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A Checklist of the Non -Acarine Arachnids
Original Research A CHECKLIST OF THE NON -A C A RINE A R A CHNIDS (CHELICER A T A : AR A CHNID A ) OF THE DE HOOP NA TURE RESERVE , WESTERN CA PE PROVINCE , SOUTH AFRIC A Authors: ABSTRACT Charles R. Haddad1 As part of the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) in conserved areas, arachnids Ansie S. Dippenaar- were collected in the De Hoop Nature Reserve in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The Schoeman2 survey was carried out between 1999 and 2007, and consisted of five intensive surveys between Affiliations: two and 12 days in duration. Arachnids were sampled in five broad habitat types, namely fynbos, 1Department of Zoology & wetlands, i.e. De Hoop Vlei, Eucalyptus plantations at Potberg and Cupido’s Kraal, coastal dunes Entomology University of near Koppie Alleen and the intertidal zone at Koppie Alleen. A total of 274 species representing the Free State, five orders, 65 families and 191 determined genera were collected, of which spiders (Araneae) South Africa were the dominant taxon (252 spp., 174 genera, 53 families). The most species rich families collected were the Salticidae (32 spp.), Thomisidae (26 spp.), Gnaphosidae (21 spp.), Araneidae (18 2 Biosystematics: spp.), Theridiidae (16 spp.) and Corinnidae (15 spp.). Notes are provided on the most commonly Arachnology collected arachnids in each habitat. ARC - Plant Protection Research Institute Conservation implications: This study provides valuable baseline data on arachnids conserved South Africa in De Hoop Nature Reserve, which can be used for future assessments of habitat transformation, 2Department of Zoology & alien invasive species and climate change on arachnid biodiversity. -
Crab Spider Lures Prey in Flowerless Neighborhoods Camila Vieira1, Eduardo N
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS DA UNICAMP REPOSITÓRIO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTIFICA E INTELECTUAL DA UNICAMP Versão do arquivo anexado / Version of attached file: Versão do Editor / Published Version Mais informações no site da editora / Further information on publisher's website: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-09456-y DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09456-y Direitos autorais / Publisher's copyright statement: © by Springer. All rights reserved. DIRETORIA DE TRATAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Barão Geraldo CEP 13083-970 – Campinas SP Fone: (19) 3521-6493 http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Crab Spider Lures Prey In Flowerless Neighborhoods Camila Vieira1, Eduardo N. Ramires2, João Vasconcellos-Neto3, Ronei J. Poppi4 & Gustavo Q. Romero3 Received: 3 May 2017 One fundamental question in prey luring systems is to understand how visual signals are interpreted Accepted: 26 July 2017 by the receiver. Predators lure prey by falsely imitating the signal of a model, or may exploit sensory Published: xx xx xxxx preferences of the receivers, which search for rewarding signals. Crab spiders refect ultraviolet (UV) light, ambush pollinators on fowers, and manipulate fower UV signals altering the behavior and response of prey. Whereas crab spiders typically depend on fowers to forage, adult Epicadus heterogaster departs from this standard behavior by preying on pollinators upon green leaves, even in the absence of fowers nearby. This species has a conspicuous abdomen resembling the shape of a fower, which may refect UV signals similar to that of fowers, and thus attract pollinators. Nevertheless, no empirical evidence is available that E. -
A Protocol for Online Documentation of Spider Biodiversity Inventories Applied to a Mexican Tropical Wet Forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae)
Zootaxa 4722 (3): 241–269 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4722.3.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6AC6E70B-6E6A-4D46-9C8A-2260B929E471 A protocol for online documentation of spider biodiversity inventories applied to a Mexican tropical wet forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae) FERNANDO ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA1, 2, M. ANTONIO GALÁN-SÁNCHEZ1 & F. JAVIER SALGUEIRO- SEPÚLVEDA1 1Laboratorio de Aracnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Colonia Copilco el Bajo. C. P. 04510. Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México. E-mail: [email protected] 2Corresponding author Abstract Spider community inventories have relatively well-established standardized collecting protocols. Such protocols set rules for the orderly acquisition of samples to estimate community parameters and to establish comparisons between areas. These methods have been tested worldwide, providing useful data for inventory planning and optimal sampling allocation efforts. The taxonomic counterpart of biodiversity inventories has received considerably less attention. Species lists and their relative abundances are the only link between the community parameters resulting from a biotic inventory and the biology of the species that live there. However, this connection is lost or speculative at best for species only partially identified (e. g., to genus but not to species). This link is particularly important for diverse tropical regions were many taxa are undescribed or little known such as spiders. One approach to this problem has been the development of biodiversity inventory websites that document the morphology of the species with digital images organized as standard views. -
