DOCSLIB.ORG

Exploring Ways of Including Human Rights Narratives of Refugees In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Exploring Ways of Including Human Rights Narratives of Refugees in Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding Processes Through Storytelling: Narratives from Dukwi Refugee Camp by Mavis N. Matenge A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Peace and Conflict Studies University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2013 by Mavis N. Matenge Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES, IMAGES AND MAPS………….…………………………………………………….....v ACRONYMS…………………………………………………………………………………………………vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………….....vii DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………………………viii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………..........ix CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….........1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………….........1 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE………………………………………………………………………………...5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS……………………………………………………………………………..…….5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY………………………………………………………………………..........6 STUDY LIMITATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………...8 CHAPTERS OVERVIEW………………………………………………………………………………........9 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………………10 CHAPTER 2 – CONTEXT - VIOLENT CONFLICTS, TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSIONS AND REFUGEE MOVEMENTS……………………………………………………..11 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………...11 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA’S POST-COLONIAL VIOLENT CONFLICTS…………………………........12 A continent at war with itself…………………………………………………….....................................12 AFRICA’S TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSIONS………………………………................16 Transitioning towards Peace and Justice…………………………………………………………….......16 Defining Truth and Reconciliation Commissions…………………………………………………….......19 Operationalizing Africa’s Truth Commissions……………………………………………………….......20 Participation of Refugee Communities in Truth Commissions……………………………………….......24 Steps Taken by the Liberian and Kenyan Commissions to Document Refugees’ Human Rights Stories.24 The case of Liberia………………………………………………………………………………….25 Benefits of participation - Liberian refugees in Ghana………………………………………......…28 Inclusion of refugees - implications for the Liberian commission……………………………….…30 The case of Kenya………………………………………………………………………………..….30 Benefits of participation – Kenyan refugees in Uganda………………………………………....….33 Inclusion of refugees - implications for the Kenyan commission……………………………….….34 Lessons from the Liberian and Kenyan experiences…………………………………………… ….35 THE HUMAN RIGHTS REALITY OF REFUGEES………………………………………………………...37 Violence and the Human Rights Reality of Refugees……………………………………………………...37 Global Refugee Framework………………………………………………………………………….........38 African Refugee Framework………………………………………………………………………………39 SOUTHERN AFRICAN REFUGEE MOVEMENTS, BOTSWANA AND DUKWI REFUGEE CAMP…………………………………………………………………………………………………………40 Evolution of Refugee Movements in Southern Africa and Botswana……………………………………...41 A Country of Refuge - Botswana and Dukwi Refugee Camp……………………………………………...42 Demographic Profile of the Refugee Camp Population in Botswana……………………………………..43 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………………..46 CHAPTER 3 – LITERATURE REVIEW……..............................................................................................48 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………..48 TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE…………………………………………………………………………………...49 Defining Transitional Justice……………………………………………………………………………….49 Relationship between Transitional Justice and Human Rights…………………………………………………50 The Origin, Evolution and Application of Transitional Justice…………………………………………….53 Mechanisms of Transitional Justice………………………………………………………………………...57 Dilemma for Transitional Justice – The Debate between Peace and Justice………………………………59 i The Case for Transitional Justice…………………………………………………………………………....61 TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSIONS………………………………………………………….62 Defining Truth Commissions………………………………………………………………............................62 Establishing Authorities of Commissions…………………………………………………………………….63 Purpose and Objectives of Truth Commissions………………………………………………………………64 Places Where Truth Commissions Have Been Used………………………………………………………….65 Truth Commissions as Instruments that Promote Reconciliation, Forgiveness and Healing………………..66 Truth commissions and reconciliation…………………………………………………………………..66 Truth commissions and national reconciliation…………………………………………………………70 Truth commissions and forgiveness……………………………………………………………………..73 The act of forgiveness…………………………………………………………………………………...74 Shortcomings of truth commissions……………………………………………………………………..77 Benefits of truth and commissions……………...