significant similarities, i.e., excavation, pipe replacement and backfilling. Therefore “impact mitigations” and “monitoring” plans of the three projects are given in two different tables (Table 4.1. and 4.2.).
The construction and operational phases of the project will have some environmental impacts. Construction works including excavation (manual/machinery), base preparation of canal trenches, pipe replacement, backfill (trench fills for pipelines), construction of manholes asphalting and paving activities are expected to create various environmental impacts including dust formation, noise pollution, traffic problems as well as problems with public health and occupational safety and waste (including hazardous material) disposal. The potential environmental impacts of these tasks during construction and operation phases are presented in Table 4.1. A schematic summary of the table is given in Fig. 4.1a and Fig. 4.1b. Detailed descriptions of these issues are presented in the table. When this table is created, first environmental impacts are determined with regards to particular tasks to be completed. Then, possible mitigation measures are determined and included in the table. This table also includes the costs of these mitigation measures as well as the related organization/institution that would be responsible from the mitigation action.
Similarly, possible environmental impacts arising in the operation phase of the project are also summarized in Table 4.1. Major impacts among them mainly comprise noise pollution, dust formation and air pollution, traffic problem, aesthetic impacts, problems with public health and occupational safety, and particularly for sewerage, gas emissions (hydrogen sulfide formed as a result of the development of anaerobic conditions), and mosquito problem. Mitigation measures to minimize/prevent these impacts are also proposed in the same table. Moreover, responsible institutions/organizations are defined and the cost of prevention measures is presented.
In addition to these impacts and mitigation actions, the contractor company should, at the beginning, prepare a “waste management plan” and a “pollution prevention plan” in which, disposal methods for wastes are described prior to starting to work. In this context, priority should be given to the re-use of excavation material within the construction site (such as backfill material). Before construction starts, related institutions and organizations (Municipality, Electricity Distribution Company-TEDAS, if available Natural Gas Distribution and Operation Company, TELEKOM) should be informed. During construction and operation, when needed, water supply cut offs should preferably be applied between 12 pm-06 am when public would be influenced the least. Public should be informed 24 hours in advance prior to water cut off.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 27 4.2. MONITORING PLAN
In this section of the report, a “Monitoring Plan” for the project was created, which would give responsibility to various organizations/institutions for evaluating the effectiveness of the mitigation measures discussed in the previous section during construction and operational phases of the project. The details of this plan are presented in Table 4.2.
One of the environmental problems experienced in Turkey is illegal dumping. Many times, the trucker could dump its load to a closer location than he is supposed to carry. Hence, weighing the dump material both at the construction site and at the dump site is introduced in the monitoring plan as a mitigation action for illegal dumping. Although this issue might seem odd and not directly related to environmental management, it is deemed to be the only way to prevent illegal dumping of construction waste.
The monitoring plan activities will be conducted in direct coordination with the “Public Relations Unit- PRU” to be formed by the contractor such that monitoring might need to be modified according to the complains of the general public.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 28 Waste Disposal Excavation waste
Pipe waste (except AC pipes)
Asbestos Cement (AC) Pipes
Hazardous waste (oil, battery, accumulator, etc.)
Solid Wastes CONSTRUCTION Domestic wastewater
Dust Formation & Air Excavation Pollution Trench filling Paving and asphalting
Transportation
Noise Excavation Pipe replacement
Trench filling Paving and asphalting
Transportation
Traffic Influence of construction activities on local traffic
Partial or complete road blockage due to construction activities
Destruction of Excavation Archeological Artifacts
Public Health & Excavation Occupational Safety Pipe replacement
Trench filling
Paving and asphalting
Transportation
Aesthetic Impacts Excavation
Pipe replacement
Trench filling Paving and asphalting
Destruction of green spaces
Pre-Operational Pipe placement / replacement Hygiene Installation
Figure 4.1a. Potential impacts and issues considered in the mitigation plan for construction stage
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 29
Waste Disposal Waste material from maintenance works
Waste from sewer cleaning
Hazardous materials OPERATION
Noise From pumping stations
Accumulation within sewer line & overflow from Clogging of Sewer Lines manhole
Public Health & From chlorination facilities Occupational Safety From pumping stations
From sewer cleaning
Operational Hygiene Disinfection
Figure 4.1b. Potential impacts and issues considered in the mitigation plan for operation stage
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 30
Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility Excavation waste Excavation material will be piled next to the trench until they are reused as backfilling. This material will not be stored next to the trench for more than one week. The remaining waste excavation material will be kept in temporary storage containers. Temporary storage containers will be yellow colored and type of the waste materials will be indicated on the containers. Domestic and hazardous wastes will not be disposed in these temporary containers. Containers filled with waste will be collected and transported to storage or recycling facilities by municipality or authorized companies.
According to the Regulation on “Controlling of Excavation Soil, Included in Construction and Debris Waste” asphalt and concrete waste will be Contractor
transferred to Kumkisik landfill site. construction costs.
Waste Sand and pebble will be reused in the construction or will be transferred to disposal the area provided by the municipality.
Construction Pipe waste (except AC The portion of waste pipes originating from the replacement of old pipes in pipes) the system which could not be reused and/or recycled (such as selling various old pipes, vanes and fittings to scrap dealers) will be disposed in the Kumkisik landfill site. These would be stored in temporary storage containers until transferred from the construction site.
Asbestos Cement (AC) All waste AC pipe components will be wrapped in sheeting, secured with Pipes tape, and labeled prior to disposal. Prepackaged and labeled asbestos waste items will then be transported in containers or truckbeds to the Included in Contractor IZAYDAS Hazardous Waste Landfill Site. The transportation will be construction costs. provided by licensed companies (vehicles). Workers dealing with these wastes will use protective masks.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 31
Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility Asbestos Cement Precautions related to the workers are presented in details in the following Included in Contractor Pipes-AC pipes (contd.) sections under the heading “Public Health and Occupational Safety. construction costs.
Hazardous waste Waste oils originating from machinery and vehicles will be stored in (waste oil from impervious tanks and containers that would be situated on impervious vehicles, batteries and foundation in accordance with the “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils”. accumulators, Tanks and containers will be equipped with apparatus that would prevent antifreeze and other over filling and will be filled till the designated level mark. Tanks and chemical substances) containers will have a red color and must be labeled as “waste oil”. Disposal of waste oils will be controlled by the Municipality.
