Using Scriptural Data to Calculate a Range-Qualified Chronology from Adam to Abraham
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Sin. Systematic Theology.Wayne Grudem
Systematic Theology Wayne Grudem Chapter 24! SIN What is sin? Where did it come from? Do we inherit a sinful nature from Adam? Do we inherit guilt from Adam? EXPLANATION AND SCRIPTURAL BASIS A. The Definition of Sin The history of the human race as presented in Scripture is primarily a history of man in a state of sin and rebellion against God and of God’s plan of redemption to bring man back to himself. Therefore, it is appropriate now to consider the nature of the sin that separates man from God. We may define sin as follows: Sin is any failure to conform to the moral law of God in act, attitude, or nature. Sin is here defined in relation to God and his moral law. Sin includes not only individual acts such as stealing or lying or committing murder, but also attitudes that are contrary to the attitudes God requires of us. We see this already in the Ten Commandments, which not only prohibit sinful actions but also wrong attitudes: “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his manservant or maidservant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor” (Ex. 20:17 NIV). Here God specifies that a desire to steal or to commit adultery is also sin in his sight. The Sermon on the Mount also prohibits sinful attitudes such as anger (Matt. 5:22) or lust (Matt. 5:28). Paul lists attitudes such as jealousy, anger, and selfishness (Gal. 5:20) as things that are works of the flesh opposed to the desires of the Spirit (Gal. -
The Fall of Satan in the Thought of St. Ephrem and John Milton
Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 3.1, 3–27 © 2000 [2010] by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute and Gorgias Press THE FALL OF SATAN IN THE THOUGHT OF ST. EPHREM AND JOHN MILTON GARY A. ANDERSON HARVARD DIVINITY SCHOOL CAMBRIDGE, MA USA ABSTRACT In the Life of Adam and Eve, Satan “the first-born” refused to venerate Adam, the “latter-born.” Later writers had difficulty with the tale because it granted Adam honors that were proper to Christ (Philippians 2:10, “at the name of Jesus, every knee should bend.”) The tale of Satan’s fall was then altered to reflect this Christological sensibility. Milton created a story of Christ’s elevation prior to the creation of man. Ephrem, on the other hand, moved the story to Holy Saturday. In Hades, Death acknowledged Christ as the true first- born whereas Satan rejected any such acclamation. [1] For some time I have pondered the problem of Satan’s fall in early Jewish and Christian sources. My point of origin has been the justly famous account found in the Life of Adam and Eve (hereafter: Life).1 1 See G. Anderson, “The Exaltation of Adam and the Fall of Satan,” Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy, 6 (1997): 105–34. 3 4 Gary A. Anderson I say justly famous because the Life itself existed in six versions- Greek, Latin, Armenian, Georgian, Slavonic, and Coptic (now extant only in fragments)-yet the tradition that the Life drew on is present in numerous other documents from Late Antiquity.2 And one should mention its surprising prominence in Islam-the story was told and retold some seven times in the Koran and was subsequently subject to further elaboration among Muslim exegetes and storytellers.3 My purpose in this essay is to carry forward work I have already done on this text to the figures of St. -
Jacob Goes to Haran
Jacob Goes to Haran Scripture Reference: Genesis 28:10-33:20 and Genesis 35:1-12. Suggested Emphasis or Theme: Sometimes we learn lessons from bad things that happen to us. ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. Story Overview: Having deceived his brother and father Jacob escaped to relatives in Haran. During the journey Jacob dreamed of a stairway between heaven and earth on which angels were ascending and descending to the Lord at the top. God reassured Jacob of his blessing and promise. Undeserving as he was this promise sustained Jacob over the next twenty years as he worked for his uncle Laban and built a family and wealth. Eventually, Jacob returned to his home and was surprised to find that his brother, Esau, welcomed him with open arms. Background Study: This lesson takes up where the story of Jacob, Esau and the Birthright left off. After deceiving his father and brother Jacob left his family home and makes his way North to his mother’s relatives in Haran. The official reason that he is looking for a wife but it is evident that he is fleeing the wrath of his brother. Many important events happen on his trip to Haran, his life there and years later upon his eventual return to face his brother. The following events begin and end in Bethel. Jacob’s Stairway Dream at Bethel (Genesis 28:10-22) Jacob Meets His Relatives in Haran (Genesis 29:1-14) Jacob is Tricked by Laban and Marries both Rachel and Leah (Genesis 29:14-30) Jacob’s Children are Born (Genesis 29:31-30:4) Jacob Schemes and Increases His Flocks (Genesis 30:25-43) Jacob Flees and Laban Pursues (Genesis 31:1-55) Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau Again (Genesis 32:1-21) Jacob Wrestles With God (Genesis 32:22-32) Jacob and Esau Make Peace (Genesis 33:1-20) Eventually, Jacob Becomes “Israel” and Moves to Bethel (Genesis 35:1-12) Although there are many important events that take place in Genesis 28-33 trying to cover all of them in one lesson would be confusing. -
