Of the Antediluvian Legacy LEVIATHAN
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Mistranslations of the Prophets' Names in the Holy Quran: a Critical Evaluation of Two Translations
Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.8, No.2, 2017 Mistranslations of the Prophets' Names in the Holy Quran: A Critical Evaluation of Two Translations Izzeddin M. I. Issa Dept. of English & Translation, Jadara University, PO box 733, Irbid, Jordan Abstract This study is devoted to discuss the renditions of the prophets' names in the Holy Quran due to the authority of the religious text where they reappear, the significance of the figures who carry them, the fact that they exist in many languages, and the fact that the Holy Quran addresses all mankind. The data are drawn from two translations of the Holy Quran by Ali (1964), and Al-Hilali and Khan (1993). It examines the renditions of the twenty five prophets' names with reference to translation strategies in this respect, showing that Ali confused the conveyance of six names whereas Al-Hilali and Khan confused the conveyance of four names. Discussion has been raised thereupon to present the correct rendition according to English dictionaries and encyclopedias in addition to versions of the Bible which add a historical perspective to the study. Keywords: Mistranslation, Prophets, Religious, Al-Hilali, Khan. 1. Introduction In Prophets’ names comprise a significant part of people's names which in turn constitutes a main subdivision of proper nouns which include in addition to people's names the names of countries, places, months, days, holidays etc. In terms of translation, many translators opt for transliterating proper names thinking that transliteration is a straightforward process depending on an idea deeply rooted in many people's minds that proper nouns are never translated or that the translation of proper names is as Vermes (2003:17) states "a simple automatic process of transference from one language to another." However, in the real world the issue is different viz. -
59 ELIJAH LORE and the ENOCH METATRON NARRATIVE of 3 ENOCH I – INTRODUCTION the Enigmatic Enoch/Metatron Narrative, Included I
ARAM, 20 (2008) 59-76. doi: 10.2143/ARAM.20.0.2033120D. ARBEL 59 ELIJAH LORE AND THE ENOCH METATRON NARRATIVE OF 3 ENOCH Dr. DAPHNA ARBEL (University of British Columbia) I – INTRODUCTION The enigmatic Enoch/Metatron narrative, included in 3 Enoch of the Hekhalot and Merkavah literature, draws together threads inherited from a broad range of previous sources to weave a new narrative in which the human/ angelic figure Enoch/Metatron plays a central role. 1 Among these sources two central streams of traditions are pivotal: early Enochic traditions concerning Enoch, and rabbinic traditions, concerning the angel Metatron. Key studies have analyzed thematic and conceptual connections between these early Enochic and rabbinic traditions and 3 Enoch, as well as the channels through which the authors of 3 Enoch came to know them.2 In contrast, not much scholarly attention has been paid to the ambiguity inherent in the new literary construction of the Enoch /Metatron narrative, and the manner in which it characterizes its main protagonist. The narrative integrates, alters, and harmo- nizes themes and images rooted in the early Enochic and rabbinic traditions in a way that seems neither predictable nor traditional. Hence, questions related 1 3 Enoch or Sefer Hekhalot, is included in P. Schäfer, Synopse zur Hekhalot Literatur in col- laboration with M. Schlüter and H.G. von Mutius (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1981) sections 1- 79. A German translation of 3 Enoch with text-critical notes has been provided by P. Schäfer and K. Herrmann, Übersetzung der Hekhalot-Literatur, vol. 1:1-82 (Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 1995). -
The Christian Comforter
The Christian Comforter Enoch the seventh from Adam In the book of Genesis, there are two Enoch’s; one from the line of Cain, in Genesis 4:17, and one from the line of Seth, who is the Enoch that we are concerned with here. The lineage is Adam — Seth — Enos — Cainan — Mahalaleel — Jared — Enoch. Enoch walked with God, and after 365 years God took him — he did not die. Genesis 5:23-24 And all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty and five years: And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him. This fact is expanded upon in Hebrews chapter 11 — among those who walked in faith. Hebrews 11:5 By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God. Enoch is also found in the genealogy of Jesus. Luke 3:37 Which was the son of Mathusala, which was the son of Enoch, which was the son of Jared, which was the son of Maleleel, which was the son of Cainan. Note; above the names are spelt differently in the New Testament which was originally written in Greek. In the time of the early church fathers, the book of Enoch was widely accepted as inspired scripture by Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Athenagoras, Tertullian, Origen and Lactantius. They all referenced Enoch in their own writings, probably because of Jude’s reference that it was a prophetic text. Jude 1:14-15 And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him. -
