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Chapter 7, Verses 13 to 16,Taitreya Upanishad, Class 36,Baghawat Geeta, Class
Bhagawat Geeta, Class 105: Chapter 7, Verses 13 to 16 Shloka # 13: त्िरिभर्गुणमयैर्भावैरेिभः सर्विमदं जगत्। मोिहतं नािभजानाित मामेभ्यः परमव्ययम्।।7.13।। Due to three (kinds of) objects, consisting of (prakriti’s) constituents, this whole world is deluded; it fails to cognize Me, the immutable (Reality) beyond them. Continuing his teaching of the Gita, Swami Paramarthananda said, with the 12th shloka of chapter 7, Sri Krishna has completed talking about Ishwaraswarupam. In his talks, Sri Krishna points out that the entire universe is God himself consisting of the Spirit (consciousness) that is of a higher nature and Matter, consisting of an inferior nature. Wherever there is change it is Apara Prakriti (AP). So, the whole world, the body, mind and thought all are AP. The Para Prakriti (PP) is the consciousness alone, which is changeless and formless. Now, Sri Krishna discussed another topic, raising the question as to why do humans suffer when everything in the universe is divine? Why does one feel incomplete, insecure and not at ease? This is a universal problem. Different people solve it in different ways. Some acquire material things, some seek position, some seek power, name, family etc. Nothing, however, seems to work. This universal problem is called Samasra. Sri Krishna is diagnosing the problem in shloka # 13 and provides its resolution in shloka # 14. The problem is this: Since the Para prakriti (PP) is formless, colorless and not accessible for our perception, we generally miss it. Hence it is also called “Aprameya” meaning not accessible to perception. -
Was Swami Vivekananda a Hindu Supremacist? Revisiting a Long-Standing Debate
religions Article Was Swami Vivekananda a Hindu Supremacist? Revisiting a Long-Standing Debate Swami Medhananda y Program in Philosophy, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, West Bengal 711202, India; [email protected] I previously published under the name “Ayon Maharaj”. In February 2020, I was ordained as a sannyasin¯ of y the Ramakrishna Order and received the name “Swami Medhananda”. Received: 13 June 2020; Accepted: 13 July 2020; Published: 17 July 2020 Abstract: In the past several decades, numerous scholars have contended that Swami Vivekananda was a Hindu supremacist in the guise of a liberal preacher of the harmony of all religions. Jyotirmaya Sharma follows their lead in his provocative book, A Restatement of Religion: Swami Vivekananda and the Making of Hindu Nationalism (2013). According to Sharma, Vivekananda was “the father and preceptor of Hindutva,” a Hindu chauvinist who favored the existing caste system, denigrated non-Hindu religions, and deviated from his guru Sri Ramakrishna’s more liberal and egalitarian teachings. This article has two main aims. First, I critically examine the central arguments of Sharma’s book and identify serious weaknesses in his methodology and his specific interpretations of Vivekananda’s work. Second, I try to shed new light on Vivekananda’s views on Hinduism, religious diversity, the caste system, and Ramakrishna by building on the existing scholarship, taking into account various facets of his complex thought, and examining the ways that his views evolved in certain respects. I argue that Vivekananda was not a Hindu supremacist but a cosmopolitan patriot who strove to prepare the spiritual foundations for the Indian freedom movement, scathingly criticized the hereditary caste system, and followed Ramakrishna in championing the pluralist doctrine that various religions are equally capable of leading to salvation. -
Significant Persons/Founders
