DOCSLIB.ORG

The Revived Serbian Nationalism During Milosevic's Era and the God-Given Answer to the Kosovo Question

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Revived Serbian Nationalism During Milosevic's Era and the God-Given Answer to the Kosovo Question ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΡΙΑΚΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ ΣΧΟΛΗ Οικονομικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών Τμήμα Πολιτικής Επιστήμης και Δημόσιας Διοίκησης ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ Σπουδές Νοτιοανατολικής Ευρώπης: Πολιτική, Ιστορία, Οικονομία ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ The revived Serbian nationalism during Milosevic's era and the God-given answer to the Kosovo question ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ Κ. ΜΠΟΥΡΛΕΤΟΣ Επιβλέπων Παντελής Λέκκας, Καθηγητής ΑΘΗΝΑ Σεπτέμβριος 2019 1 ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ The revived Serbian nationalism during Milosevic's era and the God-given answer to the Kosovo question Ιωάννης Κ. Μπουρλέτος Α.Μ.: 181220 ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩΝ Παντελής Λέκκας, Καθηγητής Σεπτέμβριος 2019 2 Table of Contents ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ................................................................................................................... 3 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 5 A. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 6 B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................ 9 C. MAIN ANALYSIS ................................................................................................. 13 I. From Communism to the End of the Federal State .............................................. 13 1. Serbian Intellectuals and the Albanian Awakening Before and After Tito ..... 14 2. The Defeat of 1974 .......................................................................................... 15 II. Τhe Intellectuals as the Forefathers of the New Nationalism ............................. 18 III. The Milosevic Era .............................................................................................. 21 1. Between Left and Right ................................................................................... 22 IV. The Shaping of Collective Identity and "Kosovo Belongs to the Serbs" ......... 24 1. The Cultural Renovation and the Search for New Role Models ..................... 26 2. The Militants of the State ................................................................................. 27 V. Religion, Nationalism and the God-Given Right ................................................ 30 1. The Serbian Orthodox Church Throughout History ........................................ 31 2. Rehabilitating the Church ................................................................................ 32 D. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 35 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................ 38 3 ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ Η δεκαετία του 1990 ήταν δεκαετία αλλαγών για τη Σερβία. Η κατάρρευση του κομμουνιστικού καθεστώτος είχε ως αποτέλεσμα μια σειρά από απόπειρες για επανορισμό και επανατοποθέτηση της ύπαρξης του κάθε έθνους, υπό την προϋπόθεση της αυτονομίας τους. Ο εθνικισμός, επομένως, αποκτά πρωτεύοντα ρόλο σε όλη την έκταση της περιοχής, αφού ποτέ δε θα μπορούσε να είναι απών από μία τέτοια προσπάθεια. Αυτή η εργασία, εστιάζοντας στο συγκεκριμένο παράδειγμα του Σερβικού εθνικισμού, σπαρμένο και καλλιεργημένο καθ'όλη τη διάρκεια της εγκαθίδρυσης μίας Σερβικής διοίκησης - η οποία θα τίθεντο ως διάδοχος της προηγούμενης κομμουνιστικής διοίκησης στο σύστημα του συνασπισμού θα στοχεύσει σε μία βαθύτερη ανάλυση του ερωτήματος του Κοσόβου. Η έμφαση θα δοθεί στη σύνδεση του εθνικισμού με τις αναγεννημένες εθνικές ταυτότητες που θα έψαχναν απαραιτήτως μία πληθώρα από κοινά στοιχεία πάνω τα οποία θα αποτελούσαν το εύφορο έδαφος για δημιουργία και ευημερία, και τις οποίες παρείχαν οι πολυμήχανοι διαννοούμενοι και η Εκκλησία. Χρησιμοποιώντας κυρίως τις θεωρίες του Anderson, του Kedourie και του Gellner η παρούσα διατριβή θα δείξει πώς το ερώτημα του Κοσόβου είναι, ουσιαστικά, η προσπάθεια της Σερβικής ταυτότητας να κυριαρχήσει έναντι του πρώην αυτόνομου τομέα της Γιουγκοσλαβίας. Η εγκαθίδρυση της ενοποιημένης ιδέας κατά την περίοδο του Τίτου μετατρέπεται στον αναγεννημένο εθνικισμό του Μιλόσεβιτς, που θα συνδυάσει τελικά στοιχεία φαινομενικά ανομοιογενή και, πολλές φορές, αντικρουόμενα. Θα επιχειρήσω να δείξω πως αυτά τα αντικρουόμενα στοιχεία χρησιμοποιούνται με σκοπό την επανεγγραφή της ιστορίας και, ως εκ τούτου, την προώθηση της σερβικής ταυτότητας ως συνώνυμη με την Γιουγκοσλαβική, με τον ταυτόχρονο υποβιβασμό των υπολοίπων. 