Mistranslations of the Prophets' Names in the Holy Quran: a Critical Evaluation of Two Translations
Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.8, No.2, 2017 Mistranslations of the Prophets' Names in the Holy Quran: A Critical Evaluation of Two Translations Izzeddin M. I. Issa Dept. of English & Translation, Jadara University, PO box 733, Irbid, Jordan Abstract This study is devoted to discuss the renditions of the prophets' names in the Holy Quran due to the authority of the religious text where they reappear, the significance of the figures who carry them, the fact that they exist in many languages, and the fact that the Holy Quran addresses all mankind. The data are drawn from two translations of the Holy Quran by Ali (1964), and Al-Hilali and Khan (1993). It examines the renditions of the twenty five prophets' names with reference to translation strategies in this respect, showing that Ali confused the conveyance of six names whereas Al-Hilali and Khan confused the conveyance of four names. Discussion has been raised thereupon to present the correct rendition according to English dictionaries and encyclopedias in addition to versions of the Bible which add a historical perspective to the study. Keywords: Mistranslation, Prophets, Religious, Al-Hilali, Khan. 1. Introduction In Prophets’ names comprise a significant part of people's names which in turn constitutes a main subdivision of proper nouns which include in addition to people's names the names of countries, places, months, days, holidays etc. In terms of translation, many translators opt for transliterating proper names thinking that transliteration is a straightforward process depending on an idea deeply rooted in many people's minds that proper nouns are never translated or that the translation of proper names is as Vermes (2003:17) states "a simple automatic process of transference from one language to another." However, in the real world the issue is different viz. -
Heavenly Priesthood in the Apocalypse of Abraham
HEAVENLY PRIESTHOOD IN THE APOCALYPSE OF ABRAHAM The Apocalypse of Abraham is a vital source for understanding both Jewish apocalypticism and mysticism. Written anonymously soon after the destruction of the Second Jerusalem Temple, the text envisions heaven as the true place of worship and depicts Abraham as an initiate of the celestial priesthood. Andrei A. Orlov focuses on the central rite of the Abraham story – the scapegoat ritual that receives a striking eschatological reinterpretation in the text. He demonstrates that the development of the sacerdotal traditions in the Apocalypse of Abraham, along with a cluster of Jewish mystical motifs, represents an important transition from Jewish apocalypticism to the symbols of early Jewish mysticism. In this way, Orlov offers unique insight into the complex world of the Jewish sacerdotal debates in the early centuries of the Common Era. The book will be of interest to scholars of early Judaism and Christianity, Old Testament studies, and Jewish mysticism and magic. ANDREI A. ORLOV is Professor of Judaism and Christianity in Antiquity at Marquette University. His recent publications include Divine Manifestations in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha (2009), Selected Studies in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha (2009), Concealed Writings: Jewish Mysticism in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha (2011), and Dark Mirrors: Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology (2011). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 130.209.6.50 on Thu Aug 08 23:36:19 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139856430 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 HEAVENLY PRIESTHOOD IN THE APOCALYPSE OF ABRAHAM ANDREI A. ORLOV Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 130.209.6.50 on Thu Aug 08 23:36:19 WEST 2013. -
Tamar: Conscious Choices and Choosing One's Own Destiny
Tamar: Conscious Choices and Choosing One’s Own Destiny Parashat Vayeishev (Genesis 38: 1 – 30) Do you make conscious choices? One of our Torah heroines surely did. Tamar made a conscious choice following the deaths of her husband, Judah’s son Er, Judah’s next son Onan, and Judah’s wife Hirah. Tamar became a childless widow and it seemed as though Judah had no plan to allow his youngest son Shelah to marry Tamar, as biblical law mandated. Judah claimed that Shelah was too young and he could not risk losing another son. However, our heroine Tamar needed a child in order to claim a true stake in the household of Judah. So, she tricked her father-in-law Judah into sleeping with her during his bereavement. Posing as a harlot, Judah solicited Tamar’s services, willingly giving Tamar his signet seal, his cord and his staff, all of which clearly identified him when she would later proclaim Judah’s paternity for her twin sons Perez and Zerah. Not for love or for lust, but rather for a legacy into the future, Tamar made a conscious choice. She took initiative. She changed destiny. And, ironically, Judah admitted, “She is more in the right than I!” (Genesis 38:26) Judah had refused the rights of levirate marriage to Tamar. It all returns to making choices. Each woman on our sisterhood roster has made a conscious choice to join sisterhood. We are grateful to the women who choose to join sisterhood and our congregation, for choosing the path of leadership, and for sharing mitzvah time. -