……………………………………………………….79 STORYTELLING………………………………………………………………………………………………...80 Defining Storytelling…………………………………………………………………………………………..81 Storytelling and Truth Commissions……………………………………………………………………..........85 Storytelling and Peacebuilding…………………………………………………………….………………….86 PEACEBUILDING AND POST-VIOLENCE SOCIETIES…………………………………...………………....88 Defining Peacebuilding……………………………………………………………………..…………………88 Peacebuilding in Post-violence Societies…………………………………………………...…………………92 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………….…………………....94 CHAPTER 4 – METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………………………96 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………….……………………....96 RESEARCH STRATEGY……………………………………………………………………………………….....98 Qualitative Research Strategy…………………………………………………….……………………….........98 Narrative Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………….....99 Rationale for Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………...101 PARTICIPANTS AND LOCATION ………………………………………………………………………………106 Location……………………………………………………………………………………………………........106 Participants Demography…………………………………………………………………………………….....109 PROCEDURES…………………………………………………………………………………………………......112 Selection of Participants…………………………………………………………………..………………….....112 Data Gathering Techniques…………………………………………………………………………..………....113 Research Instruments……………………………………………………………………………………………115 Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………117 Ethics Approval and Maintaining Confidentiality……………………………………………………………....118 Validation and Reliability……………………………………………………………….……………………....122 ROLE OF RESEARCHER AND MY REFLECTIONS……………………………………………………………123 The Researcher’s Role……………………………………………………………….……………………….....123 Personal Reflection of My Field Work Journey……………………………………………….………………..125 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………….……………………….127 CHAPTER 5 - REFUGEES’ HUMAN RIGHTS NARRATIVES AND THEIR LIVED CAMP EXPERIENCES …………………………………………………………………………………………………..129 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………….…………………….129 HUMAN RIGHTS JOURNEYS……………………………………………………………………………………131 Life Before Persecution………………………………………………………………………………………….131 Encountering Persecution……………………………………………………………………………………….134 Types of Persecution Faced……………………………………………………………………………………..137 Fleeing Persecution……………………………………………………………………………………………...145 LIVED EXPERIENCES AS CAMP REFUGEES……………………………………………………………….....150 Life after Persecution in Countries of Origin…………………………………………………………………...150 Living as camp refugees…………………………………………………………………………………...150 ii Human rights struggles experienced as camp refugees: Day-to-day life…………………………………..151 Human rights struggles experienced as camp refugees: Labelling refugees………………………………154 Human rights struggles experienced as camp refugees: Socioeconomic challenges………………………156 Human rights struggles experienced as camp refugees: Challenges of gender rights and inequalities……158 Human rights struggles experienced as camp refugees: Overcoming struggles through resiliency……….160 Human rights struggles experienced as camp refugees: Lessons from our struggles……………………...162 Human rights struggles experienced as camp refugees: Fears, hopes and dreams for the future………….169 DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS…………………………………………………………………………………...173 The Human Rights Link………………………………………………………………………………………….174 Human Rights Storytelling Link…………………………………………………………………………………175 Peacebuilding Link………………………………………………………………………………………………178 Truth Commissions’ Link………………………………………………………………………………………..179 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………………...184 CHAPTER 6 - THE NEXUS BETWEEN REFUGEES, TRUTH COMMISSIONS AND PEACEBUILDING………………………………………………………………………………………………...185 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………..185 PERSONAL JOURNEYS TOWARDS POST-VIOLENCE HEALING AND FORGIVENESS………………….185 Personal Struggles Experienced on the Path Towards Healing………………………………………………...186 Journeying Towards Healing……………………………………………………………………………………189 Personal Struggles Experienced on the Path Towards Forgiveness……………………………………………192 Journeying Towards Forgiveness………………………………………………………………………………..194 PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF TRUTH COMMISSIONS………………………………….197 Perceived Benefits of Truth Commissions……………………………………………………………………….197 Perceived Limitations of Truth Commissions…………………………………………………………………...202 THE ROAD TOWARDS NATIONAL RECONCILIATION……………………………………………………...204 The Value of National Reconciliation…………………………………………………………………………...205 Challenges to National Reconciliation………………………………………………………………………….207 DEFINING AND BUILDING PEACE……………………………………………………………………………..211 What is Peace? .....................................................................................................................................................212 Towards Living in Peaceful Coexistence: Preventing Conflict and Human Rights Abuses………………….…215 Peace education……………………………………………………………………………………………215 Acceptance………………………………………………………………………………………………....216 Justice……………………………………………………………………………………………………...217
Recommended publications
  • Download Download

