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SANSA NEWS South African National Survey of Arachnida SANSA NEWS South African National Survey of Arachnida No. 21 MAY-SEPT 2014 SPIDER ATLASSING PROJECTS How many spiders are there in South Africa? scriptions of >100 new species presently being Inside this issue: The first South African spider was mentioned in prepared for publication. the literature by Petiver (1702). The first spiders Spider atlassing projects…...……....1 described from southern Africa were two arane- Considerable effort has been put into surveying Gauteng Province ……. …..2-3 id species, Pycnacantha tribulus (Fabricius, the Gauteng, Limpopo and Mpumalanga Prov- Limpopo Province ……….……….4 1781) and Caerostris sexcuspidata (Fabricius, inces through long-term surveys since 1967, North West Province …………….. .5 1793), while the first mygalomorph collected especially with the recent efforts by Stefan Foord Spiders in the news……...……….6-7 and described from the region was a thera- of the University of Venda. Sampling in the Free Student projects………..……......8-10 phosid, Mygale atra Latreille, 1832. Due to State started with the appointments of Leon Lotz New families, genera and species.11 colonial expansion, hundreds of specimens at the National Museum in Bloemfontein, and the New publications…………………..12 from Africa were dispatched to museums in effort increased with the appointment of Charles Spider open day………..………….12 France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Haddad at the University of the Free State and Last word…..……………………….13 the participation of his students in the SANSA Between 1700 and 1799, only 10 species were project, e.g. Robin Lyle and Rene Fourie. documented from South Africa (Fig. 1). The next century saw an increase to 360 species, The SANSA atlassing project has been gener- but the most species were described over the ously supported by the Spider Club of Southern following twenty years (1900-1920), when 739 Africa, members of the public and numerous species were added. students throughout the years. Student projects and other research projects’ bycatch material Most taxonomic research on South African have made significant contributions in providing Editors and coordinators: arachnids, undertaken during the period from material to SANSA, e.g. the Cederberg tran- 1820-1960, was based on the fauna of the sects. Members of the public contributing to the Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman coastal provinces, as most of the practicing Virtual Museum have provided valuable data on ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute arachnologists were stationed there. It was only the distribution of South Africa arachnids. Private Bag X134 in the late 1960s that the first long-term sam- Queenswood pling started in the central and northern prov- The first national check lists of South Africa 0121 inces of South Africa, with the appointment of spiders has been prepared for the ’South African South Africa Ansie Dippenaar at the ARC (then Department National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) in 2013 E-mail: [email protected] of Agriculture) in 1967. (SANSA NEWS 18: 1). A total of 2030 spp. from 70 families were listed. The discovery of new Charles Haddad The next peak in new species descriptions is species are still continuing and the latest Na- Department of Zoology & Entomology probably due to SANSA activities and the effort tional Spider List report on 2165 species from University of the Free State put into extensive sampling in the country. 73 families an increase of 135 species in one P.O. Box 339 Since 1990, about 112 genera were revised by year. A list will be published in the near future. Bloemfontein local and overseas arachnologists, resulting in 9300 the description of 530 new species, with de- Contact: Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman at Dip- South Africa [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] SA SPIDER COUNT SEPTEMBER 2014 2165 spider spp. Fig. 1. The number of South African species described between 1700-2014. 1= 1700-1799; 2= 1800-1899; 3=1900-1920; 4= 1921-1940; 5= 1941-1960; 6= 1961-1980; 7= 1981-1999; 8= 2000-2014 SANSA NEWS 21 SANSA ATLASSING SURVEYS GAUTENG PROVINCE TSWAING CRATER NATURE RESERVE Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman, Peter Webb and Vida van der Walt visited the Tswaing Crater Nature Reserve (TCNR) in April 2014 to sample spiders. The TCNR is situated 47 km north of Pretoria and was formerly known as Pretoria Saltpan (or Zaltpan). It is situated in the Savanna Biome and includes an extensive wetland system, a large variety of plant species, and herbivorous mammals such as kudu, impala and zebra. Tswaing is a prime example of an impact crater in South Afri- ca. This astrobleme is 1.13 km in diameter and 100 m deep, and the age is estimated to be 220,000 ± 52,000 years THOMISIDAE: Mystaria savannensis THOMISIDAE: Thomisus citrinellus (Pleistocene). The Tswaing Lake in the centre of the crater is 100 m in