4 ΛΕΞΕΙΣ ΚΛΕΙΔΙΑ: Εθνικισμός, Σερβία, Κόσοβο, Μιλόσεβιτς, Διανοούμενοι 5 ABSTRACT The 1990s were the decade of change in Yugoslavia. The collapse of the communist regime resulted in a series of attempts to re-define and relocate each nation's existence, under the condition of their autonomy. Nationalism, therefore, obtains a prominent role throughout the region, since it could never be absent from such a venture. This paper, focusing on the specific example of the Serbian nationalism, sown and grown throughout the years of the establishment of a Serbian governance - that would pose as the heir of the previous communist one in the federal system -, will attempt a deeper analysis of the Kosovo question. The emphasis will fall on the connection of nationalism and the creation of revived national identities that would necessarily seek a plethora of common elements on which to build and prosper, ingeniously provided by the intellectuals and the Church. By mainly utilising the theories of Anderson, Kedourie and Gellner the present thesis will show how the Kosovo question is, in its essence, the effort for the Serbian identity to dominate over a former autonomous Yugoslavian province. The establishment of the unified idea in Tito's era becomes Milosevic's revived nationalism, that will eventually combine seemingly disparate and, sometimes, controversial elements. I argue that these controversial clues are used in order to revise history and, as a consequence, to promote the Serbian identity as synonymous to the Yugoslav identity and simultaneously undermine the others. KEYWORDS: Nationalism, Serbia, Kosovo, Milosevic, Intellectuals 6 A. INTRODUCTION The collapse of the communist regimes that took place during the early 1990s entirely changed the world, and the international status quo which was agreed on after the end of the WWII in Yalta (Jundt 2005: p.101) does no longer exist. For the Balkans, the end of communism is synonymous with the break of Yugoslavia, among other things.1 The collapse of Yugoslavia and the creation of the nation states is only the result of a long-term process which took place within the federal state. The establishment of a common identity which aimed to the cohesion of the different nationalities proved to be fruitless, and led to a new wave of nationalisms throughout Europe. In post-WWII Yugoslavia, Tito's governance tried to enforce a policy of unification to overcome the conflicts among the national group. He emphasised the creation of a narrative that promoted Brotherhood and Unity amongst the different ethnicities in the socialist federal state. He, therefore, tried to formulate an identity that would pertain in both the national and socialist traits of the people. To achieve that he organised a network of institutions which contributed to the establishment of the "new Yugoslav socialist culture" (Ramet 2006: p.xiv). This was an effort for the common national identity to be based on the glorious past of Resistance while still maintaining at its forefront the partisan ideas. Apart from the utilisation of the prolific partisan writers to ensure the creation of the unified idea (Ramet 2006: p.xiv), Tito's policy also included the ban of ethnic-nationalist rhetoric. In general terms this enforced a balanced policy in order to face the nationalities' separating demands. This was not the first time in history when the establishment of a unified idea took place, but it certainly was outstanding. The search of the common elements which could connect people living in the area created a historical conundrum, whose importance dramatically escalated during the establishment of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. However, the logic behind the creation of a common identity after the WWI differed from the one during Tito's governance. In contrast to the Kingdom of Serbia, as Scholar Dinka Corkalo Biruski observed, it was more than the ideology of brotherhood