1 Fifth Periodical Report Presented to the Secretary General of The
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Strasbourg, 28 September 2018 MIN-LANG (2018) PR 2 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Fifth periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter SPAIN 1 SECRETARIA DE ESTADO PARA LAS ADMINISTRACIONES TERRIITORIALES MINISTERIO SECRETARÍA GENERAL DE COORDINACIÓN DE LA PRESIDENCIA TERRITORIAL Y PARA LAS ADMINISTRACIONES TERRITORIALES DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE RELACIONES CON LAS COMUNIDADES AUTONOMA Y ENTES LOCALES. FIFTH REPORT ON THE APPLICATION BY SPAIN OF THE EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES, OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE 2014 - 2016 2 CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………….3 II. LANGUAGES RECOGNIZED AS CO-OFFICIAL IN THE STATUTES OF AUTONOMY OF THE AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES A) SITUATION OF THESE CO-OFFICIAL LANGUAGES IN EACH AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY Catalan in Catalonia……………………………………………………… 4 Catalan in the Balearic Islands.…………………………………………. 45 Galician in Galicia……….……………………………………………….. 74 Valencian in the Valencian Community..………………………………. 118 Basque in the Basque Country...………………………………………...148 Basque in the Foral Community of Navarre……………….…………….208 The Occitan Language (Aranese in the Aran Valley).………………….237 B) SITUATION OF THESE CO-OFFICIAL LANGUAGES IN THE GENERAL STATE ADMINISTRATION……………………….…………………………..256 III. NON-OFFICIAL REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Asturian in Asturias ...…………………………………………………277 Languages of Aragon………………………………………………….286 Leonese in Castilla y León ...…………………………………………290 Amazige in Melilla .....…………………………………………………291 3 I. INTRODUCTION This fifth report by the Kingdom of Spain, 2014-2016, on the application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, is made in response to the provisions in this respect set out in Article 15 of the Charter, according to which the first report should be presented one year following the entry into force of the Charter, and subsequent ones should be presented to the General Secretariat of the Council of Europe at three-yearly intervals after the first report. The Charter came into force for Spain on 1 August 2001, and so the first report was presented in 2002, the second one (for the period 2002-2005) in 2006, the third one (for the period 2006-2009) in 2010, and the fourth report (2010-2013) in 2014. As indicated in the previous reports, it is immediately apparent from these documents that multilingualism is one of the essential features of modern Spain, established in the form of Autonomous Communities, a structure that generates cultural, social and economic wealth, as well as a common heritage that should be respected and promoted, not only to comply with the commitments arising from the Charter, but also to meet Spain’s constitutional, statutory and legal obligations. This Report addresses the issues raised with respect to the previous one by the Committee of Experts, and the recommendations made by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. It is important to highlight in this introduction that the starting point of this period for Spain has been a situation of significant budgetary restrictions, deriving from the context of financial crisis that afflicted Spain in the years preceding the period under examination. This Report was prepared with the cooperation and information provided by the Autonomous Communities and Cities with Statutes of Autonomy, and by the Ministries of Spain’s Central Government. In view of the volume of information provided by the authorities consulted, this report includes, as concisely as possible, or in summary, fundamentally the changes made and recent activities during the period in question, as requested by the General Secretariat of the Council of Europe, and does not reproduce the information provided in previous reports made by the Kingdom of Spain. The process to prepare this Report was coordinated by the Ministry of the Presidency and for the Territorial Administrations (State Secretariat for the Territorial Administrations), through the Directorate-General for Relations with the Autonomous Communities and Local Entities. December 2017 4 II. LANGUAGES RECOGNIZED AS CO-OFFICIAL IN THE STATUTES OF AUTONOMY OF THE AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES A) SITUATION OF THESE CO-OFFICIAL LANGUAGES IN EACH AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY CATALAN IN CATALONIA INTRODUCTION Data on the number of speakers The total population of Catalonia, as at 1 January 2017, is 7,477,131 inhabitants; 64.7% of them were born in the Autonomous Community, 18.26% were born elsewhere in Spain, and approximately 17% were born abroad. These percentages have remained relatively stable in the past four years. The latest official data on knowledge of Catalan have been provided by two sources of information: the 2011 population census, which contains data on languages, and the Survey of the population’s language use (EULP2013), conducted in 2013 by the Directorate-General for Language Policy and the Statistics Institute of Catalonia (the next official survey will be conducted in 2018). The general trend regarding speakers of Catalan since 1981 has been of a growth in percentage. In absolute figures the number has grown as a result of several factors, most noteworthy among which are the expansion of the use of Catalan in education and in the public administration, the teaching of Catalan to adults, and the consolidation of Catalan in the media. 