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Natural England Standard A4 Word Template European Site Conservation Objectives: Supplementary advice on conserving and restoring site features The Lizard Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Site code: UK0012799 The Lizard Peninsula, Cornwall ©Peter Wakely/Natural England Date of Publication: 11 February 2019 Page 1 of 63 About this document This document provides Natural England’s supplementary advice about the European Site Conservation Objectives relating to The Lizard SAC. This advice should therefore be read together with the SAC Conservation Objectives available here. Where this site overlaps with other European Sites, you should also refer to the separate European Site Conservation Objectives and Supplementary Advice (where available) provided for those sites. You should use the Conservation Objectives, this Supplementary Advice and any case-specific advice given by Natural England, when developing, proposing or assessing an activity, plan or project that may affect this site. This Supplementary Advice to the Conservation Objectives presents attributes which are ecological characteristics of the designated species and habitats within a site. The listed attributes are considered to be those that best describe the site’s ecological integrity and which, if safeguarded, will enable achievement of the Conservation Objectives. Each attribute has a target which is either quantified or qualitative depending on the available evidence. The target identifies as far as possible the desired state to be achieved for the attribute. The tables provided below bring together the findings of the best available scientific evidence relating to the site’s qualifying features, which may be updated or supplemented in further publications from Natural England and other sources. The local evidence used in preparing this supplementary advice has been cited. The references to the national evidence used are available on request. Where evidence and references have not been indicated, Natural England has applied ecological knowledge and expert judgement. You may decide to use other additional sources of information. In many cases, the attribute targets shown in the tables indicate whether the current objective is to ‘maintain’ or ‘restore’ the attribute. This is based on the best available information, including that gathered during monitoring of the feature’s current condition. As new information on feature condition becomes available, this will be added so that the advice remains up to date. The targets given for each attribute do not represent thresholds to assess the significance of any given impact in Habitats Regulations Assessments. You will need to assess this on a case-by-case basis using the most current information available. Some, but not all, of these attributes can also be used for regular monitoring of the actual condition of the designated features. The attributes selected for monitoring the features, and the standards used to assess their condition, are listed in separate monitoring documents, which will be available from Natural England. These tables do not give advice about SSSI features or other legally protected species which may also be present within the European Site. If you have any comments or queries about this Supplementary Advice document please contact your local Natural England adviser or email [email protected] Page 2 of 63 About this site European Site information Name of European Site The Lizard Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Location Cornwall Site Maps The designated boundary of this site can be viewed here on the MAGIC website Designation Date 1 April 2005 Qualifying Features See section below Designation Area 3087.58 Designation Changes N/A Feature Condition Status Details of the feature condition assessments made at this site can be found using Natural England’s Designated Sites System Names of component Baulk Head to Mullion SSSI Sites of Special Scientific Caerthillian to Kennack SSSI Interest (SSSIs) Coverack to Porthoustock SSSI (approximately 80 ha of the north- eastern corner of the SSSI is not part of the SAC) East Lizard Heathlands SSSI Goonhilly Downs SSSI Kennack to Coverack SSSI Mullion Cliff to Predannack Cliff SSSI West Lizard SSSI Relationship with other Lizard Point SAC encompasses marine waters around the Lizard European or International peninsula, from Baulk Head on the west coast to Polbream Point on Site designations the east coast. It wraps around the coast and its coastal boundary is coincident with that of The Lizard SAC along this stretch. The south-eastern extent of Fal and Helford SAC lies approximately 2 km north of The Lizard SAC on the east coast of the peninsula. Site background and geography The Lizard peninsula forms the southern-most point of mainland Britain. The area is dominated by a gently undulating exposed heathland plateau cut by narrow river valleys. The surrounding coastline is rugged and geologically complex with caves, enclosed bays and small rocky islands. The geology is unusual and varied and includes the Lizard’s famous serpentinite rock as well as, gabbro, schist, gneiss and slate. The Lizard SAC is an extensive complex of coastal, heathland and wetland habitats on the Lizard peninsula. It lies within the Lizard National Character Area (NCA Profile 157) and the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The combination of its complex geology, topography, southern location and mild oceanic climate has resulted in a diverse range of vegetation types, including many rare species and some unique communities. A large proportion of the site is encompassed within The Lizard National Nature Reserve. Page 3 of 63 The site includes a typical sequence of cliff vegetation, with a variety of truly maritime plants, which grades into grazed and ungrazed communities on exposed cliffs. There are extensive areas of heathland rich in the rare Cornish heath Erica vagans. This habitat occurs on poorly-drained soils derived from ultra-basic serpentine and gabbro. It contains unusual mixtures of species characteristic of acid soils growing with species typical of base-rich soils, ranging from cliff-top heaths rich in maritime species, such as spring squill Scilla verna, to more inland heaths containing abundant bristle bent Agrostis curtisii. More typical stands of heath, sometimes called ‘short heath’ also occur. These are dominated by heather and bell heather. The site also supports a unique series of oligo-mesotrophic (nutrient-poor to moderate nutrient status) waterbodies which have a high base status. Unusually their high base-status is due to igneous geology rather than limestone or shell-sand. Serpentine rock gives rise to calcium-deficient ground waters that are rich in magnesium. The waterbodies support a rare combination of plants with stoneworts Chara species, typical of calcareous lakes, growing together with species normally associated with acid conditions, such as bog pondweed Potamogeton polygonifolius. There are also widespread examples of the serpentine variant of Mediterranean temporary ponds on the Lizard heaths. A number of rare species, including chives Allium schoenoprasum, dwarf rush Juncus capitatus and land quillwort Isoetes histrix, occur in this habitat type. The acid pool type is the main locality on the Lizard for an important assemblage of rare species, including pigmy rush Juncus pygmaeus, three-lobed crowfoot Ranunculus tripartitus and yellow centaury Cicendia filiformis. Page 4 of 63 About the qualifying features of the SAC The following section gives you additional, site-specific information about this SAC’s qualifying features. These are the natural habitats and/or species for which this SAC has been designated. Qualifying habitats: • H1230 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts Vegetated sea cliffs are steep slopes fringing hard or soft coasts, created by past or present marine erosion, and supporting a wide diversity of vegetation types with variable maritime influence. Exposure to the sea is a key determinant of the type of sea cliff vegetation. In the UK exposure is greatest on the south-west and northern coasts, where the long oceanic fetch associated with these coasts generates high waves and swell, and the prevailing winds help deliver salt spray to the cliff face and cliff tops. The most exposed areas of cliff support maritime vegetation dominated by a range of salt-tolerant plants. More sheltered cliffs support communities closely related to those found on similar substrates inland, such as grassland and heath, with only a minor maritime element in the flora. Cliff structure and geomorphological processes are major influences on cliff vegetation. The profile and stability of the cliff face is one of the major determinants of cliff vegetation. Even near-vertical cliffs support specialist crevice communities, while ledges occupied by breeding seabirds may develop specialist nitrogen-tolerant communities of plant species which are able to cope with heavy guano deposition. On less extreme slopes, species tolerant of exposure to wind and salt spray and of thin soils can find a foothold. The most characteristic maritime cliff communities occur in such situations. On relatively stable soft cliffs a wide range of progressively less-specialised communities can occur, including grassland, heath, scrub and even woodland. More mobile soft cliffs show a complex sequence of successional communities related to degrees of instability and the age of the slope. The vegetation of these sites typically comprises a mosaic of pioneer, ruderal, grassland,
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