DOCSLIB.ORG

JANUS on JUICE: a Camera to Investigate Ganymede, Europa, Callisto and the Jovian System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
JANUS on JUICE: a Camera to Investigate Ganymede, Europa, Callisto and the Jovian System JANUS on JUICE: A Camera to Investigate Ganymede, Europa, Callisto and the Jovian System. N. Schmitz1, P. Palumbo9, R. Jaumann1, V. Della Corte2, M. Zusi3, J. M. Castro4, M. Leese5, S. Debei6, D. Magrin7, H. Michalik8, G. Cremonese7, H. Hoffmann1, A. Holland5, L. M. Lara4, B. Fiethe8, E. Friso6, D. Greggio7, M. Her- ranz4, A. Koncz1, A. Lichopoj1, I. Martinez-Navajas4, E. Mazzotta Epifani3, H. Michaelis1, T. Behnke1, R. Rag- azzoni7, T. Roatsch1, J. Rodrigo4, E. Rodriguez4, P. Schipani3, M. Soman5, M. Zaccariotto6, & the JANUS team. 1 DLR-Institute for Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany; 2 INAF-IAPS, Rome, Italy; 3 INAF-OAC, Naples, Italy; 4 IAA-CSIC, Granada, Spain; 5 CEI-Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; 6 CISAS, University of Padova, Pado- va, Italy, 7 INAF-OAPd, Padova Italy; 8 IDA, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany; 9 DIST, Partheno- pe University, Napoli, Italy. Introduction: The detailed investigation of three of response of ices and ice/salt/clathrate mixtures w.r.t. Jupiter‘s Galilean satellites (Ganymede, Europa, and tectonic stress? To what extent are surfaces altered by Callisto), which are believed to harbour subsurface cosmic weathering and what are the major exogenic water oceans, is central to elucidating the conditions surface alteration processes (micrometeorites, radia- for habitability of icy worlds in planetary systems. The tion, charged particles)? What are the fine-scale char- study of the Jupiter system and the possible existence acteristics of non-ice materials on Callisto? By which of habitable environments offer the best opportunity intriguing mechanisms is CO2-replenishment taking for understanding the origins and formation of the gas place on Callisto? giants and their satellite systems. The JUpiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE) camera system JANUS (Jo- Further science objectives of JANUS are to vis, Amorum ac Natorum Undique Scrutator) will de- • Characterize the exospheres of the Galilean satel- termine the formation and characteristics of magmatic, lites and search for potential water plumes; tectonic, and impact features, relate them to surface • Characterize and study the physical properties of forming processes, constrain global and regional sur- other satellites of the Jupiter system, including Io, face ages, and investigate the processes of erosion and the irregular and inner satellites; deposition. Global medium resolution imaging of Gan- • Perform a physical characterization of the ring ymede and important parts of the surface of Callisto system; better than 400 m/pixel will provide context infor- • Study the Jupiter troposphere, imaging the active mation. While the resolution capability of the instru- dynamical processes, cloud systems, waves, vor- ment would allow to provide global coverage at a reso- tices, and other instabilities, determining cloud lution of 75m/pixel, the achievable resolution during structure in discrete features, and detecting light- the mission will be limited by mission data volume. ning; Selected targets will be investigated with high- • Observe Jupiter stratospheric variations due to resolution imaging with spatial resolution from 30 vigorous water meteorology and disturbances m/pixel down to <10m/pixel. The camera system has from large vortices, such as the Great Red Spot; 14 panchromatic, broad- and narrow-band filters in the • Investigate the Jupiter upper atmosphere by imag- 0.36 µm to 1.1 µm range, and provides stereo imaging ing auroral activity and particle precipitation in capabilities. JANUS will also allow relating spectral, the form of polar hazes; laser and radar measurements to geomorphology and • Contribute to the study of the interaction between thus will provide the overall