Significant Persons/ Founders Historical Figures Aksapada Gautama (600 BCE): Aksapada Gautama is believed to be, at the very least, the principal author of Nyaya Sutras, the foundational text of the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy. Nyaya comprises both philosophical and religious practices. Its ultimate concern is to bring an end to human suffering, which results from ignorance of reality. Liberation is brought about through right knowledge. Nyaya is thus concerned with the means of right knowledge and right action. The date when the text was composed as well as the biography of its author are uncertain. Estimates vary significantly ranging from between 6th-century BCE to 2nd-century BCE. As well, it is believed that the Nyaya Sutras may have been written by more than one author, and perhaps over a long period of time. A sutra is a Sanskrit word that means “string, thread,” and is a condensed manual of knowledge of a specific field or school of thought. Each sutra is written in the form of a short rule, like a theorem summarized into few words or syllables, around which the teachings of any field of knowledge can be woven. The Nyaya Sutras text consists of five books of two chapters each, with a cumulative total of 528 sutras about rules of reason, logic, knowledge, and metaphysics. Kanada (6th Century BCE to 2nd Century BCE): Kanada (also known as Kashyapa, Uluka, Kananda, and Kanabhuk) founded the Vaisheshika school of Hindu philosophy. The Vaisheshika system holds that the smallest, indivisible, indestructible part of the world is an atom (anu). -
Religion and the Alter-Nationalist Politics of Diaspora in an Era of Postcolonial Multiculturalism
RELIGION AND THE ALTER-NATIONALIST POLITICS OF DIASPORA IN AN ERA OF POSTCOLONIAL MULTICULTURALISM (chapter six) “There can be no Mother India … no Mother Africa … no Mother England … no Mother China … and no Mother Syria or Mother Lebanon. A nation, like an individual, can have only one Mother. The only Mother we recognize is Mother Trinidad and Tobago, and Mother cannot discriminate between her children. All must be equal in her eyes. And no possible interference can be tolerated by any country outside in our family relations and domestic quarrels, no matter what it has contributed and when to the population that is today the people of Trinidad and Tobago.” - Dr. Eric Williams (1962), in his Conclusion to The History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago, published in conjunction with National Independence in 1962 “Many in the society, fearful of taking the logical step of seeking to create a culture out of the best of our ancestral cultures, have advocated rather that we forget that ancestral root and create something entirely new. But that is impossible since we all came here firmly rooted in the cultures from which we derive. And to simply say that there must be no Mother India or no Mother Africa is to show a sad lack of understanding of what cultural evolution is all about.” - Dr. Brinsley Samaroo (Express Newspaper, 18 October 1987), in the wake of victory of the National Alliance for Reconstruction in December 1986, after thirty years of governance by the People’s National Movement of Eric Williams Having documented and analyzed the maritime colonial transfer and “glocal” transculturation of subaltern African and Hindu spiritisms in the southern Caribbean (see Robertson 1995 on “glocalization”), this chapter now turns to the question of why each tradition has undergone an inverse political trajectory in the postcolonial era. -
Om: One God Universal a Garland of Holy Offerings * * * * * * * * Viveka Leads to Ānanda
Om: One God Universal A Garland of Holy Offerings * * * * * * * * Viveka Leads To Ānanda VIVEKNANDA KENDRA PATRIKĀ Vol. 22 No. 2: AUGUST 1993 Represented By Murari and Sarla Nagar Truth is One God is Truth . God is One Om Shanti Mandiram Columbia MO 2001 The treasure was lost. We have regained it. This publication is not fully satisfactory. There is a tremendous scope for its improvement. Then why to publish it? The alternative was to let it get recycled. There is a popular saying in American academic circles: Publish or Perish. The only justification we have is to preserve the valuable contents for posterity. Yet it is one hundred times better than its original. We have devoted a great deal of our time, money, and energy to improve it. The entire work was recomposed on computer. Figures [pictures] were scanned and