    Download Download

    ARTICLE A LOOK AT THE REASONS BEHIND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MOVEMENTS AIMED AT RESUSCITATING THE NDEBELE/MTHWAKAZI KINGDOM IN POST-COLONIAL ZIMBABWE Njabulo B. Khumalo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-408X National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe [email protected] ABSTRACT The resuscitation of the Ndebele kingdom has been a topical issue in Zimbabwe. The Ndebele kingdom, which was established by king Mzilikazi ka MaShobana was destroyed by white settlers during the reign of his son Lobengula. The years following the colonisation of Zimbabwe saw a number of efforts being made to liberate the country. The liberation struggle came to an end in 1980 when Zimbabwe, a country which came to being as a result of nationalists was liberated and the black majority assumed power. However, there have been growing calls for the resuscitation of the Ndebele kingdom, which in some circles mean breaking away from Zimbabwe. One wonders what the reasons behind the call for the resuscitation of the Ndebele kingdom were: Is this move fuelled by poor service delivery in Zimbabwe? Are the Ndebele people unhappy with the current state of affairs in Zimbabwe? Is this another revolution waiting to happen? This study sought to establish the reasons behind calls to resuscitate the Ndebele kingdom in Zimbabwe. A qualitative research methodology was employed and interviews held with one of the heirs to the Ndebele throne, as well as the leader of one of the movements advocating for the resuscitation of the Ndebele or Mthwakazi kingdom. Keywords: kingdom; Lobengula; Mzilikazi; Ndebele; resuscitation; Zimbabwe INTRODUCTION Zimbabwe is a country in southern Africa, which attained its independence in 1980, a period that was followed by a genocide.
  • Mexican Origin Youth and the Gang Context: Social Identities and School Experiences

    Mexican Origin Youth and the Gang Context: Social Identities and School Experiences

    International Journal of School Social Work Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 2 2016 Mexican origin Youth and the Gang Context: Social Identities and School Experiences Leticia Villarreal Sosa Dominican University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/ijssw Part of the Educational Sociology Commons, and the Student Counseling and Personnel Services Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Villarreal Sosa, Leticia (2016) "Mexican origin Youth and the Gang Context: Social Identities and School Experiences," International Journal of School Social Work: Vol. 1: Iss. 1. https://doi.org/10.4148/ 2161-4148.1008 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of School Social Work by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mexican origin Youth and the Gang Context: Social Identities and School Experiences Abstract Youth, gang involved or not, living in a community with a gang problem are impacted in various ways. This study draws from qualitative interviews over the transition to high school of thirty-two Mexican origin students in Chicago. The Extended Case Method (ECM) was employed for the analysis of the qualitative data. Using borderlands and social identity theory, results indicated that the school response to the youth gang problem directly impacted students’ educational experiences, how staff viewed them, and how they negotiated these social categorizations. Students reported unrecognized trauma due to the level of violence and marginalizing experiences in school.
  • 8123 Songs, 21 Days, 63.83 GB

