2Nd 9 Weeks Benchmark Review 09-10

Questions 1. How did the French and Indian War lead to the American Revolutionary War? The British were in debt after the war. They imposed taxes on the colonies. The colonies protested and eventually began fighting the Revolutionary War. 2. How did the French and Indian War affect Georgia’s growth and development? Georgia’s southern border became the St. Mary’s River and the western border became the Mississippi River. 3. Why did many Georgians remain loyal to Great Britain? Georgia was the youngest of the 13 colonies and still dependent on Britain economically. 4. Who were Georgia’s signers of the Declaration? Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton 1. What did Austin Dabney do during the Revolution? He was a slave who fought in his owner’s place during the Revolution. He was given land for his service after the war. 5. What did Nancy Hart do during the Revolution? She hung and shot Tory soldiers who came to her house in northeast Georgia. She is the only woman to have a Georgia county named after her. 1. What was the main weakness of the Georgia Constitution of 1777? The legislative branch had too much power. 2. Why was the national government given few powers in the Articles of Confederation? Because the colonies were revolting against a strong central government and they did not want to create the same kind of government they had under the British 1. What was the purpose of Constitutional Convention? To revise the Articles of Confederation, but they ended up writing the Constitution 2. Who represented Georgia at the Constitutional Convention? William Few, Abraham Baldwin 1. The University of Georgia is the nation’s first land grant university. What is a land grant university? A university for which the government has granted the land for the school to be built on. 2. What were the 2 largest religious groups in Georgia in the late 1700s? Baptists and Methodists 1. What was the purpose of the headright system? To distribute (give away) land in order to attract new citizens 2. What land was given away by the land lottery? Land west of the Oconee River 3. Explain the Yazoo Land Fraud. GA’s western territory was sold cheaply to land companies because the GA legislators were bribed; led to the formation of Alabama and Mississippi after the federal government bought the land 1. What was the most important mechanical invention to Georgia’s economy in the early 1800s? The Cotton Gin 2. How were items shipped long distances before railroads? Wagons and boats (ferries/barges NOT steamboats) 3. What became GA’s most important railroad? Western and Atlantic 1. Who was Alexander McGillivray? A Creek chief who signed the Treaty of New York 2. Who was William McIntosh? The last Creek chief in Georgia. Was killed for giving away land in Treaty of Indian Springs 3. Who was Sequoyah (George Gist)? Developed the Cherokee syllabary 4. What discovery led to the forced removal of the Cherokee? Gold near Dahlonega, Georgia 5. Who fought the Red Sticks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend and then oversaw the passage of the Indian Removal Act when he became president? Andrew Jackson 6. What was the Trail of Tears? The forced march of the Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma. Nearly 4,000 died. 7. What was the significance of Indian Removal Act of 1830? It gave the U.S. government the right to take land away from the Indians and move them to the western territories. 1. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed popular sovereignty, which allowed them to vote on slavery. Overturned the Missouri Compromise 2. Describe the major components of the Compromise of 1850. California was admitted as a free state. Utah and New Mexico could vote on slavery. Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act Abolished slave trade in DC 3. What role did Alexander Stephens play in the government of the Confederate States of America? Vice-president of the Confederacy 4. What was the significance of the Dred Scott Case? Supreme Court rules that slaves were not citizens and had no rights 1. What is the bloodiest one-day of the Civil War? Antietam 2. Why did southern port cities, such as Savannah, have to remain open during the Civil War? So those cities could keep getting supplies from Europe 3. Why did Gen. Sherman decide not to burn Savannah when he reached the city at the end of his March to the Sea? He gave the city to Lincoln as a Christmas present, including 25,000 bales of cotton ($) 4. What was Sherman’s purpose in destroying civilian targets on the march to the sea? To lessen support for the war for those who remained at home; help end the war sooner 5. What was Andersonville? A Union prisoner of war camp located near Americus, Georgia 6. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Signed by Lincoln; freed over 4 million slaves in the US 1. Define checks and balances. Each branch checks the other two branches to keep power balanced. 2. What are the qualifications to vote in Georgia? Must be 18, a citizen of the U.S., and a resident of Georgia and the county the election is held in 1. What is the importance of saltwater wetlands along Georgia’s coast? Saltwater marshes along the coast are a vital part of its food chain. 2. Are the Appalachian Mountains young or old? They are old because they are worn down and relatively low 3. Why did Oglethorpe welcome the Salzburgers to the new colony? He offered them religious and political refuge from the persecution they faced in Austria .

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