inserted. Diacritical marks were provided as far as possible. References to citations were given in certain cases. But when a vessel is already too dirty it is very difficult to clean it even in a dozen attempts. The original was an assemblage of scattered articles written by specialists in their own field. Some were extracted from publications already published. It was issued as a special number of a journal. It needed a competent editor. Even that too was not adequate unless the editor possessed sufficient knowledge of and full competence in all the subject areas covered. One way to make it correct and complete was to prepare a kind of draft and circulate it among all the writers, or among those who could critically examine a particular paper in their respective field. -
Science of Sound in Hinduism
Science of Sound in Hinduism Dr. M.G. Prasad Professor Emeritus Department of Mechanical Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Srijan Talks August 17, 2019 On Sound “ We say that we hear a sound, which means that somewhere or other an air quiver has been started and has reached our ears. As the life and processes of the world go on the actions which take place are accompanied by these tremors, and we live in this world of sound.” Sir William Bragg 2 Ubiquity of Acoustics Lord Shiva with Lord Krishna “DRUM” with “CONCH- SHELL” “ROSARY” as Speech Alphabet Sounds Goddess Saraswathi with “VEENA” Lord Krishna with “FLUTE” 4 Vedic Literature as an Inverted Tree Param Brahman Shabda Brahman वे मण वेदतये शदमं परं च यत ् शदमण नणातः परमाधगछत There are two manifestations of Brahman to be realized: Shabda (Transcendental Sound) and Param Brahman (Light). One who has realized and is well versed in Shabda Brahman will realize Param Brahman . Amrita Bindu Upanishat ॐ इत म ॐ इतीदगम ् सव तय वाचकः णवः I तय ईवरय णवो नामेयथः (योगवातक) Om is Brahman and Om is everything Om (Pranava) is Shabda Brahman OM is a Spiritual Symbol • OM is name (sound) and form of God. Om is Brahman • OM has five parts including the union of sounds of A, U and M (A+U+M + Halfmoon + Bindu) • OM chanting is also practiced in Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism • OM is very important in Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism). It is recited along with prayers, Vedic chants, rituals, spiritual and philosophical gatherings • OM is heard by a baby in the womb in the eighth month. -
Amritabindu Upanishad
|| AqÉ×iÉÌoÉlSÒ || AMRITABINDU UPANISHAD A Drop of Immortality “THE SANDEEPANY EXPERIENCE” Reflections by TEXT SWAMI GURUBHAKTANANDA 30 Sandeepany’s Vedanta Course List of All the Course Texts in Chronological Sequence: Text TITLE OF TEXT Text TITLE OF TEXT No. No. 1 Sadhana Panchakam 24 Hanuman Chalisa 2 Tattwa Bodha 25 Vakya Vritti 3 Atma Bodha 26 Advaita Makaranda 4 Bhaja Govindam 27 Kaivalya Upanishad 5 Manisha Panchakam 28 Bhagavad Geeta (Discourse -- ) 6 Forgive Me 29 Mundaka Upanishad 7 Upadesha Sara 30 Amritabindu Upanishad 8 Prashna Upanishad 31 Mukunda Mala (Bhakti Text) 9 Dhanyashtakam 32 Tapovan Shatkam 10 Bodha Sara 33 The Mahavakyas, Panchadasi 5 11 Viveka Choodamani 34 Aitareya Upanishad 12 Jnana Sara 35 Narada Bhakti Sutras 13 Drig-Drishya Viveka 36 Taittiriya Upanishad 14 “Tat Twam Asi” – Chand Up 6 37 Jivan Sutrani (Tips for Happy Living) 15 Dhyana Swaroopam 38 Kena Upanishad 16 “Bhoomaiva Sukham” Chand Up 7 39 Aparoksha Anubhuti (Meditation) 17 Manah Shodhanam 40 108 Names of Pujya Gurudev 18 “Nataka Deepa” – Panchadasi 10 41 Mandukya Upanishad 19 Isavasya Upanishad 42 Dakshinamurty Ashtakam 20 Katha Upanishad 43 Shad Darshanaah 21 “Sara Sangrah” – Yoga Vasishtha 44 Brahma Sootras 22 Vedanta Sara 45 Jivanmuktananda Lahari 23 Mahabharata + Geeta Dhyanam 46 Chinmaya Pledge A NOTE ABOUT SANDEEPANY Sandeepany Sadhanalaya is an institution run by the Chinmaya Mission in Powai, Mumbai, teaching a 2-year Vedanta Course. It has a very balanced daily programme of basic Samskrit, Vedic chanting, Vedanta study, Bhagavatam, Ramacharitmanas, Bhajans, meditation, sports and fitness exercises, team-building outings, games and drama, celebration of all Hindu festivals, weekly Gayatri Havan and Guru Paduka Pooja, and Karma Yoga activities. -
