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General Assembly u· N I TE D N. A TI 0 N S ·Distr, ~ A/2653 . GENERAL 17 August 1954 ASSEMBLY ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Ninth· session INFORMATION FROM NON .. sELF·GO~"ERNmG TEimi'l'ORIES • SUMMARY .AND JUqALmiS OF INFORMATION TRANSMI'ITED UNDER ARTICLE 73 e OF TEE CHARTER. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY .. QENERAL Summary of ~nformation transmitted by the Government of Denmark!/ On 3 August 1954, the PerJnanent :Pelegation of Denmark to the United Nations forwarded information.transmitted by the Government of Denmark.under Article 73 e in respect of Greenland. The :information opens with a reference to the change in the constitutional posi ti~n of Greenland and to the notification by Dentnal•k that the .obliget~on t.o transmit information u~der Article 73 e is considered to have ceased as from .5 June 1953. Since the info1•mation submitted in 1953 covered the period ending 31 March. 1953,gj the. period f~om 1 April . to 5 June 1953 remains to be ~ported on. The Government of Denmark states that, in view of the fact that this report will be the last, i't has ~onsidered it expedi.ent to give a compendium of de~relopments during the years which led to the constitutional amendment of ' · 5 J'une 1953, rather than place ~)le main stress, as hitherto, on an individual . year. In consequence, this summary is similarly comprehensive. Where a year is mentioned without qualification, it refers to the twelve months end.ing 31 March in the ye&r given. The currency is the Greenland kron~r, which is on terms of parity with the Danish kroner, and is equivalent to $0.14477 in u.s. currency. Y This surumary is also submitted to the Committee on Information from Non-self­ 'I Governing Territories. I 1 !/ United Nations: Document A/2409, dated 27 July 1953· '1 1 54-22798 A/2653 English Page 2 Denmark: Greenland Geography, history and people The total land area is 2,175,600 square kilometres, of which 1,833,900 square kilometres are covered by the ice cap, The country has a polar climate. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the tendency has been for the temperature of the air and sea to rise. Along the west coast, this has contributed to a decrease in sea mammals and has led to a large increase in the occurrence of fish. As a result, communities of hunters have become communities of fishermen. In general, the location and climate of the country, the small population distributed in scattered settlements afford possibilities for only a very modest standard of living if no support is given from the outside world. The fact that Greenland has become part of the Nordic countries must in the first instance be attributed to geographical conditions - its location on the North At1.c1ntic not far removed by sea from the number of islands anrl peninsulas forming the Nordic countrieso Greenland has never been a colony in the same sense as the overseas possessions of other European powers. It has been considered, as far back as the days of the Vikings, a Nordic dominion. The population as at 31 December 1952 was 24,76~of whom 23,360 were Native Greenlander~. The population of West Greenland was 22,665, of East Greenland 1,703 and of North Greenland 4oo. The total Native and non~Native population for previous years were: Native Non-Native 1939 - 18,257 1939 ':" 197 1942 - 19,819 1949 - 941 1947 ... 21,825 1952 - 1,408 1952 - 23,360 ' The follmving is a breakdown of the 1952 Native population by age and sex: Under 12 years 12 years and over Total :Males 4,294 7,095 11,389 Females 4,229 7,742 11,971 8,523 14,837 23,360 A/2653 English Denmark: Greenland Page 3 During the past 150 years the Native population has quadrupled, and in the last 50 years it has doubled. Since the beginning of the eighteenth century the majority of the population has been mixed mainly with Scandinavian blood, to such an extent that it can no longer be said to be of the Eskimo race. Government For the change by which the constitution of Denmark has been extended to comprise Greenland see communication from the Government of Denmark concerning Greenland) document,A/AC.35/L.