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BIOLOGY of SUGARCANE EARLY SHOOT BORER, Chilo Infuscatellus SNELLEN (CRAMBIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) in SOUTH GUJARAT CONDITION

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BIOLOGY of SUGARCANE EARLY SHOOT BORER, Chilo Infuscatellus SNELLEN (CRAMBIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) in SOUTH GUJARAT CONDITION AGRES – An International e-Journal , (2014)Vol. 3, Issue 4: 418-422 ISSN 2277-9663 ___________________________________________________________________________ BIOLOGY OF SUGARCANE EARLY SHOOT BORER, Chilo infuscatellus SNELLEN (CRAMBIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) IN SOUTH GUJARAT CONDITION *KALARIYA, G. B. AND RADADIA, G. G. NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY NAVSARI-396 450 (GUJARAT, INDIA) *E-MAIL: [email protected] _____________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Investigation carried out during 2009 on biology of sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen revealed that the female laid eggs in a several masses on the ventral/dorsal surface of leaves close to the midrib. The egg laying capacity was 222 to 488 and incubation period ranged from 4 to 6 days with an average of 4.76 + 0.66 days. The larva passed through five instars and total larval period ranged from 19 to 24 days with an average of 21.36 + 1.32 days. Pupation was inside stem in silken cocoon and the pupal duration varied from 6 to 8 days with an average of 7.16 + 0.62 days. Total life cycle occupied 28.50 to 36.50 days with an average of 32.60 + 4.07 days. The sex ratio of male to female was found 1: 2.1. KEY WORDS: Biology, Chilo infuscatellus, Sugarcane INTRODUCTION severely taking a toll of over 70 per Sugarcane is an important cent shoots (Prasad Rao et al., 1991). commercial cash crop grown in India, In view to develop of an effective supporting the second large agro-based management strategy, it was felt industry. Gujarat occupies an area of necessary to study the biology of 208 thousand hectares with an average sugarcane early shoot borer to know productivity of 81.0 t/ha (Anonymous, the weak link and behavior of insect. 2009). More than a dozen pests were MATERIALS AND METHODS recorded as major pests in sugarcane. The biology of sugarcane early Among these, borers are one of the shoot borer, C. infuscatellus was major groups having wide distribution. studied in the Department of In South Gujarat, early shoot borer, Entomology, N. M. College of Chilo infuscatellus Snellen and top Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural shoot borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis University, Navsari, Gujarat, India Walker attack sugarcane at during 2009. Large number of larvae germination and tillering stage of crop were collected from sugarcane field of growth and cause severe loss. Among Regional Sugarcane Research Station the five borers, early shoot borer is a and brought to the laboratory for the key pest in South Gujarat, India. further multiplication. They were According to Avasthy and Tiwari reared in the glass jars. All the larval (1986), the early shoot borer causing instars were reared with fresh soft cane economic loss up to 60 per cent. The setts (6 to 8 cm length). Larva was pest infesting rainfed sugarcane crop inserted into the cavity made on one www.arkgroup.co.in Page 418 AGRES – An International e-Journal , (2014)Vol. 3, Issue 4: 418-422 ISSN 2277-9663 ___________________________________________________________________________ side of the cane, on the next day larva incubation period varied from 4 to 6 come out from the other end by days with an average of 4.76 + 0.66 feeding internal content. The same days. The hatching percentage of egg procedure was followed until the of C. infuscatellus varied from 83.33 to formation of pupa. Pupae obtained 100 per cent with an average of 89.73 were kept in separate petri-dish (one + 2.99 per cent. pupa in one petri-dish) for adult The sugarcane shoot borer emergence. Females were slightly larvae were moulted four time and pass bigger than the male moths. Antennae through five instars. The freshly were lamellate and flat in male and hatched larva was minute and dirty filiform in female. Based on that marks grey with black head. The black dots of identification, the newly emerged were present on abdominal tubercles. male and female moth from the pupae First instar larvae wandered for a few were released in pairs, in glass jars in hours and reached the base of the stem which cotton swabs were dipped in to by crawling or hanging by a silken 2 per cent sugar solution was kept as a thread. After forming spinnerets, the source of food. Sugarcane plantlet was larvae dispersed with help of wind to kept in a glass jar for enhancing surrounding plants. The second instar oviposition by female moth. The larva was showed dirty white in colour female laid eggs on lower/upper with black head and