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¡88 L4 546 2002 Trends and Traditions in Latin American and Caribbean History SEMINAR ON THE ACQUISITION OF LATIN AMERICAN LIBRARY MATERIALS XLVII LEE LIBRARY ' AROIDB. UMVERS11T IHAM YOUNG PROVO.UTAH Trends and Traditions in Latin American and Caribbean History SALALM Secretariat Benson Latin American Collection The General Libraries The University of Texas at Austin Trends and Traditions in Latin American and Caribbean History Papers of the Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the SEMINAR ON THE ACQUISITION OF LATIN AMERICAN LIBRARY MATERIALS Cornell University June 1-4, 2002 Denise A. Hibay Editor SALALM Secretariat Benson Latin American Collection The General Libraries The University of Texas at Austin ISBN: 0-917617-73-8 Copyright © 2005 by SALALM, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America S?nU^<BRARY . Contents Preface vii 1. Dressed Like an Indian: Ethnic Ambiguity in Early Colonial Peru Karen B. Graubart 1 2. Revolutions on the Radio: People and Issues Related to Revolutionary Movements in Latin America, Audio Gleanings from the Peabody Awards Collection Laura D. Shedenhelm 10 3. Atlantic Crossings: The Trade in Latin American Books in Europe in the Nineteenth Century Geoffrey West 29 4. El color, la textura, el peso de la página: el arte del libro en América Latina Lourdes Vázquez 44 5. The Map in the Book: Barbados Alan Moss 52 6. Judging a Book by Its Cover: Cover Art of Editora Política Sharon A. Moynahan Wendy Louise Pedersen 56 7. A Poster is Worth 10,000 Words: Cuban Political Posters at the University of New Mexico Claire-Lise Bénaud Sharon A. Moynahan 61 8. Tendencias interpretativas en torno a Fidel Castro Enrique Camacho Navarro 69 9. ¿Qué aportan los estudios biográficos a la historiografía cubana actual? Eliades Acosta 11 10. Bibliotecas digitales en México Víctor J. Cid Carmona 85 1 1 Mexicoarte: una alternativa electrónica para conocer la historia del arte de México Elsa Barberena 103 Contents vl 12. Course-Integrated Information Literacy: Tales of Success Foretold 112 Anne C. Barnhart-Park 197 Contributors 1Z,/ Conference Program ™ Preface The forty-seventh Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials (SALALM) met in June 2002 to discuss trends and traditions in Latin American and Caribbean history, including the full range of resources librarians collect to support this research. The present volume includes a repre- sentative sample of the presentations that were made and captures the essence of how scholars and librarians approach the collecting and use of traditional primary source materials as well as materials in new formats. Oftentimes, it is not the format that has changed but the way the source is read and interpreted, as Karen B. Graubart, from Cornell's History Department, demonstrated in her reading of seventeenth-century colonial wills in Peru. A number of papers in this volume reflects the never-ending fascination librarians have with the book, its history and dissemination, and the cultural clues gleaned from its production. A number of panelists also discussed the use and efficacy of the digitalization of historical materials such as manuscripts and pamphlets. The August 2002 SALALM Newsletter provides more details on the various issues and projects discussed during the conference and not covered in these papers. Professor George Reid Andrews, the keynote speaker, gave a lively over- view of his project on blacks in Latin America and his research trips to Brazil and Uruguay. His comments focused on the cultural constructs of race, the debate over racial democracy, and the most effective means to achieve equal- ity. The audience was also treated to a tape recording of drumming music he captured during his participation in a comparsa procession during Carnival in Uruguay. Although Professor Andrews's comments are not included in the present volume, the results of his research can be found in his recent work Afro-Latin America, 1800-2000 (Oxford University Press, 2004). The tape recording that Professor Andrews shared, quite unexpectedly, anticipated the panel on multimedia approaches to Latin American history. Laura D. Shedenhelm's article, including her excellent bibliography of audio recordings contained in the Peabody Awards Collection at the University of Georgia, highlights resources not typically considered by students and schol- ars. This type of material—tape recordings, CD-ROMs, videos, DVDs, and 16 mm film—provides exciting opportunities for new approaches to research, but brings a host of preservation concerns and challenges. Vll viii Preface Finally, I feel compelled to point out that the conference was held nine months after the events of September 11, 2001. In the painful days and months that followed, the community spirit, so easily evinced within SALALM's discussions and activities, served as a great source of strength and solidarity. More than ever before, we