Paludicultural plants and utilisation options (selection)

English name Latin name Most promising uses Other uses Peat moss Sphagnum spp.  Founder material for restoration and Sphagnum farming  Insulation and packaging material  Orchid cultivation  Food preservation  Horticultural growing media replacing peat  Medical dressings, diapers, and  substrates for carnivorous plants, for vivaria with sanitary towels amphibians, reptiles and spiders,  Sphagnum extracts as source of  substrate for hanging baskets, wreathes and vegetation walls natural sunscreen Sundew Drosera rotundifolia  Medicinal uses  Vegetarian rennet for cheese making Cattail, Bulrush Typha angustifolia,  Insulation material  Combustion Typha latifolia  Filling material (seed hairs)  Biogas  Construction material  Extraction of proteins

likely  Packaging and disposable tableware  Horticultural growing media replacing peat

very  Fodder

 Pollen for feeding predatory mites (pest control in glasshouses) Reed Phragmites australis  Thatching material  Paper  Insulation material  Biogas  Construction material  Liquid fuels cultivation  Packaging and disposable tableware  Extraction of proteins of  Fodder  Silicon from reed leaves for high‐  Combustion performance energy storage devices Giant cane Arundo donax  Combustion  Biogas

Uptake Reed Manna Grass Glyceria maxima  Fodder  Biogas  Extraction of proteins Reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea  Packaging and disposable tableware  Paper  Panels  Biogas  Fodder  Liquid fuels  Bedding  Extraction of proteins  Combustion Sedges Carex spp.  Packaging and disposable tableware  Paper  Panels  Biogas  Fodder  Liquid fuels  Bedding  Extraction of proteins  Combustion Alder Alnus glutinosa  Timber for carpentry, interior fittings, furniture  Veneer  Combustion Willow Salix spp.  Fodder  Weaving material (e.g. baskets) Bog Myrtle Myrica gale  insect repellent  flavour (e.g. beer)  medicinal uses, cosmetics Cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos  Food (e.g. berries, juice) Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa  Food (e.g. berries, juice) Medicinal uses Wild rice Zizania aquatica, Cereal Z. palustris

Japanese Millet Echinochloa esculenta  Food  fodder Celery Apium graveolens Vegetable Water Pepper Persicaria hydropiper Spicy leaf vegetable Holy Grass Hierochloe odorata Flavour (e. g. for drinks) Calamus Acorus calamus Flavour (e.g. for drinks), cosmetics paludiculture Water mint Mentha aquatica  Flavour, tea for

 Perfumery  Cloudberry  Rubus chamaemorus  Food (e.g. jam, juice)  Blueberry  Vaccinium myrtillus plants

 Bogbean, buckbean  Menyanthes trifoliata  Meadowsweet  Filipendula ulmaria  Valerian  Valeriana officinale  Butterbur  Petasites hybridus Medicinal plants  Garden Angelica  Angelica archangelica (e.g. pharmaceuticals, cosmetics) promising  Alder Buckthorn  Frangula alnus  Gypsywort  Lycopus europaeus  Water Dropwort  Oenanthe aquatica Duckweed fern Azolla filiculoides  Fodder  Food Further  Fertiliser (N‐fixation)  Protein extraction Duckweed Lemna spp.  Fodder  Protein extraction