Janson. History of Art. Chapter 16: The
16_CH16_P556-589.qxp 12/10/09 09:16 Page 556 16_CH16_P556-589.qxp 12/10/09 09:16 Page 557 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER The High Renaissance in Italy, 1495 1520 OOKINGBACKATTHEARTISTSOFTHEFIFTEENTHCENTURY , THE artist and art historian Giorgio Vasari wrote in 1550, Truly great was the advancement conferred on the arts of architecture, painting, and L sculpture by those excellent masters. From Vasari s perspective, the earlier generation had provided the groundwork that enabled sixteenth-century artists to surpass the age of the ancients. Later artists and critics agreed Leonardo, Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giorgione, and with Vasari s judgment that the artists who worked in the decades Titian were all sought after in early sixteenth-century Italy, and just before and after 1500 attained a perfection in their art worthy the two who lived beyond 1520, Michelangelo and Titian, were of admiration and emulation. internationally celebrated during their lifetimes. This fame was For Vasari, the artists of this generation were paragons of their part of a wholesale change in the status of artists that had been profession. Following Vasari, artists and art teachers of subse- occurring gradually during the course of the fifteenth century and quent centuries have used the works of this 25-year period which gained strength with these artists. Despite the qualities of between 1495 and 1520, known as the High Renaissance, as a their births, or the differences in their styles and personalities, benchmark against which to measure their own. Yet the idea of a these artists were given the respect due to intellectuals and High Renaissance presupposes that it follows something humanists. -
The Christian Comforter
The Christian Comforter Enoch the seventh from Adam In the book of Genesis, there are two Enoch’s; one from the line of Cain, in Genesis 4:17, and one from the line of Seth, who is the Enoch that we are concerned with here. The lineage is Adam — Seth — Enos — Cainan — Mahalaleel — Jared — Enoch. Enoch walked with God, and after 365 years God took him — he did not die. Genesis 5:23-24 And all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty and five years: And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him. This fact is expanded upon in Hebrews chapter 11 — among those who walked in faith. Hebrews 11:5 By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God. Enoch is also found in the genealogy of Jesus. Luke 3:37 Which was the son of Mathusala, which was the son of Enoch, which was the son of Jared, which was the son of Maleleel, which was the son of Cainan. Note; above the names are spelt differently in the New Testament which was originally written in Greek. In the time of the early church fathers, the book of Enoch was widely accepted as inspired scripture by Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Athenagoras, Tertullian, Origen and Lactantius. They all referenced Enoch in their own writings, probably because of Jude’s reference that it was a prophetic text. Jude 1:14-15 And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him. -
Biblical Chronology: Legend Or Science? the Ethel M
James Barr, Biblical Chronology: Legend Or Science? The Ethel M. Wood Lecture 1987. Delivered at the Senate House, University of London on 4 March 1987. London: University of London, 1987. Pbk. ISBN: 7187088644. pp.19. Biblical Chronology: Legend Or Science? James Barr, FBA Regius Professor of Hebrew, University of Oxford The Ethel M. Wood Lecture 1987 Delivered at the Senate House, University of London on 4 March 1987 [p.1] The subject of biblical chronology can be seen in two quite different ways. Firstly, there is scientific or historical chronology, which deals with the real chronology of actual events. This is the way in which the subject is approached in most current books, articles and encyclopaedias.1 You may ask, for instance, in what year Jesus was born, or in what year John the Baptist began his preaching; and the way to approach this is to consider the years in which Augustus or Tiberius was Roman emperor, in which Herod was king of Judaea, in which Quirinius conducted a census in Syria, and to try to set the relevant gospel stories in relation with these. If you were successful, you would end up with a date in years BC or AD, for example 4 BC which was long the traditional date for the birth of Jesus (since it was the year in which Herod the Great died), although most recent estimates end up with a date some years earlier.2 Or you might ask what was the year in which Solomon’s temple was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, and you might produce the result of 586 BC, on the basis of historical data which could be mustered and verified historically. -
Book of Enoch the Prophet