+55, 7 December 1953. The first parliamentary election in Greenland took place in the autumn of 1953. In the Northern part of West Greenland, the percentage of electors voting was 66.8, and in the Southern part 70.4. It has not yet been possible to extend suffrage to the Danish Parliament to the very thinly populated areas of North and East Gr~enlartd, but this will be done as soon as technical facilities permit, While Greenland was not represented in the Danish Parliament until the passing of the new Constitution in 1953, a certain measure of self-government in local affairs was introduced in the middle of the nineteenth century, and gradually extended. Under the Administration of Greenland Act of 18 April 1925 for West Greenland, 76 Municjpal Councils, 13 District Councils ?tnd 2 Provincial Counci~were created; the so-called Hunter's Council has operated for the North Greenland population; and since 1946 there have been 2 District Councils in East Greeland. By Act of 27 May 1950, the 2 Provincial Councils of West Greenland were combined in theGreenlandCouncil, with greater powers and final authority to decide on certain matters. In the place of the subordinate councils, West Greenland was divided into 16 municipalities administered by councils with greater authority than that of the previous councils. The Greenland Council now has 13 members, elected for four years by universal suffrage. Electors must be at least 23 years old and comply with certain conditions of the same nature as those applying in the rest of Denmarkc The Greenland Council is in many way similar to the County Councils in the rest of Denmark, although it has far more extensive powers. All bills for measures A/2653 English Page 4 Denmark: Greenland • affecting Greenland are sucmi tted to it for deliberation and recommenda·.iion before they ar~ laid before the Danish Parliament; as well. as all bills or proposals for administrative regulations of special importance to the Greenland community. The Council has also authority to decide on a number of matters, particularly in respect of the social welfare services of Greenland. The administration of Greenland is exercised by a special Government e.genr:;,v, the Greenland Department, which is under the supervision of the Prime Minister, Trade production and navigation are managed by the Royal Gree.nland Trade Department. All matters of general importance with regard to Greenland are submitted to the special Greenland Committee of the Danish Parliament. This Committee comprises 10 members, two of whom are the Greenland members for the time being of the Danish Parliamento The Judit~ature Act of 1951 separated ·the administration of justice from the executive power. Jurisdiction is held partly by the High Court, which has its seat in Greenland, and partly by the lower courts, of which there is one in each municipality~ In February 1951, a committee was appointed to make proposals for the introduction of provisions within the field of civil law and for the establishment of a uniform legal system in Greenland on the principle that the provisions to be introduced shall apply to all persons residing in Greenland. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS General Hans Egede, a Danish pastor who received Royal letters of appointment in 1721, operated in the belief that economic activities in Greenland were to be subordinated to missionary work and should form the basis of that work, This principle was in time modified, implying instead that economic activities were to form the basis of cultural work. For the past 150 years it has thus been generally recognized that Denmark·~ s task i.n Greenland was to help its population to attain a cultural and economic standard ·which would make possible the gradual establishment of communications with the rest of the world without exposing the Greenlanders to exploitation. A/2653 English Denmark: Greenland Page 5 Until the early years of this century the hunting of sea mammals) particularly seRls, was the principal occupation of the people, A natural economy prevailed, as practically all requirements were covered by the proceeds of hunting. As the stock of sea mammals diminished, and the population grew , rapidly, hunting, however, became unsatisfactory as an economic basisj and, with the. appearance of large numbers of codfish off the coasts of Southern Greenland, . ' cod fishing became of chief importance. This structural change from a community of hunters to a community of fishermen has made its mark on the development of the country and wi~l remain one of the most prominent features of the future. In the course of a couple of decades the previous natural economy has been gradually replaced by a monetary economy - the cod being sold in the world market and the requirements of the population being covered in the main.by imported goods. As regards international commerce, to ensure a steady increase in the standard of living of the inhabitants irrespective of world price fluctuations, the State from 1774 monopolized all trading activities, making Greenland a c~osed Territory. In 1950 a Government Commission on reorganization recommended that the prevailing principle of balancing revenues and e}~enditures should be abandoned, The current view is that Greenland is a less prosperous part of the Realm and must be aided by the rest of the country. The main object is to raise living standards materially and to create such conditions as would increase productivity.
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