    8123 Songs, 21 Days, 63.83 GB

    Page 1 of 247 Music 8123 songs, 21 days, 63.83 GB Name Artist The A Team Ed Sheeran A-List (Radio Edit) XMIXR Sisqo feat. Waka Flocka Flame A.D.I.D.A.S. (Clean Edit) Killer Mike ft Big Boi Aaroma (Bonus Version) Pru About A Girl The Academy Is... About The Money (Radio Edit) XMIXR T.I. feat. Young Thug About The Money (Remix) (Radio Edit) XMIXR T.I. feat. Young Thug, Lil Wayne & Jeezy About Us [Pop Edit] Brooke Hogan ft. Paul Wall Absolute Zero (Radio Edit) XMIXR Stone Sour Absolutely (Story Of A Girl) Ninedays Absolution Calling (Radio Edit) XMIXR Incubus Acapella Karmin Acapella Kelis Acapella (Radio Edit) XMIXR Karmin Accidentally in Love Counting Crows According To You (Top 40 Edit) Orianthi Act Right (Promo Only Clean Edit) Yo Gotti Feat. Young Jeezy & YG Act Right (Radio Edit) XMIXR Yo Gotti ft Jeezy & YG Actin Crazy (Radio Edit) XMIXR Action Bronson Actin' Up (Clean) Wale & Meek Mill f./French Montana Actin' Up (Radio Edit) XMIXR Wale & Meek Mill ft French Montana Action Man Hafdís Huld Addicted Ace Young Addicted Enrique Iglsias Addicted Saving abel Addicted Simple Plan Addicted To Bass Puretone Addicted To Pain (Radio Edit) XMIXR Alter Bridge Addicted To You (Radio Edit) XMIXR Avicii Addiction Ryan Leslie Feat. Cassie & Fabolous Music Page 2 of 247 Name Artist Addresses (Radio Edit) XMIXR T.I. Adore You (Radio Edit) XMIXR Miley Cyrus Adorn Miguel Adorn Miguel Adorn (Radio Edit) XMIXR Miguel Adorn (Remix) Miguel f./Wiz Khalifa Adorn (Remix) (Radio Edit) XMIXR Miguel ft Wiz Khalifa Adrenaline (Radio Edit) XMIXR Shinedown Adrienne Calling, The Adult Swim (Radio Edit) XMIXR DJ Spinking feat.
  • The Secession of States As a Strategy for Resolving Intra- State Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in Post-Colonial Africa: the Case of South Sudan

    The Secession of States As a Strategy for Resolving Intra- State Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in Post-Colonial Africa: the Case of South Sudan

    The Secession of States as a Strategy for Resolving Intra- State Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in Post-Colonial Africa: The Case of South Sudan CLAYTON HAZVINEI VHUMBUNU 214580483 Supervisor: Dr Rudigi Rukema Joseph 2017 A Thesis Submitted to the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban; South Africa in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in International Relations PLAGIARISM DECLARATION I, Clayton Hazvinei Vhumbunu declare that: 1. The research reported in this thesis, except where otherwise indicated, is my original work and does not involve plagiarism or collusion. I know plagiarism is wrong and contravenes Rule 9 (e) (i) (ff) of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) Student Disciplinary Rules Handbook (2004). 2. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. 3. This thesis does not contain other persons’ data, pictures, graphs or other information, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other persons. 4. This thesis does not contain other persons’ writings, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, then: (a) their words have been re-written but the general information attributed to them has been referenced; (b) where their exact words have been used, their writing has been placed inside quotations marks and referenced. In all instances, a recognized convention for citation and referencing has been accurately used. 5. Where I have reproduced a publication of which I am an author, co- author or editor, I have indicated in detail which part of the publication was actually written by myself alone and have fully referenced such publications.
  • Collaboration and Conflict in Transnationally-Dispersed

    Collaboration and Conflict in Transnationally-Dispersed

    Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE December 2017 Collaboration and Conflict in rT ansnationally-Dispersed Zimbabwean Families William John Suk Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Suk, William John, "Collaboration and Conflict in rT ansnationally-Dispersed Zimbabwean Families" (2017). Dissertations - ALL. 822. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/822 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Approximately one quarter of Zimbabwean adults left their country of birth during the past twenty years. These sojourners are increasingly dispersed as tightening immigration regimes in preferred destinations and fluctuating global opportunities lead them to places with fewer historical links to Zimbabwe. This dispersive process fractures many families between multiple international locations. Nevertheless, the idea of family remains centrally important to diasporans, who work with relatives around the world to care for children and elders, to acquire important documents like passports, and to prepare for an eventual return home. Following from performative and relational theorizations of kinship, this dissertation argues that collaborative projects are crucibles in which families are forged and reconfigured. This exploration of how dispersion shapes family life deploys three analytical lenses: history, space and technology. Contemporary journeys are historically linked to a century of dispossession and labor-migration in Southern Africa. Colonial governments used onerous “bioinformational regimes” to subjugate Africans and profit from their labor.
  • Governance, Leadership and the Rise of African Nationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa: an Ethical Critical Study

