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Fiche De Présentation Illustrée LE LIVRE L’INVENTION DE LA TOUR EUROPÉENNE OUVRAGE CRÉÉ PAR LE PAVILLON DE L’ARSENAL MAI 2009 Sous la direction de INGRID TAILLANDIER ARCHITECTE, ENSEIGNANTE OLIVIER NAMIAS ARCHITECTE, JOURNALISTE avec JEAN-FRANÇOIS POUSSE couverture du livre JOURNALISTE CONCEPTION GRAPHIQUE DE L’OUVRAGE Intégral Ruedi Baur Paris L’invention de la tour européenne date du début du XXe siècle et vient renouveler le développement de nos villes. Cet ouvrage raconte cette histoire récente, ses spécificité architecturales et urbaines et analyse plus particulièrement les discussions et projets en cours dans plus de 9 métropoles européennes. Ce livre rassemble de nombreuses contribu- tions d’architectes, d’ingénieurs, de sociolo- gues, ... : Klaus Daniels, Jean-Marc Jaeger, Soline Nivet, Catherine Sabbah, Denis Thélot, Philippe Samyn, Jean-Louis Violeau et Jean-Marc Weill, et celles de correspondants pour l’analyse des 9 métropoles : Géry Leloutre, Bruxelles / Peter Bishop, Londres / Manu Rubio, Madrid / Cecilia Bolognesi, Mi- lan / Ingrid Tallandier, Paris / Martin Aarts, Rotterdam / Rudolf Schicker, Vienne L’INVENTION DE LA TOUR EUROPÉENNE Ouvrage créé par le Pavillon de l’Arsenal Co-édition Pavillon de l’Arsenal et A.& J. Picard Collection 19x30 / 450 pages / Prix TTC : 49 euros ISBN 978-2-35487-007-2 (PA) ISBN 978-2-7084-0843-2 (Picard) —IlL. 9 Hôtel Wesbury, Bruxelles, Robert Goffaux avec Charles Heywang, architectes, 1963. —IlL. 6 comporte de nombreuses courbes, et les fenêtres à la Les nuages, Wesbury Hotel, Nanterre, Brussels, 1963 forme d’œil ou de gout te d’eau, sans menuiserie, sont Émile Aillaud, Architect: Robert fabriquées sur mesure pour ce bâtiment. Les fresques Goffaux with architecte, 1978. monumentales de Fabio Rieti renforcent le caractère L’opération Charles Heywang. compte 1 607 Publicité Hôtel unitaire de l’ensemble ; elles sont aussi des tentatives logements Westbury, d’introduire une œuvre d’art et un propos sur la poly- coll. Georges sociaux pensés chromie à l’échelle globale du paysage urbain. Quant comme une œuvre Binder / Buildings plastique & Data sa aux ensembles de logements de Fernand Pouillon à grande échelle. (Pan tin, Montrouge, Boulogne-Billancourt, Meudon-la- Nanterre, —IlL. 10 Forêt), s’ils ne relèvent pas à proprement parler du Clouds towers, Brussels Hilton, sec teur social mais bien de la promotion privée, ils 1978. Émile Bruxelles, Aillaud, architect. Henri Montois, réutilisent le système de barre et de tour en améliorant an architect to his project manager in 1967 -15. Re con­ The operation architecte, 1967. le traitement des espaces publics et en augmentant la counted 1607 social struction, however, provides an opportunity to experi­ —IlL. 7 Brussels Hilton, qualité de la construction, avec un large recours à la —IlL. 5 apartments Brussels, 1967. TOURS DE BUREAUX ment with new methods of construction, and conceive that were thought Hôtel de Ville pierre de taille -20. de Grenoble, Architect: Dans les tours of, perhaps too seldom, new kinds of social housing. of as a grand Henri Montois. de bureaux, scale work of Maurice Novarina, Aillaud, Pouillon, and Le Corbusier explore new typolo­ architecte, 1967. © Bauters sprl, les investigations the plastic arts. coll. Georges typologiques gies in projects, whether completed or not. Hoping to dr Town Hall DE of Grenoble, Binder / Buildings sont contraintes compensate for the lack of housing in the Paris region, Maurice Novarina, & Data sa par l’obligation Le Corbusier proposed, in 1950 and of his own initiative, architect, 1967. l’inDIFFÉRENCE d’éclairer dr naturellement the construction of 2000 residences on a site that is cur­ chaque poste rently occupied by the zup (urban development zone) of de travail, la Beauval, in Meaux. This new suburban district is marked —IlL.8 AU minimisation Préfecture des distances by a new architectural object -16. Baptised “the singles de Nanterre, —IlL. 1 à parcourir tower” —IlL. 2 -5 this building was supposed to be one André Wogenscky, REJET en cas d’incendie of four units in a complex consisting of the “radiant architecte, 1972. À la fin des années 1960, la tour est partout dans la et le rôle porteur La tour est investie des cages city”. Little is known about this circular­shaped project. par les pouvoirs construction —IlL. 7-10. Environ 120 000 Français lo - de circulation The apartments were reduced to triangular cells. They publics en quête gent dans des immeubles de plus de 50 mètres et verticale. were spread along a ramp, in the image of New York’s de symbolique. 220 000 y travaillent. En 1972, on dénombrait 206 igh OFFICE TOWERS Nanterre Prefecture, Guggenheim museum or the Saint­Etienne building (une nouvelle appellation apparue avec le décret n°67- In office towers, André Wogenscky typological —IlL. 6 called “the Chalet of Bizillon” built by Auguste Bossu -17. architect. 1972. 