5 Population of Catalonia. Knowledge of Catalan Can Can speak it Can read it Can write it Knowledge of understand it all four skills 2013 5,899.4 5,207.2 5,152.4 3,776.3 3,765.6 2008 5,832.2 4,823.4 5,034.4 3,807.3 3.766.1 Source: Data from 2008, Directorate-General for Language Policy and Statistics Institute of Catalonia. Survey of the Population’s Language Use, 2008. Legislative changes in this period Act 5/2016, of 23 December, on the 2017-2020 Catalonia Statistics Plan, and amending Act 23/1998, on Statistics in Catalonia. The sub-scope of language comes under the Plan’s statistical activity scope of labour and society. The aim is to study in greater depth the basic characteristics of education and training, culture, and language status: the presence of Catalan, the presence of the other co-official languages of Catalonia, and of the other languages used in different spheres. Act 17/2015, on effective equality between women and men. This Act includes provisions that have language-related aspects: its Preamble explicitly states that, in order to ensure effective equality between women and men, it is necessary to prevent all forms of discrimination, including discrimination on the grounds of language. The Act’s Articles, moreover, regulate several provisions on guaranteeing the non-sexist and non-androcentric use of language. Act 13/2014, of 30 October, on accessibility. This Act provides for Catalan Sign Language. Act 16/2014, of 4 December, on external action and relations with the European Union, for the international promotion of Catalan culture and language. One of the purposes of this Act is the international promotion of Catalan language and culture. In this regard, it sets forth that the Catalan Government must promote the Ramon Llull Institute as an agent for the international promotion of the Catalan language and of culture expressed in Catalan, and coordinate its actions with those of the Government Delegation abroad and to the European Union, and with those of the Government’s sectoral offices abroad. In addition, the Act aims to improve the legal status of Catalan in the European Union, so that it may be used in European institutions and be recognized as official. Decree-Law 8/2014, of 23 December, creating a Register of Court Translators and Interpreters so that they may perform their duties before the judicial bodies located in Catalonia. Decree 119/2015, of 23 June, on the organization of Primary Education. This Decree implements Act 12/2009, of 10 July, on education, in the corresponding educational sphere. Its Articles set forth provisions concerning the status of the Catalan 6 language, the system of two official languages, and the commitment to a multilingual educational project. Decree 187/2015, of 25 August, on the organization of Compulsory Secondary Education. Its explanatory memorandum explicitly notes that Act 12/2009, of 10 July, on education, establishes that Catalan, as Catalonia’s own language, is the language normally used as a vehicular language and as a language of learning in the education system. Its Articles set forth provisions concerning the status of the Catalan language, the system of two official languages, and the commitment to a multilingual educational project. Decree 150/2014, of 18 November, on services for immigrants and returnees in Catalonia. This Decree establishes the services necessary to acquire language skills in Catalan. Decree 180/2014, of 30 December, on certification of knowledge of legal language. This Decree sets forth the evaluation and certification of specific knowledge of Catalan for the legal and judicial sphere, and promotes the assessment of this knowledge for judicial staff who can accredit it when opting for positions in this sphere. It seeks to facilitate knowledge of the appropriate knowledge of Catalan for the judicial sphere and foster its use. Decree 3/2014, of 7 January, amending Decree 152/2001, of 29 May, on the evaluation and certification of Knowledge of Catalan. Decree 121/2013, of 26 February, on the new regulation of official forms for complaints and claims in consumer relations. Official complaints and claims forms were regulated for the first time in Catalonia by Decree 171/1991, of 16 July, which established a unified model for complaints and claims forms and defined the establishments that were required to have them. The current official forms take into account the new provisions on consumer affairs contained in Act 22/2010, of 20 July, on the Consumer Code of Catalonia, and they must be available in Catalan, Castilian, and where appropriate, in English. Decision CLT/1841/2016, of 12 July, publishing the Census of Entities for the Promotion of the Catalan Language.