Marketing Fragment 5.5 X 9.T65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-54539-6 - A History of Queensland Raymond Evans Index More information

INDEX

12th Regiment, 79 massacres of, 54–5 4ZZZ (radio station), 223 physique, 34 population decline, 11, 47, Aboriginal affairs 145 1970s–80s, 233–4 post-frontier oppression, 269 Beattie government, 264 resistance to Dutch, 17 Bjelke-Petersen years, 232–3 union activism on behalf Goss government, 254 of, 235–6 Aboriginal Commission, 97 union opposition to Aboriginal people, see also labourers, 170 Aboriginal people violent encounters with (pre-European) explorers, 24 activism, 214, 223 Aboriginal people (pre-European), 1950s, 212–13 2 1970s, 234 communication routes, 12 alcohol management, 265 contact with strangers before confiscation of wages, 173, 265 Cook, 13–14 discriminatory controls fishing, 8 on, 211–12 habitations, 9 dispossession, see frontier history, 3 conflict between settlers and hunter–gatherer economy, 10 Aboringines language family areas, 4 dispossession for mining, 214 oral records, 2 forced removals, 139–40, 170–1, population, 10–11 232 proto-agriculture, 8, 9 genocidal attitudes to, 135–7 territories, 57 government policies, see also trade, 12 Aboriginal affairs traditional life, 4–6 interned in WWII, 193 violence, 13 labour of, 132, 134, 170, 173, Aboriginals Protection and 192, 211–12, 214, 232–3, Restriction of the Sale of 235, 265 Opium Act, 139, 140

316 Index

Aborigines Protection Society, 97, launch of political 99, 102 movement, 119, 121 absconders (convicts), 14 Australian Meat Industry acclimitisation (people), 175 Employees Union, 163 Adams, Francis, 119, 124 Australian Republican agriculture, 45, 47, 49, 63–4, 84, Association, 118 85, 90–1, 103, 110–13, 119, Australian Steam and Navigation 132–4, 142, 165, 173–5, Company, 106 180, 182, 207, 209, 263, Australian Workers’ Union 271 (AWU), 183 Ahern, Michael, 249 formation, 151 Allen, Tom, 38 Grouper influence, 205 Amalgamated Workers’ influence on ALP, 208 Association, 149 strikes, 177, 216 absorbed by AWU, 151 American Smelting and Refining Backhouse, James, 25 Company, 216 Badjala people, 19 anti-Communism Balfour, John, 53 1940s and 1950s, 206 Bangalore (ship), 61 referendum campaign, 206 Banks, Joseph, 2 anti-Fascism, 177, 178 attitude to Aborigines, 19, 21, 22 anti-uranium protests, 223, 226 proposes penal colonisation, 24 Mary Kathleen mine Barambah reserve, 140, 172, see campaign, 231 also Cherbourg reserve Anzac Day, suggestion of, 156 Bardon Infants’ School, 211 Archer, Archibald, 138 Barjai-Miya movement, 199 Army to Fight Bolshevism, 161 Barney, George, 60 Arnhem (ship), 16 Bartlam, Superintendent, 213 Artemesia (ship), 58 Barton, Edmond, 141 Asschens, Lavienne, 17 Barunggam people, 52 Aurukun mission, 234 Battle of Brisbane, 195 Australia, ancient Asian Battle of Cairns, 181 knowledge, 14 Beattie, Peter, 267 Australian Defensive League, 160 Opposition Leader, 255 Australian Labor Party (ALP) Premier, 260–2, 266 1919, 162 Beattie government, 261–6 1950s, 207–8 Aboriginal affairs, 264 1970s, 227 public services, 264 achievements in government, 164 Bell, Sir Francis, 111 assumes office, 125 Bell, Joshua, 85 Bjelke-Petersen years, 224, Bell, Lieutenant, 39 228 Bigambul people, 72 government opposes union Bigge, John Thomas, 26–7 activism, 163 Bingle, John, 23, 31 post-Bjelke-Peteresen, 249 Bischoff, Commissioner, 217, 243 Australian Labour Federation Bishop, Peter, 35 (ALF) Bjelke-Petersen, Lady Brisbane general strike 1912, 150 Florence, 245, 246 collapse, 151 Bjelke-Petersen, Sir Johannes, 246