The Christian Society for the Study of Hinduism, 1940-1956: Interreligious Engagement in Mid-Twentieth Century India
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Unisa Institutional Repository THE CHRISTIAN SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HINDUISM, 1940-1956: INTERRELIGIOUS ENGAGEMENT IN MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY INDIA by RICHARD LEROY HIVNER Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject RELIGIOUS STUDIES at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR M CLASQUIN JUNE 2011 Acknowledgements This thesis is deeply indebted to many individuals, both historical and contemporary, who have lived in nebulous areas on the borderlands of Hinduism and Christianity. Some of them would object even to this illustration of their engagement with what have come to be understood as two different world religions, and perhaps they are better described as pilgrims in uncharted territory. Nonetheless, my debt and gratitude, particularly to those I am privileged to call friends. Many librarians and archivists have been helpful and generous in my researches over the years. Related to this thesis, particular thanks are due to the librarians and archivists at the United Theological College in Bangalore, the archivists of the CMS collection at the University of Birmingham, and the librarians and archivists at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London. The late Fr. James Stuart of the Brotherhood House in Delhi provided access to books and abundant encouragement, and his successors there have continued to provide hospitable access. Thanks are also due to Bishop Raphy Manjaly and Rev. Joseph D’Souza of the diocese of Varanasi of the Roman Catholic Church for making copies of The Pilgrim in their possession available to me. -
Yoga Glossary
Yoga Glossary A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z TERMS DESCRIPTION Abhyasa practice - the act of practicing Acharya teacher Adwaita a philosophy according to which there is no duality - only a singular state of consciousness Agni fire Agnisar kriya one of the shatkarmas (cleansing practices) - intestinal cleansing Aham ego Ahimsa non-violence, non-injury - one of the yamas of ashtanga yoga Ajapa japa spontaneous repetition of 'soham' mantra Ajna chakra energy center located behind the forehead, also called psychic centre - one of the seven energy centers Akasha ether, space Anahata chakra energy center located in the heart region; also called pranic centre - fourth of the seven energy centers. Ananda bliss, ecstasy Antar inner, internal Antar dhauti internal yoga cleansing (shatkarma) techniques Antar kumbhaka internal breath retention. The stage of pranayama where breath is retained after inhalation. Antar mouna internal silence - a meditation practice. Anubhava experience, realization Ardha half Ardha dhanurasana half bow yoga pose Ardha matsyendrasana half spinal twist yoga position Ardha padmasana half lotus pose Asana yoga position or yoga pose, also called yogasana. A balanced position for smooth energy flow in specific areas of the body and mind. Ashrama residential place of people living together in yogic tradition. Top^ Ashtanga yoga the eight fold path of yoga as outlined by Patanjali: yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, samadhi Ashwini mudra practice of contracting the anal sphincter. Atman soul. Aum see Om Avidya Ignorance Top^ Bahir outside, external Bahir kumbhaka external breath retention. -
Encyclopedia of Hinduism J: AF