geological context. the Jupiter magnetosphere and the bodies embed- ded in it. The JANUS experiment’s science objectives: Outstanding questions that will be addressed Required Performance of the Instrument to Satisfy by JUICE Imaging [1]: What are the relative roles of the Objectives: tectonism and cryovolcanism in shaping the dark and JANUS is the next logical step after the impressive bright terrains on Ganymede? What does the distribu- successes of the imaging studies by Voyager, Galileo tion of craters on the Galilean satellites tell us about and Cassini of the Jovian system. JANUS will allow the evolution of the impactor population in the Jovian orders-of-magnitude steps ahead in terms of coverage system through time? How is the geological evolution and/or resolution and/or time evolution on many tar- of Ganymede and Europa related to the impact, tecton- gets in the Jupiter system. The JANUS camera’s spa- ic and cryovolcanic history and how is the geological tial resolution ranges from 400 m/pixel to < 10m/pixel evolution correlated with differentiation processes and for the three main Galilean satellites, and from a few stages? What are the ages of specific geological units km/pixel to few tens of km/pixel for Jupiter and the on Ganymede and Europa, and how will these findings other targets in the Jovian system. Based on current contribute to our understanding of the origin and evo- best assumptions on the available data volume, JANUS lution of the Jupiter system? What is the rheological observations will cover about 100% of Ganymede in 4 high- and low-resolution imaging requirements of colours at 400 m/pixel. About 3% of the surface of the mission; Ganymede will be covered with resolutions better than • instrument operations are flexible enough to op- 30 m/pixel down to 7.5m/pixel during the 500 km cir- timize the acquisition parameters with respect to cular orbit. Stereo imaging at Ganymede is doable at the many different observation requirements and resolutions between 5 to 10 m/pixel and around 25 conditions that JANUS will face. The instrument m/pixel. Stereo images will be acquired both in nadir design will allow to adjust the resolution through pointing and by tilting the spacecraft in a subsequent binning, the field of view through windowing, the orbit. Medium-resolution stereo coverage of Gany- signal levels and SNR through integration time mede will be acquired during the flybys. For Callisto, and the instrument calibration parameters through assuming only nadir pointing, JANUS will cover 100 in-flight calibration and data pre-processing. % of the surface at ≤2 km/pixel, 41 % at ≤1 km/pixel, 14 % at ≤ 400 m/pixel, 6.5% at ≤ 200 m/pixel, and The JANUS design concept has been optimized to some targets at resolutions ~ 10 m/pixel, with 4 colour have the highest probability to guarantee a scientific imaging at medium resolutions. 55% of Europa’s sur- success of the mission by the best usage of the re- face can be covered at ≤ 3 km/pixel, 35 % at ≤1 sources allocated to imaging through the implementa- km/pixel, 30% at ≤ 500 m/pixel, 1% at≤ 100 m/pixel tion of a single NAC channel, with WAC capabilities, and about 0.2% at ~ 10 m/pixel. Low- to medium- with high reliability due to the redundancy philosophy. resolution imaging (i.e. km to ~100 m-range) is ob- The JANUS concept has also the advantage to obtain tained in four colours. Spatial resolutions at Io will the low to medium resolution Ganymede global cover- reach 6 to 20 km/pixel with long monitoring times also age early during the mission, allowing an informed at NIR wavelengths. The rings and minor satellites can choice of observation targets for the high-resolution be observed at maximum resolutions of ~7km/pixel. phase. The resolution at Jupiter’s atmosphere will reach The JANUS camera consists of three units with physi- 9km/pixel. The SNR > 100 can be maintained in al- cal I/F with the JUICE spacecraft: a) the optical head most all observational scenarios. including the telescope and mounting structure, the aperture