Index 317

background, 220–1 forbidden to free settlers, 51 becomes Premier, 224 general strike 1912, 150–1 corruption allegations and Lang-ite morals crusades, 62–3 trial, 244–7 penal colony, 25 decline, 227–8 establishment, 33–4 ignorance of Westminster heritage, 59 system, 245–7 race relations, 36 image, 226, 228–9 residences, 83 personality, 220–1 Brisbane, Thomas, 27 zenith as leader, 240 Brisbane Female Factory, 49, 59 Bjelke-Petersen government, 221 Brisbane Industrial Council (BIC) electoral success, 224, 225–7 establishment, 151 opposition groups, 229 opposition to WWI, 157 ‘police state’, 243 Brisbane Labor League, 68 reaction to social change, 222–3 Brisbane Line, 188–9 Black Ball Line, 84 Brisbane River, 28 Black Panther Party, 236 British Anti-Slavery Society, 100 Blair Athol mine, 213 British Emigration Blamey, Thomas, 187 Commission, 100 Bleakley, William, 170 Brookes, Thomas, 40 Bligh, William, 22 Brown, George ‘Black’, 53, 54 violent encounters with Brown, Gordon, 153 Aboriginal people, 23 Brunger, John, 38 bodgies and widgies, 197 Bukowski, R. J., 205, 208 Boer War, 143, 144 Bundaberg, 102, 110, 131, 135, Bogimah Creek (mission), 139–40, 156, 224 171 Bunker, Ebenezer, 23 Bolan, Jill, 254 bunya festivals, 8, 35, 37, 55, 72 Bond, Alan, 245 Burgess, Bob, 257 Boomerang (newspaper), 119 bushrangers, see absconders Borbidge, Robert, 255 (convicts) Borbidge Coalition Butler, Lieutenant, 32 government, 256 Butlin, Noel, 11 Border Police, 69 Buzacott, Aaron, 100 Bourke, Richard, 42 Bwgcolman people, 213 Bowen (town), 92 Bowen, Lady Diamantina Cairns, 181, 188 Roma, 81 Cairns, William, 105 Bowen, Sir George Ferguson, 78, Caledonia (ship), 37 79–80 Callaghan, Allan, 226, 228, arbiter of social class, 81 256 local opposition, 80 Campbell, Judy, 11 opposition to paper curency, 85 Canoona rush, 75 Bridgman, Frank, 97 Cape Bedford mission, 193 Brigden, J. B., 183 Cape York, 265 Bright, John, 141 Carstensz, Jan, 16–17 Brisbane cartoons, political, 152 choice as capital, 77 Catholic Church inﬂuence on ethnic character, 69 government, 183

318 Index

censorship, 197, 253 WWI, 156 Bjelke-Petersen government, 222 Contagious Diseases Act, 127, 196 Chapman, Duncan, 156 Conti, Niccolo da, 15 Charles Eaton massacre, 51 convict system, see also secondary Charters Towers, 112 punishment system, see also charts, pre-Cook knowledge of names of individual convict Australia, 2, 14–15 stations Cherbourg reserve, 172 flogging, 40–1, 42, 44 Chermside, Sir Herbert, 148 pre-Separation population, 61 Chesson, F. W., 99 Quaker report, 25–6 Chinese convictism, see convict system, campaigns against, 130 historical view conflict with white labour, 106–7 Cook, James, 20, see also discriminatory Endeavour (ship) legislation, 105–6, 169 contact with Aboriginal European reaction, 65 people, 18, 19–22 indentured labour, 65 takes possession of workers, 68 Australia, 17–18 Cilento, Raphael, 175, 176 use of charts, 14–15 Civil Alien Corps, 192 Cooper, Frank, 185, 196 civil rights, 269 Cooper, Gary, 195 free speech campaigns, 153 Cooper, Leontine,´ 128 Right to March campaign, 224, Cooper, Lillian, 126 225, 226, 236 Cooper, Russell, 250, 255 ban lifted, 253 Coorparoo clan, 34, 45 during WWII, 190 Coote, William, 56, 111 Clark, Colin, 182 corruption, 243–4 Clunie, James, 36, 44 Cotton, Major, 47 Collins, W. A., 181 cotton industry, 61, 64 Colonial Office (London), 26, reliance on indentured 42–3, 82, 90, 94, 96–7, 98, labour, 99–100 101, 105–6, 130, 156, 171, Country Party, see also National 269 Party Colonial Sugar Refining establishment, 153 Company, 113 revamped, 226 strikes, 149 Court of Industrial Arbitration, 162 Colster, Willem van, 12 Cowley, Sir Alfred, 165 Committee of Public Safety, 190 Cowper, Henry, 39–40, 49 Commonwealth Games 1982, 236 Cox, Henry, 68 Communist Party Crime and Misconduct extending influence, 184 Commission, 262, see also formation, 179 Criminal Justice meat industry strikes 1946, 201 Commission (CJC) political target, 206 Criminal Justice Commission railways strike 1948, 201–4 (CJC), 250, see also Crime waning influence, 203 and Misconduct during WWII, 190–1 Commission conscription curbed by Coalition Militia Bill, 81 government, 256