that kept ethnic tensions at bay during Tito's era ( Biruski 2012: p.332). It was the inter-communal ties in social networks (Biruski 2012: p.332) which tried to restrict the dominance of Serbia over the other nationalities. In spite of the successful coexistence under Tito, the establishment of the unified idea did not actually occur and the peaceful years were succeeded by uprising nationalisms which led to the war in the 1990s. One of the main issues of the collapse of the federation correlated with the character of the autonomous provinces and especially with the territory of Kosovo, where numerous traumatic military expeditions took place. The Kosovo 1 See Mazower's The Balkans: A Short History. 7 question still remains in the centre of the international community nowadays, and the present thesis will make an attempt to delve into it, drawing on the connection and the continuity of the Yugoslav identity to the Serbian one, and most importantly, from the perspective of the Serbian nationalism. According to what was mentioned above, a crucial issue for the unification of the Yugoslav people was the position of the Serbs in it. The other nationalities felt that the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Authenticity in Electronic Dance Music in Serbia at the Turn of the Centuries
    The Other by Itself: Authenticity in electronic dance music in Serbia at the turn of the centuries Inaugural dissertation submitted to attain the academic degree of Dr phil., to Department 07 – History and Cultural Studies at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Irina Maksimović Belgrade Mainz 2016 Supervisor: Co-supervisor: Date of oral examination: May 10th 2017 Abstract Electronic dance music (shortly EDM) in Serbia was an authentic phenomenon of popular culture whose development went hand in hand with a socio-political situation in the country during the 1990s. After the disintegration of Yugoslavia in 1991 to the moment of the official end of communism in 2000, Serbia was experiencing turbulent situations. On one hand, it was one of the most difficult periods in contemporary history of the country. On the other – it was one of the most original. In that period, EDM officially made its entrance upon the stage of popular culture and began shaping the new scene. My explanation sheds light on the fact that a specific space and a particular time allow the authenticity of transposing a certain phenomenon from one context to another. Transposition of worldwide EDM culture in local environment in Serbia resulted in scene development during the 1990s, interesting DJ tracks and live performances. The other authenticity is the concept that led me to research. This concept is mostly inspired by the book “Death of the Image” by philosopher Milorad Belančić, who says that the image today is moved to the level of new screen and digital spaces. The other authenticity offers another interpretation of a work, or an event, while the criterion by which certain phenomena, based on pre-existing material can be noted is to be different, to stand out by their specificity in a new context.
    [Show full text]
  • Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies Central European Studies Charles W
    Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies Central European Studies Charles W. Ingrao, senior editor Gary B. Cohen, editor Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies A Scholars’ Initiative Edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas A. Emmert United States Institute of Peace Press Washington, D.C. D Purdue University Press West Lafayette, Indiana Copyright 2009 by Purdue University. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Second revision, May 2010. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars’ Initiative / edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas A. Emmert. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-55753-533-7 1. Yugoslavia--History--1992-2003. 2. Former Yugoslav republics--History. 3. Yugoslavia--Ethnic relations--History--20th century. 4. Former Yugoslav republics--Ethnic relations--History--20th century. 5. Ethnic conflict-- Yugoslavia--History--20th century. 6. Ethnic conflict--Former Yugoslav republics--History--20th century. 7. Yugoslav War, 1991-1995. 8. Kosovo War, 1998-1999. 