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Evaluation of EU Support to the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 Final Report Volume 4A Synthesis Country Case Studies June 2016 ______

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Evaluation of EU Support to the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 Final Report Volume 4A Synthesis Country Case Studies June 2016 ______ Evaluation of EU support to the transport sector in Africa 2005-2013 Final Report Volume 4A Synthesis country case studies June 2016 ___________ Evaluation carried out on behalf of the European Commission International Cooperation Evaluation of EU Supportand toDevelopment the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 1 EuropeAid Consortium composed of ECDPM, Ecorys, Lattanzio, Mokoro and Particip Leader of the Consortium: Ecorys Framework Contract Lot 1: Multi‐country evaluation studies of economic sectors/themes of EC external cooperation Specific Contract N°2013/330827 This evaluation was commissioned by the Evaluation Unit of the Directorate General for International Cooperation and Development – EuropeAid (European Commission) Evaluation Team John Clifton (Team Leader) Klaus Broersma Max Hennion Basile Keita Mark Watson Project Director: Martin van der Linde Project Manager: Michiel Modijefsky Management assistant: Kim Groenewegen The opinions expressed in this document represent the authors’ points of view, which are not necessarily shared by the European Commission or the authorities of the countries involved. © cover picture rights Evaluation of EU Support to the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 3 This evaluation has been carried out by: ECORYS Nederland B.V. Watermanweg 44 3067 GG Rotterdam P.O. Box 4175 3006 AD Rotterdam The Netherlands T +31 (0)10 453 88 00 F +31 (0)10 453 07 68 E [email protected] Registration no. 24316726 W www.ecorys.nl Evaluation of EU Support to the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 4 Annex 4A: Synthesis of the country case studies of the evaluation of EU support to the transport sector in Africa 2005-2013 Table of Content Glossary of acronyms ..................................................................................................... 6 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 8 2 Synthesis of the country case study reports ..................................................... 9 2.1 Data collection .................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Main characteristics of the transport sector in the case study countries .......... 9 2.3 Synthesis of conclusions ................................................................................ 26 Evaluation of EU Support to the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 5 Glossary of acronyms ACP Africa, Caribbean and the Pacific AFD Agence francaise de Développement AfDB African Development Bank AMU Arab Maghreb Union ANE Administraçâo Nacional de Estradas (Mozambique) ARM Autorité Routière de Madagascar ASECNA Agence pour la Sécurité de la Navigation Aérienne en Afrique et à Madagascar. BOAD Banque ouest africaine de développement CAM Cameroon CAR Central African Republic CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa CFM Caminhos de Ferro Moçambique DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DY Benin EAU Uganda ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EDF European Development Fund EEAS European External Action Service EIB European Investment Bank EIRR Economic internal rate of return EQ Evaluation question ERA Ethiopian Road Authority ESIA Economic and Social Impact Assessment ETH Ethiopia EU European Union EUD EU Delegation FE Fundo Estradas (Mozambique) FED Fonds européen de Développement FER Fonds d’Entretien Routier FERA Fonds d’Entretien Routier Autonome GDP Gross domestic product GoE Government of Ethiopia HQ Headquarters JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency LAM Linhas aerias de Mozambique LRRD Linking relief, rehabilitation and development MA Morocco MDG Millennium Development Goal MIT Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport MOC Mozambique MPW Ministry of Public Works NAO National Authorising Officer NIP National indicative programme OdR Office des Routes PARPA Poverty reduction action plan of Mozambique PFM Public finance management PPP Public private partnerships PRISE Programa Integrado do Sector de Estradas (Mozambique) RM Madagascar RN Route nationale RSA Republic of South Africa RSS Road sector strategy Evaluation of EU Support to the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 6 RIM Islamic Republic of Mauritania RIP Regional indicative programme RSDP Road sector development programme RSS Road Sector Strategy SBS Sector budget support SME Small and medium sized enterprises SN Senegal SWAp Sector wide approaches TA Technical Assistance UNRA Uganda National Roads Authority URF Uganda Road Fund WB World Bank ZRE Democratic Republic of Congo Evaluation of EU Support