Index 319

Croydon Downs rush, 112 Duggan, Jack, 209 cultural life Duhig, James, 183, 196 Barjai-Miya movement, 199 Dulingbara people, 19 Beattie years, 263 Durundur, 139 Bjelke-Petersen years, 223 Dutch East India Company, 17 between the wars, 159 Duyfken (ship), 16 Cunningham, Alan, 23, 42 Dylan, Bob, 223 Curran, Steven, 40 Curry, Robert, 172, 174 Eagle Farm, 49–50 economic conditions, 270 Dalaipi (Aboriginal man), 32 1840s, 56–8 Dalrymple, George, 93 1860s and 1870s, 85 Darling, Ralph, 38–41 1880s, 111–13 Darling Downs, 51–3 1890s, 117, 124 Davidson, Alfred, 102 1920s, 165 Davis, Arthur Hoey, 142 1980s, 241 Dawson, Anderson, 125 at Federation, 143 debt, public, 113 Great Depression, 179 London embargo, 164–5 Edenglassie, see Brisbane Deebing Creek (mission), 139 Edwardson, William, 23 demographics Egerton, Sir John ‘Jack’, 208, 227, 1990s, 257 231 ethnic character eight-hour day movement, 68 1890s, 130–2 Eipper, Christopher, 47 pre-Separation, 68–9 elections Dempster, Quentin, 243 1915, 153–4 Denham government, 151 1920, 166 Department of Aboriginal and 1929, 167, 168–9 Islander Affairs (DAIA), 1932, 182 232 1953, 206 depressions and recessions, 1957, 209 economic, see economic 1972, 225 conditions 1986, 227, 240–1 Devanny, Jean, 179 1989, 251 Diamond, Jared, 9 1998, 259 Dickie, Phil, 228 Electoral and Administrative Diyari people, 13–14 Review Commission, 250 Djabugay villages, 9 electoral quotas and boundaries domestic service, 58, 59, 91, 109, 1957, 210 112 1972, 226 Douglas, John, 106, 138 Electoral Districts Act, 205 Douglas Social Credit Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms, 253 Movement, 184 Electrical Trades Union, 239 Dowse, Thomas, 55, 56, 58 Endeavour (ship), 22, see also Dreaming and Dreamtime Cook, James (Aboriginal), 5 environmental issues Drew, William, 97 1920s, 167–8 Drugs Misuse Act, 222 Beattie government, 262 Drury, Edward, 124 Bjelke-Petersen years, 223, 230

