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Cladistic Analysis Supports the Monophyly of the Neotropical Crab Spider Genus Epicadus and Its Senior Synonymy Over Tobias (Araneae : Thomisidae)

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Cladistic Analysis Supports the Monophyly of the Neotropical Crab Spider Genus Epicadus and Its Senior Synonymy Over Tobias (Araneae : Thomisidae) Invertebrate Systematics 2017, 31, 442–455 © CSIRO 2017 doi:10.1071/IS16074_AC Supplementary material Cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of the Neotropical crab spider genus Epicadus and its senior synonymy over Tobias (Araneae : Thomisidae) Miguel MachadoA,B, Renato A. TeixeiraA and Arno A. LiseA ALaboratório de Aracnologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Fig. S1. Strict consensus of the two most parsimonious trees under equally weighted analysis (length: 286 steps; consistency index (CI) = 32; retention index (RI) = 64). Fig. S2. Dorsal view of the prosoma of (A) Epicadus pulcher (Mello-Leitão, 1929) and (B) E. caudatus; frontal view of the prosoma of (C) E. heterogaster and (D) Onocolus infelix (Mello-Leitão, 1941); sternum of (E) Stephanopoides sexmaculata Mello-Leitão, 1929 and (F) Phrynarachne ceylonica (O. Pickard- Cambridge, 1884) Scale bars = 0.5 mm (C, D). Fig. S3. Sternum setae of (A) Epicadus trituberculatus, (B) Borboropactus nyerere Benjamin, 2011 (C) Tmarus polyandrus Mello-Leitão, 1929 and (D) Onocolus intermedius (Mello-Leitão, 1929) prosoma setae of (E) Isala punctata L. Koch, 1876 and (F) T. polyandrus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (A, C, D, F); 0.05 mm (B, E). Fig. S4. Sternum of (A) Hedana ocellata Thorell, 1890; frontal view of the prosoma of (B) Epicadus trituberculatus; dorsal view of the prosoma of (C) Epicadus camelinus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) and (D) Stephanopis quinquetuberculata (Taczanowski, 1872) frontal view of the prosoma of (E) Stephanopoides sexmaculata and (F) Epicadus granulatus Banks, 1909. Fig. S5. Frontal view of the prosoma of (A) Epidius pallidus (Thorell, 1890), (B) Stephanopis quinquetuberculata and (C) Epicadus pulcher; (D) frontal view of the chelicerae of Epicadus caudatus; lateral view of the prosoma of (E) Stephanopis sp. and (F) Epicadus heterogaster. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (B, D). Fig. S6. Endites and labium of (A) Stephanopis sp. and (B) Epicadus camelinus; dorsal view of the prosoma of (C) Isala punctata and (D) Synalus angustus (L. Koch, 1876); (E) frontal view of the prosoma of Borboropactus nyerere; (F) cheliceral teeth of Epicadus caudatus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, E); 0.1 mm (F). Fig. S7. Photographs of the cheliceral teeth of (A) Stephanopoides sexmaculata and (B) Phrynarachne ceylonica; (C) transversal section of the patellae I and (D) ventral view of setae sockets on femur I of Epicadus pustulosus; anterior legs of (E) Stephanopis quinquetuberculata and (F) Coenypha edwardsi (Nicolet, 1849). Scale bars = 0.3 mm (B); 1 mm (D). Fig. S8. Tibia I of (A) Epicadinus trispinosus (Taczanowski, 1872) and (B) Phrynarachne ceylonica; tarsal claws of (C) Tmarus polyandrus and (D) Epicadus granulatus; tibial gutters and sensory pits of (E) Epicadus trituberculatus and (F) Epicadus pustulosus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B, E); 0.1 mm (C, F); 0.2 mm (D). Fig. S9. Dorsal view of the opisthosoma of (A) Epicadus trituberculatus, (B) Hedana ocellata and (C) Epicadus caudatus; (D) guanine stain on ventral surface of the opisthosoma of Epicadus trituberculatus; ventral view of the epigynum of (E) Onocolus infelix and (F) Stephanopis altifrons O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 (arrows indicate the position of copulatory openings). Scale bars = 0.3 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Fig. S10. (A) Epigynum of Epicadus caudatus; (B) ventral view of the epigynum of Stephanopis sp.; dorsal view of spermatechae of (C) Stephanopis quinquetuberculata, (D) Epicadinus trispinosus, (E) Tmarus polyandrus and (F) E. caudatus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B); 0.4 mm (C, F); 0.2 mm (D, E). Fig. S11. Retrolateral view of the left palp of (A) Sidymella lucida (Keyserling, 1880) and (B) Tmarus polyandrus; detail of the retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) + distal tibial apophysis (DTA) of Epicadus taczanowskii (C) and (D) RTA of Stephanopis quinquetuberculata; (E) grooved DTA of Onocolus infelix; (F) tibial macro-trichobothrium and macrosetae on male palp of S. lucida. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (A, C, D, F); 0.5 mm (B); 0.05 mm (E). Fig. S12. Ventral view of male palp of (A) Borboropactus nyerere (upper arrow indicates the conductor and bottom arrow indicates the median apophysis), (B) Epicadus camelinus, (C) Stephanopis ditissima (Nicolet, 1849) (arrow indicates the tegular ridge) and (D) Tmarus polyandrus (arrow indicates the pars pendula). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, C, D); 0.1 mm (B). Fig. S13. (A) Sternum of Tmarus polyandrus; (B) lateral profile of the prosoma of T. polyandrus evidencing the proclive clypeus; (C) ventral view of the mouthparts of Borboropactus nyerere showing macrosetae on the apex of the labium; (D) striped femur I of Epicadus pulcher; (E) patella I of Stephanopis quinquetuberculata (arrows indicate the pair of ventral macrosetae); (F) patella I of Epicadus rubripes (arrows indicate the median keel in this leg segment). Fig. S14. Detail of (A) metatarsus I of Borboropactus nyerere (arrows indicate the median line of plumose setae); (B) leg I of Sidymella lucida; (C) setae of the prosoma of B. nyerere; (D) setae of the prosoma of Stephanopis quinquetuberculata; (E) frontal view of the chelicerae of Epicadus taczanowskii (arrows indicate the areas with concentration of papules); (F) frontal view of the chelicerae of B. nyerere. Scale bars = 0.05 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D, E, F). Fig. S15. (A) Thoracic granules on the carapace of a male of Epicadus caudatus; (B) glabrous carapace of male Epicadus taczanowskii; epigynal plate of (C) Epicadus camelinus and (D) Epicadus granulatus; lateral view of prosoma of the (E) Synalus angustus and (F) Epicadus taczanowskii. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (C); 0.3 mm (D). .
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