cover, the filter wheel, and the focal plane; b) the proximity electronics; c) the main electronics in- cluding camera control, data handling, compression and power supply. Figure 1: Expected ground resolution and surface cov- erage for Ganymede by JANUS compared to Galileo JANUS instrument design: Figure 2: JANUS overall configuration General design concept A trade-off between different design solutions, performed by the JANUS team in Optical Head: The Optical Head Unit will be integrat- order to satisfy all JUICE mission’s scientific require- ed on a stable platform together with star- tracker and ments, has led to the following architectural choices: other remote sensing instruments in order to allow co- alignment stability. It includes the optics, the external • a catadioptric telescope is coupled with a framing baffle, the mechanisms (filter wheel and cover) and the detector, avoiding a scanning mechanism and any thermo-mechanical module supporting and condition- operational requirement on the S/C; ing the Focal Plane Assembly (FPA). Iso-static mount- • a fine tuning of instrument parameters coupled ings are foreseen to cope with S/C thermal and me- with the mission design allows to have an instru- chanical constraints. ment designed to be fully compliant with both the For multispectral observations, a set of 14 optical fil- ters is implemented in a filterwheel. Figure 5 lists the different bandwidths and central wavelengths for 13 of them. λ / width Filter id. Note [nm] (tbc) Panchromatic – monochromatic FPAN 650/500 imaging FBLUE 450/60 Blue – satellite colours Green, background for Na – FGREEN 530/60 satellite colours Red, background for Ha– Figure 3: JANUS Optical Head Unit with main optical FRED 656/60 satellite colours and functional elements (design details are under re- Continuum for strong Methane view) CMT medium 750/20 band on Jupiter, geology The optical solution adopted as JANUS camera base- Na 590/10 Sodium D-lines in exospheres line is a Three Mirror Anastigmat (TMA). The camera MT strong 889/20 Strong Methane band on Jupiter Continuum for medium is composed by three mirrors sharing the same optical 2+ axis. The first mirror is a concave off-axis hyperboloid, CMT strong 940/20 Methane band on Jupiter, Fe the secondary mirror is convex with a spherical shape, on satellites Medium Methane band on while the tertiary mirror is a concave off-axis oblate MT medium 727/10 ellipsoid [2].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Learning Objective: to Find out What the Romans Believed and to Investigate the Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Rome
    The Romans Learning Objective: To find out what the Romans believed and to investigate the gods and goddesses of ancient Rome. www.planbee.com NEXT Religion was a part of everyday life in ancient Rome. The Romans didn’t believe in just one god but had many different gods and goddesses. They believed that the gods controlled different aspects of their lives and that the gods were all around them. As the Roman empire expanded, new gods were adopted into Roman religion. Many of the Roman gods were also the same as the ancient Greek gods except with different names. BACK www.planbee.com NEXT The ancient Romans would go to the temple everyday to give offerings of meat and other gifts such as flowers to the gods. In the temples and in different places around the city there were also lots of statues of different gods and goddesses. Remains of a Roman temple Statute of Venus, a Roman goddess BACK www.planbee.com NEXT Jupiter Juno Minerva Juno was the wife of Jupiter is the supreme Minerva was the Jupiter. She was the Roman god. He was goddess of wisdom. protector of Rome the son of Saturn. She was also the and guarded over Jupiter is the god of goddess of poetry, the finances of the light and sky. His medicine and empire. Her Greek Greek name is Zeus. warriors. Her Greek name is Hera. name is Athena. BACK www.planbee.com NEXT Vesta Ceres Diana Vesta was the Ceres was the Diana was the goddess of the hearth.