320 Index

environmental issues (cont.) frontier conflict between settlers Borbidge government, 256 and Aboriginal people, 70, Cooloola forest campaign, 230 269, see also Aboriginal Fraser Island campaign, 230 people logging stopped, 253 1860s and 1870s, 92–3 Goss government, 254–5 1890s, 135–7, 139 Great Barrier Reef Aboriginal casualties, 56, 71 campaign, 231 Aboriginal resistance, 52–3, Wet Tropics campaign, 232 70–1, 137 Erin Go-Bragh (ship), 88 Brisbane River valley, 53 Essential Services Act, 238 Darling Downs, 52–3 Eureka Youth League, 199, 200 early encounters, 55–6 Evans, George Essex, 142 end, 145–6 Evans, Mike, 226, 256 extermination of Aboriginal Evans, William, 37 people, 93–4 Evatt, Herbert Vere, 206 government response, 73, see exploration after Cook, 22–3 also Native Mounted Police Force Fadden, Arthur, 206 government support for Fairbairn, George, 123 excesses, 96–7 Fallon, Clarrie, 183, 205 legal aspects, 74 fauna, 2, see also fur trade, see also public debate, 73–4 environmental issues reprisals against Aboriginal during Ice Age, 6 people, 53, 74–5, 95–6 Federation referendum Stradbroke Island, 46 campaign, 141–2 white casualties, 94 Ferry, Thomas, 176 fur trade, 168 Finnegan, John, 13, 32 Fyans, Foster, 25, 48 Finney, Thomas, 146 treatment of convicts, 36, 47 Fisher, Andrew, 126 Fitzgerald, Gerald ‘Tony’, 243 Gaffer Grey, 67, 81 Fitzgerald Inquiry, 230, 243–7 Gair, Vince reforms intiated, 249–50 encourages Groupers, 205, 208 report, 247–8 expelled from Labor Party, Fitzpatrick, John ‘Simpson of 209 Anzac Cove’, 156 Premier, 205 Flinders, Matthew, 13, 23 Gair government, 206 violent encounters with Gairbal people, 52 Aboriginal people, 23 Garumngar people, 45 flogging of convicts, see convict gender relations, see also women, system, flogging see also masculinism floods (Brisbane 1974), 238 1840s, 59 flora, see vegetation geography, 1–2 Forde, Michael, 245–7 after Ice Age, 7–8 Foreman, Edgar, 85 during Ice Age, 6–7 Forster, William, 74 George, Henry, 121 Fraser, Charles, 36 Germans, 68, 69, 84, 89, 91, 99, Fraser, Malcolm, 229 131, 159, 173, 191–3 Fraser Island, 8, 19, 35, 72, 139, Giggarbarah people, 54 171, 230–1, 253 Gilbert, Eddie, 173

Index 321

Gillies, William Neal, 176 Hanlon, Edward ‘Ned’, 183, 200, Gipps, Sir George, 52 205 response to Kilcoy station Premier, 201 massacre, 54 Hannah More voyage, 84 response to racial conflict, 54 Hanson, Pauline, 258–9, 261 Gladstone, 237, see also Port Hawke, Bob, 231 Curtis Hayes, Atwell, 38–41 Gladstone colony scheme, 59–60 Henry, Jack, 179 Glassey, Thomas, 110, 120, Herbert, Robert, 79, 80 143 ministry, 85 Godeffroy and Sons, 84 opposes criticism of Native gold mining, 77 Mounted Police, 96 Gonzal, Jean Etienne,` 17 Hill, William, 23 Goodwin, John, 40 Hinze, Russ, 235 Gorman, Owen, 50, 54 corruption allegations Goss, Wayne, 249 against, 244 Premier, 251, 252 Hodgkinson River rush, 104 Goss government, 252 Hodgson, Arthur and achievements, 252–3 Christopher, 73 economic management, Homebush depot, 97 253 homosexuality, 270 lose power, 255 activism, 223 Gouguyimithirr people, 19 decriminalisation, 253 contact with Cook, 19–22 law reform, 261–2 interned in WWII, 193 sub-culture, 199, 222 Grady, Patrick, 40 Hoolan, John ‘Plumper’, 120–1 Gravatt, George, 47 Hopeful scandal, 133 Gray, George, 185 Hopevale reserve, 233 Great Barrier Reef, 3, 6 Hornet Bank station, Aboriginal Great Depression, 179 attack on, 74–5 Great Palm Island reserve, see Palm Howard, John, 229 Island, reserve Hughes, William Morris, 158–9, Gregor, John, 56 161 Gregory, Augustus, 97 Hull River reserve, 171 Griffith, Sir Samuel, 115, 116 Hynes, Jack, 167 appointment as Chief Justice, 124 Ice Age, 6–8 radical sympathies, 120 indentured labour, 65 reintroduction of Melanesian 1920s, 170 labour, 133 Chinese, 99 response to shearer’s strike, 122 Indian, 65–6, 68–9, 115, 132, scotches seperatist 169 aspirations, 141 German, 99 Griffith–McIlwraith ministry, 117 Melanesian, 98–103, 132–5 Gungganji people, 19 terminated, 145 Gunn, Bill, 243 trade union attitudes, 134 Gympie rush, 104, 105 Industrial Groups, 205 formation, 201 Hall, Edward Smith, 38–41 influence on Labor Party, Handt, J. S., 47 207–8