9. Kosovo (Republic)--History--1980-2008. I. Ingrao, Charles W. II. Emmert, Thomas Allan, 1945- DR1316.C66 2009 949.703--dc22 2008050130 Contents Introduction Charles Ingrao 1 1. The Dissolution of Yugoslavia Andrew Wachtel and Christopher Bennett 12 2. Kosovo under Autonomy, 1974–1990 Momčilo Pavlović 48 3. Independence and the Fate of Minorities, 1991–1992 Gale Stokes 82 4. Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995 Marie-Janine Calic 114 5. The International Community and the FRY/Belligerents, 1989–1997 Matjaž Klemenčič 152 6. Safe Areas Charles Ingrao 200 7. The War in Croatia, 1991–1995 Mile Bjelajac and Ozren Žunec 230 8. Kosovo under the Milošević Regime Dusan Janjić, with Anna Lalaj and Besnik Pula 272 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Situation Der Medien in Serbien
    7Christova-Förger:Layout 1 25.03.09 15:38 Seite 95 95 DIE SITUATION DER MEDIEN IN SERBIEN Christiana Christova / Dirk Förger Dr. Christiana Christova ist Assis - tentin des Medien- „Medien haben die Möglichkeit, programms Südost- europa der Konrad- sich an der Suche nach der Wahrheit zu beteiligen Adenauer-Stiftung und einen Teil am Versöhnungsprozess in Sofia/Bulgarien. der Menschen zu übernehmen.”1 EINLEITUNG Die Auflösung des ehemaligen Jugoslawien führte über eine Reihe von Kriegen und Abspaltungen. Eckdaten dabei waren die Konflikte um Slowenien (1991), Kroatien (1991–1995) und Bosnien-Herzegowina (1992–1995). 1993 wurde die Un- abhängigkeit Mazedoniens anerkannt, 2006 erhielt Montene- gro seine Eigenständigkeit. Im Februar 2008 erklärte schließ- Dr. Dirk Förger ist lich der Kosovo seine Unabhängigkeit. Der Zerfallsprozess Journalist und Lei- ter des Medienpro- war von politischen Systemänderungen begleitet: Während gramms Südosteu- Jugoslawien bis zur Absetzung Miloševićs 2000 ein autoritär ropa der Konrad- geführtes Regime hatte, setzte mit den Wahlen von Vojislav Adenauer-Stiftung mit Sitz in Sofia/ Kostunica zum Präsidenten und insbesondere von Zoran Đin- Bulgarien. dić zum Ministerpräsidenten eine liberal-demokratische Ent- wicklung ein. Diese verläuft mal positiv, mal erleidet sie schwere Rückschläge wie durch die Ermordung Đindićs 2003. Immerhin steuert der im Mai 2008 wieder gewählte Präsident Serbiens, Boris Tadic, das Land auf einen proeuro- päischen Kurs und hat den EU-Beitritt zum obersten Ziel er- klärt. 1 | Veran Matic, Direktor von B92, im der Sendung „kulturplatz”, 27.08.08 7Christova-Förger:Layout 1 25.03.09 15:38 Seite 96 96 Die Lage der Medien in Die Veränderungen auf politischer Ebene wirkten sich natür- Serbien ist trotz positi- lich auch stark auf die Medienlandschaft aus.
    [Show full text]
  • Ovčara Case Trial for the War Crimes Against the War Prisoners War Crimes Chamber of the District Court in Belgrade, Serbia Number of Case: K.V
    Ovčara case Trial for the war crimes against the war prisoners War Crimes Chamber of the District Court in Belgrade, Serbia Number of case: K.V. br.1/2003 Trial Chamber: Vesko Krstajić (the presiding judge), Gordana Božilović-Petrović (judge) and Vinka Beraha-Nikićević (judge). Prosecutor: Deputy War Crimes Prosecutor Dušan Knežević. Defendants: Miroljub Vujović, Stanko Vujanović, Jovica Perić, Ivan Atanasijević, Predrag Madžarac and Milan Vojnović, Serbs from Croatia. Report: Nataša Kandić and Dragoljub Todorović, victims representatives 1 October 2004 The witness, Jovan Dulović, pointed out that, in the fall of 1991, he had been a war correspondent for Politika Ekspres. Then, he had stayed in Vukovar, together with some 10 to 15 other correspondents, at the home of the Pajić family which stood across the road from the house of the father of defendant Stanko Vujanović. In his words, captain Radić used to come, very often, to the house of defendant Vujanović; from time to time, major Šljivančanin would also drop in; not far from the said house a unit commanded by defendant Lančužanin was billeted, the unit which everybody used to call "šešeljevci" (Šešelj's followers). Very often in the presentation of his testimony, witness Dulović consulted his notebook so that, at one moment, he read from the notebook that, on 13 November 1991, Vojislav Šešelj had been in the house of defendants Stanko Vujanović and Nada Kalaba and had said on the occasion that the Yugoslav National Army (YNA), members of territorial Defense (TD) and volunteers were one and the same army and that "no ustasha may leave Vukovar alive".