Spider Ecology in Southwestern Zimbabwe, with Emphasis on the Impact of Holistic Planned Grazing Practices Sicelo Sebata Thesis
Spider ecology in southwestern Zimbabwe, with emphasis on the impact of holistic planned grazing practices Sicelo Sebata Thesis submitted in satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State January 2020 Supervisors Prof. Charles R. Haddad (PhD): Associate Professor: Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa. Prof. Stefan H. Foord (PhD): Professor: Department of Zoology, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa. Dr. Moira J FitzPatrick (PhD): Regional Director: Natural History Museums of Zimbabwe, cnr Park Road and Leopold Takawira Avenue, Centenary Park Suburbs, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. i STUDENT DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby assert that the work included in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not beforehand in its totality or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. I also relinquish copyright of the thesis in favour of the University of the Free State. S. Sebata 31 January 2020 ii SUPERVISOR DECLARATION iii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to all the spiders that lost their lives in the name of Science. iv ABSTRACT The current information on Zimbabwean spiders is fairly poor and is mostly restricted to taxonomic descriptions, while their ecology remains largely unknown. While taxonomic studies are very important, as many species are becoming extinct before they are described, a focus on the ecology of spiders is also essential, as it helps with addressing vital questions such as the effect of anthropogenic activities on spider fauna. -
Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa
SANBI Biodiversity Series 24 Wasps and bees in southern Africa by Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess Department of Entomology, Albany Museum and Rhodes University, Grahamstown Pretoria 2014 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 Sep- tember 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Manage- ment: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include respon- sibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI: Biodiversity richness for all South Africans. SANBI’s mission is to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by, or executed in partnership with SANBI. Technical editing: Alicia Grobler Design & layout: Sandra Turck Cover design: Sandra Turck How to cite this publication: GESS, S.K. & GESS, F.W. 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodi- versity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-73-0 Manuscript submitted 2011 Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written per- mission of the copyright owners. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of SANBI. -
A Checklist of the Spiders of Tanzania
Journal of East African Natural History 109(1): 1–41 (2020) A CHECKLIST OF THE SPIDERS OF TANZANIA A. Russell-Smith 1, Bailiffs Cottage, Doddington, Sittingbourne Kent ME9 0JU, UK [email protected] ABSTRACT A checklist of all published spider species from Tanzania is provided. For each species, the localities from which it was recorded are noted and a gazetteer of the geographic coordinates of all but a small minority of these localities is included. The results are discussed in terms of family species richness, the completeness of our knowledge of the spider fauna of this country and the likely biases in family composition. Keywords: Araneae, East Africa, faunistics, biodiversity INTRODUCTION Students of spiders are very fortunate in having a complete online catalogue that is continuously updated—the World Spider Catalog (http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/). The catalogue also provides full text of virtually all the relevant systematic literature, allowing ready access to taxonomic accounts for all species. However, researchers interested in the spiders of a particular country face two problems in using the catalogue: 1. For species that have a widespread distribution, the catalogue often lists only the region (e.g. “East Africa”) or even the continent (“Africa”) from which it is recorded 2. The catalogue itself provides no information on the actual locations from which a species is recorded. There is thus a need for more detailed country checklists, particularly those outside the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions where most arachnologists have traditionally been based. In addition to providing an updated list of species from the country concerned, such catalogues can provide details of the actual locations from which each species has been recorded, together with geographical coordinates when these are available. -
Araneae Biodiversity in the Ecuadorian Chocó: Impact of Altitude and Land Use on Spider Diversity
