Mozambique Country Handbook This Handbook
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Mozambique Country Handbook This handbook provides basic reference information on Mozambique, including its geography, history, government, military forces, and communications and transportation networks. This information is intended to familiarize military per sonnel with local customs and area knowledge to assist them during their as signment to Mozambique. The Marine Corps Intel ligence Activity is the community coordinator for the Country Hand book Program. This product reflects the coordinated U.S. Defense Intelligence Community position on Mozambique. Dissemination and use of this publication is restricted to official military and government personnel from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and other countries as required and designated for support of coalition operations. The photos and text reproduced herein have been extracted solely for research, comment, and information reporting, and are intended for fair use by designated personnel in their official duties, including local reproduction for training. Further dissemination of copyrighted material contained in this docu ment, to include excerpts and graphics, is strictly prohibited under Title 17, U.S. Code. CONTENTS KEY FACTS ................................................................... 1 EMBASSY/CONSULATE .............................................. 2 U.S. Embassy .............................................................. 2 U.S. Consulate ............................................................ 3 U.S. Military Facilities ................................................ 4 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE ..................................... 4 Geography ................................................................... 4 Land Statistics ........................................................ 4 Borders ................................................................... 5 Bodies of Water ...................................................... 6 Topography ............................................................ 9 Climate ........................................................................ 15 Patterns ................................................................... 15 Phenomena ............................................................. 19 INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................... 20 Transportation ............................................................. 20 Roads ..................................................................... 21 Rail ......................................................................... 25 Air .......................................................................... 28 Maritime ................................................................ 31 Utilities ........................................................................ 33 Electrical ................................................................ 33 Water ...................................................................... 35 Communication ........................................................... 36 Radio ...................................................................... 37 Television ............................................................... 38 Telecommunication ................................................ 39 iii Contents (Continued) Internet ................................................................... 41 Newspapers and Magazines ................................... 42 Postal Service ......................................................... 44 Satellites ................................................................. 44 CULTURE ....................................................................... 44 Statistics ...................................................................... 44 Population Patterns ................................................ 45 Population Density ................................................. 47 Society ........................................................................ 47 People .................................................................... 50 Ethnic Groups ........................................................ 50 Family .................................................................... 51 Roles of Men and Women ...................................... 52 Education and Literacy .............................................. 53 Language ..................................................................... 55 Religion ....................................................................... 56 Recreation ................................................................... 58 Customs and Courtesies .............................................. 58 Cultural Considerations .............................................. 60 MEDICAL ASSESSMENT ............................................. 62 Disease Risks to Deployed Personnel ......................... 63 Medical Capabilities ................................................... 66 Key Medical Facilities ........................................... 66 History ......................................................................... 68 Chronology of Key Events ..................................... 75 GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS .................................. 76 Government ................................................................. 76 National Level ........................................................ 76 Local Level ............................................................ 80 iv Contents (Continued) Key Government Officials ..................................... 82 Political Parties ...................................................... 82 Elections ................................................................ 84 Foreign Relations ................................................... 84 International Organizations .................................... 88 Non-governmental Organizations .......................... 89 Corruption .............................................................. 89 ECONOMY ..................................................................... 90 Overview ..................................................................... 90 Economic Statistics ..................................................... 91 Economic Aid ............................................................. 92 Banking Services ........................................................ 94 Natural Resources ...................................................... 95 Industry .................................................................. 95 Foreign Investment ................................................ 98 Outlook .................................................................. 100 THREAT .......................................................................... 101 Crime .......................................................................... 101 Travel Security ............................................................ 101 Drug Trafficking ......................................................... 101 Foreign Intelligence Services ...................................... 103 ARMED FORCES ........................................................... 104 Mission of the Armed Forces ...................................... 104 Structure of the National Defense Organization ......... 105 Personnel ..................................................................... 105 Key Defense Personnel .......................................... 106 Terms of Service .................................................... 106 Training ....................................................................... 107 Capability Evaluation .................................................. 108 v Contents (Continued) Budgetary Expenditures .............................................. 108 Morale ......................................................................... 109 Hardware Conditions .................................................. 109 Parts Availability and Maintenance ............................. 109 Army ........................................................................... 109 Mission .................................................................. 109 Organization ........................................................... 110 Facilities ................................................................. 110 Personnel ................................................................ 110 Doctrine ................................................................. 111 Training .................................................................. 112 Equipment .............................................................. 112 Air Force ..................................................................... 115 Facilities ................................................................. 115 Personnel ................................................................ 115 Doctrine ................................................................. 115 Training .................................................................. 115 Equipment .............................................................. 116 Navy ............................................................................ 117 Mission .................................................................. 117 Facilities ................................................................. 117 Personnel ................................................................ 117 Doctrine ................................................................. 118 Training