    [Show full text]
  • Financing Presidential Electoral Campaign in Serbia 2004
    Vladimir Goati Nemanja Nenadić Predrag Jovanović FINANCING PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN IN SERBIA 2004 A blow to political corruption or preservation of status quo? This book is a part of the project Promoting Democracy and Preventing Corruption implemented with the support from Westminster Foundation for Democracy. The stated views belong to the authors and do not necessarily present the opinions of Westminster Foundation for Democracy. Transparency - Serbia, Belgrade 2004 Financing Presidential Electoral Campaign in Serbia 2004 A Blow to Political Corruption or Preservation of Status Quo? Translators: Olivera Ristanović (Introductory notes, chapters 1,2) Nebojša Naumović (chapters 3,4,5) Transparency Serbia (tables and annexes)* Publisher: Transparency Serbia 29. novembra 36/I Belgrade tel.: +381 11 303 38 27 fax: +381 11 322 81 96 [email protected] www.transparentnost.org.yu For publisher: Branislav Miletić Layout: Transparency Serbia, Belgrade Printing: Arteast, Belgrade Circulation: 200 ISBN: 86 - 84711-07 - 6 * Translation of some legal documents, presented in Documentation Annex was made by, or in consultation with OSCE Mission to Serbia and Montenegro - legal translation unit. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations ................................................................... ix Introductory Notes .......................................................................1 Vladimir Goati Scope of research......................................................................... 5 Increase in election costs .........................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Solo Exhibitions and Selected Group Exhibitions 2019 Ineffable Manifestations, Invitational Group Exhibition, Curated by Jon Seals
    solo exhibitions and selected group exhibitions 2019 Ineffable Manifestations, invitational group exhibition, curated by Jon Seals. Yale Divinity School Institute of Sacred Music, New Haven, CT. 2018 On Real and Unreal, invitational group exhibition. Curated by Magdalena Andrić. 6th Belgrade Festival of European Literature. Dom Omladine, Belgrade, Serbia. 2017 Sneyg, solo exhibition. Nacionalna Galerija, Belgrade, Serbia (catalogue) Mediterenien Routes – Imago Mundi: Benetton Collection, invitational commissioned exhibition. Zisa, Zona Arti Contemporanee, Palermo, Italy. Selector: Mirjana Dabović Pejović, curator and program manager at the Atelier Dado, National Museum of Montenegro, Cetinje, Montenegro. (catalogue) Face to Face, Imago Mundi: Benetton Collection, Bosnian Cultural Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mapping of contemporary creativity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. Invitational commissioned exhibition. Selector: Mirjana Dabović Pejović, curator and program manager at the Atelier Dado, National Museum of Montenegro, Cetinje, Montenegro. (catalogue) The Great Spirograph Challenge, invitational exhibition. The Tower Gallery, College of Brockport SUNY. 72nd Traditional Exhibition, group exhibition. Art Pavilion Gallery, Association of Fine Artists of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro. (catalogue) Salon: A Group Exhibition, Anthony Brunelli Fine Arts Gallery, Binghamton, NY Faculty Exhibition, Elsie B. Rosefsky Memorial Art Gallery, Binghamton University, NY 2016 Sand and Snow, solo exhibition. Anthony Brunelli Fine Arts Gallery, Binghamton, NY (catalogue) 1 natalija mijatović Between Clock and Bed, invitational exhibition. Yale Divinity School, New Haven, CT. Works by Laura Mosquera, Natalija Mijatovic, Kirsten Moran, Stephen Knudsen, Kenny Jensen, and Ronnie Rysz. Curated by Jon Seals. Adaptation: Transforming Representation – Re-Presenting Transformation, Chiasmi: Brown-Harvard Graduate Student Conference of Italian Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI.
    [Show full text]
  • BITI IZ VAN Ka Redefinisanju Kulturnog Identiteta Srbije
    BITI IZ VAN Ka redefinisanju kulturnog identiteta Srbije Publikaciju BITI IZ/VAN – Ka redefinisanju kulturnog identiteta Srbije realizuje KULTURKLAMMER – centar za kulturne interakcije uz podršku ERSTE Bank a.d. Novi Sad. TO BE FROM/OUT The publication TO BE FROM/OUT – Towards the Redefinition of the Cultural Identity of Serbia is realised by KULTURKLAMMER – centre for cultural interactions with the support of the ERSTE Bank a.d. Novi Sad. Zahvaljujemo se svim učesnicima Međunarodne letnje akademije (Bez)granični identiteti koji su svojom motivisanošću, znanjem i zalaganjem doprineli ne samo objavljivanju ove publikacije, već i stvaranju osnove i otvaranju javnog prostora za dalje bavljenje ovim HVALA važnim društvenim pitanjem. Posebnu zahvalnost dugujemo ERSTE Bank a.d. Novi Sad na doslednoj podršci realizaciji projekta, bez koje do sada postignuti rezultati ne bi bili mogući. (Bez)granični identiteti – višeznačnost pojma | 3 4 | BITI IZ/VAN Our gratitude goes to all participants of the International Summer Academy (UN)Limited Identities for their motivation, knowledge and endeavours, which contributed not only to the content of this publication but also to creation of the basis and opening of the public space for further dealing with this important societal issue. We owe a special thanks to the ERSTE Bank a.d. Novi Sad for continuous support without which the results that were achieved until now would not be possible. ACKNOWLEDGMENT (Bez)granični identiteti – višeznačnost pojma | 5 8 | Kulturklammer | UVOD J 14 | (Bez)granični identITeti