Used batteries from construction site and accumulators from vehicles will Waste be disposed in compliance with the consumer responsibilities specified in disposal Article 13 of the "Regulation on Control of Used Batteries and Included in (contd.) Accumulators". Accordingly, used batteries will be collected separately Contractor
Construction construction costs. (from municipal wastes) and transferred to the designated collection sites of the Union of Transportable Battery Manufacturers (TAP).
All other hazardous materials will disposed in accordance with the Turkish Regulation numbered 22387 dated 14 March 2005 in Official Gazette “Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes“. In this context, the characteristics of waste generated will first be determined by accredited laboratories. If waste is defined to be as hazardous material, records will be kept and waste will later be transferred to licensed waste recycling or disposal facilities by proper packaging and labeling procedures that complies with this regulation.
Hazardous waste Hazardous wastes will be stored at the construction site away from Waste
(contd.) buildings in impermeable and safe containers placed on concrete ground disposal ion that are produced according to regulation. These containers will be (contd.) Construct labeled “Hazardous Material”. Those wastes will be transported by
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 32
Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility contractors licensed to handle these materials. Finally, wastes will be sent to IZAYDAS Hazardous Waste Landfill Site to be disposed at the special area reserved for hazardous wastes.
Solid wastes (from Solid waste in construction site will be collected and stored in containers construction site staff) and will be transported daily by the Municipality to the Kumkisik landfill site located at Kumkisik district.
Domestic wastewater Wastewater in construction site will be properly collected. In this scope, if (from construction site possible, connection to the existing sewer system via a manhole will be Included in staff) provided. If not, wastewater will be collected in constructed impervious Contractor septic tanks in or next to the construction site. The tanks will be emptied construction costs. by sewage trucks when it is filled and will either be disposed to the sewer system from a point determined by the Municipality or will directly be transferred to the inlet of the municipal wastewater treatment plant. During canal excavation in highly populated areas, portable toilets will be supplied for the workers.
Excavation The top layers of the excavated material will be wetted to prevent dust formation (especially in dry and windy weathers). Trench filling Dust Protection barriers will be used in construction sites depending on wind formation Included in Paving and asphalting conditions. Contractor and air construction costs.
pollution Transportation Trucks, carrying excavated material, will be covered and their bodies be controlled against spill, scatter etc. In case of scattering to road surfaces, the surface will be cleaned as soon as possible.
Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 33
Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility The transportation route for the excavation material will be determined carefully such that densely populated areas are avoided. Moreover, these roads will be rehabilitated.
In dry weathers, roads with heavy traffic will be wetted 3 times a day where as all other project related roads are wetted once a day.
Routine control and maintenance of vehicles used in transportation activities will be conducted regularly (daily and periodically). Daily
Dust maintenance will be carried out in each shift; and working time of each formation vehicle will be registered by the operator in order to follow the total Included in and air Contractor working hours for periodic maintenances. Periodic maintenances will be construction costs. pollution conducted at every 50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 working hours. Maintenance Construction (contd.) forms will be filled regularly.
All vehicles used in transportation activities will be issued an emission control stamp which is renewed every year by measuring the emissions from the exhausts.
Speed limits must be strictly obeyed for all vehicles used in transportation activities. On roads with bad surfaces, it is proposed to that a speed limit of 30 km/hour will be followed.
Excavation Noise barriers will be installed around the construction site.
Pipe placement / Principles given in the Turkish Regulation numbered 25862 and dated replacement 01.07.2005 in Official Gazette “Assessment and Management of Included in Noise Contractor Environmental Noise” will be followed. According to this regulation noise construction costs.
Trench filling levels of operation machines at construction site will not exceed the limit Construction LCmax: 100 dBC. To achieve these levels, silencer devices will be mounted Paving and Asphalting to all vehicles and equipments.
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Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility
Transportation Routine maintenance of all vehicles and equipments used for excavation, construction, pipe installation and asphalting will be done regularly. For the maintenance of transportation vehicles (e.g trucks) the “distance” is the key factor for maintenance scheduling. For the purposes of this EMP, this distance is proposed as 5000 km. Additionally 100 hr working time is suggested for work vehicles such as excavator, forklift.
Construction works will be performed between 07:00 - 19:00 hours. Unless absolutely necessary, no construction activities will be done at night. In case night operations are deemed necessary and the noise levels would be high, public will be informed 1 week in advance.
Influence of Before construction starts, public will be informed about the details of work construction activities (route of the blocking roads & duration, diversion of traffic etc.) on local traffic Contractor / Traffic The traffic department will work in coordination with the Municipality and No cost Municipality Partial or complete road the Contractor. When road blocking are necessary, official permits will be blockage due to obtained from Provincial Directorate of Traffic and the route & duration of construction activities blockage will be determined.
Necessary signboards and warning lights will be provided when the city roads are blocked and will not be removed until work is finished.
Traffic Alternative routes will be determined and transportation will be (contd.) programmed according to intensity of traffic.
Asphalt will be provided from the plant which has a valid operating permit. Construction Destruction Excavation Before construction works start, Ministry of Culture and Tourism will be Contractor / of the No cost informed about the excavation site and trench depths in case there might Municipality archaeologic
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Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility
al artifacts be archaeological artifacts in the project area.
If archaeological artifacts unearth accidentally during the construction works, responsible authority will be informed immediately. Excavation will be stopped until the permits from the related authority are taken.
Excavation Entrance of public (especially children) to the construction site will be prevented using warning signs & lights, plastic bands and barriers etc. Pipe placement / replacement Trenches and other excavation sites on unstable materials will be sheeted (eg. Propped sheet pile wall) and braced to prevent caving or collapse of Trench filling the side walls (sheeting is the term applied to the planks in actual contact Public health with the trench sides. Braces are crosspieces extending from one side to & Included in Paving and Asphalting the other). Contractor Occupational construction costs.
safety Transportation Technical controllers will be present at site during construction. It will be the duty of the controller to ensure that all protective measures against accidents comply with the provisions specified in the Regulations.
Inlet structures of stormwater drainage system should be fixed enough to prevent damaging and stealing.
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Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility Passageways will be provided for pedestrians. Platforms will be used for entry/exit to buildings and shops and these platforms will not be less than 60 cm wide. These platforms will be equipped with chains, plastic bands or wooden barriers on the sides and will be illuminated when necessary.
No excavation will be made during rainy days. Construction will continue with necessary precautions against slipping events (cleaning of wet surfaces and laying anti-slip materials) after rain ceases.
In the excavations made by excavators, bulldozers and similar machines, no one will be present within the movement area of these machines, and
Public health only authorized personnel will operate these machines. & Included in Occupational Contractor The related regulations of Labor Law numbered 4857 such as “Regulation construction costs. safety on Occupational Health and Safety”, “Regulation on Noise”, “Regulation Construction (contd.) on Health and Safety at Construction Works” and “Regulation on Using of Personal Protective Equipments at Work Places” will be followed.