322 Index

Industrial Law Amendment Law Kitt, Benjamin, 117 1965, 217 Knox, Sir William, 249 Industrial Peace Act, 151, 162 industrial relations, see labour Labor Party, see Australian Labor relations Party Industrial Workers of the World Labour Alliance Committee, 68 (IWW), 149 labour movement, 66–8, see also Innes, John Angus, 249 labour relations internment 1890s, 125 WWI, 157 after Federation, 149 WWII, 191–2 anti-Chinese, 106–7 Ipswich, 63, 260 during Great Depression, 179 Irinjili, Mick McLean, 12 opposes Labor Party-Grouper Irish, 13, 29, 59, 69, 80, 88–9, 110, alliance, 208 120–2, 131, 143, 148–9, opposition to, 121, 125–6, 160 157, 159, 160, 183 origins, 120–1 Italians, 69, 89, 131, 176–7, 191–2 labour relations, 66, 269, see also strikes, see also labour Jack, Robert Logan, 146 movement, see also Jansz, Willem, 16 indentured labour Janszoon, Willem, see Jansz, 1960s, 216–18 Willem Bjelke-Petersen years, 237–8 Japanese, 131–2, 170, 186–9, post WWII, 200 191–2, 196, 229, 238 pre-Separation, 64–5 Jarowair people, 52 Lamington, Baron, 125, 148 Jeays, Joshua, 68, 115 Lana Lana people, 214 Jeffery, Charles, 23 land rights, Aboriginal, 236–7, see Jerome, Jerry, 172 also Wik decision, see also Jiman people, 74–5 native title, see also Mabo Jindoobarrie people, 23–4, 33 decision Jones, Richard, 52 Lane, Don, 244 Jordan, Henry, 84, 87, 88, 128 Lane, William, 119 Jordan, May, 128 Paraguay experiment, 124 Lang, George, 75 Kalkadoon people, 8 Lang, Gideon Scott, 96 Katter, Bob, 237, 257 Lang, John Dunmore, 54, 67 Keinjan people, 52, 53 migration scheme, 61–2 Kennedy, Sir Arthur, 105, support for labour movement, 66 106 Lang-ites, 61–2 Kidston, William, 126, 149 anti-transportation crusade, 62 Kilcoy station moral crusades, 62–3 Aboriginal attacks on, 53 Lansbury, George, 110 massacre of Aboriginal Lawson, Henry, 119, 249, 271 people, 54–5 League for Social Justice, 184–5 Aboriginal response, 55 League of Solemn Engagement, 62 Killoran, Patrick, 236, 237 Legislative Assembly, 79, 101, 121, Kimberley, Earl of, 101 138 King, Philip, 23 Legislative Council, 148 Kitabul people, 53 abolished, 164

Index 323

appointment by Bowen, 79 appointed magistrate, 55 campaign for election of, 80 boiling down factory, 56 Leichhardt, Ludwig, 58 MacKenzie, R. R., 95 Leslie, George and Patrick, 52 Mackie, Pat, 217 Lewin, Ross, 100 McNab, Duncan, 98 Lewis, Sir Terrence, 228, 243 McPherson, James, 81 Liberal Party, see also liberalism Magra, James, 19, see also Matra, 1990s, 255 James Bjelke-Petersen years, 228 Mandandanji people, 72 post-Bjelke-Peteresen, 249 Mann, Tom, 124 liberalism, 148, see also Liberal Maori Wars, 142 Party Mapoon mission, 214 de-facto party, 114 maritime industries, 91, Lilley, Charles, 81, 124 101–3, 133, 154, 170 Lindsay, Jack, 153, 159 Marsh, Matthew Henry, 52 Lockyer, Edmund, 34–5 Maryborough,75,102,104,110,156 Logan, Patrick, 35 masculinism, 126 murder, 40 Masters, Chris, 228 treatment of convicts, 36, 38–41 Masters and Servants Acts, 66 London embargo, 164–5 Matra, James, see also Magra, Longbottom, John, 37 James Longman, Irene, 167 proposes penal colonisation, 24 Lukin, Gresley, 137 Matthews, Thomas, 38 Lutwyche, Alfred, 80 Mayo, J. R., 49 Lyons, Sir Edward, 228 Melanesian labour trade, see indentured labour, Mabo, Eddie Koiki, 237 Melanesian Mabo decision, 256 Menzies, Gavin, 14, 15 Macalister, Arthur, 80 Meston, Archibald, 140, 171 ministry, 85 migration and migrants MacArthur, Douglas, 187, 189 1840s, 58 McAuley, Mrs, 49 1860s and 1870s, 83, 86, 89 Macassan contact with Aboriginal 1880s, 109 people, 13 1890s, 131 McCormack, William, 151 1950s, 207 corruption charges, 169 from Continental European Premier, 166 campaigns against, 176–7 McCormack government, 166 ethnic quotas, 88 McDonald, George, 52 Irish, 88 MGregor, Sir William, 149 Italian, 177 McIlwraith, Thomas, 113 propaganda, 84, 109 asserts local independence, 117 Russian, 160 conﬂict with Grifﬁth, 115 types of migrants, 89–91 implicated in bank crash, 124 urban and rural, 91 McIntyre, Kenneth, 15 voyages, 84 Mackay, 102, 135, 139–41, 145, Miller, Emma, 128 190–1, 224 Miller, Henry, 30 MacKay, Sir Iven, 189 Milligan, Spike, 243 Mackenzie, Even, 53 Mills, Thomas, 37