came together in Ithaca with a new sense of urgency in greeting old friends and colleagues and, of course, with a renewed sense of — 1 the values "the free exchange of ideas and information" —we affirm through our libraries. While the ramifications of and responses to those tragic events continue to reverberate throughout the world, even reminding us of events 2 in Latin American history, our steady progress in building and preserving collections slowly continues. Yet, as it was confirmed for us in New York after September 11, the library is more than its collections; it is also an essential civic place. I am especially indebted to David Block and the Local Arrangements Committee. Ithaca, New York, was a delightful conference site and Cornell University a most gracious and welcoming host institution. I would also like to thank Cecilia Sercan, Sarah Thomas, Cornell's University Librarian, and Debra A. Castillo of the Latin American Studies Program. In Texas, Laura Gutierrez-Witt, Jane Garner, and Sandy Lowder gave invaluable help and support. I am most fortunate and grateful indeed to have in New York such wonderful colleagues as Elizabeth Diefendorf, Fernando Acosta-Rodriguez, Angela Carreño, Ramón Abad, and Pamela Graham. A special thanks to Mark L. Grover and Shannon Thurlow for their help in editing these papers. In the end, the conference came together through the efforts of the many active mem- bers of SALALM who participated in committee meetings; volunteered to serve as panelists, moderators, and rapporteurs; and faithfully attended each and every session (or nearly each one). And finally, to past and current mem- bers, from whom I have learned so much, and to future generations of salamis- tas, I dedicate these proceedings. Denise A. Hibay NOTES 1. From a statement issued by the New York Public Library, "NYPL Responds: Meeting Community Needs in the Wake of Tragedy." The full statement was available for a period of time on NYPL's website: "Libraries have always been the bulwark of our democracy and are more important today than ever before. The free exchange of ideas and information and the opportunity for people to connect with each other and discover new tools to improve their lives lie at the heart of a civil society. These values are reaffirmed every day through the collections, services and pro- grams provided at the New York Public Library and libraries across America." 2. "The Other September 11," The New York Times, September 11, 2003, p. A24. 1. Dressed Like an Indian: Ethnic Ambiguity in Early Colonial Peru Karen B. Graubart Recently, historians of colonial Latin America have proposed that what people take to be stable concepts of ethnicity or race need to be reassessed. Instead of seeing ethnic identity as inherent and immutable, Douglas Cope, for example, has argued that people should take it as a "social identity that may be reaffirmed, modified, manipulated, or perhaps even rejected— all in a wide variety of contexts." 1 Cope, like Patricia Seed in her own work on Mexico City, has found that ethnic labels shifted with circumstance or perspective. Similarly, Ann Twinam has found that legitimacy — a concept much intertwined with ethnicity in the colonial Americas— was also subject 2 to manipulation or purchase. While documents often appear to provide a sta- ble "snapshot" of an individual's social characteristics, even within a single text readers often encounter ambiguities and dissonances. A succinct example comes from the 1613 padrón (tributary census) of the Indians of Lima, Peru, where Miguel de Contreras, the census-taker, argued with those he was enu- merating as well as with himself in the deceptively simple paragraphs of his record. In one example, an entry ambivalently headed "Indian servant, mes- tizo youth," Contreras wrote the following: [I]n the house of the accountant Sebastián de Mosquera, there was found in his service a young Indian boy called Martin, he knows no other name, and he said that he is a native of La Chimba in Arequipa and he was born in the home of the said accountant, and he does not know who his parents are, other than that he is said to be a mestizo. And the accountant certified that said young man is a mestizo although he was wearing the clothing of an Indian, and that he is twelve years old. Marginal annotations reveal that Contreras indeed counted the boy as an Indian, probably as much from the desire to increase tributary rolls as from an 4 ability to discern his ethnicity from visual or auditory cues. This ambiguity is expected when it is taken into account that "Indianness" was an identity rarely claimed by natives until much later in the colonial period. Similarly, mestizaje, or the product of sexual relations between Indians and Spaniards, was regularly treated as a problem or a socioeconomic condi- tion rather than a cultural identity in the first century of colonization. That is, 2 Karen B.

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