    [Show full text]
  • A Journey in Pictures Through Roman Religion
    A Journey in Pictures through Roman Religion By Ursula Kampmann, © MoneyMuseum What is god? As far as the Romans are concerned we think we know that all too well from our unloved Latin lessons: Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, the Roman Triad as well as the usual gods of the ancient world, the same as the Greek gods in name and effect. In fact, however, the roots of Roman religion lie much earlier, much deeper, in dark, prehistoric times ... 1 von 20 www.sunflower.ch How is god experienced? – In the way nature works A bust of the goddess Flora (= flowering), behind it blossom. A denarius of the Roman mint master C. Clodius Vestalis, 41 BC Roman religion emerged from the magical world of the simple farmer, who was speechless when faced with the miracles of nature. Who gave the seemingly withered trees new blossom after the winter? Which power made the grain of corn in the earth grow up to produce new grain every year? Which god prevented the black rust and ensured that the weather was fine just in time for the harvest? Who guaranteed safe storage? And which power was responsible for making it possible to divide up the corn so that it sufficed until the following year? Each individual procedure in a farmer's life was broken down into many small constituent parts whose success was influenced by a divine power. This divine power had to be invoked by a magic ritual in order to grant its help for the action. Thus as late as the imperial period, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Graham Jones
    Ni{ i Vizantija XIV 629 Graham Jones SEEDS OF SANCTITY: CONSTANTINE’S CITY AND CIVIC HONOURING OF HIS MOTHER HELENA Of cities and citizens in the Byzantine world, Constantinople and its people stand preeminent. A recent remark that the latter ‘strove in everything to be worthy of the Mother of God, to Whom the city was dedicated by St Constantine the Great in 330’ follows a deeply embedded pious narrative in which state and church intertwine in the city’s foundation as well as its subse- quent fortunes. Sadly, it perpetuates a flawed reading of the emperor’s place in the political and religious landscape. For a more nuanced and considered view we have only to turn to Vasiliki Limberis’ masterly account of politico-religious civic transformation from the reign of Constantine to that of Justinian. In the concluding passage of Divine Heiress: The Virgin Mary and the Creation of Christianity, Limberis reaffirms that ‘Constantinople had no strong sectarian Christian tradition. Christianity was new to the city, and it was introduced at the behest of the emperor.’ Not only did the civic ceremonies of the imperial cult remain ‘an integral part of life in the city, breaking up the monotony of everyday existence’. Hecate, Athena, Demeter and Persephone, and Isis had also enjoyed strong presences in the city, some of their duties and functions merging into those of two protector deities, Tyche Constantinopolis, tutelary guardian of the city and its fortune, and Rhea, Mother of the Gods. These two continued to be ‘deeply ingrained in the religious cultural fabric of Byzantium..
    [Show full text]
  • Jupiter and the Bee
    Jupiter and the Bee At the beginning of time, the honeybee had no stinger. This left the bee with no way to protect her honey. The bee worked very hard to make her honey. But people were always taking it from her. This made the bee mad. The bee needed help. She needed a way to protect her honey. The bee decided to ask the gods for help. She took some of her best honey. Then she flew to Mount Olympus. That is where the gods lived. The bee went to see Jupiter. Jupiter was king of the gods. She brought him the honey as a gift. © 2018 Reading Is Fundamental • Content and art created by Simone Ribke Jupiter and the Bee Jupiter loved the honey. He had never tasted something so sweet. Jupiter said it was a great gift. In return, Jupiter promised to give the bee a gift. He asked her what she wanted. The bee asked Jupiter to give her a stinger. She would use it to keep people away from her honey. She would sting people who tried to take honey from her. Jupiter did not like this idea because he loved people. He did not want them to get stung. But he had made her a promise. Jupiter gave the bee a stinger, but using it came at a price. If she uses her stinger, she will die. The bee would have to choose. Will she protect her honey and die? Or will she let people take her honey and live? Jupiter gave stingers to all bees.
