A Comparative Study on Designating the Crown Prince of Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty and Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty
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Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 27, folder “State Visits - Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Ron Nessen donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 27 of The Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN ~ . .,1. THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN A Profile On the Occasion of The Visit by The Emperor and Empress to the United States September 30th to October 13th, 1975 by Edwin 0. Reischauer The Emperor and Empress of japan on a quiet stroll in the gardens of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Few events in the long history of international relations carry the significance of the first visit to the United States of the Em peror and Empress of Japan. Only once before has the reigning Emperor of Japan ventured forth from his beautiful island realm to travel abroad. On that occasion, his visit to a number of Euro pean countries resulted in an immediate strengthening of the bonds linking Japan and Europe. -
Guidance on the Use of Royal Arms, Names and Images
GUIDANCE ON THE USE OF ROYAL ARMS, NAMES AND IMAGES 1 The following booklet summarises the legal position governing the use, for commercial purposes, of the Royal Arms, Royal Devices, Emblems and Titles and of photographs, portraits, engravings, effigies and busts of The Queen and Members of the Royal Family. Guidance on advertising in which reference is made to a Member of the Royal Family, and on the use of images of Members of the Royal Family on articles for sale, is also provided. The Lord Chamberlain’s Office will be pleased to provide guidance when it is unclear as to whether the use of “Arms” etc., may give the impression that there is a Royal connection. 2 TRADE MARKS Section 4 (1) of the Trade Marks Act 1994 states: “A trade mark which consists of or contains – (a) the Royal arms, or any of the principal armorial bearings of the Royal arms, or any insignia or device so nearly resembling the Royal arms or any such armorial bearing as to be likely to be mistaken for them or it, (b) a representation of the Royal crown or any of the Royal flags, (c) a representation of Her Majesty or any Member of the Royal Family, or any colourable imitation thereof, or (d) words, letters or devices likely to lead persons to think that the applicant either has or recently has had Royal patronage or authorisation, shall not be registered unless it appears to the registrar that consent has been given by or on behalf of Her Majesty or, as the case may be, the relevant Member of the Royal Family.” The Lord Chamberlain's Office is empowered to grant the consent referred to in Section 4(1) on behalf of Her Majesty The Queen. -
Mao Zedong on Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute
No. 1 July 2020 毛泽东如何对待中印边界问题 Mao Zedong on Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute Translated by Hemant Adlakha Honorary Fellow, ICS, and Associate Professor, Centre for Chinese and Southeast Asian Studies, JNU, New Delhi [email protected] Summary Following PLA’s decisive victory over the Indian forces in the 1962 “self-defensive counter war,” Mao Zedong was asked to give his assessment of the PLA’s remarkable feat. Mao replied: “Shaking the mountain is easier, shaking PLA is not!” Translator’s Note Following the standoff between India and China along the LAC in Ladakh, just as it was during the Doklam standoff in the summer of 2017, select Party-run media outlets in particular and other mainstream official media in general in the P R China has been flooded with commentaries and articles on China‟s “self-defensive” counter-attack against India in 1962. Interestingly, a large number of these writings are focused on Mao Zedong as a brilliant war strategist and extraordinary military strategist. Needless to mention, the entire credit for China‟s victory in just 30 days and the PLA having taught a lesson to the Indian army, are attributed to great visionary Mao Zedong.The article below is one of many such commentaries. Source: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/150477992 Acknowledgement: I am indebted to Col. Gautam Das for his most valuable suggestions and for doing a quick preview of the translation – Translator. The ICS is an interdisciplinary research institution, which has a leadership role in the promotion of Chinese and East Asian Studies in India. ICS Translations aims to introduce views of the P R China scholars, analysts, and commentators coming from across disciplines. -
Coal and Wood