These regulations comprise measures that will be taken and protective equipments such as respiratory masks, disposable coveralls and gloves, safety footwear. It will be the duty of the employer to ensure that, where applicable, all personal protective equipment should comply with the provisions specified in the Regulations and will be available. Workers and staff will be required personal protective wear including protective cloths and hard hats.
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Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility Access to the asbestos area will be restricted using barricades and warning signs will be posted. AC pipes will be wetted to reduce dust. Adequate water will be used during cutting of the AC pipes to control fibers, dust, etc. Workers will use respirators (not just dust masks) and full Public health body coverings. & Included in Occupational Contractor All waste AC pipe components will be wrapped in sheeting, secured with construction costs. safety tape, and labeled prior to disposal. Prepackaged and labeled asbestos (contd.) waste items will be transported by contractors having license to handle these materials. Afterwards, they will be deposited in the IZAYDAS Hazardous Waste Landfill Site for final disposal.
Excavation Barriers will be used in order to prevent visual annoyance during the construction works. Placement of barriers and separators around the Pipe placement / construction site may provide mitigation to aesthetic pollution. In this
replacement context, city pictures could be printed on these barriers and separators. Construction
Aesthetic Trench filling Construction material should be stored in protected and covered spaces. Included in Contractor impacts construction costs Paving and Asphalting All roads, pavements, walls etc that are deformed during construction activities will be rehabilitated to their original status. Destruction of green spaces Similarly, destructed green spaces will be replanted and uprooted trees will be implanted at different sites by cooperating with relevant institutions.
Pipe placement / Pipes, valves, fittings, fire hoses etc. will be cleaned and disinfected prior Pre- replacement to operation. Included in Contractor operational construction costs. Consultant hygiene Installation Ends of placed pipe will be closed to prevent pollution.
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Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility Waste material from Recycling possibilities will be evaluated and remaining waste materials will maintenance works be sent to Kumkisik landfill site.
Waste from sewer Material from canal cleaning will be stored at a site designated by the cleaning municipality after all hygienic precautions are taken.
Hazardous material All hazardous wastes will be disposed in accordance with the Turkish (paint, batteries, Regulation numbered 22387 dated 14 March 2005 in Official Gazette accumulators, waste oil “Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes“. In this context, the etc.) characteristics of waste generated will first be determined by accredited laboratories. If waste is defined to be as hazardous material, records will be kept and waste will later be transferred to licensed waste recycling or disposal facilities proper packaging and labeling procedures that complies with this regulation.
In this scope, hazardous waste (paint, waste oil etc.) will be stored Waste Included in temporarily in an area thought fit by the municipality. Waste oils will be Municipality disposal stored in leak-proof tanks and containers located on impervious ground in operational costs. Operation accordance with the “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils”. Liquid level measuring device (transparent tube) will be mounted to the outside of the tanks and containers to prevent overfilling Tanks and containers will have red color and be labeled as “waste oil”. After the temporary storage those wastes will sent to IZAYDAS Hazardous Waste Landfill site in containers or truckbeds by contractors having license to transport these wastes.
Used batteries and accumulators will be collected separately and disposed in compliance with the consumer responsibilities specified in Article 13 of the “Regulation on Control of Used Batteries and Accumulators”. Accordingly, used batteries will be collected by licensed contractors separately (from municipal wastes) and transferred to TAP (The Portable Battery Producers and Importers Association) collection sites.
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Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility From pumping stations The noise level at 100 m from pumping stations will not exceed 60 dBA. To this end, noise insulation will be provided at pumping stations. This could be achieved by installing insulation materials in the inner walls of the stations or noisy pumps could be placed in acoustic cabins.
Included in Municipality Noise All mechanical equipments that generate noise will be maintained operational costs. monthly. The oil levels, silencers, etc. will be controlled and renewed quarterly.
Trees could be planted in the vicinity of pumping stations to provide a natural noise barrier in long term.
Accumulation within Clogging of Sewer cleanings and anti-clogging equipments and teams will be kept Included in sewer line and overflow Municipality sewer lines ready at all times. operational costs.
from manholes Operation From chlorination Chlorine containers and feeding equipment will be located in a suitable facilities fire-resistant building. Chlorination room will be well aerated. Since chlorine gas is heavier than air, ventilators will be placed at the bottom of the building walls. Gas cylinders will be stored above the ground, kept Public health cool and secured from movement. The room will be kept locked. "Danger & Chlorine" signs will be posted on the walls. A bottle of ammonium Included in Municipality Occupational hydroxide solution will be available for detecting chlorine leaks. operational costs. safety Appropriate protective equipments (masks, showers, etc.) will be provided in the room to be used in case of accidents. A pool (to be filled with sodium sulfide) for submerging the gas tubes in case of leakage will be provided. Staff responsible from chlorination will be trained and will be made to wear protective masks and gloves.
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Table 4.1. Impact Mitigation Plan
Cost of mitigation Institutional Phase Impact Issue Mitigation measures a b measures responsibility From pumping stations Warning signs will be provided at facilities having mechanical and electrical equipments.
These facilities will be protected by safety fences.
From sewer cleaning During sewer cleaning, protective measures will be taken against methane
(CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. To this end, portable CH4 and H2S
measurement devices will be provided to detect CH4 and H2S levels in the Public health manhole before cleaning. & Included in Occupational In case of wastewater seepage to the surface from the sewerage lines, Municipality operational costs. safety the accumulated wastewater will first be retained, then disinfected by lime (contd.) or some other disinfectant and finally be collected by an adsorbent or other solidifying material before ultimately disposed at a suitable location shown by the municipality.
Operation Staff will be trained about safety and hygiene.
Inlet structures will be fixed such that they could not be removed easily by public and will continuously be controlled to prevent accidents (fallings etc). Missing inlets will be replaced as soon as possible.
Disinfection Storage tanks and other facilities that are in direct contact with water will regularly be cleaned and disinfected by using a mixture of detergent, Operational sodium hypochlorite and water. All internal surfaces of the tanks will be Included in Municipality hygiene cleaned. Special care will be taken to clean corners and joints such that operational costs no cleaning liquid will remain.
a Cost of minimizing the impact b Responsible institution
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Table 4.2. Monitoring Plan
When What Where How will the parameter be Cost of Phase parameter will be will the parameter be will the parameter be monitored/ type of Responsibility monitored-frequency of Monitoring monitored? monitored? monitoring equipment? measurement or continuous?