    [Show full text]
  • Marble Sculptures from the Imperial Palace in Sirmium
    UDC 904:73"652"(497.113) DOI: 10.2298/STA0656153P 153 IVANA POPOVI] Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade MARBLE SCULPTURES FROM THE IMPERIAL PALACE IN SIRMIUM Abstract. – Few fragments of marble sculpture have been found in the course of the archaeological excavations conducted in Sirmium between 2003 and 2005 at site 85 which is believed to be part of the imperial palace complex. The most important are two almost completely preserved heads of deities. The head of a young person made of milky white, fine-grained marble of exceptionally fine texture from Pentelicon was found under the Late Roman floor in room 7 of the residential structure. The sculpture, of exceptional quality, is from the second half of the 1st century and represents a deity, most probably Venus or Apollo. Another head made of Carrara marble, from the 4th century, was found in a secondary position and on the basis of its mural crown is identified as the Tyche of Sirmium. Key words. – Roman sculpture, marble, Sirmium, deities, personifications. ew fragments of marble sculptures have been smooth surface of the face. It is parted in the middle, discovered in the course of systematic archae- framing the face in gentle waves modeled in relief and F ological excavations conducted in Sirmium with locks emphasized by incisions. On the back of the from 2003 to 2005 at site 85 which is almost certainly head the side locks combed over the ears are gathered the imperial palace complex1 (Fig. 1). The most im- portant are certainly two almost completely preserved heads of deities. * The author presented a brief account of these finds at the The head of a young person (C 109/2003) made of International Meeting Les ateliers de sculpture réginoaux: techni- milky white, fine-grained marble of exceptionally fine ques, styles et iconographie, Xe Colloque international sur l’art texture and originating from Pentelicon2 was discove- provincial romain, Arles et Aix-en-Provence, 21–23 mai 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • JANUS - Camera System – an Optical Camera to Study Global, Regional and Local Morphology and Processes on the Moons, and to Perform Mapping of the Clouds on Jupiter
    Centre for Electronic Imaging A CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for high resolution imaging of the Jovian system Matthew Soman, Andrew D. Holland, Konstantin D. Stefanov, Jason P. Gow, Mark Leese Centre for Electronic Imaging, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK Jérôme Pratlong, Peter Turner e2v technologies plc., 106 Waterhouse Lane, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 2QU, UK Matthew Soman, PSD10, 10 September 2014 CentreJovian systemfor Electronic Imaging 67 known natural satellites 4 largest are ‘Galilean’ moons: Europa, Ganymede, Callisto and Io Io Harsh radiation environment Gammas Europa Protons Heavy ions Ganymede Electrons UV aurora. Image credit: NASA Matthew Soman, PSD10, 10 September 2014 CentreJupiter forIcy ElectronicMoon Explorer Imaging • 1900 kg dry mass • 2900 kg of chemical propellant • Launch 2022 • 8 year cruise phase • 3 years of observations in the Jovian system (2030 to 2033) Jupiter Ganymede Europa Callisto Jovian rings, Io and other satellites O. Grasset et al. “JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE): An ESA mission to orbit Ganymede and to characterise the Jupiter system,” (2013) Planetary and Space Science, 78, 1-21. Image credit: ESA Matthew Soman, PSD10, 10 September 2014 CentreJUICE instruments for Electronic Imaging 11 Instruments with a total mass of around~104 kg – JUICE dry mass ~1900 kg – Propellant mass ~2900 kg • MAJIS - Moons and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer • UVS - UV imaging Spectrograph • SWI - Sub-millimeter Wave Instrument • GALA - GAnymede Laser Altimeter • RIME - Radar for Icy Moons Exploration Image credit: ESA • J-MAG - A magnetometer for JUICE • PEP - Particle Environment Package • RPWI - Radio & Plasma Wave Investigation • 3GM - Gravity & Geophysics of Jupiter and Galilean Moons • PRIDE - Planetary Radio Interferometer & Doppler Experiment • JANUS - Camera system – An optical camera to study global, regional and local morphology and processes on the moons, and to perform mapping of the clouds on Jupiter.