Encyclopedia of Hinduism J: AF i-xL-hindu-fm.indd i 12/14/06 1:02:34 AM Encyclopedia of Buddhism Encyclopedia of Catholicism Encyclopedia of Hinduism Encyclopedia of Islam Encyclopedia of Judaism Encyclopedia of Protestantism i-xL-hindu-fm.indd ii 12/14/06 1:02:34 AM Encyclopedia of World Religions nnnnnnnnnnn Encyclopedia of Hinduism J: AF Constance A. Jones and James D. Ryan J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor i-xL-hindu-fm.indd iii 12/14/06 1:02:35 AM Encyclopedia of Hinduism Copyright © 2007 by Constance A. Jones and James D. Ryan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the pub- lisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 ISBN-10: 0-8160-5458-4 ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-5458-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jones, Constance A., 1961– Encyclopedia of Hinduism / Constance A. Jones and James D. Ryan. p. cm. — (Encyclopedia of world religions) Includes index. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9 1. Hinduism—Encyclopedias. I. Ryan, James D. II. Title. III. Series. BL1105.J56 2006 294.503—dc22 2006044419 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. -
Theme 1C: Shri Paramahamsa Ramakrishna Contents
GCE A LEVEL WJEC A-LEVEL RELIGIOUS STUDIES Theme 1C: Shri Paramahamsa Ramakrishna Contents Glossary Key Terms 3 Influence of mystical experiences on his thought 4 Development of Advaita – his role in promoting Hinduism and 6 developing neo-Vedanta thought Importance of Vivekananda including Ramakrishna mission in the 8 development of Hinduism Interpretation of thinking of Ram Mohan Roy and Ramakrishna 9 Importance of Ramakrishna Mission in the development of Hinduism 13 Development of neo-Vedanta 15 Creation of popular discourse of Hinduism in the West, development of 16 Hinduism as a world religion; importance of tolerance and respect towards all spiritual paths Issues for discussion 11 Other Useful Resources 12 2 Glossary Key Terms Advaita – Non-dualism is a Vedantic view that things only appear to be distinctly different objects, but there is no separateness in the underlying reality Advaita Vedanta – Non-dual Vedanta teaches that atman and Brahman are identical. One of the 6 ‘Darshans’ (or schools) of Vedantic philosophy. Tantra – Spiritual path of Shakti-worship jnana – Experiential knowledge of Brahman. Upanishads – The section of the Vedas that deals with the philosophical principles underlying the practices documented in the Vedas. The most famous Upanishads, for example, the Chandogya or the Brihadaranyaka, speak of the inherent unity of atman and Brahman, and delineate a monist philosophy. Brahmo Samaj – An Indian Religion founded under the British Empire, by Ram Mohan Roy emulating Christian congregational practices by taking ‘The Upanishads’ as its Holy Book and rejecting Hindu deities, rituals and customs. samadhi – highest point of mental concentration possible for a yogi, whilst still bound to the body. -
To Download Archived Circulars
Protest against Indian Government's brutal action against peaceful and sleeping people at Midnight Three main reasons for our protest: (1) During Baba Ramdev’s peaceful hunger-strike, on June 5 2011 at Ramlila Grounds in Delhi, over 60000 sleeping civilians, who were also fasting, were brutally attacked by the police in the middle of night under the Indian government’s instructions. Continue... Ayurveda+Herbal Medicine Symposium Looking Beyond April 2011 was the theme on Monday 28th March 2011 at Indian YMCA, Fitzroy Square, London, where Amarjeet S Bhamra founder of www.saveherbalmedicine.com Continue... >New programme on MATV promoting Hindu Faith We are pleased to inform you that Hindu Council UK Jt. General Secretary Mr Brij Mohan Gupta is hosting an innovative and exciting new programme called “Let's Talk” every Sunday evening on MATV (Sky Channel 793). The programme addresses a variety of topics related to Hindu Dharma and culture. It also allows viewers to phone in to pose questions about the Hindu Faith and welcomes your suggestions. Kindly let all your family, friends and associates know about this unique new service aimed especially at Hindus settled outside of India. Continue... HCUK - AGM December 2010 Dear All, This is to give notice to all affiliated Organizations of Hindu Council UK that the Annual General Meeting (AGM) will be held on: Day and Date: Sunday, 5 December 2010 Place: Sanatan Mandir, 84 Weymouth Street, Leicester LE4 6FQ Tel: 01162661402 Time: 1pm for Lunch to start meeting at 2pm sharp to 4.30pm AGENDA 1. To approve Minutes of the previous AGM Continue..