    Governance, Leadership and the Rise of African Nationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa: an Ethical Critical Study

    Governance, Leadership and the Rise of African Nationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Ethical Critical Study By C.C. Mushohwe (DEL, DPA, MPLG, MSc-1R, MPA, MBA) Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Academic Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Subject of Ethics at the School of Religion Philosophy and Classics, College of Humanities University of KwaZulu–Natal Pietermaritzburg Supervisor Prof Munyaradzi Felix Murove November 2018 DECLARATION I, Christopher Chindoti Mushohwe declare that, i. The research reported in this thesis, excerpt where otherwise indicated, is my original work. ii. The thesis has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. iii. This thesis does not contain other persons’ data, pictures, graphs or other information, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other persons. iv. This thesis does not contain other persons’ writings unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, (a) Their words have been re-written but the general information attributed to them has been referenced; (b) Where exact words have been used, their writing has been placed inside quotation marks and referenced. v. This thesis does not contain text, graphics or tables copied and pasted from the internet unless specifically acknowledged and the source being detailed in the thesis and in the reference sections. Candidate: Christopher Chindoti Mushohwe Signed:………………………………………Date:…………………………. Supervisor: Prof M F Murove Signed:………………………………………Date:……………………………. i DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my beloved wife and children for the support during the course of this study. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS An intellectual discourse of this extent could not come to fruition without assistance and motivation from other people and institutions.
  • BE a HOMEOWNER a BE Syracuse, NY Winter 2010-2011 Issue 7 FREE T Disclaimer T in the Ma B All Necessaril He He U CO Mig K T Terial

    BE a HOMEOWNER a BE Syracuse, NY Winter 2010-2011 Issue 7 FREE T Disclaimer T in the Ma B All Necessaril He He U CO Mig K T Terial

    the south side news Winter 2010-2011 issue 7 FREE Syracuse, NY Syracuse, www.mysouthsidestand.com Stand STAINED-GLASS ART BE A HOMEOWNER Brennan glass studio helps youth design and create windows nap group These seniors aren’t resting during the day. They’re on the go. Profiling Racial reach different findings about police reach different studies using two methods Two LIVING THE GOSPEL One of a few female pastors shares her passion for what she does INSIDE|WINTER The Stand | Winter 2010-2011 FOUNDER BUSINESS | Charles Garland shares his story of how he came to run his family’s Garland PROFESSOR Brothers Funeral Home, which was not his first career choice when he was younger. STEVE DAVIS the FEATURES | Meet Tony Wade, a postal worker who treats 100 or more families to holiday gift baskets around the South Side every year. DIRECTOR ASHLEY KANG FEATURES | Find out how seniors stay on the move by exercising, meditating, socializing and more through the Dunbar Association’s Neighborhood Advisory Program. BOARD OF DIRECTORS BUSINESS | Learn how women maintain their total image at Ma’Dear’s salon and spa, which Jackie Emery opened 15 years ago on South Avenue. CHARLES PIERCE-EL SCHOOL AND YOUTH | Share in the excitement of young people who designed and made SHANTEASHIA stained-glass windows as part of their after-school program at the Dunbar Center. HARRIS EL REGINALD CHURCH | The Rev. Colette Matthews, among the few female pastors in the country, has Stand A. SEIGLER led New Covenant Baptist Church for the past four years. Read all about her experiences.
  • Motivational Interviewing an Introduction

    Motivational Interviewing an Introduction

    Motivational Interviewing An Introduction Steven Malcolm Berg-Smith A.I.M. for Change (Awakening Inner Motivation) 415.578-2448 [email protected] berg-smithtraining.com What is MI? …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Listen with Presence …………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Opening Activity ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Explore-Offer-Explore………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Style & Spirit………………………………………………………………………………………………... 6 OARS + I ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Key Principles …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 Highlights …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Theory ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Personal Strengths ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 What works? What doesn’t? ………………………………………………………………........................ 12 Style: Resistance Producing ……………………………………………………………………………… 13 Conversation Flow …………………………………………………………………………………………. 14 Counseling Tools………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15 What is Motivation? ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 16 Change Talk………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 10 Strategies for Evoking Change Talk ………………………………………………………………….. 18 Affirmations …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20 Forming Reflective Listening Statements ………………………………………………………………… 21 “In the Moment” ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 22 Getting Started ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 27 The Process of MI…………………………………………………………………………………………. 28 Explore Ambivalence ………………………………………………………………………………………. 29 Assess Readiness ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 30 Offering
  • The University of Sheffield Object