Excavation site Site observation (visual inspection): Control of the amount of temporary excavation The amount (volume) Temporary storage material by counting the number filled of excavation / containers storage containers and their levels. During construction phase construction material No cost Contractor Final disposal site The amount of the material transferred to on a daily basis piled in the the final disposal site will be controlled by construction site checking the volumes and/or weights of the trucks carrying these wastes. These data will be recorded for review.
Excavation Site Site observation (visual inspection):
1. Control of the true placement of the pipe ion waste in associated containers; 2. Prediction of pipe waste by controlling the number and the level of temporary pipe
Construct Upon release of pipe waste Pipe waste material waste storage containers. following construction No cost Contractor Kumkisik Landfill Site The amount of material coming to the activities Kumkisik Landfill will be determined by measuring the volume and/or weights of the trucks carrying these wastes. These data will be recorded for review.
Excavation Site Site observation (visual inspection): Control of proper labeling as described in the Upon release of AC pipe AC Pipes No cost Contractor mitigation plan. waste
Construction site Regular maintenance of the vehicles will be
Hazardous waste Continuously No cost Contractor
Co
nst ruc tion recorded. Replaced accumulators, waste
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Table 4.2. Monitoring Plan
When What Where How will the parameter be Cost of Phase parameter will be will the parameter be will the parameter be monitored/ type of Responsibility monitored-frequency of Monitoring monitored? monitored? monitoring equipment? measurement or continuous?
Work site oils could be controlled from these records.
Visual inspection will be carried out in the site to identify any residual asbestos
Site observation:
1. Control of fluid levels in waste oil tanks 2. Control of proper disposal of the waste batteries and accumulators in correct disposal containers and control of the levels in these containers 3. Control of the levels in other hazardous waste disposal containers 4. Control of leakage from the containers and check if these are properly sited
Construction site Site observation (visual inspection):
Work site 1. Visual inspection of the collection containers for possible wear and cracks Solid wastes 2. Control of proper disposal of solid waste Continuously No cost Contractor such that they are not placed outside the designated containers. 3. Control of the levels of all containers and check if these are regularly emptied.
Construction site Site observation (visual inspection):
Wastewater Continuously No cost Contractor
Co
nst ruc tion 1. Wastewater leaks;
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Table 4.2. Monitoring Plan
When What Where How will the parameter be Cost of Phase parameter will be will the parameter be will the parameter be monitored/ type of Responsibility monitored-frequency of Monitoring monitored? monitored? monitoring equipment? measurement or continuous?
Work site 2. In case of septic tank usage, by measuring water level in tank
Construction site Site observation (visual inspection): (neighboring areas that 1. Control of the surface cover of the are effected from the dumped material along the trench activity) 2. Control of the wetting of the dust During all project phases on causing material during windy weather a monthly basis Along the 3. Control of the correct locations of the Additional cost transportation route wind barriers During trench filling on a in case of 4. Control of the top covers of transport weekly basis portable trucks equipment Dust formation and Momentary monitoring in usage Contractor air pollution Speed control of the transportation trucks case of complaints via tachometers Windy weather Air quality monitoring for dust will be conducted with portable air quality
measurement devices (eg-PM10 devices).
Control of “motor vehicle exhaust emission At the beginning of control stamp” No cost construction phase
Construction site Upon complain During all project phases on
Additional cost (neighboring areas that a monthly basis in case of are effected from the Calibrated noise measurement device Noise portable Contractor activity) (sensitive to 30-130 dB) During intensive construction equipment works on a weekly basis Construction usage Along the
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Table 4.2. Monitoring Plan
When What Where How will the parameter be Cost of Phase parameter will be will the parameter be will the parameter be monitored/ type of Responsibility monitored-frequency of Monitoring monitored? monitored? monitoring equipment? measurement or continuous?
transportation route Momentary monitoring in case of complaints
Construction site Site observation (visual inspection): During the project phases Checking whether traffic jams occur due to Included in Along the construction activities Particularly during rush Traffic construction Contractor transportation route hours costs
Upon complain
Construction site Experts from the Ministry of Culture and Archaeological Tourism will be asked to visit the site, and No cost Contractor/Mun During the excavation works artifacts their examinations in the area will be icipality facilitated by the contractor.
Site observation (visual inspection): Is the construction site (materials creating Vicinity of the No cost Aesthetic issues aesthetic pollution) properly camouflaged During construction phase Contractor construction site via barriers? Are these aesthetically acceptable (clean and properly painted)?
Controlling the cleanness of pipe inner surface Upon completion of Pre-operation On laid pipes construction activities (prior No cost Contractor hygiene Controlling whether pipes are closed on to backfilling) both sides
Construction site Site observation (visual inspection): Visual
Public health & inspection will be provided to secure the Daily No cost Contractor ion Occupational safety Work site public from accidents, or hazardous
Construct material exposure by controlling warning
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Table 4.2. Monitoring Plan
When What Where How will the parameter be Cost of Phase parameter will be will the parameter be will the parameter be monitored/ type of Responsibility monitored-frequency of Monitoring monitored? monitored? monitoring equipment? measurement or continuous?
signs, barriers, etc.
Asbestos fiber measurement will be carried out in the work site (e.g. phase-contrast optical microscopy) to determine the employees’ exposure to airborne asbestos Additional fibers during removal of the AC pipe. When AC pipes replacement measurement Exposure must be less than 0.1 fiber/cubic is achieved. cost centimeter (cc) of air for an eight (8) hour
time-weighted average limit (TWA), and less than 10 fiber/cc of air as averaged over a sampling period of thirty (30) minutes
Medical assessments will be provided for Twice per year No cost
the workers.
Water sampling and analysis at laboratory At pumping stations or onsite monitoring with portable and storage tanks Included in Water quality: equipments Continuously operational Municipality residual chlorine Along water distribution costs Operation Continuous monitoring will be possible network when SCADA system is installed.
Water quality At water source Water quality is monitored Water samples will be taken and analyzed Included in (physical and based on the Regulation on according to the Standard Methods in the operational Municipality chemical parameters At water storage tanks Waters for Human accredited laboratories costs Operation indicated in the Consumption (published in
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Table 4.2. Monitoring Plan
When What Where How will the parameter be Cost of Phase parameter will be will the parameter be will the parameter be monitored/ type of Responsibility monitored-frequency of Monitoring monitored? monitored? monitoring equipment? measurement or continuous?