KING AND CLOAK MODEL STEPS INTO VENUS’ SHOES, 30DICE, ETC., AND OF PORTUGAL CROWN - PRINCE HARRY THAW INSANE, FINDS A PERFECT FIT. KILLED BY BAND OF ASSASSINS IN MATTEAWAN 1 C. W. ENNIS & Co. -r- SUCCESSORS TO ENNIS ft PARKHURST Men Armed With Carbines Intercept Royal Carriage In Found Not Guilty of Murderinn Lisbon and Send Hail of Bullets Against White Because He Was Crazy. SOLE AGENTS FOR ROCKWELL PLASTER the Monarch and His Family. Telephone Call 104 SENT AT ONCE TO ASYLUM QUEEN AMELIE TRIES TO SHIELD THE CROWN PRINCE ■Jury Deliberated Twenty-five Hour.I and at First Stood Fight to Fou* For Acquittal—No Writ For Re. Prince Manuel, the Second Son, Nineteen Years Old, Who Has Now Become lease Yet. King, Wounded—Guards Kill Three ot the Hegicldes. New Torfc City.—After deliber- ating twenty-five hours the jury Lisbon, Portugal.—King Carlos anil and revolvers were made in the Uni- which tried Harry Kendall Thaw for ted the Crown Prince Luiz Philippe were States. the second time for the murder of King Carlos first understood the assassinated here at 5 o'clock In the Stanford White on Madison Squaro danger and arose. His stout figure Roof Garden on the of June afternoon as the King with the other made an easy target for the assass- night 25, members of the royal family had ar- ins, so many bullets struck him and 1906, returned to the courtroom with he fell rived from Villaviciosa, where they heavily to the carriage floor. a verdict acquitting the prisoner of The Queen sprang to her feet, had attended the fair in accordance the crime on the ground that he was threw an arm around the Crown insane when he shot White. -
Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms WATCH
HUMAN RIGHTS THE HIGH COST OF CHANGE Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms WATCH The High Cost of Change Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms Copyright © 2019 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-37793 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org OCTOBER 2019 ISBN: 978-1-6231-37793 The High Cost of Change Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms Summary ............................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations ................................................................................................................7 To the Government of Saudi Arabia ........................................................................................ -
From Charlemagne to Hitler: the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire and Its Symbolism
From Charlemagne to Hitler: The Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire and its Symbolism Dagmar Paulus (University College London) [email protected] 2 The fabled Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire is a striking visual image of political power whose symbolism influenced political discourse in the German-speaking lands over centuries. Together with other artefacts such as the Holy Lance or the Imperial Orb and Sword, the crown was part of the so-called Imperial Regalia, a collection of sacred objects that connotated royal authority and which were used at the coronations of kings and emperors during the Middle Ages and beyond. But even after the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the crown remained a powerful political symbol. In Germany, it was seen as the very embodiment of the Reichsidee, the concept or notion of the German Empire, which shaped the political landscape of Germany right up to National Socialism. In this paper, I will first present the crown itself as well as the political and religious connotations it carries. I will then move on to demonstrate how its symbolism was appropriated during the Second German Empire from 1871 onwards, and later by the Nazis in the so-called Third Reich, in order to legitimise political authority. I The crown, as part of the Regalia, had a symbolic and representational function that can be difficult for us to imagine today. On the one hand, it stood of course for royal authority. During coronations, the Regalia marked and established the transfer of authority from one ruler to his successor, ensuring continuity amidst the change that took place. -
Why an American Quaker Tutor for the Crown Prince? an Imperial Household's Strategy to Save Emperor Hirohito in Macarthur's