Pastor Gary Glenney DOCTRINE of ANGELS Revised Nov
Pastor Gary Glenney DOCTRINE OF ANGELS Revised Nov. 22, 2011 1. DEFINITION: The word angel denotes the order of celestial beings quite distinct from humanity and from the Godhead. These creatures are superior to mankind in ability through creation (Heb. 2:7, 9 with Ezek. 28:12, 13). They are mentioned at least 108 times in the Old Testament and 165 times in the New Testament. 2. ETYMOLOGY: a. The word or designation “angel” connotes “a messenger.” (1) a)/ggeloj - angelos (Greek noun) - messenger, envoy, servant (Matt. 1:20; 25:41; Gal. 3:19) (2) Ea*l=m^ - male’ach (Hebrew noun) - a sent one, messenger, priest (Psa. 78:49; 91:11; 103:20; 104:5; 148:2) (3) Ea*l=m^ - male’ach (Aramaic noun) - an angel (Dan. 3:28; 6:22) b.Other designations for “angels:” (1) <yh!!l)a$h*-yn@B== - bene ha’elohim (Hb. n. pl.) - sons of god (Gen. 6:2; Job 1:6; Job 2:1; 38:7) This phrase is never used of men in the Old Testament. (2) ryx! - tzir (Aramaic. n.) - watcher, guard (Dan. 4:13, 16, 23) (3) <l!!a@-yn@B== - bene ’elim (Hb. n. pl.) - sons of the mighty one (Psa. 89:8) (4) <yv!dq= - qedoshim (Hb. n. pl.) - holy ones (Psa. 89:5, 7) (5) /yv!!yD!q^ - qaddishin (Ar. n. pl.) - holy ones (Dan. 4:17) (6) ab*x= - tzeva’ (Hb. n.) - host (Neh. 9:6) (7) stratia=j ou)rani/ou - stratias ouraniou (Gk. n.) - heavenly host (Luke 2:13) (8) leitourgika pneu/mata - leitourgika pneumata (Gk. -
Book of Enoch the Prophet
'^51830 THE BOOK OF ENOCH THE PROPHET TKANSLATED FKOM AN ETHIOPIC MS. IN THE BODLEIAN LIBEARY BY THE LATE KICHARD LAURENCE, LL.D. ARCHBISHOP OF CASHEL THE TEXT NOW CORRECTED FROM HIS LATEST NOTES WITH AN' INTRODUCTION BY THE AUTHOR OF '' THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTIANITY ^eVW^\W!. ^WOWV>y(5UV A' i :f fWX^^ ^VV U^^^T^ )/^^^- VJU1^A puioll^i-^ LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & CO., 1, PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1883 (TTte rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved.') — INTEODUCTION. In the Authorized Version of the E^stle-^-Jttde, we read the following words : " Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him." ^ Modern research sees in the Epistle of Jude a work of the second century : but as orthodox theologians accept its contents as the inspired utterance of an Apostle, let us diligently search the Hebrew Scriptures for this important forecast of the second Advent of the Messiah. In vain we turn over the pages of the sacred Canon ; not even in the Apocrypha can we trace one line from the pen of the marvellous being to whom uninterrupted immor- ^ Compare Book of Enoch ii. iy INTBODUCTION. tality is assigned by apostolic^ interpretation of Genesis v. 24. Were the prophecies of Enoch, therefore, accepted as a Divine revelation on that momentous day when Jesus explained the Scrip- tures, after his resurrection, to Jude and his apostolic brethren ; and have we moderns betrayed our trust by excluding an inspired record from the Bible ? Eeverting to the second century of Christianity, we find Irenseus and Clement of Alexandria citing the Book of Enoch without questioning its sacred character. -
9 the Mystical Bitter Water Trial [Text Deleted]
9 The Mystical Bitter Water Trial [text deleted] 9.1 Golems as Archetypes of the Trial’s Supernaturally Inseminated Seed [text deleted] 9.2 Lilith as the First Sotah [text deleted] 9.3 Lilith and Samael as Animating Forces in Golems [text deleted] 9.4 Azazel as the Seed of Lilith No study of Lilith would be complete without a discussion of the demon Azazel. This is true because several clues in many ancient texts - including the Torah, the Zohar, and the First Book of Enoch - indicate that Azazel was the seed of Lilith. The texts further hint that Azazel was not the product of Lilith mating with any ordinary man, but rather he was the firstborn seed resulting from her illicit mating with Semjaza, the leader of a group of fallen angels called Watchers. As the seed of the Watchers, Azazel was the first born of the Nephilim, a race of powerful angel-man hybrids who nearly pushed ordinary mankind to extinction before the flood. But Azazel was much more than just a powerful Nephilim. Regular Nephilim were the products of the daughters of Adam mating with Watchers. Azazel was the product of Lilith mating with the Watchers. He is thus less human than all, and the most powerful, even more powerful than the Watchers who sired him. Azazel’s role in the Yom Kippur ceremony of Leviticus 16 indicates he is a rival to Messiah and God. This identifies Azazel as the legendary seed of the Serpent of Eden. God declared in his curse against the Serpent that this great seed would bruise the heel of Eve’s promised seed (Messiah), but Eve’s seed in turn would crush the head of the Serpent Lilith and destroy her seed. -