diameter, and is filled with water originating from rainfall and a natural spring. The lake once contained high concentrations of salt and soda ash that were mined for 44 years until 1956. The remains of the factory still stand near the lake. The TCNR is managed by the Northern Flagship Institution, Gauteng Nature Conservation and the City of Tshwane. The 1 946 hectare protected area is covered in dense bush and comprises mostly acacia bushveld, broad- leaved woodland and riverine vegetation. A large number of the spiders sampled during the visit were photographed by Peter, while Vida took care of all the sal- ticids. All the images were added to the SANSA Virtual Muse- ARANEIDAE: Cyrtophora citricola ARANEIDAE: Prasonica seriata um. From data in the National Collection of Arachnida (NCA), the TCNR checklist presently contains: 17 families 55 species. The Araneidae and Salticidae are the most diverse with 10 species each, followed by the Thomisidae with eight. In the summer the reserve will be sampled again. Contact: Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman at [email protected] ARANEIDAE: Cyphalonotus sp., possibly a new species ROODEPLAATDAM NATURE RESERVE The first surveys of spiders at the Roodeplaat Dam Nature Reserve (RDNR) near Pretoria were carried out over a 4-year period from January 1980 to August 1983. A total of 10 270 spiders were collected from grasses, herbs and trees. At that stage a total of 98 species from 27 families could be identi- fied (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 1989). Of all the spiders caught, 29 % belonged to the Tetragnathidae, 22 %to the Araneidae and 21 % to the Salticidae. Additional collecting by Gauteng Department of Agriculture SALTICIDAE: Pachyballus sp. and Rural Development (GDACE) were undertaken over the SALTICIDAE: Afromarengo bimaculata last few years, as well as a visit to the reserve by Ansie Dip- penaar-Schoeman, Peter Webb and Vida van der Walt in June 2014. Almost 100 species were added to the previous checklist and RDNR is now the type locality of five species. A total of 934 records have been added to the National Collec- tion of Arachnida and 33 images to the SANSA Virtual Muse- um. The Thomisidae are the most diverse family with 31 spe- cies, followed by the salticids with 28 species and the arane- ids with 27 species. This illustrates the importance to sample areas regularly. Presently the spider checklist of the reserve contains: 43 families SALTICIDAE: Myrmarachne uvira. THOMISIDAE: Ansiae sp. 143 genera FURTHER READING: 201 species DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN, A.S., VAN DEN BERG, A.M. & VAN DEN BERG, A. 1989. Species composition and relative seasonal abundance of spi- Contact: Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman at ders from the field and tree layers of the Roodeplaat Dam Nature Reserve. [email protected] Koedoe 32: 51-60. 2 SANSA NEWS 21 SANSA ATLASSING SURVEYS GAUTENG PROVINCE — continued IRENE GRASSLAND SURVEY Irene (25°53’29.81”S, 28°14’04.62”E) is a small village in Centurion, Tshwane, and home to Peter Webb and Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman. Over a period of six years, Peter visited a small pristine grassland area about 10 km from Irene (Fig. 1). The area where spiders were searched for is approximate- ly 1 km² in extent at an altitude of 1465 m a.s.l. The field slopes upwards from west to east, with the lowest point being the western boundary at 1450 m, climbing up to 1510 m in the far north eastern corner. The western boundary appears to be a little disturbed with alien weeds etc., possibly due to the houses on its border, but is still good habitat for insects and spiders in the summer. The area is on dolomite, and is a haven for many different species of grasses, with an abundance of wildflowers in the spring. Although trees are sparse, the odd Buffalo thorn, white stinkwood, dogwood, karee, taaibos and Grewia flava make it very typical Highveld grassland. Where there are clumps of trees there is often a very deep sinkhole in the centre. The climate Fig. 1 Grassland survey area near Irene is mild sub-tropical and the grassland is burnt on an annual basis, usually around July. The vast majority of collecting was by hand, but it also included occasional use of sweep-netting and pitfall traps. This small grassland turned out to house a diverse group of spiders, and so far > 200 species have been sam- pled. Several of them, e.g. members of the Prodidomidae: Prodidominae are possibly new to science (Fig. 3) , while several are first records for South Africa eg Apochinomma elongate (Fig. 4) and Gauteng (Orthobula radiata Fig. 5). It is so important that pristine areas like this be protected and not developed. Pe- ter photographed all the spiders and we now have a very valuable record of the spider fauna. To date, 347 images of spiders have been loaded on the SANSA Virtual Museum from this grassland area. The most diverse family is the Salticidae with 38 spp.
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