    [Show full text]
  • 3274 Myths and Legends of Ancient Rome
    MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF ANCIENT ROME CFE 3274V OPEN CAPTIONED UNITED LEARNING INC. 1996 Grade Levels: 6-10 20 minutes 1 Instructional Graphic Enclosed DESCRIPTION Explores the legend of Romulus and Remus, twin boys who founded Rome on seven hills. Briefly relates how Perseus, son of Jupiter, used his shield as a mirror to safely slay Medusa, a monster who turned anyone who looked on her to stone. Recounts the story of Psyche and Cupid, a story of broken promises and forgiveness. Each legend ends with discussion questions. Animated. INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS · To depict three Roman myths. · To enhance a unit on Roman mythology. · To show how the Romans explained natural phenomena and human behavior. · To show that human nature remains the same throughout the ages. BEFORE SHOWING 1. Read the CAPTION SCRIPT to determine unfamiliar vocabulary and language concepts. 2. Discuss the concept of myths: a. As a way of explaining and rationalizing natural phenomena. b. As stories of the heroic deeds and adventures of mortals with semidivine parentage. c. As stories of a large family of quarrelsome gods and goddesses. 3. Explain that the video shows three different Roman myths. a. Using a time line, explain that Roman mythology appeared after Greek mythology. b. Display a list of gods and goddesses and their Roman and Greek names. c. Explain there are many variations of the same myths. 4. Display a family tree of the Roman gods and goddesses. 1 a. Include pictures of monsters such as Medusa and Cerberus. b. Refer to the tree as characters appear in the video.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction. Dionysus in Rome: Accommodation and Resistance
    Fiachra Mac Góráin Introduction. Dionysus in Rome: accommodation and resistance Abstract: This introductory chapter provides a wide-angle history of the presence of Dionysus/Bacchus/Liber on Italian soil from the archaic to the early Christian periods, covering archaeological and literary sources. In parallel, it surveys the main scholarly trends on the Italian versions of Dionysus, and emplots the con- tributions to this volume in a history of scholarship. The main focus of the chap- ter, which is programmatic for the volume, is the interface of Greek and Roman cultures, and whether it is possible to identify and define (an) Italian version(s) of Dionysus. It posits two aspects to the Romans’ reception of Bacchus, which may be termed ‘accommodation’ and ‘resistance’. The interplay between these two levels of response will inform an analytic narrative that assesses the relation- ship between the Greek Dionysus and the Roman Liber, embracing interpretatio and religious polymorphism, and addressing some of the most important Diony- sian manifestations in Roman culture: the founding of the temple of Ceres, Liber and Libera; the Bacchanalia; the Liberalia; Roman leaders’ uses of Dionysus; the poets’ references to Bacchus; and a brief glance at the Bacchic-Christian inter- face. As ‘our oldest living symbol’,1 Dionysus/Bacchus has evolved over many different forms. Until relatively recently, scholars believed that he was an import from the East, and a late addition to the Greek pantheon. Rohde, Nilsson, Wilamowitz and Otto all subscribed to different versions of the Nietzschean myth that an ecstatic Dionysus cult was assimilated from Thrace and tamed by the influence of Apollo.2 This view was based on the god’s slight role in the Homeric poems, coupled with For discussion of Dionysus in Rome and bibliographical advice, I wish to thank Clifford Ando, Andreas Bendlin, Tom Carpenter, Michael Crawford, Elena Giusti, Dan Hogg, Duncan MacRae, John North, Donncha O’Rourke, Richard Seaford, and Peter Wiseman.
    [Show full text]
  • Clodia, Fulvia, Livia, Messalina: What Can We Really Learn About the Elite Women of Rome?
    Clodia, Fulvia, Livia, Messalina: what can we really learn about the elite women of Rome? ‘A dissertation submitted to the University of Wales Trinity Saint David in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts’ 29001652 Jacqueline Margaret Meredith 2014 Master’s Degrees by Examination and Dissertation Declaration Form. 1. This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Name: J M Meredith Date: 21 March 2014 2. This dissertation is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Name: J M Meredith Date: 21 March 2014 3. This dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Name: J M Meredith Date: 21 March 2014 4. I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for photocopying, inter-library loan, and for deposit in the University’s digital repository. Name: J M Meredith Date: 21 March 2014 Supervisor’s Declaration. I am satisfied that this work is the result of the student’s own efforts. Name: …………………………………………………………………………... Date: ……………………………………………………………………………... Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................... 5 Introduction and literature review ........................................................... 6 Women in the Late Republic .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Greenfield, P. N. 2011. Virgin Territory
    _____________________________________ VIRGIN TERRITORY THE VESTALS AND THE TRANSITION FROM REPUBLIC TO PRINCIPATE _____________________________________ PETA NICOLE GREENFIELD 2011 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics and Ancient History The University of Sydney ABSTRACT _____________________________________ The cult of Vesta was vital to the city of Rome. The goddess was associated with the City’s very foundation, and Romans believed that the continuity of the state depended on the sexual and moral purity of her priestesses. In this dissertation, Virgin Territory: The Vestals and the Transition from Republic to Principate, I examine the Vestal cult between c. 150 BCE and 14 CE, that is, from the beginning of Roman domination in the Mediterranean to the establishment of authoritarian rule at Rome. Six aspects of the cult are discussed: the Vestals’ relationship with water in ritual and literature; a re-evaluation of Vestal incestum (unchastity) which seeks a nuanced approach to the evidence and examines the record of incestum cases; the Vestals’ extra-ritual activities; the Vestals’ role as custodians of politically sensitive documents; the Vestals’ legal standing relative to other Roman women, especially in the context of Augustus’ moral reform legislation; and the cult’s changing relationship with the topography of Rome in light of the construction of a new shrine to Vesta on the Palatine after Augustus became pontifex maximus in 12 BCE. It will be shown that the cult of Vesta did not survive the turmoil of the Late Republic unchanged, nor did it maintain its ancient prerogative in the face of Augustus’ ascendancy.