to the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 7 1 Introduction Ten country case studies have been carried out, each of them undertaken by one of the core members of the evaluation team supported by a local consultant. Each country visit lasted 9 to 10 days. Meetings were held with relevant sector institutions, stakeholders, beneficiaries and other sector donors and funding agencies while briefing and de-briefing meetings with the EU Delegations took place at the beginning and the end of each country visit. Furthermore site visits have been carried out, as far as time and distance allowed within the restricted timeframe of these missions. An overview of the visited countries and the experts involved is presented in table 1.1. Table 1.1. Overview of country case studies Country Core team member Local consultant Mission period Morocco Basile Keita Abdeljalil Derj 23 - 31 March 2015 Uganda Klaus Broersma Michael Daka 16 - 25 March 2015 Mauretania Basile Keita Abdellahi Abdel Jelil 03 - 12 April 2015 Benin Max Hennion Placide Badji 06 – 14 April 2015 Senegal Max Hennion Joseph Michel Cissé 14 – 24 April 2015 Mozambique John Clifton Nkululeka Leta 13 – 23 April 2015 Cameroon Basile Keita Henri Gwet 27 April -05 May 2015 Ethiopia Klaus Broersma Amara Asefa 05 - 14 May 2015 Madagascar Max Hennion Joana Andrianantenaina 16-26 May 2015 DRC Max Hennion Jean Paul Libebele 27 May- 06 June 2015 The main findings and conclusions of the ten country case studies are summarised in this Synthesis Note. The main texts of the ten country case study reports as well as the methodology used for selecting the ten case study countries are presented in Volume 3B of this transport sector evaluation. Evaluation of EU Support to the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 8 2 Synthesis of the country case study reports 2.1 Data collection Preparation for each field visit included compilation of: introductory notes. ‘Approach and Methodological Tools for the Field Phase’ (including a checklist of preliminary observations, ‘gaps’ and hypotheses. list of financing decisions (upon which an initial selection of interventions for further investigation was based1. set of EUD responses to a web-based questionnaire previously circulated. It was not intended to evaluate individual interventions but rather consider EU policy, strategy for sector support, implementation issues and modalities, outcomes, impacts and constraints. Investigation of individual projects or other interventions was intended to illustrate wider findings and lessons learned. Documentation was sourced for many support interventions and this was scrutinised before the field visit and discussed with EUD during the course of the visit. Some additional documentation only available in EUD archives was also accessed. The in-country period was used for: meetings with representatives of EUD, partner government, NAO, other sector donors and independent experts; collecting perceptions of stakeholders and individuals to assess the credibility of (claimed) associations between different elements of the intervention logic in order to compare components of a theory of change, contribution analysis being an aspect of this evaluation: site visits to on-going and completed EU sector support construction projects as far as logistically possible; exploring and discussing alternative explanations of why observed changes in selected indicators (especially outcome and impact indicators) might (or might not) have occurred; drawing upon the experience and detailed knowledge of key informants from the partner country in order to reflect upon and validate (or refute) evaluation hypotheses; investigating experiences and performance of Sector Budget Support (SBS) and blending of financing instruments. Wherever possible triangulation and cross-checking of data and information has been carried out. 2.2 Main characteristics of the transport sector in the case study countries Ethiopia Ethiopia is landlocked and predominantly served by Djibouti port (98% of national maritime traffic), Port Sudan (Sudan) and Berbera (Somaliland) with imports exceeding exports by a factor of 5.5 such that a high percentage of haulage trucks travels empty in the direction of the port. Roads are by far the predominant transport mode with the federal road network having expanded by almost 70% over the past 17 years whilst the length of the regional network has tripled over the same period. Road network condition compares favourably 1 This list was modified in consultation with the EUD. Evaluation of EU Support to the Transport Sector in Africa 2005-2013 9 with many African countries – 74% of paved roads, 58% of gravel roads and 55% of rural roads reported to be in good condition. The narrow gauge rail line connecting Addis Ababa to Djibouti (780km) was the principle transport corridor. However, in recent years only 300km of the line was operational (from Djibouti to Dire Dawa). Despite
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