National Water Along water distribution Official Gazette dated Pollution Control network 17.02.2005 and numbered Regulation): free 25730). Accordingly, chlorine, total and samples are collected from fecal coliform, color, each neighborhood , for 5 turbidity, odor, taste, consecutive days a week pH, conductivity, and analyzed for free ammonium, chlorine. Furthermore, insecticides, routine monitoring of herbicides, microbiological parameters fungicides, heavy (coliform, E-Coli) and metals, organic and chemical parameters (color, toxic chemicals. turbidity, odor, taste, pH, conductivity and ammonium) will be conducted once a week. Once a year, samples will be collected and analyzed for insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, heavy metals, organic toxic chemicals in Izmir Regional Directorate of Hifzissihha Institute.
Periodically (preferably once Included in At water pumping Noise Noise measurement device every month) and in case of operational Municipality stations complaints costs
Operation Public health & In project area Chlorination room will be monitored by by Included in Municipality
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Table 4.2. Monitoring Plan
When What Where How will the parameter be Cost of Phase parameter will be will the parameter be will the parameter be monitored/ type of Responsibility monitored-frequency of Monitoring monitored? monitored? monitoring equipment? measurement or continuous?
Occupational safety by chlorine detector Continuously operational costs Protective equipment and security conditions of the room (e.g. lock of the Weekly door, liquid level of the pool) will be controlled.
Visual inspection of the safety and warning signs in chlorination room and pumping Weekly stations.
Visual inspection of the manhole covers and storm water inlets. Monthly
Included in Automatic gas detection and related alarm Chlorine leakage Chlorine dosing room Continuously operational Municipality equipment for chlorine gas will used. costs
Clogging of sewer lines will be monitored Additional cost by sewer inspection equipments (such as 1-2 times per year Clogging of sewer sewer Between the manholes remote control camera and TV). Municipality lines inspection
equipments
(a) What would be the cost of monitoring equipment or the cost of contractor that would perform the monitoring for municipality?
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5. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE
5.1. GENERAL
This section provides information concerning proposed institutional arrangements, authorities and responsibilities to minimize impacts depicted in the EMP during implementation of Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects. Within this scope, existing administrative structure of Denizli Municipality was examined and the demand for re-arrangements in order to conduct the committed services was investigated.
5.2. EXISTING ADMINISTRATIVE (INSTITUTIONAL) STRUCTURE
In accordance with the Municipality Law (Article 14), Denizli Municipality is responsible for supply, storage and distribution of water to be used for domestic and industrial purposes as well as collection and treatment of wastewaters. Denizli Municipality is structured as departments called “directorates”. In this regard, Directorate of Water and Sewerage Works is the main department responsible from the proposed project works. This directorate is responsible from construction, operation and maintenance of water supply and distribution (water supply and treatment systems) as well as wastewater collection and treatment (sewer network and wastewater treatment plants) systems. The Directorate of Water and Sewerage Works is structured in the form of a number of sub-divisions including water system maintenance, sewer system maintenance, wastewater treatment plant operation, water subscription, project approval & licensing, bidding & controlling and WB project management. The most important problem in these units is the lack of staff. Thus, every staff of the directorate typically works for more than one division.
Directorate of Water and Sewerage Works has no separate budget and accountancy. Revenues are collected by the Directorate of Accounting and transferred to the general Municipal Budget. Water supply and sewer system services are then financed from this budget. Equipment service and material procurement for maintenance works are managed by the Directorate of Purchasing.
Denizli Municipality water and sewer services are executed by 85 personnel. 36 of which are permanent workers (14 in sewer works, 20 in water works and 2 in treatment plant); 37 of which are temporary workers (16 in water works, 2 in treatment plant and 3 in office work); 11 of which are officers and 1 of which is a contracted staff. A total of 6 engineers are employed within the Directorate of Water and Sewerage Works, of which 4 are civil engineers, 2 are environmental engineers and 1 is a mechanical engineer. The rest of staff is primary school graduates.
The works conducted by the Directorate of Water and Sewerage Works are recorded via daily and monthly reports. Divisions also prepare daily work reports about the tasks to be completed on a daily basis and submit to the Directorate of Water and Sewerage Works. After completion, an additional report is prepared concerning the final status of the completed works. Furthermore, Directorate of Water and Sewerage Works presents reports to the Major and to the Directorate of Public & Media Relations on monthly basis.
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5.3. PROPOSED INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN THE SCOPE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
The details on how responsibilities would be shared and who would perform the defined tasks (mitigation measures, monitoring plans, etc) during the execution of the EMP for successful implementation of the project were discussed separately for construction and operational phases in previous sections of the report.
Denizli Municipality is the owner of the “Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer Systems Projects” and has direct and indirect responsibilities for the implementation of the EMP during operational and construction phases, respectively (see Table 4.1 and Table 4.2). In this context, the municipality should ensure that the EMP is added to the tender documents prepared for determining the contractor. Consequently, the interested contractors would be assured to propose a bid, which would include the costs associated with his responsibilities related to environmental management avoiding future problems that might occur in later phases of the project. In other words, the contractor could not claim that he was uninformed about works related to environmental protection as was seen in many other projects where the related EMP was not included in tender documents.
During the construction phase, It is proposed that a Health Safety and Environment-HSE officer is assigned by the Contractor to properly implement the EMP and to monitor the environmental impacts as suggested in this report. While HSE will, on one hand, implement EMP will, on the other hand, play a crucial role in providing the communication with the related institutions including the Municipality, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) etc.
The second most important point for successful implementation of the EMP is the training of the personnel (engineers, technical staff and workers) that will work in the construction activities in order to raise their awareness in environmental issues. The contractor should inform and train its personnel about the environmental issues in general and about the requirements of the EMP in particular. To achieve this objective, the contractor could use its own resources or consult private companies or related departments of universities. The environmental training program should include the following points:
Environmental impacts of the project and mitigation measures Reporting principals and understanding its rules Briefings on official laws and institutions related to the environmental dimensions of the projects Training of the personnel about public and media relations Training of the personnel about environmental accidents and interferences
The contractor is in charge of keeping all records related to the environmental training of its staff. Internal audits should be conducted to test the effectiveness and the adequacy of the training. The contractor is required to ensure that the personnel of its subcontractors would also take the environmental training and should consider this issue in its protocols with its subcontractors.