Araneae Biodiversity in the Ecuadorian Chocó: Impact of Altitude and Land Use on Spider Diversity Araneidae: Eriophora sp. with its cockroach prey (La Hesperia Reserva Natural) Photo by: Kristin Robinson Robinson, Kristin Academic Director: Xavier Silva, PhD Project Advisor: Alexandra Hoeneisen University of Minnesota: Twin Cities Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior South America, Ecuador, Pichincha, La Hesperia Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Ecuador Comparative Ecology and Conservation, SIT Study Abroad, Spring 2018 Robinson 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Alexandra Hoeneisen for being my mentor on this project. This project would not have been successful without her guiding advice and invaluable knowledge of the reserve. I would also like to thank her family for welcoming us to the reserve. Thank you to Diego Pullugando for providing support to our projects, as well. I also want to thank Elsa Vergara, Mónica Merchán, and Nancy Cayambe for keeping us well fed and providing for us while we stayed at La Hesperia. Additionally, thank you to the entire La Hesperia community for being so welcoming and for teaching us about the reserve. I would like to thank Satya Kent and Amanda Riley for their companionship, and, additionally, I would like to thank Amanda for accompanying me to my more distant nocturnal transects. I am very grateful to Xavier Silva, Javier Robayo, and Diana Serrano for their endless assistance, support, and advice going into this project before arriving on site and while challenges occurred on site. I would also like to thank SIT, School for International Training, for the funding and opportunity to do this research in Ecuador. -
2-S2.0-85074159933.Pdf
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS DA UNICAMP REPOSITÓRIO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTIFICA E INTELECTUAL DA UNICAMP Versão do arquivo anexado / Version of attached file: Versão do Editor / Published Version Mais informações no site da editora / Further information on publisher's website: https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/38680/ DOI: 10.15560/15.5.937 Direitos autorais / Publisher's copyright statement: ©2019 by Pensoft. All rights reserved. DIRETORIA DE TRATAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Barão Geraldo CEP 13083-970 – Campinas SP Fone: (19) 3521-6493 http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br 15 5 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 15 (5): 937–940 https://doi.org/10.15560/15.5.937 First record of Epicadus trituberculatus (Taczanowski, 1872) (Araneae, Thomisidae, Stephanopinae) in the Brazilian Northeast Jober Fernando Sobczak1, 2, German Antonio Villanueva-Bonilla3, Antônia Larissa da Silva Maia1, Jullyana Cristina Magalhães Silva Moura Sobczak1, Miguel Machado4 1 Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, R. José Franco de Oliveira, s/n, Redenção, CE, 62790-972, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal do Ceará, Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Science Center - Block 902, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil. 3 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, R. Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil. 4 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Arachnology Laboratory, School of Sciences, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil. Corresponding author: Jober Fernando Sobczak, [email protected] Abstract We present the first record ofEpicadus trituberculatus (Taczanowski, 1872) from the Northeast Region of Brazil. -
Diversity Value of Afromontane Forest Patches Within Kwazulu-Natal Timber Production Areas
Diversity value of Afromontane forest patches within KwaZulu-Natal timber production areas. by Inam Yekwayo Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of AgriSciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisors: Dr. James S. Pryke, Dr. Francois Roets and Prof. Michael J. Samways Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Faculty of AgriSciences March 2016 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2015 Copyright © 2016 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za General summary Natural forests are important habitats for many species. In the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands of South Africa these forests naturally exist as small isolated forest patches within a grassland matrix. Recently, much of the extensive grassland matrix has been converted to exotic pine plantations. It remains unclear how this has affected the ecologically important forest arthropods. The overall aim of this study is to determine the state of arthropod diversity in natural forest patches within a timber production landscape, and how best to conserve -
Spiders in South African Cotton Fields: Species Diversity and Abundance (Arachnida: Araneae)