    The University of Sheffield Object

    The University of Sheffield Object Relations Middle Group and Attachment Theory: Gender Development, Spousal Abuse, and Qualitative Research On Youth Crime s. S. Wier PhD Object Relations Middle Group and Attachment Theory: Gender Development, Spousal Abuse, and Qualitative Research on Youth Crime Stewart Scott Wier PhD Centre for Psychotherapeutic Studies January 2003 Acknowledgments There are a number of people to whom I wish to express my sincere thanks and appreciation for their role in facilitating this achievement. Dr. Don Carveth first introduced me to the subject of psychoanalytic thought. He encouraged me to develop the potential he saw as an undergraduate student, and has continued to do so over the years, the most recent being through his endorsement of this particular dream. Dr. Gottfried Paasche is responsible for acquainting me with the process of qualitative methods of research, around which much of this paper is based, as well as for sponsoring my application to pursue this endeavor. The initial efforts for this project began over a decade ago at the University of Exeter under the direction of Dr. Paul Kline. He provided outstanding support and optimism surrounding these labours, in addition to showing compassion about my eventual decision to suspend them. Several years later, and following the retirement of Dr. Kline, Dr. Robert Young ofthe University of Sheffield, willingly assumed the responsibility ofacting as my subsequent supervisor despite the enormous demands on his time. The chair of the department for Psychotherapeutic Studies, Geraldine Shipton, displayed integrity, moral commitment, and consistency throughout the entire process. Dr. Christopher Cordess and Dr. Corinne Squire provided informed and respectful critical comments through a very cordial session which served to make a potentially distressing experience exceedingly pleasant, and brought considerable improvement to the first effort.
  • Rethinking Chimurenga and Gukurahundi in Zimbabwe: a Critique of Partisan National History Sabelo J

    Rethinking Chimurenga and Gukurahundi in Zimbabwe: a Critique of Partisan National History Sabelo J

    Rethinking Chimurenga and Gukurahundi in Zimbabwe: A Critique of Partisan National History Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Abstract: This article examines how the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) sought to inscribe a nationalist monologic history in Zimbabwe in order prop up its claim to be the progenitor and guardian of the postcolonial nation. Since its formation in 1963, it has worked tirelessly to claim to be the only authentic force with a sacred historic mission to deliver the colonized people from settler colonial rule. To achieve this objective, ZANU-PF has deployed the ideol- ogy of chimurenga in combination with the strategy of gukurahundi as well as a poli- tics of memorialization to install a particular nationalist historical monologue of the nation. After attaining power in 1980, it proceeded to claim ownership of the birth of the nation. While the ideology of chimurenga situates the birth of the nation within a series of nationalist revolutions dating back to the primary resistance of the 1890s, the strategy of gukurahundi entails violent and physical elimination of enemies and opponents. But this hegemonic drive has always encountered an array of problems, including lack of internal unity in ZANU-PF itself, counternarra- tives deriving from political formations like the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU); labor movements; and critical voices from the Matebeleland region, which fell victim to gukurahundi strategy in the 1980s. With the formation of the Move- ment for Democratic Change (MDC) in 1999, which soon deployed democracy and human rights discourse to critique the ideology of chimurenga and the strategy of gukurahundi, ZANU-PF hegemony became extremely shaky and it eventually agreed to share power with the MDC in February 2009.
  • Mthwakazi Liberation Front