In addition to the technical issues mentioned above, the contractor should be involved in public awareness activities. In this context, the establishment of a Public Relations Unit (PRU) is strongly suggested. PRU would act as the responsible unit in hearing, documenting and acting accordingly with regards to the complaints related to the negative environmental impacts of the project. Thus, the contractor should prepare a complaint procedure such that all complains and proposals could be
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directed to the PRU. All records of complaints will be recorded by the PRU and will be directed to the relevant technical personnel in charge such that the required action and mitigating measures could be taken. Moreover, routine public hearings will be conducted by the PRU about the developments in the project. The municipality will also inform the public via its web site about the services provided within the scope of the project. The web site will also be designed interactively such that the complaints of the public could be sent online. The Municipality and the contractor will work in coordination in these aspects.
During construction phase, contractor will prepare monthly reports summarizing the EMP activities and monitoring plan results and submit to Denizli Municipality. In this context, the contractor will work, particularly for environmental monitoring works, with companies (Independent Monitoring Company – IMC) granted Laboratory Certificate of Proficiency or Laboratory Certificate of Preliminary Proficiency by Republic of Turkey Ministry of the Environment and Forestry.
Similarly, the municipality shall evaluate the monitoring reports presented by the contractor in accordance with the relevant environmental and municipality legislations and shall inform the Bank of Provinces. If requested, these reports will also be given to the Denizli Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry. In case of a warning from any institution regarding faulty implementation of the EMP, contractor will take necessary measures and will report the results back to Denizli Municipality.
Consequently, planned tasks of the construction phase will be shared by the contractor and the municipality in order to comply with the EMP and to achieve high environmental performance. Contractor is primarily responsible for training of key personnel & staff, preparation of Emergency Action Plan - EAP, corrective actions, internal auditing, reporting, handling of complaints and commissioning of IMC (if required). As owner of the project, municipality has responsibility to conduct relations with media in accordance with the general implementation rules of public investments. Besides, municipality should assist the contractor in preparing EAP and in internal auditing. IMC (if required) is responsible for environmental quality monitoring and training of key personnel.
During the operational phase of “Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer Systems Projects”, a management team is to be formed by the municipality within its institutional structure both to follow the environmental performance of the projects regularly and to operate the facilities efficiently. Personnel among the operation team should be assigned by the municipality to follow the environmental issues.
The municipality will establish a PRU to evaluate the complaints and suggestions from the public during the operational phase. This unit will run the public relations. Furthermore, the inhabitants of Denizli will be informed about the water and wastewater services and water quality etc.. Additionally, Denizli Municipality will provide training of personnel (engineers, technical staff, workers etc.) about environmental impacts and monitoring.
If operation activity is contracted to a private company, these arrangements will be requested from the company in accordance with an agreement to be signed between the company and the municipality.
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6. PUBLIC AWARENESS MEETING
In order to explain possible impacts of water supply system rehabilitation and sewer system projects and to introduce suggested mitigation measures, a public awareness meeting was organized with the support of Denizli Municipality. Meeting was held in Denizli Catalcesme Theatre on 14 November 2007 at 2:00 pm. Public, non-governmental organizations, governmental organizations/institutions was invited. List of invited participants is given in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1. Associations, chambers and institutions invited to the public awareness meeting Association/ Chamber/ Institution Participant Chamber of Industry Mujdat Kececi Chamber of Commerce Necdet Ozer Commerce Stock Market Ibrahim Tefenlili Chamber of Agriculture Hamdi Gemici Chamber of Doctors Hasan Aksık Chamber of Pharmacists Ismail Basdil Chamber of Dentists Metin Hadimli Union of Tradesman Chambers Musa Celikkol Chamber of Accountants Necdet Yilmaz Chamber of Civil Engineers Umit Bulent Altunay Chamber of Architects Suleyman Boz Chamber of Mechanical Engineers Mehmet Atikgan Chamber of Electrical Engineers Cengiz Suzuk Chamber of Veterinarians Mehmet Ali Uzakgider Chamber of Textile Engineers Ahmet Dincer Body of Lawyers Adil Demir Chamber of City Planners Sever Munis Chamber of Survey and Cadastre Engineers Aydin Yucel Chamber of Geological Engineers Ozer Tuncturk Denizli Union of Journalists Bulent Ozturk Chamber of Environmental Engineers Tevfik Basmaci Chamber of Chemical Engineers Omer Duysal Chamber of Mining Engineers Ali Edem Chamber of Geophysical Engineers Gokhan Fenli Chamber of Agricultural Engineers İbrahim Gur DEGIAD Denizli Young Businessman Association M. Ercument Erdem DESİAD Denizli Industrialists and Businessman Association Gultekin Okay Salgar DETGIS Denizli Textile Industrialists Association Kazim Arslan GETIAD Young Tradesman and Businessman Association Ali Sut MUSIAD Mustakil Industrialists and Businessman Association Fevzi Ozdemir TABA Turkish-American Businessman Association Sedat Erikoglu USIAD National Industrialists and Businessman Association Kazim Arslan DETKIP Denizli Textile Exporters Union Rasit Guntas BASIAD Babadag Industrialists and Businessman Association Ismail Yilmaz DENSAT Denizli Embroidery Industrialists Association Yuksel Arpaci
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Table 6.1. (contd.) Associations, chambers and institutions invited to the public awareness meeting Association/ Chamber/ Institution Participant DENTUROT Denizli Touristic Hotels and Managers Association Faik Piskin Denizli Miners and Marble Producers Association Samet Tunay Gunduz Pamukkale Tourism Association Ali Akturk ASKF Amateur Sports Clubs Federation Ali Eriskin AYSIAD Eurasia Managers, Industrialists Sanayici and Mehmet Gokce Businessman Association Mimar Sinan Association Hulya Kahveci Chamber of Chauffeur TUSİAD Turkish Industrialists and Businessman Association TUTEV Turkish Technical Staff Foundation TEMA Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion Municipality of Goveclik Municipality of Baskarci Municipality of Hallaclar Municipality of Bereketli Municipality of Ucler Municipality of Gumusler Municipality of Servergazi Municipality of Kayhan Municipality of Gokpinar Municipality of Akkale Municipality of Korucuk Municipality of Kinikli Municipality of Bagasi
Public awareness meeting was announced via Denizli Municipality official web site, local media and posters placed at various places in the city. Fig. 6.1 presents the announcement poster, Fig. 6.2 presents the announcement made on the Denizli Municipality official web page, Fig. 6.3 presents the summary of announcements made on local media.
Mukhtars of the neighborhoods to be affected from the projects, representatives of official chambers,, local press members and officials from Private Environmental Protection Association, Environmental Protection Foundation, TEMA Foundation (The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats), BASİAD, Provincial Directorate of Ministry of Environment and Forestry and Denizli Municipality attended the meeting. List of participants is given in Fig. 6.4.