324 Index

mining industry, see also individual National Fitness Council, 199, rushes, see also gold mining 200 1880s, 112 National Party, 226, see also importance to economy, 103–4, Country Party 213 percent of vote, 227 mission stations, 139, see also political appeal, 241–2 individual mission names post-Bjelke-Peteresen, 249 Mitchell, George, 37 Native Mounted Police Force, 71–2 Mocatta, George, 52, 53 criticism of, 95, 137–8 Moffat, John, 149 extermination of Aborginal Moongoolba, 46 people, 94, 96–7, 137 Moore, Arthur ‘Boy’, 168 native title, 256, see also land Moore government, 169 rights, Aboriginal morality, 58–9, 60, 61–3, 73, 74, Federal government 102, 115, 125–9, 196–8, response, 259 206–7, 241–2 Nelson, Hugh, 124 Morehead, Boyd, 138 Ngarabal people, 54 Moreton Bay penal settlement Ngunnawal people, 35 abandonment of, 42 Nicklin, Frank absconders, 36–7 Premier, 209, 218 conditions, 42–4, 46–7 Nicklin government, 209, 217 convict population, 17–18, Ningavel (Aboriginal man), 54 29 Ninghi-Ninghi people, 30–2 convict resistance, 37–8 Norfolk Island, 29 establishment, 27–9 Norman, Sir Henry, 123 ﬁeld labour, 44–5 Normanby, Marquis of, 99 gender relations, 48–50 Nunukal people, 47 moral character, 26 murders, 38 O’Doherty, Kevin and Eva, 82 Quaker report, 25–6 O’Kane, Thadeus, 118 race relations, 45–6 One Nation Party Mount Isa, 213 decline, 260–1 strikes, 216–17 electoral success, 259 Mount Morgan, 112 establishment, 258–9 Mullan (Aboriginal man), 54 public support, 259–60 Multuggerah (Aboriginal elder), Oxley, John, 23, 28 53 violent encounters with Mulvaney, D. J., 11 Aboriginal people, 32 Mungana affair, 169 Murarrie dispute, see strikes, meat Palm Island industry 1946 reserve, 172 Murphy, Denis, 262 conditions, 233, 234 Murray Island, land rights, strike, 213 237 riots, 266 Musgrave, William, 110, 117 Palmer, Sir Arthur, 114, 138 Myall Creek massacre, 54 Palmer River rush, 104, 105 Pamphlett, Thomas, 32 National Democratic Council, Parker, Agricultural 160 Superintendent, 49

Index 325

Parkes, Henry, 67 Queensland Criminal Code, parliament, 79, see also Legislative 115 Council Queensland Labor Party, 209, see invasion, 184–5 also Labor Party Parsons, Richard, 32 Queensland Meat Export Pasquarelli, John, 258 Company, 162 pastoral industry, 86 Queensland National Bank, 112, 1880s, 112 114, 124 importance to economy, 84, 91 Queensland Police Union of Paterson, Fred, 179, 184 Employees, 255 defeated, 205 Quinn, James, 88 St Patrick’s Day Bash, 203 Quinton, Jim, 153 Peace Preservation Act, 125 Pearson, Noel, 256–7 race nationalism, 258 Peattie, David, 58 race relations, see also racism, Pensa Cola convoy, 186 see also frontier conﬂict Penton, Brian, 267 between settlers and Pentonvillians, 60, 61 Aboriginal people, see also Pera (ship), 16–17 Aboriginal people Petrie, John, 68 1890s, 132 Pettigrew, Thomas, 59 1920s, 52 Philp, Robert, 149 1990s, 264–6 encourages London expulsion of Asian farmers, embargo, 165 175 ministry, 143 with Melanesians, 135, see also Pineapple Rebellion, 184–5 indentured labour Pizzey, Jack, 224 in mining industry, 105 police racism, 136, see also whiteness corruption, 244 (racial characteristic) Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms, 253 1890s, 128–9 strikes, 66 1950s, 210 Polynesian Labourers Act, 101 1970s, 233 Port Bowen, 27, 28 1990s, 257 Port Clinton, see Port Bowen popular support, 130 Port Curtis, 27, 28, see also during WWII, 193 Gladstone radicalism in Gladstone colony scheme, 60 1880s, 118–19 Port Macquarie, 28 1890s, 117–18 Possession Island, 18, 24 Bjelke-Petersen years, 223 Potts, John, 130 railways, 85, 113, 115, 149, 154, Prior, Peter, 172 163, 165–7, 169, 180–1, prostitution, 87, 109, 210, 261 202 Protestant Labor Party, 184 Randall, George, 110 Pu Bassu, 14 Red Flag riots, 161–2 Pugh, T. P., 80, 100 Redcliffe Point penal settlement, 31 Qantas, 165 closure, 33 Queensland establishment, 30 choice as name of province, 77 race relations, 30–2