1063 du 15 novembre 1967) en France dont 46 à Paris, 45 investigations are Revolving around a large void that reaches to the top of The tower was en région parisienne et 115 en province. En 1973, ce limited by the taken over by public the building, the ramp forms a continuous flooring that total passait à 223, suite à la réalisation de 17 igh sup- obligation to administrations naturally illuminate connects the ground to the floor of the residences. The searching plémentaires en province -21. La tour est utilisée pour —IlL. 2 each work station, shift in level for each entry is reflected in each cell, gen­ for symbolism. une grande variété de programmes, allant des bureaux to minimise the dr erating a lively façade punctuated by the apartments’ aux logements, en passant par les hôtels, les universi- distances to cover in the event of projections -18. With other residential complexes of the tés -22 ou les hôpitaux. Les pouvoirs publics, par le biais fire and the load Paris region – the Grande Borne (Grigny), the Cité de des administrations, s’investissent dans cette forme bearing role of the l’Abreuvoir, and the Cité aux Courtilières – Emile Aillaud hautement symbolique. La tour devient cité adminis- vertical circulation stairwells. introduced a new typology for towers that alternates trative à Bordeaux -23, mairie à Grenoble -24, préfecture —IlL. 1 tripod and circular­shaped towers. These polychrome à Nanterre -25. Elle se diffuse dans les en droits les plus kpf, architectes. objects anticipated his main work in the field of resi­ inattendus comme à Tulle, préfecture de la Corrèze The Pinnacle, —IlL. 5 dential high­rises, the Nanterre towers —IlL. 6. Though forte de 15 000 habitants -26. La tour loge les riches et Londres, 2013. Ateliers —IlL. 3 © kpf Jean Nouvel, mocked by contemporaries, these dungeon­shaped les pauvres. Elle peut être mixte. Un ouvrage de théorie —IlL. 2 architectes. —IlL. 7 towers introduced numerous innovations -19. The load­ rédigé par deux architectes suisses allemands la préco- De Mailly, Depussé, Torre Agbar, bearing façade is made from a sliding scaffolding, and nisent pour toutes les villes européennes de plus de architectes. Barcelone, 2005. Tour Nobel, Paris, © Ateliers the number of apartments is limited to 5 per floor. The 100 000 habitants -27. Elle semble pas sionner les archi- 1966. Jean Nouvel apartment layouts include many curves, while windows tectes et ne susciter auprès du public qu’une bien- In Éric Lapierre, —IlL. 6 without any woodwork are shaped as eyes or drops of veillante indifférence -28. Elle est dans la logique de la Identification Foster + Partners, d’une ville, Pavillon architectes. water and were made to measure for the building. marche du progrès. La rénovation du secteur Mont- de l’Arsenal / Picard, Swiss Re building, Fabio Rieti’s monumental frescos reinforce the unitary parnasse -29 est votée à l’unanimité, à main levée, par 2002 Londres, 2004. character of the whole; they are also an attempt to le conseil municipal en 1957 -30, et si par la suite ce —IlL. 3 © Foster + Partners hpp, architectes. —IlL. 7 introduce a work of art and a statement on polychromy même conseil s’abstient d’approuver à l’unanimité les Tyssenhaus, kpf, architectes. at the more global scale of the urban landscape. As for constructions de quartiers de tours, c’est plus souvent Düsseldorf, 1960. Heron Tower, Fernand Pouillon’s residential complexes (Pantin, Mont­ par souci de préserver des changements de population, dr Londres, 2011. —IlL. 4 © kpf rouge, Boulogne­Billancourt, Meu don­la­Forêt), if they qui annoncent des changements de résultat électoral. Massimiliano & —IlL. 8 are not so much the product of the “social sector” as Cet enthousiasme prendra fin dès le début des années Doriana Fuksas, Foster + Partners, that of private promoters; they take the combination 1970. La remise en question de la tour se joue sur un architectes. Twin architectes. Towers, Vienne, Commerzbank block­and­tower, and improve the use of public space, double plan symbolique et pratique, dans l’ensemble 2001. tower, Francfort, thereby increasing the quality of construction with de la sphère occidentale qui avait promu cette innova- © Massimiliano 1997. much recourse to cut stone -20. tion archi tec turale. —IlL. 4 Fuksas architetto © Foster + Partners —IlL. 8 54 55 220 221 extraits du livre extraits du livre 1 2 1 9 0 2 9 1 9 2 1 0 9 9 8 0 2 1 6 9 AMSTERDAM, PAYS-BAS 1 PARIS - LA DÉFENSE, FRANCE 2 › LA DÉFENSE MADRID, ESPAGNE 7 IJ TOREN 1 MAJUNGA LONDRES, PUERTA DE EUROPA FRANCFORT, ALLEMAGNE ROYAUME-UNI Dans ce quartier de Java, VIENNE, AUTRICHE towers will draw attention to the new development: vertical circulation. Connected to 1 › BANKING CENTRE staggered on the diagonal, they create an interesting the south-west side of the Tate 1, the Tate 2 Leur inclinaison de 15° sur le Paseo de facing the gardens which are planted with architecturalement captivant, la tour › DONAU CITY À quelques mètres au sud de la tour TATE MODERN 2 signale le rond-point, qu’elle domine void, interacting with their surroundings, and Ariane, le projet Majunga, comme ceux expands the former’s surfaces by 60 % la Castellana est impressionnante.
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