Program of the public awareness meeting is comprised of an opening speech, an introduction of water supply system rehabilitation & sewer system projects, an introduction of impact mitigation and environmental monitoring plans and a discussion. The opening speech was made by Mr. Samil Cinar, Deputy Mayor of Denizli Municipality. It was followed by a description of the projects made by Mrs. Sule Vardar, Director of Denizli Municipality Water and Sewage Works. Then, an introduction of the “Environmental Management Plan” prepared to mitigate and monitor the impacts of the projects was made by Prof. Dr. Necdet Alpaslan (Copy of the presentation is given in Annex). Meeting was concluded with mutual discussions on Environmental Management Plan. Pictures from the meeting are given in Fig. 6.5. Denizli Municipality Water Supply System Rehabilitation and Sewer System Projects EMP 53
A brief summary of the meeting is available on official website of Denizli Municipality since 15.11.2007 (see Fig. 6.6). News on the meeting briefly summarizing opening speech given by the Mr. Samil Cinar on target of the EMP, and presentation by Prof.Dr. Necdet Alpaslan on environmental management and monitoring plan. News about public awareness meeting at local press are depicted in Fig. 6.7.Details on the discussions are given in the following section.
Figure 6.1. Public awareness meeting announcement (Poster)
Figure 6.2. Public awareness meeting announcement at Denizli Municipality official web site
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Figure 6.2. (contd.) Public awareness meeting announcement at Denizli Municipality official web site
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Figure 6.3. Public awareness meeting announcement at local press
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Figure 6.4. List of participants
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Figure 6.4. (contd.) List of participants
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Figure 6.5. Photographs from the public awareness meeting
Figure 6.6. News about the public awareness meeting at Denizli Municipality official web site
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Figure 6.6. (contd.) News about the public awareness meeting at Denizli Municipality official web site
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Notes on Public Awareness Meeting (Discussion Part)
In discussion part, Mr Mehmet Atilgan Head of the Denizli Branch of Chamber of Mechanical Engineers was the first one to deliver his opinions about the projects and said “all the systems (water, sewer etc) should be constructed in the same tunnels (e.g. pipe galleries) and especially during excavation works impact mitigation measures should be applied to minimize problems faced by shop owners”. In response to Mr. Atilgan`s suggestions, Prof. Dr. Alpaslan said “combination of all infrastructure systems in one tunnel will increase the costs and it would be difficult to make any changes on the projects after completion of tendering”. On Mr. Atılgan’s comment regarding the problems faced by the shop owners, Prof. Alpaslan has agreed and gave an example from Izmir subway construction. He also expressed the necessity for prevention measures in minimizing impacts on shop owners during construction activities.
Mr. Salih Basmaci Head of Denizli Branch of Chamber of Civil Engineers briefly summarized the existing infrastructure projects and congratulated Denizli Municipality for the new investments. In his opinion, the presented EMP was a well prepared report but stressed the fact that the most important point was its application. Since contractor firms mostly prefer completing works in the shortest time possible without implementing suggested measures, public is often suffered from the consequences. Thus, control mechanism is important component of the projects. During excavation works of natural gas system project, municipality failed to follow the schedule and this delay has resulted in many problems faced by public. Furthermore, he mentioned, by making reference to the natural gas system project of the municipality, that trenches were not filled right after pipe installation and that warning signs related to road blocks were not sufficient. He also stressed the fact that these projects would be realized in a ‘living city’ and mentioned the importance of proper planning and implementation. After these statements, he suggested that either the contractor or the municipality would establish a Unit or Center (e.g Emergency Center) to receive complaints and take relative measures. Prof. Dr. Alpaslan agreed with him on establishing such a control mechanism and he said “in EMP report this was already proposed. Thus, a person should be assigned by Contractor to implement plan. He/she will work under the responsibility of Denizli Municipality, Provincial Directorate of Ministry of Environment and Forestry and other related institutions. Cooperation with companies is also possible. By describing all the activities in the EMP, contractor will be aware of his/her responsibilities in the construction period before putting out to tender and prepare his bid by taking into consideration these points. Therefore, the contractor will implement project without having financial problems caused by mitigation measures. On the other hand, control of the activities is crucial and responsible institution in this aspect is Denizli Municipality. Additionally in the EMP, the establishment of a PRU (Public Relation Unit) was suggested and responsibilities of PRU were described. Assistance of this unit to controlling mechanism was foreseen”.
First question of Mr. Tarik Plevne, Director of DOCEV, was about minimizing water losses. Secondly, he said “vast amount of springs in the city causes decreasing of ground water capacity. High amount of water can not contribute to the hydrologic cycle in the nature and are discharged to sewer system”. Mrs. Vardar, Director of Denizli Municipality Water and Sewage Works and Prof. Dr. Alpaslan explained that water supply system rehabilitation project aimed minimization of water losses and SCADA system would provide online monitoring. Then, Mrs. Vardar briefly informed the participants about uses of Incirli spring and confirmed its use in irrigating the green spaces along the road. He further said that the municipality has other alternative plans for using the water’s other springs. Then, she said “water quality is suitable only for irrigation. As to artesian, tapping of this water is not possible but after collection and storage water can be used. Besides, amount of water abstracted from
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unregistered wells is relatively high compared to the unused water from springs. Allocation of the water for irrigation is under consideration”.
Mr. Mehmet Orki, Muhktar of Aktepe District congratulated the Municipality and highlighted the deficiencies during implementation of the projects. He gave example from pavement works and complained that Contractor firms implemented projects without taking any measures and this might cause serious accidents. Moreover workers employed for infrastructure projects could cause disagreements due to their irresponsibility. His questions were answered by Mr. Samil Cinar Deputy Mayor of Denizli Municipality. He said that, investments of Municipality had concentrated on this region and problems would be solved gradually. In regards to the pavement works, he said that these problems would be considered and necessary measures would be taken.
Mr. Mustafa Gulmez, Muhktar of Karsiyaka District asked about construction of a water storage tank and prevention measures against the flooding problem observed in the lower elevations. The questions were answered by Mr. Cinar and he mentioned that construction of a new storage tank was not on the agenda. Rehabilitation of the network would lead to minimize problems. Moreover, infrastructural systems (stormwater collection system, roads and pavements) would be handled in an integrated approach and they would be long lasting systems. Furthermore, supervision would be executed by consulting companies in cooperation with the Municipality. Thus, projects would be conducted efficiently.