    [Show full text]
  • The JANUS Camera Onboard JUICE Mission for Jupiter System Optical Imaging
    The JANUS camera onboard JUICE mission for Jupiter system optical imaging Vincenzo Della Corte*a, Nicole Schmitzb, Michele Zusic, José Maria Castrod, Mark Leesee, Stefano Debeif, Demetrio Magring, Harald Michalikh, Pasquale Palumboi, Ralf Jaumannb, Gabriele Cremoneseg, Harald Hoffmannb, Andrew Hollande, Luisa Maria Larad, Bjorn Fietheh, Enrico Frisof, Davide Greggiog, Miguel Herranzd, Alexander Konczb, Alexander Lichopojb, Ignacio Martinez- Navajasd, Elena Mazzotta Epifanic, Harald Michaelisb, Roberto Ragazzonig, Thomas Roatschb, Julio Rodrigod, Emilio Rodriguezd, Pietro Schipanic, Matthew Somane, Mirco Zaccariottof & the International JANUS team. aINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; bDLR-Institute for Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; cINAF-OAC, Salita Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy; dIAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia s/n, Apartado 3004, 18080 Granada, Spain; eCEI-Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom; fCISAS G. Colombo, University of Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy, Italy; gINAF-OAPd, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova Italy; hIDA, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; iDIST, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy. * [email protected]; phone +39 0649934769 ABSTRACT JANUS (Jovis, Amorum ac Natorum Undique Scrutator) is the visible camera selected for the ESA JUICE mission to the Jupiter system. Resources constraints, S/C characteristics, mission design, environment and the great variability of observing conditions for several targets put stringent constraints on instrument architecture. In addition to the usual requirements for a planetary mission, the problem of mass and power consumption is particularly stringent due to the long-lasting cruising and operations at large distance from the Sun. JANUS design shall cope with a wide range of targets, from Jupiter atmosphere, to solid satellite surfaces, exosphere, rings, and lightning, all to be observed in several color and narrow-band filters.
    [Show full text]
  • JANUS a Written Creative Work Submitted to the Faculty of San Francisco State University in Partial Fulfillment O F ^ 0 1Q the R
    JANUS A Written Creative Work submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University In partial fulfillment of ^ 0 1 q the requirements for m e w tte D q ,re e Master o f Fine Arts In Creative Writing by A i Ebashi San Francisco, California M ay 2019 Copyright by A i Ebashi 2019 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read JANUS by Ai Ebashi, and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master o f Fine Arts in Creative Writing at San Francisco State University. M ichelle Carter, M.F.A. Professor o f Creative Writing fry - Andrew Joron, B.A. Assistant Professor o f Creative Writing JANUS A i Ebashi San Francisco, California 2019 JANUS is a full-length play which portrays the moment of the psychic disintegration of the Roman God Janus and inner battles that ensue. It explores the themes o f gender, identity, duality, power structure and transgenderism. Through the lenses o f the divided Gods, He Janus and She Janus, who are trapped in an apocalyptic world, I used the yin and yang concept, symbol and dynamics to portray the two polarized forces that are forever opposing or conflicting but are also ultimately complementary. My approach to these themes is philosoph al but I also included physical movement, farcical element and outrageous happenings to create comedic effects. I certify that the Abstract is a correct representation o f the content o f this written creative work.
    [Show full text]