prominent dark surface of leaves of plantlet and this lines on dorsal portion. The third instar plantlet was carefully transferred in larva was more distinct as compared to hatching jar. The plantlet was watered that of the second instar larva and as and when required. The open end of having dark brown head. The fourth hatching jar was covered with muslin instar larva was found dirty white in cloth tied with rubber ring. Duration colour with dark brown head. The of different stages of early shoot borer abdominal segments were larger than was recorded based on variation in size third instar larva. The five violet of the body, morphological features stripes were observed on body of along with moulted skin. Fecundity larvae. One on dorsal surface, one pair was documented by releasing 25 pairs each on the sub dorsal and lateral of male and female moth in 25 glass surface of the body. The black spots jars with sugarcane plantlet for were also observed on the tubercles, oviposition. Plantlet was replaced daily which were present on eight abdominal until the death of adults in view to segments. The fifth instar larva was record the average egg laying capacity dirty white in colour with dark brown of a female. head with five violet stripes up to RESULTS AND DISCUSSION second thoracic to eight abdominal The female laid 2 to 4 over segment. The crochets on the prolegs lapping eggs rows parallel to midrib. were arranged in the form of The freshly laid eggs were transparent incomplete circle which open towards initially, later on turn to creamy white outside. The body measured from in colour and chorion colourless and 23.82 to 24.15 mm in length with an transparent. The empty egg cells were average of 24.02 + 0.10 mm and the conspicuous white, remain attached to width 3.46 to 4.50 mm with an average the leaf. The eggs were oval and of 3.56 + 0.21 mm. The total larval flattened dorsoventrally. An individual period ranged from 19 to 24 days with egg was measured and incubation an average of 21.36 + 1.32 days (Table period calculated (Table 1 and 2). The 1 and 2). Gupta (1940) reported that www.arkgroup.co.in Page 419 AGRES – An International e-Journal , (2014)Vol. 3, Issue 4: 418-422 ISSN 2277-9663 ___________________________________________________________________________ the larval period lasted for 16 to 30 This information is useful to days in field and 21 days under plan the management strategy based on laboratory condition. weak link and insect behavior. The pupa was obtect type. CONCLUSION Newly formed pupa was elongated, The female of sugarcane early slender and yellowish to dark brown in shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen colour. The genital aperture was laid 222 to 488 eggs in several masses situated on the ventral side of eighth on the ventral/dorsal surface of leaves abdominal segment in the form of slit close to the midrib. The egg period, in female. The genital aperture was larval period and pupal duration 4 to 6 situated on the raised oval sclerite with days, 19 to 24 days and 6 to 8, linear depression in the middle of ninth respectively. Total life cycle occupied abdominal segment. Generally, one 28.50 to 36.50 days and sex ratio of pupa was formed inside the seedling. male to female was found 1: 2.1. Pupation took place in stem near the REFERENCES outer most leaf sheath in a silken Anonymous (2009). Statistics. Indian cocoon. The average size of the male Sugarcane, 49(7): 79-97. and female pupae was measured and Avasthy, P. N. and Tiwari, N. K. pupal duration was recorded (Table 1 (1986). The shoot borer, Chilo and 2). infuscatellus Snellen. In The female moth was light “Sugarcane Entomology in straw to brownish in colour without India” Eds. David, H; any darker markings on the outer edge Easwaramoorthy, S. and of the fore wings and the hind wings Jayanthi, R. Sugarcane were grayish white in colour. The male Breeding Institute, Combatore. moth was having light straw to pp 69-92. brownish grey colour fore wing with Gupta, B. D. (1940). The anatomy, dark marking on the outer edge and life and seasonal histories of grayish white hind wings. The body striped moth borers of length and wing expanse of the male sugarcane in north Bihar and and female moths were measured and west U. P. Indian J. Agric. Sci., given in Table 1. Adult longevity of 10: 787-817. male and female moths was varied Prasad Rao, V. L. V.; Sambasiva Rao, from 3 to 4 and 3 to 5 days, S. and Venugopala Rao, N. respectively. The sex ratio of male to (1991). Factors influencing female was found 1: 2.1. infestation of early shoot borer It is also noted from the data (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen) in that fecundity ranged from 222 to 488 sugarcane. Cooperative Sugar., eggs per female. The egg hatching was 22: 515-521. ranged 89.73 to 100 per cent and total Sunil Kumar, K.; Uma Maheswari, T. life cycle of the pest from egg to adult and Venugopala Rao, N.
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