    [Show full text]
  • “Antibureaucratism” As a Yugoslav Phenomenon: the View from Northwest Croatia
    Nationalities Papers (2019), 47: 4, 562–580 doi:10.1017/nps.2018.40 SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE “Antibureaucratism” as a Yugoslav Phenomenon: The View from Northwest Croatia Rory Archer* Department of History and Sociology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract Most studies of the antibureaucratic revolution have focused on political elites and activists in Serbia, Montenegro, and the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo. Recent scholarship has focused on individual participants, often workers, and takes their agency seriously. Building upon such research, this article explores the antibureaucratic revolution as a particular manifestation of a larger sociocultural process, constitutive of long-term structural changes across the whole of Yugoslavia. An analysis of workplace documents and local newspapers in northwest Croatia demonstrates that antibureaucratic sentiment was not the prerogative of Serbian and Montenegrins but of Yugoslav citizens more generally. Yugoslavs were conditioned by the party-state to be critical of bureaucracy. Workers began to admonish the expansion of administrative positions, which they blamed for their falling living standards. Despite decentralizing and autarkic tendencies in political and economic life in late socialist Yugoslavia, working class discontents (and representations of it) remained remarkably similar across republican boundaries. In Rijeka and its environs, a shift does not occur until in mid-1988. Condemnations of nationalism become more urgent and a skepticism toward the mass protests occurring in Serbia is palpable from this point onward. Keywords: Yugoslavia; labor history; antibureaucratic revolution; late socialism; Rijeka Introduction In September 1987, a blue-collar worker wrote and published a scathing article in which he portrayed a situation where white-collar workers were abusing their position at the expense of other workers.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Publication
    Not for citation without the author’s permission NUMBER 66 THE THIRD YUGOSLAVIA, 1992 - 2001 Sabrina P. Ramet July 2001 EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES This essay is one of a series of Occasional Papers published by East European Studies at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC. The series aims to extend the work of East European scholars and specialists to all those interested in the region and to help authors obtain constructive criticism of work in progress. Occasional Papers are written by resident scholars at the Wilson Center as well as by visiting speakers. They are papers presented at or resulting from discussions, seminars, colloquia, and conferences held under the auspices of East European Studies. The most current Occasional Papers as well as a list of Occasional Papers are available on the EES web site: http://www.wilsoncenter.org/ees. Printed copies of papers may also be obtained free of charge by contacting the EES offices: East European Studies The Woodrow Wilson Center One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 (tel) 202-691-4000; (fax) 202-691-4001 [email protected] Established in 1985 as the East European Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, EES provides a center in Washington, DC, where advanced research on Eastern Europe could be pursued by qualified scholars; where encouragement and support could be given to the cultivation of East European studies throughout the country; and where contact could be maintained with similar institutions abroad. Renamed East European Studies in 1989, it also seeks to provide a meeting place for East European scholars, government officials, analysts, and other specialists and practitioners in the field and related areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Literatura O Miloradu Pavi]U 1952-1995. 1952
    LITERATURA O MILORADU PAVI]U 1952-1995. 1952. · @ivanovi}, dr \or|e. Na{i prevodi Poltave. - /Pogovor u kwizi / A. S. Pu{kin "Poltava", prevod: M. Pavi}, Beograd, Novo pokoqewe, 1952; str. 67-73. 1958. · Top~i}, Zaim. Novi prevod Pu{kinovog Owegina. - @ivot, 1958, kw. X, 2 -3; str. 205-206. · @ivan~evi}, Milorad. Novi prevod Pu{kinovog Evgenija Owegina. - NIN, 23.III 1958. · Mitropan, Petar. Na{ "Evgenije Owegin". - Kwi`evne novine, 4. IV 1958. · Zaharov, Lav. /Zari}, Milan/. Owegin u novom prevodu. - Letopis Matice srpske, 1958, 381, 4; str. 402-405. · Vulevi}, J. Novi prevod Pu{kinovog Evgenija Owegina. - Prosvjetni rad, 1. V 1958. · Anonim. A. S. Pu{kin: Evgenije Owegin. - Stvarawe, 1958, 7-8; str. 685-686. 1961. · Jovanovi}, Bo`idar. Vojislav Ili}: Sabrana dela. - Borba, 3. XII 1961. 1962. · Kova~evi}, Bo`idar. Vojislav Ili}: Sabrana dela. - Kwi`evne novine, 12. I 1962. · Stanojevi}, Stanoje. Vojislav Ili}: Sabrana dela I-II. - Brani~evo, 1962, VIII, 1-2; str. 128-131. · Vlatkovi}, Dragoqub. Milorad Pavi}: Vojislav Ili}, Kwi`evnost i jezik, 1962, IX, 3; str. 253-254. · Puva~i}, Du{an. Vojislav Ili}. - Kwi`evne novine, 4. V 1962. · Jovanovi}, Ra{ko. Milorad Pavi}: Vojislav Ili}. - Kwi`evnost, Beograd, 1962, XXXIV, 5; str. 449-451. · Kova~ek, Bo`idar. Vojislav Ili}: Sabrana dela I-II. - Letopis Matice srpske, VII 1962; str. 97-100. · Pei}, B. Milorad Pavi}: Vojislav Ili}. - Susreti, 1962, X, 9-10; str. 801-802. · Proti}, Predrag. Milorad Pavi}: Vojislav Ili}. - Savremenik, 1962, 10; str. 312-314. 1964. · Zaharov, Lav. /Zari}, Milan/. Jedan vek prevo|ewa "Evgenija Owegina".