WHY AN AMERICAN QUAKER TUTOR FOR THE CROWN PRINCE? AN IMPERIAL HOUSEHOLD’S STRATEGY TO SAVE EMPEROR HIROHITO IN MACARTHUR’S JAPAN by Kaoru Hoshino B.A. in East Asian Studies, Wittenberg University, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Pittsburgh 2010 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This thesis was presented by Kaoru Hoshino It was defended on April 2, 2010 and approved by Richard J. Smethurst, PhD, UCIS Research Professor, Department of History Akiko Hashimoto, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology Clark Van Doren Chilson, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Religious Studies Thesis Director: Richard J. Smethurst, PhD, UCIS Research Professor, Department of History ii Copyright © by Kaoru Hoshino 2010 iii WHY AN AMERICAN QUAKER TUTOR FOR THE CROWN PRINCE? AN IMPERIAL HOUSEHOLD’S STRATEGY TO SAVE EMPEROR HIROHITO IN MACARTHUR’S JAPAN Kaoru Hoshino, M.A. University of Pittsburgh, 2010 This thesis examines the motives behind the Japanese imperial household’s decision to invite an American Christian woman, Elizabeth Gray Vining, to the court as tutor to Crown Prince Akihito about one year after the Allied Occupation of Japan began. In the past, the common narrative of scholars and the media has been that the new tutor, Vining, came to the imperial household at the invitation of Emperor Hirohito, who personally asked George Stoddard, head of the United States Education Mission to Japan, to find a tutor for the crown prince. While it may have been true that the emperor directly spoke to Stoddard regarding the need of a new tutor for the prince, the claim that the emperor came up with such a proposal entirely on his own is debatable given his lack of decision-making power, as well as the circumstances surrounding him and the imperial institution at the time of the Occupation. -
The Road to Literary Culture: Revisiting the Jurchen Language Examination System*
T’OUNG PAO 130 T’oung PaoXin 101-1-3 Wen (2015) 130-167 www.brill.com/tpao The Road to Literary Culture: Revisiting the Jurchen Language Examination System* Xin Wen (Harvard University) Abstract This essay contextualizes the unique institution of the Jurchen language examination system in the creation of a new literary culture in the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). Unlike the civil examinations in Chinese, which rested on a well-established classical canon, the Jurchen language examinations developed in close connection with the establishment of a Jurchen school system and the formation of a literary canon in the Jurchen language and scripts. In addition to being an official selection mechanism, the Jurchen examinations were more importantly part of a literary endeavor toward a cultural ideal. Through complementing transmitted Chinese sources with epigraphic sources in Jurchen, this essay questions the conventional view of this institution as a “Jurchenization” measure, and proposes that what the Jurchen emperors and officials envisioned was a road leading not to Jurchenization, but to a distinctively hybrid literary culture. Résumé Cet article replace l’institution unique des examens en langue Jurchen dans le contexte de la création d’une nouvelle culture littéraire sous la dynastie des Jin (1115–1234). Contrairement aux examens civils en chinois, qui s’appuyaient sur un canon classique bien établi, les examens en Jurchen se sont développés en rapport étroit avec la mise en place d’un système d’écoles Jurchen et avec la formation d’un canon littéraire en langue et en écriture Jurchen. En plus de servir à la sélection des fonctionnaires, et de façon plus importante, les examens en Jurchen s’inscrivaient * This article originated from Professor Peter Bol’s seminar at Harvard University. -
Quantitative Dynamics of Human Empires
Quantitative Dynamics of Human Empires Cesare Marchetti and Jesse H. Ausubel FOREWORD Humans are territorial animals, and most wars are squabbles over territory. become global. And, incidentally, once a month they have their top managers A basic territorial instinct is imprinted in the limbic brain—or our “snake meet somewhere to refresh the hierarchy, although the formal motives are brain” as it is sometimes dubbed. This basic instinct is central to our daily life. to coordinate business and exchange experiences. The political machinery is Only external constraints can limit the greedy desire to bring more territory more viscous, and we may have to wait a couple more generations to see a under control. With the encouragement of Andrew Marshall, we thought it global empire. might be instructive to dig into the mechanisms of territoriality and their role The fact that the growth of an empire follows a single logistic equation in human history and the future. for hundreds of years suggests that the whole process is under the control In this report, we analyze twenty extreme examples of territoriality, of automatic mechanisms, much more than the whims of Genghis Khan namely empires. The empires grow logistically with time constants of tens to or Napoleon. The intuitions of Menenius Agrippa in ancient Rome and of hundreds of years, following a single equation. We discovered that the size of Thomas Hobbes in his Leviathan may, after all, be scientifically true. empires corresponds to a couple of weeks of travel from the capital to the rim We are grateful to Prof. Brunetto Chiarelli for encouraging publication using the fastest transportation system available. -