326 Index

regional autonomy self-government, 75–7, 78–9, see movement, 141, 148 also Separation republicanism, 117–18, 119, 122, Separation, 75–7 129, 143 Sergeev, Tom ‘Artem’, 160 reserves, Aboriginal, 97, 171–3, Seymour, David, 79, 97 see also names of individual Shand, William, 110–11 reserves Shaw, Luke, 245 1970s, 233–4 Sheldon, Joan, 255 right-wing extremism, 257 shell middens (Aboriginal), 10 riots Simpson, Dr Stephen, 55, 73 anti-Chinese, 65, 75, 105, 116 Simpson of Anzac Cove, 156 food, 85 Sinclair, John, 230 Palm Island, 266 Small, Sir Bruce, 255 Red Flag, 161–2 smallpox, 11 WWII race riots, 194 Smart State initiative, 263 Robertson, Assistant Surgeon, Smith, William Forgan, 190 49 Premier, 182 rock art, 8 Smith, William Makepeace, 63 Rockhampton, 75–6, 105, 138, Smith government, 181–3 140–1, 143, 149, 151, 156, social character, 219, 268–70 172, 183, 188, 192, 208, social class, 81 224, 264 1860s, 82–3 Rogers, Frederic, 96 social conditions, 58–9 Rogers, James ‘Cocky’, 53, 54 socialism, 66, 117–18, 120–1, 125, Ross, William, 40 129, 149, 151–2, 165 Rudd, Steele, see Davis, Arthur soldier settlement, 175 Hoey Somerville, George, 53 Russian exiles, 160 South Coast Motorway, 254–5 Ryan, T. A., 156 South East Queensland Electricity Ryan, Thomas Joseph Board, 239–40 government Sparkes, Robert, 226, 228, clashes with Federal 238 government, 158 Special Branch ‘hot-bed of disloyalty’, 159 abolition, 253 resignation, 163 instituted, 203–5 support for WWI, 158 Spence, James, 68 Springbok protests, 223, 225 The Saints (music group), 223 squatters Scanlon, James, 47 opposition to, 63–4 Schmidt, Wilhelm, 54 social standing, 82 Schwarz, George, 193 Squires, F. K., 189 seasons, 5 St Patrick’s Day Bash, 203, see also secondary punishment system, strikes, railways 1948 27–9, see also names of State Transport Act, 184 individual convict stations, amended, 224 see also convict system protests against, 215 dismantled, 50 States of Emergency public opposition to, 42 electicity industry strike 1956, sectarianism, 88, 184 209