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report on Editorial Cultures: Serbia
    FINAL REPORT ON EDITORIAL CULTURES: SERBIA National coordinator: Igor Z. Zagar, Educational Research Institute & University of Primorska Researcher: Katja Zeljan EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Ljubljana, Slovenia Project report prepared for EMEDIATE, WP3 Project title: EMEDIATE: Media and Ethics of a European Public Sphere from the Treaty of Rome to the ‘War on Terror’. EU Sixth Framework Program, Specific Targeted Research Project, Priority 7: Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge-Based Society. Project no. CIT2-CT-2004- 506027. 1 CONTENTS: Introduction (3) Literature review General description of the literature review (6) Literature review (6) Interviews Analysis of interviews (17) Conclusions (22) Annotated bibliography Annotated bibliography with short abstracts (24) Books (24) PhD dissertations (45) Articles (45) 2 1. INTRODUCTION Serbs settled in the Balkan Peninsula in the 6th and 7th century and accepted Christianity in the 9th century. Civil strife and constant warfare with their Bulgarian, Greek, and Magyar neighbors characterized the early history of the Serbs. Raska, the first organized Serbian state, was probably founded in the early 9th century in the Bosnian mountains; it steadily expanded from the 10th century. Bulgaria, meanwhile, challenged Byzantium for sovereignty over the Serbs. Stephen Nemanja, whom the Byzantine emperor recognized as grand zhupan of Serbia in 1159, founded a dynasty that ruled for two centuries. His son and successor assumed the title king of all Serbia in 1217 with the pope's blessing. However, the king's brother, Sava, archbishop of Serbia, succeeded in having papal influence eliminated from the kingdom; in 1219 he won recognition from the patriarch of Constantinople of an autocephalous Serbian Orthodox Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Hailing the Serbian “People”
    HAILING THE SERBIAN “PEOPLE”: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CENTRAL ROLE OF THE KOSOVO MYTH IN THE CONSTITUTION OF SERBIAN ETHNO-NATIONAL IDENTITY AND THE NORMALIZATION OF VIOLENCE IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA by CHRISTINA M. MORUS (Under the Direction of Kevin DeLuca) ABSTRACT Throughout the fifty years in which Josip Broz Tito was the leader of Yugoslavia, ethnic tensions had been nearly non-existent. Throughout the region, Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks had shared the same schools, places of employment and residences, and had a common language. For the most part, people’s ethnic and religious identities were subordinate to their identity as Yugoslavs. Yet, by the end of the 1980s, ethno-national consciousness became a part of the daily lives of many Yugoslav people. For this to be possible, peoples’ Yugoslav identity had to become tertiary. This project examines the role of rhetoric in discounting the pan-Slavic identity among Serbs and in constituting an exclusive, racialized, and highly politicized Serbian people in its place. I critique the rhetorical strategies of Serbian cultural elites and analyze the public discourse of Slobodan Milosevic with an eye to the ways in which politics and culture worked in conjunction toward a common end. In doing so I posit the effects of constitutive discourses on the polarizing national identities that rapidly replaced the largely unified Yugoslav identity, thereby legitimizing the mass violence that characterized the break-up of the Yugoslav Federation. Through essential discourses of historic victimization, the way in which Serb identity was situated in relation to Yugoslavia and the rest of the world at large was increasingly polarizing.
    [Show full text]