Fallen Angels and the Origins of Evil Takes You Back to the Primordial Drama of Good and Evil, When the first EVIL Hint of Corruption Entered a Pristine World — Earth
FBS_Enoch_fnl11_1.qxd:FAOE book 5/23/07 2:11 PM Page 1 Spirituality / Lost Texts Did rebel angels take on human a e bodies to fulfill their lust for F ll n the “daughters of men”? F Did these fallen angels teach men to build weapons AND THE n e s allen A g l of war? That is the premise of the Book of Enoch, a text AND cherished by the Essenes, early Jews and Christians but THE ORIGINSof EVIL later condemned by both rabbis and Church Fathers. The book was denounced, banned and “lost” for over ORIGINS a thousand years — until in 1773 a Scottish explorer discovered three copies in Ethiopia. Elizabeth Clare Prophet examines the controversy surrounding this book and sheds new light on Enoch’s A forbidden mysteries. She demonstrates that Jesus and the apostles studied the Book of Enoch and tells why ngels Church Fathers suppressed its teaching that angels could incarnate in human bodies. o f Fallen Angels and the Origins of Evil takes you back to the primordial drama of Good and Evil, when the first EVIL hint of corruption entered a pristine world — earth. Why Church Fathers suppressed Contains Richard Laurence’s translation of the Book of Enoch, all the other the Book of Enoch and Enoch texts (including the Book of the Secrets of Enoch), biblical parallels. its startling revelations PROPHET ELIZABETH SUMMIT $9.95 UNIVERSITY CLARE PROPHET PRESS 01Front_Matter_i_1.qxd:FallenAngelsBook 5/23/07 12:58 PM Page i Once again Elizabeth Clare Prophet, author of The Lost Years of Jesus, challenges timeworn doctrine by shedding light on forgotten manuscripts. -
Abraham's Uncircumcised Children
ABRAHAM’S UNCIRCUMCISED CHILDREN: THE ENOCHIC PRECEDENT FOR PAUL’S PARADOXICAL CLAIM IN GALATIANS 3:29 by Amy Genevive Dibley A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Joint Doctor of Philosophy with Graduate Theological Union in Near Easter Religions in the Graduate Division of the University of California at Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor LeAnn Snow Flesher, Chair Professor Daniel Boyarin Professor Eugene Eung-Chun Park Professor Yair Zakovitch Professor Erich S. Gruen Fall 2013 ABSTRACT Abraham’s Uncircumcised Children: The Enochic Precedent for Paul’s Paradoxical Claim in Galatians 3:29 by Amy Genevive Dibley Joint Doctor of Philosophy with Graduate Theological Union in Near Easter Religions in the Graduate Division University of California, Berkeley Professor LeAnn Snow Flesher, Chair This study proposes the Book of Dreams as the precedent for Paul’s program of gentile reclamation qua gentiles predating the composition of the Epistles by two centuries. 1 Dedication To my husband Peter, for whom the words loving and supportive and partnership hardly begin to encompass the richness of our journey together through this process. For our girls, Langsea and Lucia (5 and 4 years old as I submit this), who when playing “mommy” pause from dressing and feeding baby dolls to write their own dissertations. In thanks to the women of First Covenant Church in Rockford, Illinois and Kerry Staurseth (Langsea’s godmother) who watched those most precious to me so that this first child could at last be born, proving that it also takes a village to write a dissertation. -
Fallen Angels: Remythologizing and Recovery "And He Dreamed And
Fallen Angels: Remythologizing and Recovery Nov 2018 The Fall of the Rebel Angels. Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c. 1525 – 1569) "And he dreamed and behold! A ladder set up on the ground and its top reached to heaven; and behold, angels of God were ascending and descending upon it." (Gen. 28:12) Rashi: ascending and descending: Ascending first and afterwards descending. The angels who escorted him in the [Holy] Land do not go outside the Land, and they ascended to heaven, and the angels of outside the Holy Land descended to escort him. Ramban: In a prophetic dream, G-d showed Jacob that whatever is down on earth is affected by means of the angels, and that everything is done by decree given to them by the Supreme One. "For He will give His angels charge over you, to keep thee in all your ways". (Psalms 91:11). This vision was like that given to Avram at the time of the covenant "between the parts" for He showed Jacob the dominion of the 4 Kingdoms of Greece, Persia, Babylon, and Edom. 1 Angels come from heaven. So, wouldn't it be more correct to say that the angels first descended and then ascended the ladder, instead of the other way around? The commentaries explain: these were in fact two different groups of angels. While in the Holy Land, Jacob had angels that accompanied him. But Holy-Land angels have an aversion to non- holy places. Now that Jacob was leaving the Holy Land, a different group of angels was going to take over. -
Divine Manifestations in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha Orientalia Judaica Christiana