Mr. Zeki Akakca, representative of TEMA Foundation, asked whether there were any projects about the long term water supply issues and groundwater resources. Regarding this question Mr. Akca said “In parallel to population growth water demand is increasing. Therefore capacity of Gokpinar and Derindere Springs will not be enough in the future. To this end, to supply water to the city there are studies on rehabilitation of alternative water sources and allocation of Aktas Dam in cooperation with DSI. If there is the need, pollution threats on Gokpinar Spring will be eliminated and water will be treated in long term period. In respect to groundwater sources, municipality developed subscription system to determine unregistered wells and provided water conservation by installing water meters. Closing of these wells could be realized in near future. Additionally, construction of a 5000 m3 capacity water storage tank has been started in the university campus area to and will be completed by the end of this month. Water to the tank will be abstracted from wells”.
Mr. Mehmet Orki, Muhktar of Aktepe District, gave examples from his previous visits and suggested construction of a sewer line for future connections not to destroy existing structures. Mr. Cinar explained that even there were no residential areas through a sewer line, manholes were planned on the route for future development possibilities.
Mrs. Hulkiye Erguner from Provincial Directorate of Ministry of Environment and Forestry proposed that sewer construction would be performed at night time especially on streets having shopping centers. In her opinion, these works would create noise and traffic problem if realized during day time. Mr. Cinar answered her question and said “locations of the construction areas and other factors will be taken into consideration before preparation of work plans. For instance, at the sites in which groundwater table is relatively high, works will be performed preferably during day time (as land slide risk was high). Nonetheless work can be executed nighttime wherever conditions are suitable to work at night”.
Mrs. Huriye İncecik from Provincial Directorate of Ministry of Environment and Forestry asked about stormwater collection system. Mr. Vardar briefly summarized the ongoing projects. In this scope he mentioned that Denizli Municipality had investments for 4 years and two main collectors serving two
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main parts of the city (2400 mm in diameter) were already completed. Sewer and stormwater systems would be separated gradually by connecting projected secondary lines. The stormwater projects were planned at basin scale.
Mr. Tahir Altintas, Muhktar of Sarikapilar District emphasized that; water supply system construction should have been started from old town. Moreover he talked about problems created by uncontrolled stormwater. Then he asked completion of construction works without any delay. Mr. Samil explained that rehabilitation project mainly targeted old towns. In this context spatially small changes could be considered. Furthermore, execution of construction works simultaneously for water supply, sewer and stormwater systems were planned to minimize impacts. As to street widening, there was no solid work except main roads. Besides, Municipality reserved a budget for expropriation in the scope of these projects.
Last question in the meeting was from Mr. Yasin Efesoy student at the University. He said that they followed projects conducted by Municipality and shared their opinions via internet. In this context Mr. Efesoy complained about lack of public interest to the investments and suggested cooperation to raise public awareness. He also mentioned that formerly organized tea parties were successful to reach public and presently internet could be suggested as effective tool serving the same purpose. Therefore, cooperation was necessary to achieve the goal. Mr. Cinar expressed his pleasure from this contribution and mentioned that during the project implementation there could be some deficiencies in public information process. Since authorized staff could not be at the site continuously. Updated news on the projects had been published at Municipality web site and this application would continue. However tea parties effective part of the process had to be interrupted due to elections. In regard to importance of local meetings, role of press and media, he agreed on Mr. Efesoy’s arguments.
Based on the discussions, it could be concluded that during implementation of the projects, main problems are caused by (i) insensitivity of contractor firms to public’s disturbance and (ii) lack of public awareness about the planned works.
Consequently, following aspects has to be taken in to consideration in the prepared management plan to minimize problems: (i) During implementation of the project, a control mechanism should be established (ii) In regard to public awareness, print and visual media should be used effectively. Public meetings at local scale should be organized. (iii) During construction phase, establishing a mechanism dealing with public complaints is proposed.
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Figure 6.7. News about public awareness meeting at local press
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REFERENCES
Report on “Denizli (Center) Wastewater Treatment and Sewer System Construction, Bagirsak (Gunluk) Creek and Bozburun District Sewer Network Project” Prepared by Kaya Insaat and Baser Muh. for Denizli Municipality in 2006. Hydrologic Report on “Denizli (Center) Water Supply System Project”. Prepared by Alter Muh. for Bank of Provinces, Department for Water Supply in 1992. Technical Evaluation Report on “Denizli Sewer and Stormwater Network Feasibility Works”. Prepared by Erim Ins. Ltd. in 2005. Denizli (Center) Stormwater Project. Regions 1-3. Description Report and Hydraulic Calculations. Kaynak Engineering Inc, 2006. Denizli (Center) Hydrologic-Hydrogeologic Study Report. Prepared by Bank of Provinces 3. District Office in 2007. Report On “Consultancy for Water Network Rehabilitation, SCADA System Design, Tender Documents Preparation and Construction Supervision (DEN C2): Design Parameters and Criteria for Hydraulic Calculations”. Prepared by UBM-SNS Cooperation for Denizli Municipality Directorate for Water and Sewerage Works in 2007. Final Feasibility Report on “Consultancy Service on Feasibility Report Preparation for Denizli (Center) Water Supply Network”. Prepared by KAYA-SNS cooperation for Bank of Provinces in 2005. Official Gazette (2004). Regulation on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Waste No. 25406, Date. 18.03.2004, Ankara. Official Gazette (2004). Regulation on Control of Waste Oils. No:25353, Date. 21.01.2004, Ankara. Official Gazette (2005). Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes. No:25755, Date. 14.03.2005, Ankara. Official Gazette (2004). Regulation on Control of Used Batteries and Accumulators. No:25569, Date. 31.08.2004, Ankara. Official Gazette (2005). (2002-49-EC) Regulation on Management and Assessment of Environmental Noise. No:25862, Date. 01.07.2005, Ankara. Official Gazette (2003). Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety. No:25311, Date. 09.12.2003, Ankara. Official Gazette (2003). Regulation on Health and Safety at Construction Works. No:25325, Date. 23.12.2003, Ankara. Official Gazette (2004). Regulation on Using of Personal Protective Equipments at Work Places. No:25370, Date. 11.02.2004, Ankara. Official Gazette (2003). Noise Regulation. No:25325, Date. 23.12.2003, Ankara.
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NOMENCLATURE
WB: World Bank
EMP: Environmental Management Plan
GNP: Gross National Product
AC: Asbestos Cement
TAP: Association of Portable Battery Producers
HSE: Health, Safety and Environment
PRU: Public Relations Unit
IMC: Independent Monitoring Company
EAP: Emergency Action Plan
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