    Mthwakazi Liberation Front

    1 MTHWAKAZI LIBERATION FRONT IN PURSUIT OF OUR IDEALS,WE SUBMIT: ROBERT GABRIEL MUGABE’S CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY’S WILFUL BLINDNESS TO GENOCIDE AND ETHNIC CLEANSING COMMITTED AGAINST THE PEOPLE OF MATEBELELAND (MTHWAKAZI) 1980-2017 A CLEAR CASE FOR THE RESTORATION OF MTHWAKAZI KINGDOM Compiled by MTHWAKAZI LIBERATION FRONT (MLF) 06 September 2017 CONTACTS CHRISPEN NYONI INFORMATION & PUBLICITY EMAIL: [email protected] 0027 78 730 7538/0027 62 627 3739 (MTHWAKAZI LIBERATION FRONT (MLF) STANDS, FOR ECONOMIC, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE OF MTHWAKAZI AND RESTORATION OF HER INDEPENDENCE THAT EXISTED PRIOR TO COLONISATION) 2 ROBERT GABRIEL MUGABE’S CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY’S WILFUL BLINDNESS TO GENOCIDE AND ETHNIC CLEANSING COMMITTED AGAINST THE PEOPLE OF MATEBELELAND (MTHWAKAZI) 1980-2017 A CLEAR CASE FOR THE RESTORATION OF MTHWAKAZI KINGDOM Compiled by MTHWAKAZI LIBERATION FRONT (MLF) 06 September 2017 Abstract This document chronicles the suffering compounded by the despicable genocide and ethnic cleansing inflicted on the people of Matabeleland (Mthwakazi) during the past one hundred and twenty-four (124) years by both the British establishment and its proxy, the ZANU-PF regime of Robert Gabriel Mugabe. It gives a fundamental justification as to why the people of Matabeleland (Mthwakazi) must be free to chart their own destiny, free from the tyranny of British colonialism and its proxy, Mugabe’s regime in present-day Zimbabwe. It is the intention of this document to lay bare all of the facts by way of a summative outline regarding the genocide and ethnic cleansing that was not only inflicted and imposed through the annexation of the Kingdom of Mthwakazi (Matabeleland) - but also which has been continued and sustained by Robert Gabriel Mugabe’s regime during the past thirty-seven (37) years.
  • Where to Golf in Cortland, Ohio by Patrick Finan Walnut Run (Home of Lakeview Men’S Varsity Golf Team) by Kyle Ames Players Can Score in a Number Changing Decision

    Where to Golf in Cortland, Ohio by Patrick Finan Walnut Run (Home of Lakeview Men’S Varsity Golf Team) by Kyle Ames Players Can Score in a Number Changing Decision

    April 2011 Issue 8 Vol. 49 The Bulldog Lakeview High School 300 Hillman Drive Cortland, OH 44410 Bulletin (330)-637-4921 Record-making earthquake shakes island nation BY PAIGE VOSMIK deaths rose over 1000. The efforts and the many Reporter number has since swelled to searches for people. many times that. At least 50 nations are To donate to At 2:46 p.m. on Mar. 11, In the month since the offering aid to the wounded 2011, near the city of Sendai in quake and tsunami, several country, including the relief efforts in the Miyagi prefecture of Japan aftershocks rattled the area. One, United States, Australia, was hit with an 8.9 magnitude a mere two days after the initial Italy, Canada, and others Japan through earthquake. According to cnn. quake, had a magnitude of 7.0. (news.com.au). The Red the American com, this quake was the strongest Another reached 7.4 magnitude, Cross is near the forefront to hit the island country in interrupting searches for of the efforts, assisting Red Cross, Inside: recorded history. The tectonic survivors on April 7. During the with handing out food and shifting triggered thirty foot Apr. 11 one month memorial supplies as well as giving text REDCROSS high tsunamis, CNN reports, service, another shock led to a medical assistance. They to 90999 News which reached six miles inland. tsunami warning (nytimes.com). have also set up simple and LHS teacher receives Thousands of people were These shocks have waylaid some convenient ways to donate, displaced by the destructive reconstruction such as by texting a number field trip grant for Dangerous levels of radiation deluge that to donate $10, advertised on school have been recorded in the water annihilated channels such as the Food around the plant in this crisis, h o m e s Network.