Index 327

electricity industry strikes collaboration with Italian 1970s, 238 workers, 179 meat industry strikes 1946, 201 Stuart, Julian, 119 metals industry strike 1960, 216 Stubley, Francis, 138 Mount Isa strikes, 217 suffrage for women, 127–8, 148 Palm Island riots 2004, 266 sugar industry, 180 shearers’ strike 1956, 209 1880s, 112 South East Queensland Electricy 1890s, 133 Board strikes 1980s, 239 Great Depression, 180 Springbok protests 1971, 225 reliance on indentured labour, 99 Steel Rails case, 114 Sullivan, James, 38 Stephens, A. G., 119, 269 Suppression of Contagious Stephens, James Brunton, 142 Diseases Act, 87 Stephens, J. B., 67 Swan, James, 63 Stewart, Rev, Charles, 67 Swann (convict), 39 Stradbroke Island, 46 street march ban, see civil rights, Taiata, 18 Right to March campaign Tasman, Abel Janszoon, 17 strikes Teamaru (South Sea Islander), 100 anti-Chinese, 106–7 Theodore, Edward Brisbane general strike attack on ‘disruptionists’, 162 1912, 150–1 corruption charges, 169 Chinese workers, 68 formation of AWA, 149 Collinsville 1967, 217 London embargo, 165 electricity industry opposition to union 1970s, 238–40 activism, 163 Gladstone, 238 resignation, 165–6 Joondaryan wool dispute, 121 in Ryan government, 153 maritime strike 1890, 121–2 Theodore government, 161 meat industry 1946, 200, 201 Thiess, Sir Leslie, 245 Mount Isa, 216–17 Thorn, George, 138 national coal industry 1949, 205 Toowoomba, 188 police, 66 de Torres, Luis Baez, 15 pre-WWI, 148, 149–50 Torres Strait Islanders, 5, 15, 23, railways 1948, 201–4 51, 101–2, 170, 179, 192, Redbank colliery, 82 212, 234, 237, 256, 258, 268 shearers 1891, 122–3 Torres Strait Mail Service, 114 shearers 1894, 125 Towns, Robert, 99 shearers 1956, 208 Townsville South East Queensland Electricy American troop presence, 188 Board, 239–40 strikes 1919, 162–3 South Johnstone 1927, 166 Tozer, Horace, 123 success after Federation, 149 trade unionism, 118–19, see also sugar industry 1911, 150 strikes, see also labour sugar industry 1927, 177 relations, see also labour Townsville 1919, 162–3 movement between the wars, 159 decline 1890s, 124 waterside boycott 1945, 214 expansion after Federation, 148 Weil’s disease, 177 for women, 128

328 Index

Trafﬁc Act, see State Transport Act Windmell, Charles, 67 Tui Tonga (Fijian), 145 women, 270 Tupaia, 18 activism, 127–8 Turrbal people, 34, 35, 56 Bjelke-Petersen years, 223 displaced by Lang migrants, 62 social status, 126, 127 Women’s Peace Army, 156 Ullathorne, William, 50 Woogunbarah people, 54 Undanbi people, 30–2 Wooinambi (Aboriginal elder), 53 Unemployed Workers Insurance wool trade, 56–8 Act, 181 Woorabinda reserve, 172, 193 United Loyalist Executive, 160, 161 Woppaburra people, 140 University of Queensland, 215, 223 Worker (newspaper), 119, 121, Urquhart, Frederick, 160, 161 151, 208 Utah Development Company, 237 World Expo ’88, 23, 250–1 World War I vegetation, 3 conscription, 156 Vietnam Action Committee, 215 enemy aliens, 157 Vietnam War protests, 215–16, enlistments, 155 223, 225 labour opposition to, 157 Vosper, Frederic, 118 material effects, 154 leaves Queensland, 124 Qld entry, 154 voting, compulsory World War II, 187 preferential, 210 African–Americans, 193–4 American troop presence, 186, Walker, Frederick, 72, 73, 95 187 Walker, George Washington, 25 internment, 191–3 Walsh, John, 165 race riots, 194 ‘Waltzing Matilda’, 142 racism, 193 Warburton, Neville, 249 Americanisation, 194–5 Waterside Workers Federation, 190 effects, 189 Watts, John, 95 Qld’s role, 187–8 Webster, Ed, 195 Wright, Judith, 231 Weipa mission, 192, 212–14 Westbrook Boys Home, 210 Yarrabah mission, 213 Whish, Claudius, 101 Yidinydji people, 136 White, J. P., 11 Yock, Daniel, 254 White Australia policy, 169 Young, Beryl, 228 whiteness (racial characteristic), Young, Margaret, 73 175, see also racism youth sub-culture, 198, see also Whitrod, Ray, 243 bodgies and widgies Wik decision, 257 effect of Americanisation, 196 Wik Mungkan people, 5 protests, 215–16 Wik people rebellion, 198 native title, 257 Yuggera people Wild Rivers Act, 263 reprisals against, 56 Wildlife Preservation Society, 230 resistance to settlers, 53 Willoughby, Mary, 58 Government response, 54 Wills, Tom, 95 Wills massacre, 95 Zhou Man, 14, 15