Spiders in South African cotton fields: species diversity and abundance (Arachnida: Araneae) AS Dippenaar-Schoeman, A M van den Berg & A van den Berg ARC - Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Dlppenaar-Schoeman A S, Van den Berg A M & Van den Berg A 1999. Spiders in South African cotton fields: species diversity and abundance (Arachnida: Araneae). African Plant Protection 5(2): 93-103. Spiders were collected from 1979 t01997 in five cotton-growing areas in South Africa. Thirty-one families, repre- sented by 92 genera and 127 species, were recorded. The Thomisidae were the richest in species (21) followed by the Araneidae (18) and Theridiidae (11). The most abundant spider species were Pardosa crasslpalpis Purcell (Lycosidae), Enoplognatha sp. (Theridiidae), Eperigone fradeorum (Berland) (Linyphiidae) and Misumenops rubrodecorata Millot (Thomisidae). Wandering spiders constituted 61.5 % and web-builders 38.5 % of all spiders collected. Information on guilds, relative abundance and distribution are provided for each species in an annotated checklist. Spiders 'are common and occur in high numbers in cotton fields and prey on a variety of cotton pests. Although spiders probably are incapable of controlling major pest outbreaks by themselves their role in a complex predatory community may be important in regulating pest species at low densities early in the season and between peaks of pest species activity. They therefore could play an important role in keeping pests at endemic levels and preventing outbreaks Key words: agroecosystems, Araneae, biodiversity, cotton, relative abundance, South Africa, spiders. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of South Africa's (Nyffeler et al. -
Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Vegetation Layer of the Mkambati Nature Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Page 1 of 10 Checklist Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the vegetation layer of the Mkambati Nature Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa Authors: The Pondoland region of the Eastern Cape province, South Africa is very poorly studied with Anna S. Dippenaar- regard to invertebrate diversity, particularly in the case of arachnids. Accordingly, and in Schoeman1,2 Michelle Hamer3,4 view of proposed infrastructural and mining developments in this ecologically sensitive area Charles R. Haddad5 of high plant endemism, baseline data are provided on spiders (Araneae) of the vegetation layer (i.e. excluding the ground-dwelling fauna) of the Mkambati Nature Reserve (MNR). Affiliations: Spiders were collected at 26 sites (six forest and 20 grassland sites) in the MNR over an 1ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, eight-day period, using sweep sampling and active searching of flowers in grassland and Queenswood, South Africa tree beating in forests, as part of a broader biodiversity survey. Additional specimens were collected with Malaise and pan traps. A total of 1275 specimens were sampled, representing 2 Department of Entomology 132 species (6.6% of the total number recorded in South Africa) in 103 genera and 29 families. and Zoology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Theridiidae and Araneidae were the most diverse spider families in the reserve, represented by 22 species each (16.7% of the total), followed by Thomisidae with 19 species (14.4%) and 3South African Biosystematics Salticidae with 18 species (13.6%). Grassland and forest had distinct spider faunas, with only Institute, Pretoria, 24.2% of species being recorded from both biomes. The average number of species sampled South Africa per site in grassland and forest was 26 species for both habitats, although values for the two 4School of Biological and biomes are not directly comparable because different sampling methods were used. -
Cladistic Analysis Supports the Monophyly of the Neotropical Crab Spider Genus Epicadus and Its Senior Synonymy Over Tobias (Araneae : Thomisidae)
Invertebrate Systematics 2017, 31, 442–455 © CSIRO 2017 doi:10.1071/IS16074_AC Supplementary material Cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of the Neotropical crab spider genus Epicadus and its senior synonymy over Tobias (Araneae : Thomisidae) Miguel MachadoA,B, Renato A. TeixeiraA and Arno A. LiseA ALaboratório de Aracnologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Fig. S1. Strict consensus of the two most parsimonious trees under equally weighted analysis (length: 286 steps; consistency index (CI) = 32; retention index (RI) = 64). Fig. S2. Dorsal view of the prosoma of (A) Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929) and (B) E. caudatus; frontal view of the prosoma of (C) E. heterogaster and (D) Onocolus infelix (Mello-Leitão, 1941); sternum of (E) Stephanopoides sexmaculata Mello-Leitão, 1929 and (F) Phrynarachne ceylonica (O. Pickard- Cambridge, 1884) Scale bars = 0.5 mm (C, D). Fig. S3. Sternum setae of (A) Epicadus trituberculatus, (B) Borboropactus nyerere Benjamin, 2011 (C) Tmarus polyandrus Mello-Leitão, 1929 and (D) Onocolus intermedius (Mello-Leitão, 1929) prosoma setae of (E) Isala punctata L. Koch, 1876 and (F) T. polyandrus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (A, C, D, F); 0.05 mm (B, E). Fig. S4. Sternum of (A) Hedana ocellata Thorell, 1890; frontal view of the prosoma of (B) Epicadus trituberculatus; dorsal view of the prosoma of (C) Epicadus camelinus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) and (D) Stephanopis quinquetuberculata (Taczanowski, 1872) frontal view of the prosoma of (E) Stephanopoides sexmaculata and (F) Epicadus granulatus Banks, 1909.