'^51830 THE BOOK OF ENOCH THE PROPHET TKANSLATED FKOM AN ETHIOPIC MS. IN THE BODLEIAN LIBEARY BY THE LATE KICHARD LAURENCE, LL.D. ARCHBISHOP OF CASHEL THE TEXT NOW CORRECTED FROM HIS LATEST NOTES WITH AN' INTRODUCTION BY THE AUTHOR OF '' THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTIANITY ^eVW^\W!. ^WOWV>y(5UV A' i :f fWX^^ ^VV U^^^T^ )/^^^- VJU1^A puioll^i-^ LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & CO., 1, PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1883 (TTte rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved.') — INTEODUCTION. In the Authorized Version of the E^stle-^-Jttde, we read the following words : " Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him." ^ Modern research sees in the Epistle of Jude a work of the second century : but as orthodox theologians accept its contents as the inspired utterance of an Apostle, let us diligently search the Hebrew Scriptures for this important forecast of the second Advent of the Messiah. In vain we turn over the pages of the sacred Canon ; not even in the Apocrypha can we trace one line from the pen of the marvellous being to whom uninterrupted immor- ^ Compare Book of Enoch ii. iy INTBODUCTION. tality is assigned by apostolic^ interpretation of Genesis v. 24. Were the prophecies of Enoch, therefore, accepted as a Divine revelation on that momentous day when Jesus explained the Scrip- tures, after his resurrection, to Jude and his apostolic brethren ; and have we moderns betrayed our trust by excluding an inspired record from the Bible ? Eeverting to the second century of Christianity, we find Irenseus and Clement of Alexandria citing the Book of Enoch without questioning its sacred character. -
CHAYEI SARAH 5781 My Article in the Parshat Chayei Sarah Edition Of
ב"ה This week’s Shabbat package is dedicated in memory of Mar-Cheshvan, 5747), Grandmother of Vivienne Waysman 22) ,ע"ה Nellie (Segula) Lane Devorah bat Zechariah), (26 Mar-Cheshvan 5751) Mother of Vivienne Waysman) ,ע"ה Doreen Efron ע"ה 29th Mar-Cheshvan 5719) Father of Boris Waysman) ,ע"ה Yosef ben Dov Waysman CHAYEI SARAH 5781 My article in the Parshat Chayei Sarah edition of “HaMizrachi” (which can be downloaded from Mizrachi Matters or picked up from the entrance of Shule) reflects on two educational models: teaching by instruction and teaching by example. My article reflects on the significant number of pesukim dedicated to the narrative of Avraham’s servant in this week’s Parsha, which you can learn more about from a different angle in the article by Prof. Nechama Leibovitz below. In my article, I built on the explanation of my Rosh Yeshiva, HaRav Aharon Lichtenstein zt”l, that modelling behaviours can be a far more impactful tool that describing those behaviours in detail. I have been reflecting on that message since the introduction of Leibler Yavneh College’s guide for the wellbeing of LGBTI+ students. The policy document was accompanied by a video I prepared together with Eitan Meyerowitz about the experiences of an LGBTI+ student in an Orthodox school. Both the policy and the video have received widespread positive feedback, most importantly from students and families inside and outside our school who are in need of the positive messages of Chizzuk and inclusion in the Jewish community. However, I have been fascinated by the relative exposure of the two forms of communication, as while the document has been opened and read by many individuals, the video has been shared and watched many times more. -
Chronology of Old Testament a Return to Basics
Chronology of the Old Testament: A Return to the Basics By FLOYD NOLEN JONES, Th.D., Ph.D. 2002 15th Edition Revised and Enlarged with Extended Appendix (First Edition 1993) KingsWord Press P. O. Box 130220 The Woodlands, Texas 77393-0220 Chronology of the Old Testament: A Return to the Basics Ó Copyright 1993 – 2002 · Floyd Nolen Jones. Floyd Jones Ministries, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This book may be freely reproduced in any form as long as it is not distributed for any material gain or profit; however, this book may not be published without written permission. ISBN 0-9700328-3-8 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... I am gratefully indebted to Dr. Alfred Cawston (d. 3/21/91), founder of two Bible Colleges in India and former Dean and past President of Continental Bible College in Brussels, Belgium, and Jack Park, former President and teacher at Sterling Bible Institute in Kansas, now serving as a minister of the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ and President of Jesus' Missions Society in Huntsville, Texas. These Bible scholars painstakingly reviewed every Scripture reference and decision in the preparation of the Biblical time charts herewith submitted. My thanks also to: Mark Handley who entered the material into a CAD program giving us computer storage and retrieval capabilities, Paul Raybern and Barry Adkins for placing their vast computer skills at my every beckoning, my daughter Jennifer for her exhausting efforts – especially on the index, Julie Gates who tirelessly assisted and proofed most of the data, words fail – the Lord Himself shall bless and reward her for her kindness, competence and patience, and especially to my wife Shirley who for two years prior to the purchase of a drafting table put up with a dining room table constantly covered with charts and who lovingly understood my preoccupation with this project.