Marie Antoinette
Louis XVII - CHILD PRISONER 0. Louis XVII - CHILD PRISONER - Story Preface 1. A ROYAL CHILDHOOD 2. THE YOUNG ANTOINETTE 3. WEDDING at the PALACE of VERSAILLES 4. DEATH of LOUIS XV 5. A GROWING RESENTMENT 6. CHILDREN of MARIE ANTOINETTE 7. THE DIAMOND NECKLACE AFFAIR 8. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 9. EXECUTION of LOUIS XVI 10. THE GUILLOTINE 11. TRIAL of MARIE ANTOINETTE 12. MARIE ANTOINETTE and the GUILLOTINE 13. Louis XVII - CHILD PRISONER 14. DNA EVIDENCE and LOUIS XVII Jean-Louis Prieur (1759-1795) created this illustration of Louis-Charles, the French Dauphin, depicting his treatment in prison. The title of this 1794 work is: Simon le cordonnier et Louis XVII au Temple (“Simon the Shoemaker and Louis XVII at the Temple”). Once his father was executed, royalists referred to the Dauphin as King Louis XVII. The illustration is maintained at the BnF and is online via Gallica (the BnF’s digitized gallery). Louis-Charles, the orphaned son of a king and—to royalists—a king (Louis XVII) himself, would have been better off had his captors simply killed him. Instead, he endured unimaginable conditions in Temple prison, existing in a room above his sister. When first imprisoned, he was a bright, good-looking child: ...his blue eyes, aquiline nose, elevated nostrils, well-defined mouth, pouting lips, chestnut hair parted in the middle and falling in thick curls on his shoulders, resembled his mother before her years of tears and torture. All the beauty of his race, by both descents, seemed to reappear in him. (Campan, Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Supplement to Chapter IX - scroll down 60%.) An acquaintance of Robespierre, Antoine Simon (often called "Simon the shoemaker"), was charged with caring for the young prince. -
`` `` Le Testament De M. Le Prince Mit Un Feu Dans Sa Famille
“ “ Le testament de M. Le prince mit un feu dans sa famille ”, Brouilles, procès et tentatives de conciliation autour de la succession d’Henri-Jules de Bourbon-Condé (1709-1727) ”, Aurélie Chatenet-Calyste To cite this version: Aurélie Chatenet-Calyste. “ “ Le testament de M. Le prince mit un feu dans sa famille ”, Brouilles, procès et tentatives de conciliation autour de la succession d’Henri-Jules de Bourbon-Condé (1709- 1727) ”,. Jérôme VIRET (dir.), Le gouvernement domestique, actes du colloque du 28 avril 2017, Presses Historiques de l’Est, Metz, 2018., 2018. hal-01958788 HAL Id: hal-01958788 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01958788 Submitted on 18 Aug 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. « Le testament de M. le Prince mit un feu dans sa famille », Brouilles, procès et tentatives de conciliation autour de la succession d’Henri-Jules de Bourbon-Condé (1709-1727) Aurélie Chatenet-Calyste, Université de Lorraine, Metz, CRULH, EA 345 Version avant publication « Le testament de M. le Prince mit un feu dans sa famille »1, c’est par cette formule qu’en avril 1709 le marquis de Dangeau débute la relation des conflits qui ont secoué la famille de Bourbon après la mort d’Henri-Jules de Bourbon, prince de Condé. -
Charlemagne: the First Holy Roman Emperor
Charlemagne: The First Holy Roman Emperor - Papacy, Pope Leo III, Charlemagne, Cooperate Charlemagne: The First Holy Roman Emperor Papacy, Pope Leo III, Charlemagne, Cooperate Medieval Europe Unit This article is brought to you by the year 800 C.E. Great news! I am going to make you leader of your class. Everyone will have to do everything you say. There's just one catch. You have to listen to everything another kid wants you to do. If he does not like you, he's going to choose someone else. You get to rule . until he says you cannot. Sound fun? Kind of? This is kind of what it was like to rule in the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire was much smaller than the original Roman Empire and only had land in Europe. At this time, the people listened to everything the leaders of the church said. This meant that the church got to choose who would lead the people. The Catholic Church held a lot of power in the Middle Ages. Most people at that time who lived in Europe were a part of the church. This meant that most of the people who lived here thought the head of the church was the most important person in the world. The Papacy is the office of the pope, who is the head of the church. This office had so much power, it played a part in deciding who would rule the people. It had not always worked this way. Before this, the ruler was chosen based on who his or her parents were.