Divine Manifestations in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha Orientalia Judaica Christiana 2 Orientalia Judaica Christiana, the Christian Orient and its Jewish Heritage, is dedicated, first of all, to the afterlife of the Jewish Second Temple traditions within the traditions of the Christian East. A second area of exploration is some priestly (non-Talmudic) Jewish traditions that survived in the Christian environment Divine Manifestations in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha Andrei Orlov govg'ms press 2009 For law and June Fair ... Then the old man stood up and stretched his hands to wards heaven. His fingers became like ten lamps of fire and he said to him, "If you will, you can become all flame/5 Apophthegmata Patrum, Joseph of Panephysis, 7. Abba Bessarion, at the point of death, said, "The monk ought to be as the Cherubim and the Seraphim: all eye." Apophthegmata Patrum, Bessarion, 11. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface xv Locations of the Original Publications xvii List of Abbreviations xix INTRODUCTION. The Kavod and Shem Paradigms and Divine Manifestations in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha 1 Silvanus and Anthony. 3 Moses and Elijah 8 Enoch and Abraham 12 PART I: THE DIVINE BODY TRADITIONS 19 "Without Measure and Without Analogy": The Tradition of the Divine Body in 2 (Slavonic) Enoch 21 Introduction 21 Adamic Tradition of 2 Enoch 23 The Corporeality of the Protoplast 26 From the Four Corners of the World 29 The Measure of the Divine Body. 34 Bodily Ascent 37 Adam and Enoch: "Two Powers" in Heaven 38 Two Bodies Created According to the Likeness of the Third One 43 The Pillar of the World: The Eschatological Role of the Seventh Antediluvian Hero in 2 (Slavonic) Enoch 49 Introduction 49 I. -
Using Scriptural Data to Calculate a Range-Qualified Chronology from Adam to Abraham
Using Scriptural Data to Calculate a Range-Qualified Chronology from Adam to Abraham With Comments on Why the "Open"-or-"Closed" Genealogy Question Is Chronometrically Irrelevant By: Thomas D. Ice, Th.M., Ph.D. Director, Pre-Trib Research Center Adjunct Professor, Tyndale Theological Seminary James J. Scofield Johnson, Th.D., D.C.Ed. Master Faculty, LeTourneau University Biblical Languages Instructor, Cross Timbers Institute Presented at the Southwest Regional Meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society at The Criswell College in Dallas, Texas on March 1, 2002. And God said, "Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and for years...." (Genesis 1:14) I. Introductory Overview God intended that His human creatures would be able to use the sun to calculate time on Earth, in years.1 The regular amount of time used when the Earth orbits around the sun is called a "year."2 Because earthly sun-orbits recur on a regular3 basis (and that is reliable and true because God made it to be so), years are a reliable and true time-unit for quantifying time on the Earth.4 The physical universe exists in space, time, and matter-energy (the latter category being a more technical name for "stuff"). God made time "in the beginning," at the same time when He made space and matter-energy. God works in time, not because He must but because He wanted to. God made mankind to live, on Earth, inside time (and space and stuff). -
Dark Mirrors: Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology
Orlov Dark Mirrors RELIGIOUS STUDIES Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology Dark Mirrors is a wide-ranging study of two central figures in early Jewish demonology—the fallen angels Azazel and Satanael. Andrei A. Orlov explores the mediating role of these paradigmatic celestial rebels in the development of Jewish demonological traditions from Second Temple apocalypticism to later Jewish mysticism, such as that of the Hekhalot and Shi ur Qomah materials. Throughout, Orlov makes use of Jewish pseudepigraphical materials in Slavonic that are not widely known. Dark Mirrors Orlov traces the origins of Azazel and Satanael to different and competing mythologies of evil, one to the Fall in the Garden of Eden, the other to the revolt of angels in the antediluvian period. Although Azazel and Satanael are initially representatives of rival etiologies of corruption, in later Jewish and Christian demonological lore each is able to enter the other’s stories in new conceptual capacities. Dark Mirrors also examines the symmetrical patterns of early Jewish demonology that are often manifested in these fallen angels’ imitation of the attributes of various heavenly beings, including principal angels and even God himself. Andrei A. Orlov is Associate Professor of Theology at Marquette University. He is the author of several books, including Selected Studies in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha. State University of New York Press www.sunypress.edu Andrei A. Orlov Dark Mirrors Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology Andrei A. Orlov Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2011 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission.