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Environmental Impact Assessment (Update)

Project Number: 45022-002 July 2020

PRC: Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project

Prepared by the Ji’an Municipal Government for the People’s Republic of China and the Asian Development Bank.

This environmental impact assessment report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Asian Development Bank

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 June 2020)

Currency unit – yuan (CNY) CNY 1.00 = $0. 14 12 $1.00 = CNY 7. 0811

ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AQG – air quality guideline As – arsenic B – boron BOD 5 – five-day biochemical oxygen demand BRT – bus rap id transit C&D – construction and demolition Cd – cadmium CN – cyanide CNY – Chinese yuan CO – carbon monoxide CO 2 – carbon dioxide CO 2eq – carbon dioxide equivalent COD – chemical oxyge n dem and CPS – country partnership strategy Cr – chromium Cu – copper DDT – dichloro -diphenyl -trichloroethane DO – dissolved oxygen EA – executing agency EHS – environmental health and safety EIA – environmental impact assessment EIR – en viron mental impact re port EIRF – environme ntal impac t registration form EIT – environmental impact table EMP – environmental management plan EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EPD – Environmental Protection Department ESE – environmental sup ervis ion engineer F¯ – fluoride FSR – fe asibility study report FYP – Five-Year Plan GDP – gross domestic product GEF – Global Environment Facility GHG – greenhouse gas GRM – grievance redress mechanism HC – hydrocarbon Hg – mercury IMn – permanganate index IA – impl ementing age ncy IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature

JDEP – Jiangxi Department of Environmental Protection JEPB – Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau JEPSRI – Jiangxi Environmental Protection and Scientific Research Institute JMG – Ji’an M unicipal G overnment JIDC – Ji’an Urban Investment and Development Company, Ltd. JPLG – Ji’an Project Leading Group JPMO – Ji’an Project Management Office JPTC – Ji’an Public Transport Co. Ltd. JUCB – Ji’an Urban Constructi on Bureau LDI – local design in stitute LIC – loan implementation consultant LIEC – loan implementation environmental consultant MEP – Ministry of Environmental Protection MOF – Ministry of Finance MOT – Ministry of Transport MV – motor vehicl e N – nit rogen NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission NH 3-N – ammonia nitrogen Ni – nickel NMT – non -motorized tra nsport NO 2 – nitrogen dioxide NO x – nitrogen oxides O&M – operation and maintenance PAM – polyacryl amide PAM – project ad ministration manual Pb – lead PM 2.5 – particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 µm PM 10 – particulate matter with diameter ≤ 10 µm PME – powered mechanical equipment PRC – People’s Republic of China Se – selenium SO2 – sulfur dioxide SPS – saf eguard polic y statemen t SS – suspended solid STI – sustainable transport initiative SWCR – soil and water conservation report TN – total nitrogen TP – total phosphorus TPH – total petroleum hydrocarbon TSP – to tal s uspended particu late VOC – volatile organic compound WBG – World Bank Group WCB – Water Conservancy Bureau WHO – World Health Organization WWTP – wastewater treatment plant Zn – zinc

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES oC – degree Centigrade cm – centimeter dB – de cibel h – hour ha – hectare km – kilometer km 2 – square kilometer m – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter m3/s – cubic meter per second mg/kg – milligram per kilogram mg/L – milligram per liter mg/m3 – milligram per cubic meter mm – milli liter t – metric ton t/a – metric ton per annum µg/m 3 – microgram per cubic meter µm – micrometer

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 A. Background 1 B. Project Design 3 C. Project Benefits 3 D. Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4 E. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation 6 F. Grievance Redress Mechanism 6 G. Key EMP implementation Responsibilities 7 H. Risks and Key Assurances 7 I. Overall Conclusion 7 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 8 A. Policy Framework 8 B. Legal and Administrative Framework 10 C. Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards 10 D. Evaluation Standards 13 E. Assessment Area (Project Area of Influence), Assessment Period and Evaluation Standards for the Project 18 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 21 A. Project Rationale 21 B. Component 1: Public Transport 35 C. Component 2: River Rehabilitation 35 D. Component 3: Urban Roads and Traffic Management 40 E. Component 4: Capacity Building 45 F. Global Environment Facility Funding Activities 45 G. Construction Activities 46 H. Institutional Arrangements for Construction and Operation 47 I. Associated Facilities 48 J. Climate Change Adaptation Considerations 49 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA) 50 A. Existing Setting of the Project Sites 50 B. Existing Sensitive Receptors 50 C. Physical Setting 54 D. Biological Resources, Ecology and Biodiversity 62 E. Socio-economic Conditions 73 F. Physical Cultural Resources 75 G. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change 77 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 79 A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits 79 B. Impacts Associated with Project Location, Planning and Design 79 C. Measures during Detailed Design and Pre-construction 82 D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Stage 83 E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation Stage 94 F. Cumulative Impacts 102 G. Indirect and Induced Impacts 103

VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 105 A. No Project Alternative 105 B. Alternatives Considered 105 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 108 A. Legislative Framework 108 B. Information Disclosure 108 C. Questionnaire Survey 112 D. Discussion Forum 114 E. Future Plans for Public Participation 116 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 117 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 118 X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 119 A. Expected Project Benefits 119 B. Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures 119 C. Risks and Assurances 120 D. Overall Conclusion 122

Appendix 1: Environmental Management Plan Appendix 2: Draft Technical Ecology Report for Yudai River Rehabilitation and Riverside Park Development. Appendix 3: Climate Risk and Vulnerability Analyses Report Appendix 4: Initial Environmental Examination - Ji’an Reliable Transit (JRT) and Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) Improvement Component

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Background

1. This environmental impact assessment (EIA) is for the proposed Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project. This report was prepared based on two domestic Environmental Impact Reports (EIR); a planning EIR prepared for the Western City Development Area and a project EIR; supplemented with information from three domestic Feasibility Study Reports (FSRs) and the Soil and Water Conservation Report (SWCR) prepared for the project.

2. This project is in Ji’an City located in the mid-western region of Jiangxi Province (Figure I.1), along the mid-stream section of the Gan River, a major river flowing through Jiangxi into Poyang Lake. Its coordinates are latitudes 25 o58’32”N to 27 o57’50”N and longitudes 113 o46’E to 115 o56’E. The city extends 218 kilometers (km) from north to south and 208 km from east to west. Total administrative area is 25,300 square kilometers (km 2), accounting for approximately 15% of total area in the province. Total population is approximately 5 million.

Figure I.1: Location of Ji’an City in the PRC

Map of PRC showing Jiangxi Province

Map of Jiangxi Province showing Ji’an C ity Map of Ji’an showing Jizhou District

3. The urban center is in Jizhou District (see Figure I.1), which is located approximately 210 km south of Nanchang, the provincial capital. Jizhou District has a land area of 425 km 2 and a population of 343,200. The project sites are mostly located in Jizhou District. The Project aims to improve Ji’an’s urban transport network in a sustainable manner by improving public transport services and public safety, providing new urban roads linking the planned high-speed rail station and new development area with the existing urban center and improving multimodal connections between the existing rail station and bus services. Proposed river rehabilitation

works will improve flood protection and scenic and amenity resources in the new development area. Ji’an’s urban development is constrained by its over-crowded urban center, mountainous topography and bisection by the Gan River with no room to improve the road network. The urban area needs to expand with new urban road networks, improved and safer public transport services, improved non-motorized transport and integration and more efficient multimodal interchange to alleviate existing issues in the urban center and to accommodate future growth in travel demand in a sustainable way.

4. To accommodate urban growth beyond the existing urban center, Ji’an’s Urban Master Plan calls for the development of the new Western City Development Area located to the west of the existing urban center. The Western City Development Area is bound by the existing urban center to the east and by the high-speed railway line to the west. It has a planned area of 52 km 2 and a projected population of 276,000 by 2020 and an ultimate population of 300,000. Figure I.2 shows the new Western City Development Area and its linkage to the high-speed railway line to the west and the old urban center to the east.

Figure I.2: Axial Development Plan of the New Western City Development Area

5. This project is aligned with Ji’an’s Urban Master Plan as well as the key thrusts of ADB's assistance to the PRC under the PRC Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) in the areas of: (i) inclusive growth and balanced development—by promoting urbanization in less developed regions, and (ii) resource efficiency and environmental sustainability—by promoting efficient and sustainable urban transport and transit-oriented development. The focus on public transport and multi-modal integration fits well with ADB's Sustainable Transport Initiative (STI).

6. This environmental impact assessment is updated due to the replacement of the original planned bus rapid transit (BRT) component with a new curbside bus and non-motorized transport (NMT) improvement component. The new component won’t have significant environmental impacts and will not trigger environment category A. An initial environment examination (IEE) has been prepared for this component (Appendix 4).

B. Project Design

7. The expected impact of the project will be an efficient, inclusive and sustainable urban transport system in Jiangxi Ji’an. The outcome of the project will be efficient multi-model access to major activity centers in Ji’an City including the new Western Development Area.

8. The original Project outputs are (i) a 6.94 km BRT corridor along Jinggangshan Road with 15 stations, plus improvement of the station square at the existing Ji’an Railway Station; (ii) rehabilitation of 8.02 km of Yudai River (5.3 km) and tributary (2.72 km); (iii) construction of five urban roads totaling 19.33 km in the Western City Development Area and traffic management improvement through the provision of coordinated signal system, central control system and traffic information collection system; and (iv) capacity development and institutional strengthening. Output (i) was removed from the project scope.

9. The executing agency (EA) and implementing agency (IA) proposed a curbside bus and non-motorized NMT improvement component (new component) to replace output (i), comprising: (i) curbside bus improvement, including dedicated bus lanes at curbside along Jingganshan Avenue (formerly proposed BRT corridor) for 19.5 km; (ii) high-quality bus service improvement along selected routes with branding tentatively called, “Ji’an Reliable Transit (JRT)” for 70 km network comprising Routes 1, 9, 12, 13, 61, and 62; and a new service connecting the highspeed rail station; (iii) demonstration e-bike parking facility at the city center (Renmin Square along Jingganshan Avenue); (iv) covered e-bike lanes at intersections; (v) street safety improvements along the JRT routes; (vi) NMT network improvement; and (vii) Junshan Avenue safety improvement.

10. The Project includes Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded activities consisting of the provision of diesel hybrid-electric buses, evaluation and monitoring of hybrid bus performance and integrated transport/land use system planning and capacity building.

C. Project Benefits

11. The project will benefit a population of 550,000 residing in Jizhou and Qingyuan Districts. Urban road construction and Yudai River rehabilitation in the Western City Development Area will benefit a future population of 300,000 in the area.

12. The project will improve public transport services, non-motorized transport (NMT), pedestrian facilities and traffic management measures along the Jinggangshan Avenue to provide safe and convenient accessibility to public transport. Benefits will include improved safety and on-time performance of urban transportation. The five proposed urban roads in the Western City Development Area provide important road links to the high-speed railway station and the central urban area in Ji’an. These roads will facilitate socio-economic development in the Western City Development Area and in Ji’an City. The GEF funded activities will support the introduction of diesel hybrid-electric buses, adoption of low-carbon transport systems and improve capacity for integrated transport and land use planning. The Project combined with the

GEF funded activities are estimated to avoid total GHG emissions (direct and indirect) of around 2.3-2.6 million tonnes over the project lifetime of 20 years.1

13. The Yudai River rehabilitation will involve works to alleviate flood risk, and landscaping to create a new riverside park and recreational resource for the city. The landscape design incorporates bank profiles, soft engineered protection techniques and species that are in keeping with natural wetland habitats.

14. Furthermore, the improved river is expected to create a more attractive environment for the city, improving quality of life while maintaining natural ecological systems and functions. The design concept is developed around the theme of a people-centered, low-carbon-sustainable development. This component would benefit the promotion of the image of the city as well as the land value. As this proposed area is strategically located in front of the planned high-speed railway station, a synergy of benefits of the new urban roads, Yudai River rehabilitation, and the social and economic development of the city is also expected.

D. Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures

15. This Project was classified as category A for environment. Construction and operation of the project roads will have potentially significant impacts on the environment. The new component will be constructed on existing roads where there are existing noise and air quality sensitive receptors. There are also villages near the proposed urban road alignments that would also be affected. Dust and noise during the construction stage will need to be mitigated to reduce potential impacts to these sensitive receptors. No nighttime construction for the urban roads in the Western City Development Area will be allowed. Nighttime construction on the new component between 22:00 and 06:00 hours would be avoided. Recognizing that nighttime construction may be needed from time to time in the new component to avoid day time traffic congestion, night time construction will be kept to a minimum and nearby communities will be notified and consulted in advance.

16. The urban roads will involve the construction of four bridges across rivers and dredging of the Yudai River would affect water quality. The detailed design will consider appropriate drainage and discharge options to minimize pollution impacts from surface run-off. It will also incorporate appropriate waste management facilities for the riverside park. Mitigation measures for all works with impacts on water courses have been identified and described in this report and in the environmental management plan (EMP, see Appendix 1). Dredging in the Yudai River will be done in the dry season, with bunds placed around the dredging site and water pumped out. Sediment removal will be by mechanical excavator similar to earth moving works on land. Impact to water quality should be considerably reduced. Regular maintenance of drainage and removal of waste and debris will be important during operation.

17. Approximately 210 hectares (ha) of land will be permanently lost during construction of the urban roads and the Yudai River rehabilitation and riverside park development. The land is dominated by farmland and woodland which does not support any species of significant

1 The carbon emission calculation in the domestic EIR was based on the current national fuel standards and tonnes of fuel per annum and does not take into account use of diesel hybrid electric buses. The GEF calculation is based on the GEF Manual for Calculating Greenhouse Gas benefits for GEF Transportation Projects and Transport Emissions Evaluation Models for Projects (TEEMP). It assumes use of hybrid diesel vehicles and a Project lifetime of 20 years for major infrastructure and 10 years for other interventions.

conservation value. Only one species, the Camphor Tree ( Cinnamomum camphora ) is under national Class II protection and was observed along or near three of the five proposed urban road alignments. The EMP requires that the detailed design of the urban road alignments should avoid the three locations with camphor trees near or on the proposed alignments as the primary mitigation measure, and if not possible, design transplant schemes for the ones affected.

18. Old camphor trees more than 100 years in age could be deemed as physical cultural resources under SPS (2009) definition. These were found to occur at three locations with one location on the proposed alignment of the urban road Junhua Avenue. The other two locations are near Junhua Avenue and Zhongshan West Road. The EMP requires that detailed design of all urban road alignments must avoid these old camphor trees, and that these trees shall be tagged, marked, and fenced off before commencement of construction to prevent damage.

19. One bird species, the Yellow-Breasted Bunting (Emberiza aureola ), has been recorded as occurring in the project area of influence. It is listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list as Endangered (recently upgraded from Vulnerable) due to very rapid population decline from trapping on wintering grounds. This species is described in the Catalog of Life China 2013 as having wide distribution in over 20 provinces in the PRC. Two amphibian species, four reptile species, one mammal species and 16 bird species on the provincial protection list have been identified in the project area of influence but are described as having wide distribution. There are no protected areas and/or other physical cultural resources within the project area of influence. Should buried artifacts be discovered during construction, they will be dealt with in accordance with PRC’s Cultural Relics Protection Law .

20. There is no critical habitat within the project area of influence. There is also no primary woodland in the project area of influence due to human disturbance and urban development. The woodlands in the project area of influence could be deemed as secondary woodland dominated by common species. The project area of influence was found to be dominated by modified habitats such as farmland and village constructed land. The creation of the riverside park presents an opportunity to create new wetland and woodland habitats. A specialist wetland ecologist was appointed by ADB to work with the Design Institute to develop the preliminary and detailed design of the park to support the retention and rehabilitation of existing habitats and creation of new habitats of value for local flora and fauna. The draft technical report is included in Appendix 2. The final technical report will be produced after completion of detailed design in early 2015.

21. Land acquisition will affect 1,742 households and 6,789 people on collective land, and 14 government agencies and enterprises including 188 employees on government owned land. Rural house demolition will total 70,682 m2, affecting 184 households and 806 people. Urban house demolition will total 9178 m2, affecting 90 households and 360 people. Enterprise house demolition will total 14,795 m2. Compensation will be in accordance with the Resettlement Plan and ADB SPS (2009) requirement.

22. Operation of the new component and urban roads would cause air quality impacts from vehicle emissions and noise impacts from road traffic. One-hour average NO 2 levels from vehicle emissions were found to exceed the Class II air quality standard in 2030 within 15-30 m from the roadside along some road sections. The EMP provides recommendations on buffer distances for future development along the road corridors. Peak hour traffic noise along the project roads was found to exceed applicable noise standards at most of the existing sensitive receptors, especially at night. Of the 32 existing noise sensitive receptors along the five proposed urban roads in the Western Development Area, 28 would experience noise level

increases of >3dB(A) in year 2020 compared to the existing noise levels. In accordance with the World Bank Group Environmental Health and Safety guidelines, installation of ventilated double- glazed windows at the first row of buildings facing the proposed roads will be required, unless they are resettled in or before 2020 as allocated in the Conceptual Plan and Controlled Plan of Ji’an Western City Development Area . Recommendations on buffer distances and mitigation measures for traffic noise for various types of sensitive uses (such as residential, school, hospital) along these roads for future developments are also provided. Noise levels would comply with the applicable standards with the implementation of these mitigation measures.

23. Carbon emissions from all the project roads were predicted to total 94,759 t/a in 2030. This is below the ADB threshold of 100,000 t/a. The EMP includes requirements for the Design Institutes to specify energy efficient lighting and cooling/heating systems and materials that are recycled, have recycled content or are from sustainable sources, particularly for street furniture and fixtures/fittings.

24. A climate risk and vulnerability analyses study was carried out to assess the vulnerability of the project to future climate change impacts. The project area is at risk from increased intensity and frequency of heavy rainfall events and flood. The study recommended that the detailed design considers adoption of higher factors of safety as the basis of design to ensure that the project is resilient to projected future climate change impacts. A detailed report is included in Appendix 3.

E. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation

25. Both the planning EIR and the project EIR carried out public consultation during their preparation. These events consisted of information disclosure on relevant government and enterprise websites, public posting of project information in affected communities, questionnaire survey of stakeholders in affected communities and a discussion forum with various stakeholders from government, enterprises and affected villages, towns and townships, which was also participated by the PPTA consultant.

26. The majority of participants in these consultation events agreed to the project and viewed the environmental issues to be minor. Most of the participants had no or little knowledge on the resettlement and compensation policy. This issue was also raised, discussed and responded to in the discussion forum. Such plans and policies have been explained to the local residents through further consultation under the Resettlement Plan.

F. Grievance Redress Mechanism

27. This report and the EMP describe a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) to document and resolve complaints from affected people. The proposed GRM was explained to the attendees of the discussion forum. The GRM will be coordinated by the Ji’an Project Management Office (JPMO), who will set up a complaint center with hotline for receiving environmental and resettlement grievances, and will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including more vulnerable groups such as women and youth. Multiple points of entry and modes of access, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, telephone conversations, or e-mail, will be available.

G. Key EMP implementation Responsibilities

28. The Ji’an Municipal Government (JMG) is the Executing Agency (EA) and has established the Ji’an Project Management Office (JPMO), who on behalf of the EA will be responsible for the day-to-day management of the project. The JPMO will have overall responsibility for supervision of the implementation of environment mitigation measures, coordinate the project level GRM and report to ADB. The JPMO will appoint environment specialists on its staff to supervise the effective implementation of the EMP and to coordinate the project level GRM. The JPMO will engage the technical engineering design institutes, hire the loan implementation consultants (LIC) and the external environmental supervision engineer (ESE), and will manage the procurement process. For implementing environmental quality monitoring, JPMO will contract the Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station (JEMS). To ensure that the contractors comply with the EMP provisions, JPMO with the help and technical support of a Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) and the tender agent, will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental management requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals; (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions; and (iii) major items in the EIA and EMP. The JPMO will prepare semi-annual environment progress reports and submit them to ADB.

29. The Ji’an Urban Investment and Development Company, Ltd. (JIDC) (JMUCIDC) will be the Implementing Agency (IA) for the Project. JMUCIDC will assume the debt servicing responsibility as the end-user of the ADB loan. It will implement project components, administer and monitor contractors and suppliers, and be responsible for construction supervision and quality control.

30. During the operational phase, the JMUCIDC will supervise the environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures by the operators and maintenance units (O&M Units) for the project components. The cost of environmental monitoring and mitigation measures in this phase will be borne by the relevant O&M Units

H. Risks and Key Assurances

31. The main project risks include the low institutional capacity of the JPMO, JMUCIDC and O&M units and their failure to implement the EMP effectively during construction and operational stages. These risks will be mitigated by (i) providing training in environmental management and monitoring; (ii) appointing qualified project implementation consultants and qualified environmental staff, (iii) following appropriate project implementation monitoring and mitigation arrangements, and (iv) ADB conducting project reviews.

32. Key assurances cover ADB requirements in environmental safeguards during project implementation.

I. Overall Conclusion

33. This EIA shows that potentially significant impacts can be reduced to acceptable levels with appropriate mitigation. The EMP has specified what mitigation measures are to be implemented and by whom, and how the impacts are to be monitored during construction and operation. The project will have positive benefits for Ji’an, improving the urban road network, public transport services, multi-modal connectivity, road safety, flood protection, scenic, amenity and ecological value of the Yudai River corridor, promote socio-economic development and improve the quality of life in Ji’an. It will also contribute to significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Policy Framework

34. The project is located in Ji’an City, Jiangxi Province. Jiangxi is one of six provinces benefiting from the central government’s “The Rise of Central China Plan,” announced in 2006 by the State Council. The Plan aims at reducing inter-regional economic disparities by upgrading the central region’s industrial structure and boosting industrialization and urbanization through better use of its geographic and industrial advantages. Ji’an is benefiting from this national policy and with Jinggang Mountain being the cradle of the red revolution, is also benefiting from a recent State Council initiative to assist and promote the socio-economic development of old revolutionary bases in the PRC. With the support of these national policy initiatives, urban population in Ji’an was projected to reach 730,000 in year 2020 according to the Ji’an Urban Master Plan (2007-2020) , compared to a population of 555,300 in 2012. The urban area will be increased from the present 63.72 km 2 to 75 km 2 by 2020. This project is supported by the Ji’an Urban Master Plan (2007-2020) ’s actions on expansion of the urban area and improvements to the road network and public transport.

35. In 2012, a Conceptual Plan and Controlled Plan of Ji’an Western City Development Area was prepared to take advantage of the upcoming inter-city high speed railway development passing through the development area ( Figure II.1 ). The urban roads and Yudai River components of this project are located within the Western City Development Area and are in accordance with the conceptual plan and controlled plan for the Western City Development Area. The new component is located in the existing urban center to the southeast of the Western City Development Area.

Figure II.1: Conceptual Plan Showing the Western City Development Area

36. This project is aligned with the key thrusts of ADB's assistance to the PRC under the PRC Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) 2 in the areas of: (i) inclusive growth—by promoting urbanization in less developed regions, and (ii) environmentally sustainable growth —by promoting efficient and sustainable urban transport and transit-oriented development. 3 The focus on public transport and multi-modal integration fits well with ADB's Sustainable Transport Initiative (STI). 4

37. Climate change . The PRC’s National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) in 2012 issued the China’s Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change . The document describes PRC’s policies and proposed actions for climate change mitigation and adaptation, but does not specifically address climate change adaptation in the transport sector besides the selection of cities to pilot low carbon transport systems as a means to mitigate climate change. Nanchang in Jiangxi Province was selected as one of the pilot cities.

2 ADB. 2012. PRC Country Partnership Strategy 2011-2015. Manila. http://www.adb.org/countries/prc/strategy 3 Transit-oriented development refers to mixed-use residential and commercial areas designed to maximize access to public transport and facilitate pedestrian movement. A transit-oriented development is typically centered on a transit station (train station/metro station/bus terminal), surrounded by relatively high-density development with progressively lower-density development further from the high capacity public transport facility. 4 The STI, approved by ADB management on 20 July 2010, has set a new direction for ADB's transport sector efforts to promote more environmentally and socially sustainable transport solutions in donor member countries in line with ADB's Strategy 2020 .

38. ADB’s climate change strategy aims to assist developing member countries and project teams to address the increasing challenges posed by climate change and to enhance the climate resilience of vulnerable sectors including the transport sector. The transport sector in Ji’an would be vulnerable to changes in temperature and extreme weather events. Changes in temperature, both a gradual increase in temperature and an increase in extreme temperatures, may impact road pavements and bridges resulting in heat induced heaving and buckling of expansion joints. Extreme weather events such as stronger and/or more frequent storm events may affect the capacity of the drainage and overflow systems and road bridge structures to deal with stronger or faster velocity flow and winds. For the transport sector, ADB has published a guideline for climate proofing road infrastructure projects.5

B. Legal and Administrative Framework

39. The administrative framework for environmental impact assessment in the PRC consists of national, provincial and local (city) environmental protection authorities. The national authority is the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), who promulgates laws, regulations and technical guidelines on environmental impact assessment and pollution prevention and control. At the provincial level, Environmental Protection Departments (EPDs) are mandated with control and regulation of environmental impact assessment and pollution prevention and control in the province. They are also often delegated the authority by MEP to approve environmental impact assessment reports for construction projects in the provinces, except those with national interest and those that cross provincial boundaries that would need MEP approval. The local or city-level Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) enforce environmental laws and conduct environmental monitoring within city limits. Local EPBs could be delegated the authority to approve environmental impact assessments by the provincial DEPs. The Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau (JEPB) has approval authority for the domestic environmental impact reports for this project.

40. The PRC Environmental Impact Assessment Public Participation Interim Guideline in 2006 requires that the public are involved in the EIA process. This was further clarified under Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Public Participation (public comment version, January 2011). Since August 2012, all domestic environmental impact reports for construction reports submitted for approval must include an abstract which is disclosed on the website of the approval authority (MEP Order No. [2012] 51).

C. Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards

41. PRC requirements. Table II.1 lists PRC environmental laws, regulations, guidelines and standards relevant to this project. These comprehensive requirements cover pollution prevention and control on air, noise, water, ecology and solid waste and are supported by technical guidelines and standards for assessing atmospheric, noise, water and ecological impacts.

5 Asian Development Bank. 2011. Guidelines for climate proofing investment in the transport sector: road infrastructure project . xiv + 53 pp.

Table II.1: Relevant PRC Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards Laws and regulations 1 Environmental Protection Law , December 26, 1989 2 Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law , September 1, 2000 3 Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law , March 1, 1997 4 Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law , June 1, 2008 5 Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law , April 1, 2005 6 Water Law , October 1, 2002 7 Water and Soil Conservation Law , June 29, 1991, amended December 25, 2010 8 Promotion of Clean Production Law , January 1 2003 9 Environmental Impact Assessment Law , September 1, 2003 10 Energy Conservation Law , January 1, 1998 11 Wild Animal Protection Law , August, 2004 12 Water and Soil Conservation Law, March 1, 2011 13 Cultural Relics Protection Law , October 2002 14 Cultural Relics Protection Implementation Regulation, July 1, 2003 15 Construction Project Environmental Protection and Management Regulation , (State Department Order No. 253), November 29, 1998 16 Plan Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation , (State Department Order 559), October 1, 2009 Guidelines 1 Technical Guidelines for Plan Environmental Impact Assessment (on trial) (HJ/T 130-2003) 2 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Development Area (HJ/T 131-2003) 3 Directory for the Management of Different Categories of Construction Project Environmental Im pact Assessment , (MEP Order No. 2), October 1, 2008 4 Circular on Streng thening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations , (MEP Announcement No. [1993]324) 5 Guidelines for Technical Review of Environmental Impact Assessment on Construction Projects (HJ 616- 2011) 6 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: General Program (HJ 2.1-2011) 7 Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Atmospheric Environment (HJ 2.2-2008) 8 Technical Guidelines for Noise Impact Assessment (HJ 2.4-2009) 9 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Surface Water Environment (HJ/T 2.3-93) 10 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Ground Water Environment (HJ 610-2011) 11 Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Ecological Impact (HJ 19-2011) 12 Environmental Impact Assessment Public Participation Interim Guideline , (MEP Announcement No. [2006]28) 13 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Public Participation (public comment version) , (January 2011) 14 Technical Guideline for Construction Project Environmental Risk Assessment (HJ/T 169-2004) 15 Technical Guideline on Environmental Monitoring Quality Management (HJ 630-2011) 16 Specifications for Road Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment (JTG B03-2006) 17 Ground Level Traffic Noise Pollution Prevention Technical Policy (MEP Announcement No. [2010]7) 18 Environmental Supervision for Transport Projects (MOT and MEP Announcement No. [2004]314) 19 Environmental Supervision Method (MEP Order No. [2012] 21) 20 Requirements for Preparation of Abstract for Construction Project Environmental Impact Report (MEP Order No. [2012]51) Standards 1 Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996) and Amendment (MEP Announcement No. [2000]1) 2 Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012) [to replace GB 3095-1996 on January 1, 2016] 3 Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996) 4 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008) 5 Emission Standard for Community Noise (GB 22337-2008) 6 Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB 12523-2011)

7 Technical Specifications to Determine the Suitable Areas for Envir onmental Noise of Urban Area, (GB/T 15190-94) 8 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) 9 Quality Standard for Ground Water (GB/T 14848-93) 10 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996) 11 Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995) 12 Residential Building Soundproof Design Specification (GB 50118-2010)

42. There are two types of environmental impact assessment under PRC’s Environmental Impact Assessment Law of 2003, for planning of new development areas (in this case, the Western City Development Area) and for project-specific activities (in this case, the urban roads and Yudai River rehabilitation respectively.

43. Two domestic environmental impact assessment reports have been prepared for this project:

（i） A planning environmental impact assessment report: Planning Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the Ji’an Urban Center Western City Development Area , was prepared by the Jiangxi Environmental Protection and Scientific Research Institute (JEPSRI). This report was approved by the JEPB on 22 August 2013 (JEPB document no. [2013] 149).

（ii ） For assessing project-specific environmental impacts, a construction project environmental impact report (EIR) 6: Environmental Impact Report for Ji’an Urban Transport Project using ADB Fund , was prepared by the JEPSRI. The EIR appraisal occurred in January 2014 and approval by the JEPB is expected in late March 2014.

44. In addition to the above EIRs, a SWCR and FSRs for the urban roads and Yudai River improvement were also prepared for this project. This project EIA is based on information and findings provided in the planning and construction project EIRs, the SWCR and the FSRs.

45. ADB environmental safeguard requirements . This Project is classified as Category A for environment on the basis of ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA), requiring the preparation of an EIA report. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 requires a number of considerations that are over and above the domestic EIR requirements. These include, among others: (i) project risks and respective mitigation measures and project assurances; (ii) project level grievance redress mechanism (GRM); (iii) definition of the project area of influence; (iv) physical cultural resources damage prevention analysis; (v) climate change mitigation and adaptation; (vi) occupational and community health and safety requirements; (vii) economic displacement that is not part of land acquisition; (viii) biodiversity conservation and natural resources management requirements; (ix) provision of justification if local standards are used; (x) meaningful consultation and participation; and (xi) implementation schedule and (measurable) performance indicators in the EMP.

6 The Directory for the Management of Different Categories of Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment classifies environmental impact assessments for construction projects into 3 categories with different reporting requirements, based on the ‘significance’ of potential environmental impact due to the project and the environmental sensitivity of the project site as described in this Directory. An Environmental Impact Report (EIR) is required for construction projects with potential significant environmental impacts. An Environmental Impact Table (EIT) is required for construction projects with less significant environmental impacts. An Environmental Impact Registration Form (EIRF) is required for construction projects with the least significant environmental impacts.

46. Relevant international agreements. The PRC is a signatory to a number of international agreements relevant to environment protection. Those relevant to the project, along with the date of signing by the PRC, are listed in Table II.2.

Table II.2: International Agreements with the PRC as a Signatory No. Name of Agreement PRC Signing Date Agreement Objective 1 Ramsar Convention on 21 December 1975 To stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of Wetlands of International wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the Importance Especially as wetlands’ ecological functions and their economic, Waterfowl Habitat cultural, scientific, and recreational values 2 Montreal Protocol on 1 January 1989 To protect the ozone layer by controlling emissions of Substances That Deplete the substances that deplete it Ozone Layer 3 Convention on Biological 29 December 1993 To develop national strategies for the conservation and Diversity sustainable use of biological diversity 4 United Nations Framework 21 March 1994 To achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas Convention on Climate Change concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system 5 United Nations Convention to 26 December 1996 To combat desertification and mitigate the effects of Combat Desertification in Those drought through national action programs that Countries Experiencing Serious incorporate long-term strategies supported by Drought and/or Desertification international cooperation and partnership arrangements 6 Kyoto Protocol to the United 23 February 2005 To further reduce greenhouse gas emissions by Nations Framework Convention enhancing the national programs of developed on Climate Change countries aimed at this goal and by establishing percentage reduction targets for the developed countries

D. Evaluation Standards

47. In PRC, ambient conditions of air, noise and water quality in the project area determine the appropriate category of emissions and effluent standards for the construction and operational phases of built infrastructure. However, the World Bank Group (WBG) Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines 7 (see below) are based on best practice construction and operational procedures. Both the PRC standards and EHS guidelines are used in the assessments and the PRC standards are used for compliance checking of potential impacts from this project.

48. Air quality. The PRC ranks air quality into three classes according to its Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996 and amendment in 2000), with Class I having the best air quality and Class III the worst air quality. The ambient air quality in the assessment area of this project has been assigned to meet GB 3095-1996 Class II standards. A new standard has been issued in 2012 (GB 3095-2012), which will become effective on January 1, 2016, replacing GB 3095-1996. GB 3095-2012 combines Classes II and III. It also introduces PM 2.5 standards and has more stringent NO 2 standards. The WBG adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for its EHS standards for air quality.

7 World Bank Group. 2007. Environmental, health and safety guidelines - General EHS guidelines. Washington D.C.

49. On 10 September 2013, the State Council announced the Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan for the PRC (State Council [2013] No. 37). The action plan sets 2017 targets on reducing PM 10 emissions in prefecture level cities by more than 10%; PM 2.5 emissions by approximately 25%, 20% and 15% in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta 3 respectively; and controlling annual average PM 2.5 levels in Beijing at around 60 μg/m . Among the 35 actions identified and described in the plan, the following are deemed to be applicable to this project:

 Strengthen control of aerial sources of pollution including controlling dust pollution during construction;  Strengthen control of point source pollution including traffic management and prioritizing public and non-motorized modes of transportation;  Strictly implement total emission pollution control, with compliance with such controls on SO 2, NO x, dust and volatile organics as a pre-requisite in approving construction project EIRs;  Optimize spatial pattern in urban and new district planning to facilitate better air pollutant dispersion;  Strengthen laws, regulations and standards on controlling air pollution;  Strengthen capacities in environmental management and supervision system;  Increase environmental regulatory enforcement;  Implement environmental information disclosure;  Strictly enforce accountability;  Establish monitoring warning system;  Develop contingency plan; and  Adopt timely contingency measures for public health protection during serious air pollution events.

50. The WHO sets up air quality guideline (AQG) standards for various air quality parameters for the protection of public health. Yet recognizing that progressive actions are needed to achieve these standards and the financial and technological limitations of some countries, cities or localities especially in developing countries, the WHO also established interim targets as intermediate milestones towards achieving the AQG.

51. Table II.3 compares the PRC’s GB 3095-1996 Class II standards with the GB 3095-2012 standards and the World Bank Group’s EHS standards which have adopted the WHO AQG.

Table II.3: Comparison of PRC and WBG Ambient Air Quality Standards

3 8 3 Air Quality PRC Class II (μg/m ) WHO/World Bank Group EHS (μg/m ) Averaging Period Parameter GB 3095-1996 GB 3095-2012 Interim Targets AQG 1-year 60 60 n/a n/a

SO 2 24-hour 150 150 50-125 20 1-hour 500 500 n/a n/a 1-year 200 200 n/a n/a TSP 24-hour 300 300 n/a n/a 1-year 100 100 30-70 20 PM 10 24-hour 150 150 75-150 50

8 World Bank Group 2007, ibid.

3 8 3 Air Quality PRC Class II (μg/m ) WHO/World Bank Group EHS (μg/m ) Averaging Period Parameter GB 3095-1996 GB 3095-2012 Interim Targets AQG 1-year n/a n/a 15-35 10

PM 2.5 24-hr n/a 150 37.5-75 25 1-hour n/a 350 n/a n/a 1-year 80 40 n/a 40

NO 2 24-hour 120 80 n/a n/a 1-hour 240 200 n/a 200 24-hour 4,000 4,000 n/a n/a CO 1-hour 10,000 10,000 n/a n/a Note: n/a = not available

52. The longer averaging period such as 1-year as shown in Table II.3 is more applicable to assessing impacts from multiple as well as regional sources; while shorter averaging periods such as 24-hour and 1-hour are more applicable to assessing short term impacts from project related activities, such as from peak hour traffic or daily or peak construction activities.

53. Comparing the PRC Class II standards with the WHO/WBG’s EHS standards, Table II.3 3 shows that for 24-hour SO 2, both GB 3095-1996 and 3095-2012 standards (150 μg/m ) are less 3 stringent than the upper limit of the EHS interim target (125 μg/m ); for 24-hour PM 10. Both GB 3095-1996 and 3095-2012 standards (150 μg/m 3) are the same as the upper limit of the EHS 3 interim target (125 μg/m ). For 24-hr PM 2.5 . the GB 3095-2012 standard is twice the upper limit 3 3 of the EHS interim target (75 μg/m ). For 24-hour NO 2, the GB 3095-1996 standard (240 μg/m ) is less stringent than, while the GB 3095-2012 standard (200 μg/m 3) is the same as, the AQG (200 μg/m 3).

54. Fugitive emission of particulate matter (such as dust from construction sites) is regulated under PRC’s Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996), which sets 120 mg/m 3 as the maximum allowable emission concentration and ≤ 1.0 mg/m 3 as the concentration limit at the boundary of construction sites, with no specification on the particulate matter particle diameter.

55. Noise. According to the Technical Specifications to Determine the Suitable Areas for Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB/T 15190-94), the area within 200 m on both sides of road or road junction should comply with the corresponding provisions in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008). GB 3096-2008 categorizes five functional areas based on their tolerance to noise pollution: from Category 0 to Category 4. Category 0 is for areas with convalescent facilities that are the least tolerant to noisy environment and therefore has the most stringent day and nighttime noise standards. Category 1 is for areas predominated by residential areas, hospitals and clinics, educational institutions and research centers. Category 2 is for areas with mixed residential and commercial functions. Category 3 is for areas with industrial production and storage and logistics functions. Category 4 is for regions adjacent to traffic noise sources such as major roads and highways, and is subdivided into 4a and 4b with the former applicable to road and marine traffic noise and the latter applicable to rail noise. Standards for various functional area categories are compared with the WBG’s EHS guidelines in Table II.4, showing that the EHS guidelines have lower noise limits for residential, commercial and industrial mixed areas but higher noise limits for industrial areas. The EHS guidelines do not have separate noise limits for trunk roads but apply the same noise limits based on whether the areas are for residential or industrial uses. In addition, the EHS guidelines set a limit of 3 dB (A) for noise level increase due to project activities and implementation.

Table II.4: Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (equivalent sound level L Aeq : dB) Noise WBG EHS 9 GB 3096-2008 Standards Functional Standards Applicable Area Area Day Night Day Night Category 06:00-22:00 22:00-06:00 07:00-22:00 22:00-07:00 Areas needing extreme quiet, such as 0 50 40 convalescence areas Areas mainly for residence, hospitals, cultural 1 and educational institutions, administration 55 45 55 45 offices Residential, commercial and industrial mixed 2 60 50 areas 3 Industrial areas, warehouses and logistic parks 65 55 70 70 4a Area on both sides of urban trunk road 70 55 55 45

56. PRC’s Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB 12523-2011) regulates construction noise, limiting construction noise levels at the construction site boundary to 70 dB(A) in the daytime (06:00 to 22:00) and 55 dB(A) at night (22:00 – 06:00). The WBG does not have standards for construction noise per se , but applies the same noise standards listed in Table II.4 above to the receptors during construction activities.

57. Surface water quality. For water quality assessment, the determining standard is PRC’s Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). It defines five water quality categories for different environmental functions. Category I is the best, suitable for head waters and national nature reserves. Category II is suitable for drinking water sources in Class I protection areas, habitats for rare aquatic organisms, breeding grounds for fish and crustaceans, and feeding grounds for fish fry. Category III is suitable for drinking water sources in Class II protection areas, wintering grounds for fish and crustaceans, migration routes, water bodies for aquaculture and capture fishery, and swimming activities. Category IV is suitable for general industrial use and non-contact recreational activities. Category V is the worst which is only suitable for agricultural and scenic water uses. These standards are set out in Table II.5. The WBG has guidelines on effluent quality standards but not ambient water quality, and recognizes the use of local ambient water quality criteria for EHS purpose.

Table II.5: Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB 3838-2002 Category Parameter I II III IV V pH 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 90% Dissolved oxygen (DO) [mg/L] saturation or ≥6 ≥5 ≥3 ≥2 ≥7.5

Permanganate index (I Mn ) [mg/L] ≤2 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10 ≤15 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) [mg/L] ≤15 ≤15 ≤20 ≤30 ≤40

5-day Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5) [mg/L] ≤3 ≤3 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10

Ammonia nitrogen (NH 3-N) [mg/L] ≤0.15 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤2.0 Total phosphorus (as P) [mg/L] ≤0.02 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.4 Lakes & reservoirs ≤0.01 ≤0.025 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 Total nitrogen (lakes, reservoirs, as N) [mg/L] ≤0.2 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤2.0

9 World Bank Group 2007, lbid.

Category Parameter I II III IV V Copper (Cu) [mg/L] ≤0.01 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 Zinc (Zn) [mg/L] ≤0.05 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤2.0 Fluoride (as F -) [mg/L] ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤1.5 Selenium (Se) [mg/L] ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Arsenic (As) [mg/L] ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.1 Mercury (Hg) [mg/L] ≤0.0005 ≤0.0005 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 Cadmium (Cd) [mg/L] ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 Chromium (Cr, hexavalent) [mg/L] ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 Lead (Pb) [mg/L] ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 Cyanide (CN) [mg/L] ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 Volatile phenol [mg/L] ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) [mg/L] ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 Anionic surfactant [mg/L] ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.3 Sulfide [mg/L] ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 Fecal coliform bacteria [number/L] ≤200 ≤2000 ≤10000 ≤20000 ≤40000

58. Discharge of wastewater from construction sites and supernatant water from dredged sediment disposal sites is regulated under PRC’s Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996). Class I standards apply to discharges into Category III water bodies under GB 3838-2002. Class II standards apply to discharges into Categories IV and V water bodies. Class III standards apply to discharges into municipal sewers going to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with secondary treatment. Table II.6 shows these standards.

Table II.6: Wastewater Discharge Standards for Construction Sites and Dredged Sediment Disposal Sites According to GB 8978-1996 Class I Class II Class III (for discharging into Parameter (for discharging into (for discharging into Categories IV and V Category III water body) municipal sewer) water body) pH no unit 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 SS mg/L 70 150 400

BOD 5 mg/L 20 30 300 COD mg/L 100 150 500 TPH mg/L 5 10 20 Volatile phenol mg/L 0.5 0.5 2.0

NH 3-N mg/L 15 25 --- 2- PO 4 (as P) mg/L 0.5 1.0 --- LAS (= anionic surfactant) mg/L 5.0 10 20

59. Soil and river sediment quality. Soil quality in the PRC is divided into three classes according to the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995). Class I represents the best and Class III the worst. The PRC does not have quality standards for sediments in waterways such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the sea. GB 15618-1995 is sometimes used for assessing whether the sediment is suitable for land disposal. It is also acceptable for EIRs to adopt the Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludges from Agricultural Use (GB 4284-84) for assessing sediment quality. The rationale being that the physical nature of river sediment is similar to sludge. Table II.7 presents both GB 15618-1995 (soil) and GB 4284-84 (sludge for agricultural use) standards. The WBG does not have EHS standards for soil and sediment quality.

Table II.7: Comparison of Environmental Quality Standards for Soil and Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use Maximum Allowable Concentration (mg/kg dry weight) GB 15618-1995 (Soil) GB 4284-84 (Sludge for Parameter Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Agricultural Use) Soil pH Background <6.5 6.5~7.5 >7.5 >6.5 <6.5 ≥6.5 Cadmium (Cd) 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.60 1.0 5 20 Mercury (Hg) 0.15 0.30 0.50 1.0 1.5 5 15 Arsenic (As) Paddy 15 30 25 20 30 75 75 Dry land 15 40 30 25 40 Copper (Cu) Farmland 35 50 100 100 400 250 500 Orchard --- 150 200 200 400 Lead (Pb) 35 250 300 350 500 300 1000 Chromium (Cr) Paddy 90 250 300 350 400 600 1000 Dry land 90 150 200 250 300 Zinc (Zn) 100 200 250 300 500 500 1000 Nickel (Ni) 40 40 50 60 200 100 200 Boron (B, soluble) ------150 150 DDT 0.05 0.50 1.0 ------666 (Lindane) 0.05 0.50 1.0 ------Mineral oil ------3000 3000 Benzo(a)pyrene ------3 3

E. Assessment Area (Project Area of Influence), Assessment Period and Evaluation Standards for the Project

60. The following assessment areas and PRC evaluation standards were adopted for this project in the domestic planning EIR and project EIR in accordance with the requirements set forth by the Ji’an EPB (JEPB) (Table II.8). The assessment area for the planning EIR covers a planning area of 11.7 km 2 (and beyond depending on the environmental media) within the Western City Development Area while the project EIR covers the project area of influence. In this report, the use of “assessment area” refers to the 11.7 km 2 planning area (and beyond depending on the environmental media) included in the planning EIR, while the use of “project area of influence” refers to the area identified in the project EIR that would potentially be affected by this project but also taking into account the SPS (2009) definition of project area of influence, as shown in Table II.8. This project has no associated facility as defined in SPS (2009).

Table II.8: Assessment Areas and PRC Evaluation Standards Adopted for this Project

Planning EIR Project EIR Type of Environmental Media Applicable PRC Standard Standard Assessment Area Project Area of Influence

Ambient air quality Class II standards in Ambient Air Up to 2 km beyond the E, W, N and - Within 200 m on both Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996 and S boundaries of the 11.7 km 2 sides of the road center its revision for before 1 January planning area line 2016; and GB 3095-2012 for after 1 - Within 300 m from both

Standard January 2016) sides of the Yudai River Noise Environmental Quality Standard for Within 200 m beyond the boundaries - Within 2 00 m on both

Environmental Quality Environmental Noise (GB 3096-2008) of the 11.7 km 2 planning area sides of the road center

Planning EIR Project EIR Type of Environmental Media Applicable PRC Standard Standard Assessment Area Project Area of Influence

• Functional Area Category 4a line standards for areas within 35 m of road red line • Functional Area Category 2 standards for areas beyond 35 m of road red line Surface water quality Environmental Quality Standards for - Section of Yudai River within the - Section of Yudai River Surface Water (GB 3838-2002), 11.7 km 2 planning area and within the project area to Category III standards downstream to where it enters the downstream where it Gan River enters the Gan River - 500 m upstream to 5000 m - Gan River from 200 m downstream of the Ji’an Luozishan upstream to 1500 m WWTP downstream of the Yudai River confluence Ecology No applicable standards 11.7 km 2 planning area Within 300 m from the center lines of the proposed roads and from the banks of Yudai River (including Yudai River) “Footprint” of the temporary engineering land take areas. Soil quality Environmental Quality Standard for 11.7 km 2 planning area Not applicable Soils (GB 15618-1995), Class 1 standards Yudai River sediment Control Standards for Pollutants in Not applicable Dredged sediment from quality Sludges from Agricultural Use (GB Yudai River 4284-84) Physical cultural No applicable standard but controlled Not applicable “Footprint” of the resources under PRC’s Cultural Relics permanent and temporary Protection Law engineering land take areas Occupational health and No applicable standard but contro lled Not applicable Construction sites within safety under PRC’s Labor Law the “footprint” of the permanent and temporary engineering land take areas Community health and No applicable standard Not applicable Up to 200 m beyond the safety “footprint” of the permanent and temporary engineering land take areas Air pollutant Air Pollutant Integrated Emission 11.7 km 2 planning area Construction sites within Standard (GB 16297-1996), Class II the “footprint” of the and fugitive emission standards permanent and temporary engineering land take areas Noise Emission Standard of Environmental 11.7 km 2 planning area Construction sites within Noise for Boundary of Construction the “footprint” of the Site (GB 12523-2011) permanent and temporary engineering land take areas PollutantEmission Standard Wastewater Integrated Wastewater Discharge 11.7 km 2 planning area Construction sites within Standard (GB 8978-1996), Class I the “footprint” of the

Planning EIR Project EIR Type of Environmental Media Applicable PRC Standard Standard Assessment Area Project Area of Influence

standard (for discharging into permanent and temporary Category III water bodies) engineering land take areas Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Domestic wastewater within the 11.7 Not applicable Municipal Wastewater Treatment km 2 planning area Plant (GB 18918-2002), Class 1(B) standard

61. The assessment period covers both construction and operation stages of the project. The construction stage consists of 50 months from the second quarter in 2015 until the second quarter in 2019. The operational stage (for the roads) will be up to the design horizon of year 2030 (Table II.9). Construction of Bo’an Avenue, Yangming West Road, Shalshan West Road and Zhongshan West Road would take approximately two years. Construction of Junhua Avenue would take three years. Yudai River rehabilitation and landscaping would also take approximately three years.

Table II.9: Implementation Schedule*

Year & 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Quarter rd th st nd rd th st nd rd th st nd rd th st nd rd th st nd Activity 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

BRT Construction Station Square Improvement Rehabilitation of Yudai River Landscaping of Yudai River Junhua Road

Bo'an Road Yangming West Road Shaoshan West Road Zhongshan West Road Traffic Management Land Acquisition and Resettlement

* BRT construction component has been dropped and a new component will replace the BRT component.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Rationale

62. Background . The project proposes four components: (i) a 6.94-km bus rapid transport (BRT) public transport corridor on Jinggangshan Avenue with improvements to the existing Railway Station Square; (ii) rehabilitation of the Yudai River in the new Western City Development Area; (iii) construction of five urban roads in the new Western City Development Area and traffic management; and (iv) capacity development. The project also includes proposed GEF funded activities consisting of the provision of diesel hybrid-electric buses, evaluation and monitoring of hybrid bus performance and integrated transport/land use system planning. The first component was removed from the project scope and a new curbside bus and non-motorized NMT improvement component will replace it.

63. The new component comprises: (i) curbside bus improvement, including dedicated bus lanes at curbside along Jingganshan Avenue (formerly proposed BRT corridor) for 19.5 km; (ii) high-quality bus service improvement along selected routes with branding tentatively called, “Ji’an Reliable Transit (JRT)” for 70 km network comprising Routes 1, 9, 12, 13, 61, and 62; and a new service connecting the highspeed rail station; (iii) demonstration e-bike parking facility at the city center (Renmin Square along Jingganshan Avenue); (iv) covered e-bike lanes at intersections; (v) street safety improvements along the JRT routes; (vi) NMT network improvement; and (vii) Junshan Avenue safety improvement.

64. The new component won’t have significant environmental impacts and will not trigger environment category A. An IEE has been prepared (Appendix 4).

65. Figure III.1 shows that the project area for the urban roads and Yudai River is in the Western City Development Area while the new component corridor is in the western section of the existing urban center west of the Gan River. Figure III.2 shows the locations of the five urban roads, the Yudai River and the new component, which is at the same corridor (on Jinggangshan Avenue) as the previous BRT component. In conjunction with the proposed Chang-Ji-Gan high-speed passenger rail development aligning at the west edge (inter-city rail linking Nanchang, Ji’an and Ganzhou), the Western City Development Area will serve as the gateway to the old urban area and to the new railway station (not part of this project). The proposed inter-city railway will facilitate the flow of people, goods and services between the major cities of Jiangxi Province. This project will have a positive impact on Ji’an’s economic and social development, such as accelerating the development of the region in a sustainable manner and closing the gap between Ji’an and more developed areas in the PRC.

Figure III.1: Map Showing the Project Areas

Figure III.2: Locations of Project Components*

* No. 7 Public Transport (BRT) component was dropped.

66. Western City Development Area . As part of the Ji’an urban development strategy, the Western City Development Area has been designated as a preferred location for future population expansion and land development. The planned area calls for 10 square kilometers of new mixed-used development along with a planned population of 300,000, which is around 19% of the total planned new urban area. It will consolidate commercial, residential, logistical, business services, and recreational development into an integrated, high-quality, efficient, and multi-functional new urban area. The area will be developed along a central axis connecting the new station and the old urban area and along the Yudai River ecological belt. The urban roads in this project form important backbones of the road network within the development area, with linkages to road networks outside the development area. The rehabilitation of Yudai River will improve flood protection in the development area and will also improve the scenic and aesthetic quality of the area for existing and future residents. Figure III.3 shows the land use plan for the development area.

Figure III.3: Land Use Plan for the Western City Development Area

67. Drainage and flood protection in the Western City Development Area . The Yudai River is an inland river running through the main part of the Western City Development Area. It flows into the Luohu River then into Gan River. The existing river channel is winding with varying widths, and the soil embankments are unprotected. Bank collapses are prevalent and river channel sedimentation is severe, resulting in an elevated riverbed, narrow cross sections, poor flood capacity and regular inundation. The farmland on both sides of the river floods frequently during the rainy season. Following the overall city planning scheme and expansion trends in the urbanized area, the new town development is taking place along two sides of the Yudai River. For this reason, the river needs to be improved to protect the new town from flooding. The proposed river rehabilitation project will improve the flood storage capacity of the inner urban area at the river reach and create a riverside park and promenade improving the quality of the urban environment. The adoption of soft engineered methods for bank protection and selection of appropriate species for landscaping will ensure that wetland habitats are maintained.

68. Connectivity to regional transport network . Located 210 km from Nanchang City in the north and 600 km from Guangzhou City in the south, Ji’an is situated along the north-south trunk corridor connecting Beijing to Hong Kong, which is an important corridor linking the coastal area and the more developed area of southern PRC. Ji’an is also the gateway to the inland, connecting Yangtze River Delta in the north and Minjiang Delta in the east. Within the region, the north-south corridors include Beijing–Kowloon Railway, Daguang Expressway and National Highway G105; while the east-west corridors include the Quannan Expressway and National Highway G319.

69. The existing Jing-Jiu Railway (Beijing–Kowloon, Hongkong) and G45 Expressway (Daqing–Guangzhou) have formed the backbone of the regional transport network in Ji’an Municipality. Major transport development, including the construction of the planned Chang-Ji- Gan high-speed passenger rail, Heng-cha-ji railway, Xinji, Mengxi-Central PRC (Qiuyang to Ji’an) railways and Fuji Expressway, will further strengthen the regional transport network in the future and reduce transport costs and improve accessibility. Figure III.4 presents the regional transport network as shown in the Ji’an Urban Master Plan (2007-2020) .

Figure III.4: Regional Transport Network Plan

70. Urban roads. The existing urban center in Ji’an lacks the capacity to meet further development need, therefore under the Ji’an Urban Master Plan (2007-2020) , there are plans to expand the urban area towards the west and south due to the physical constraints of river and mountains. The new urban and industrial areas are under intensive development at present. Figure III.5 compares the existing land use pattern with the planned land use for 2020.

71. The road network in the old city area has historically developed alongside the river. The existing road network in the urban area consists of three main horizontal and four main vertical trunk roads, forming a grid pattern. The three main east-west corridors are Daqiao Road at Jinggangshan Bridge, Yangming West Road at Ji’an Bridge and Ji’an South Road at Ganjiang Bridge; the four north-south corridors are Jinggangshan Avenue, Jizhou Road, Binjiang

(Riverside) Roads and Qingyuan Road. An incomplete road network has impeded the further development of the city due to reduced connectivity. As outlined in the Ji’an Urban Master Plan (2007-2020) , by 2020 the urban road network will be further expanded as presented in Figure III.6. To support the development of new urban area, provision of improved road infrastructure is a key priority. Links between the old city areas with new development areas will need to be strengthened and smooth inter-modal transfer encouraged.

Figure III.5: Comparison of Existing and Future Land Use Patterns

Figure III.6: Transport Network Plan (2020)

72. Public transport system . The Ji’an Public Transport Company operates passenger bus services on 31 routes in Jizhou District, Qinyuan District (Figure III.7) and Ji’an County. The company is owned jointly by Jiangxi Long Distance Bus Company (70% of its share) and Ji’an Municipality (30%). It owns 278 buses (8 meters, and 12-meter buses). Average age of bus fleets is about 6 years. Currently all of the bus fleet is powered by diesel engines but the introduction of GEF funded diesel hybrid-electric buses is under consideration. There are three other bus companies who operate medium distance buses in three other counties in Ji’an.

Figure III.7: Bus Route Network in Ji’an Urban Area

73. Statistics on annual number of passengers have not been made available, but it is reported to be increasing annually by 10%. Of the 31 routes, 20 major routes together have been carrying approximately 90,000 passengers daily, with three routes each carrying more than 10,000 passengers per day. Morning peak hours are between 7:30 and 8:30 and evening peak 17:30–18:30. Operating hours are around 6:30 to 21:30 (21:00 during winter).

74. There are about 200 bus stops within the Ji’an urban area. Many of the bus stops have shelter facilitates along the main roads, constructed through a public-private-partnership scheme. The concessionaires build bus stops at their own cost and obtain rights for the advertisement space. Passenger waiting areas at these bus stops is, however, relatively small and usually there is no seating provision, or not enough seats provided. As a result, many passengers wait for buses on the vehicle carriageway, particularly when there are parked cars near the bus stops, reducing visibility for both passengers and approaching buses. This can cause safety issues and reduce the appeal of public transport use. It also indicates that the street space in the urban area is not efficiently used and there is a room for improvement through the design of urban streets, bus stops, or stricter regulation and enforcement to prevent stopping/standing/parking near bus stops.

75. Multi-modal hub: Ji’an Railway Station Square . The number of railway passenger arrivals and departures at Ji’an Railway Station has been steadily increasing over recent years. Between 2005 and 2012, passenger and freight traffic (arrivals and departures) increased to 5.45 million passengers and 3.8 million tons, with an annual increase of 14.3% and 9.4% respectively. Currently, 98 passenger trains per day (in each direction Beijing and Kowloon) stop at the Ji’an Railway Station. Figure III.8 shows the current aerial view of the station square.

Figure III.8: Existing Aerial View of the Railway Station Square

76. The existing station building is owned by the Ji’an Railway Construction Office, and has been recently renovated to improve passenger comfort. The square is located in front of Ji’an Railway Station. The upper level of the square is owned by the Ji’an Railway Construction Office and lower level by Qingyuan District. There is an underground passage which connects the rail platforms to the lower level of the square. This underground facility is not being used because of the need to relocate the building at the exit of the passage. The station square itself is currently serving many purposes, but not effectively serving passengers transferring from one mode to another. In addition, the monument and park area are not being effectively utilized. Part of this area is now being used for the display of buses for sale.

77. Buses and taxis (including motorcycle taxis) wait at the lower part of the square, and passengers especially the elderly, disabled or those with heavy luggage face a number of accessibility difficulties (Figure III.9). An overhaul in interchange provision is needed. For example, there should be either intermodal facilities on the same level and at a reduced distance, or potentially escalators or elevators should be provided.

Figure III.9: Passengers with Luggage on Staircase and Boarding City Bus

78. Traffic Management and Safety . The number of registered vehicles in Jizhou District, Qingyuan District, and Ji’an County has been steadily increasing over the last decade. In 2012, there were approximately 180,000 vehicles of which 17% were private cars and more than 70% motorcycles. Electric powered motorcycles locally known as e-bikes are not included in this statistic as they have not been regulated until recently. Regulation on e-bikes, however, has been now been introduced and e-bikes have to register with the Traffic Police.

79. The increase of vehicle ownership is increasing urban traffic congestion. The Traffic Police claim that the average travel speed has decreased from about 40 km per hour to 30 km per hour in recent years, and now some intersections in the city center are chronically congested during peak hours.

80. Many intersections in the city center have already been improved with the introduction of signals, islands, and channelization which is clearly marked and generally observed by drivers. Markings for pedestrian crossings are often clearly indicated and signal phase for pedestrians and bicycles also provided. However, pedestrian crossings across the right-turn lane and service roads could be raised to the same level of sidewalk instead of the carriageway level. Alternatively, traffic humps or speed tables could be constructed to calm down the approaching traffic and alert drivers to the pedestrian crossing. There are also some major intersections that have not yet been improved.

81. Pedestrian facilities . Sidewalks are provided along most of the main urban roads. They range from about 2 to 8 meters. However, a significant number of sidewalks are occupied by parked cars, motorcycles, and sometimes street venders. They are also used as an extension of space for small shop owners. As a result, a substantial number of pedestrians are seen walking along service roads or the shoulder of vehicle carriageways, where there are even more parked cars and bicycles and e-bikes running causing safety problems.

82. Pedestrians crossing at intersections are relatively well provided for with zebra crossings and signals for pedestrian and bicycles. However, the green phase for pedestrians may not be adequate for some users when crossing wider roads. Widths of the main road sections are typically 60 m with carriageway cross section of 40 m. There are a number of mid-section zebra crossings without pedestrian only traffic signals or refuge islands. These mid-section crossings

could be improved by the installation of pedestrian only traffic signals or refuge islands.

83. Traffic accidents . Annual traffic accident data for Ji’an (2008–2012) indicates a reduction in the number of accidents and injuries since 2008, with a small increase between 2011 and 2012. Fatalities have remained fairly consistent in recent years.

84. According to available data, accidents involving NMT users (pedestrians and cyclists) account for approximately 40% of all traffic accidents in Ji’an, and show an increasing trend in recent years (Figure III.10). Accident hot spots noted by the Ji’an Traffic Police are shown in Figure III.11.

Figure III.10: Number of Accidents Involving NMT Users

Note: 2013 includes data from January 1 to September 5, 2013.

Figure III.11: Traffic Accident Hot Spots in Ji’an

85. Summary of urban transport issues . Based on the above description and observations made, the main urban transport issues in the Ji’an central area are summarized in Table III.1.

Table III.1: Summary of Urban Transport Issues in Ji’an Central Area Items Issues Road network  Main roads in the old urban area are in relatively good condition but secondary and branch roads are in poor condition and in need of maintenance.  There is a lack of a functional urban road hierarchy. The mix of freight and through traffic is a major constraint on the existing road network.  In complete road network connectivity due to constraints of existing land use.  Urban road network development has been constrained by the physical constraints of the river and mountains. Therefore, traffic is concentrated within a limited road networ k along a single constrained corridor. However, this presents an opportunity for better utilization of

Items Issues existing road space and encouraging a switch to public transport in an integrated corridor/network.  Roads in new urban areas are generally wide, speeding is prevalent, and lack of road safety facilities and NMT provision (e.g. refugee islands). Public transport systems  Municipal bus fleets are relatively old (average 6 years old) with diesel engines causing high pollutant and GHG emissions  Air conditioning systems on buses are not always working  Operation and administration systems require improvement by the use of IT systems  Destinations and routes are painted on buses implying less efficient fleet utilizations  Bus routes are shown at each bus stop but there is no fixed schedule.  No bus priority on major corridors  Small bus stops sometimes with parked vehicles creating unsafe situations for people waiting for buses Intermodal facilities  The space in front of Ji’an Railway Station requires improvement f or effectively integrating various modes of transport systems  Station entrance level and the bus/taxi arrival level are different and separated by staircase which is inconvenient for travelers with luggage.  Long and inconvenient walk distances between terminals/interchanges Traffic management and safety  Insufficient pedestrian signals at mid sections of wider roads  There are 300 CCTV installed and monitored but require more effective use for controlling traffic  There are traffic signals installed at over 1 00 intersections. These signals may have to be improved so as to provide coordinated signal indication based on real-time traffic conditions.  Allowing e-bike owners to ride without driver license  E-bikes behave like bicycles or pedestrians, which is danger ous for non-motorized mode users.  Pedestrian crossings across right turn lanes and service roads at major intersections are not raised to the same level as sidewalk.  Poor pedestrian visibility at bus stops. Encroachment of cars , poor regulation and enforcement.  Some of the key causes of traffic accidents in Ji’an include motor vehicle drivers speeding, illegally overtaking, lane encroachmen t, failing to give way, driving without a license , overcrowded vehicles and drunk-driving.

86. Impact, Outcome and Output.

87. The expected impact of the project will be an efficient, inclusive and sustainable urban transport system in Jiangxi Ji’an. The outcome of the project will be efficient multi-model access to major activity centers in Ji’an City including the new Western Development Area.

88. The project outputs are (i) a 6.94 km BRT corridor along Jinggangshan Road with 15 stations, plus development of an intermodal hub at the existing Ji’an Railway Station; (ii) rehabilitation of 8.02 km of Yudai River (5.3 km) and tributary (2.72 km); (iii) construction of five urban roads totaling 19.33 km in the Western City Development Area and traffic management improvement through the provision of coordinated signal system, central control system and traffic information collection system; and (iv) capacity development and institutional

strengthening. Output (i) was removed from the project scope. Output (i) was removed from the project scope.

89. A new curbside bus and non-motorized NMT improvement component will replace output (i), comprising: (i) curbside bus improvement, including dedicated bus lanes at curbside along Jingganshan Avenue (formerly proposed BRT corridor) for 19.5 km; (ii) high-quality bus service improvement along selected routes with branding tentatively called, “Ji’an Reliable Transit (JRT)” for 70 km network comprising Routes 1, 9, 12, 13, 61, and 62; and a new service connecting the highspeed rail station; (iii) demonstration e-bike parking facility at the city center (Renmin Square along Jingganshan Avenue); (iv) covered e-bike lanes at intersections; (v) street safety improvements along the JRT routes; (vi) NMT network improvement; and (vii) Junshan Avenue safety improvement.

90. The Project included Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded activities consisting of the provision of diesel hybrid-electric buses, evaluation and monitoring of hybrid bus performance and integrated transport/land use system planning.

B. Component 1: Public Transport

91. Component 1 was removed from the project scope. A new curbside bus and non- motorized NMT improvement component will replace component 1. An IEE has been prepared for the new component (Appendix 4).

C. Component 2: River Rehabilitation

92. The project site is located at the west of the urban area, south of Ji’an South Avenue, and north of Zhenjunshan Mountain (Figure III.17). River rehabilitation will total 8.02 km, consisting of 5.3 km of the Yudai River and 2.72 km of its tributary, the Jiangbian Stream. Permanent land take for this component will be 2214.66 mu (≈ 147.64 ha), consisting of 1839.6 mu (≈ 122.64 ha) land area and 375.06 m (≈ 25 ha) water surface area.

Figure III.12: Location of the River Rehabilitation Area

93. The scope of project includes flood control and landscaping works. The concept design for the river rehabilitation project is to alleviate flood risk and impacts and to improve the natural and urban environment. The flood protection works will involve river channel dredging, riverbank renovation and slope protection and have been designed taking into account the wider watershed management program and the Western Development Area Detailed Plan. The landscaping works will create a riverside park and promenade, the design proposes soft engineered approaches and incorporation of ecological features to create a new amenity resource that is in keeping with the natural environment. The park will include woodland, and lawn areas, pedestrian paths, bicycle trails, a car park and associated facilities including lighting, service areas for leisure activities and street furniture.

94. Flood protection works . An integrated treatment is proposed for Yudai River and Jiangbian Stream tributary, including embankment treatment, main channel dredging, slope protection, cross-dike structures improvement, a water-lifting weir, and associated structures. The design flood return period is one in 20 years. Figure III.18 shows the cross sections of river protection works and Figure III.19 shows the layout.

95. The river elevations at inflow and outflow will be the same as existing. Water depths under normal flow condition range from 0.6 – 1.2 m. Riverbed width ranges from 15 m in the upstream section to 20 m in the downstream section. Revetment will be 1.4 m in height constructed with stone mortar. To retain water in the river channel year-round, five cofferdams will be constructed across Yudai River at sections 1+000, 2+000, 3+500, 4+500 and at Yudai confluence with Luohu River. The Jiangbian Stream (the name will be changed to North Yudai River) will have seven cofferdams at sections 0+200, 0+500, 0+800, 1+100, 1+400, 1+700, 2+000. A sluice gate will be constructed on either the left or right side of each cofferdam to allow sediment flushing and for flood water to pass.

Figure III.13: River Cross-Sections

Figure III.14: Layout of River and Landscape Design

96. Landscape works . The landscaping works will provide a riverside park for recreation and leisure activities. Figure III.20 shows photomontages of landscape and river front concept designs.

 Zone 1: Located around the main corridor, exiting the high-speed rail station. Landscaping is styled as grand and open space.  Zone 2: Located near Shaoshan Park. The section of river is wide and pedestrian flows would be high. There will be some commercial development around the riverbank. In conjunction with Shaoshan Park, a riverfront park will be developed, and recreational facilities will be provided.  Zone 3: Located at residential area where the water course is narrow. Ecological design principles will be adopted to minimize disruption to the natural environment. The creation of wetlands is proposed to follow the natural landform.

 The riverbank design as shown in Figure III.21 incorporates soft reinforcement methods using plants and wooden structures.

Figure III.15: Photomontages of Landscape and Riverfront Concept Design

Greening and Landscape

Waterfront Pedestrian Path

Figure III.16: Ecological Riverbank Treatment

D. Component 3: Urban Roads and Traffic Management

1. Urban Roads

97. The five sections of urban roads (see Figure III.2) totaling approximately 20 km proposed for ADB financing are among 23 new road sections in the Western City Development Area. Two are primary trunk roads with red line 10 width of 55 m. The other three are secondary trunk roads with red line width of 40 m. These roads will permanently take up approximately 97 ha of land. Table III.5 shows the key characteristics of these five roads. Shaoshan West Road, Yangming West Road and Zhongshan West Road are the extension of existing primary urban roads connecting to the new high-speed rail station. Junhua Avenue and Bo’an Avenue are the major south-north trunk lines in the network, which are given top priority for construction.

10 The “ red line” defines the construction corridor of a road.

Table III.2: Key Characteristics of Five Urban Roads Red Line Road No. of MV Land Take No. Road Section Road Class Width (m) Length (km) Lanes (ha) Jixiang West Road – Ji’an North 1 Junhua Avenue 55 7.80 Dual 3 48.69 Primary trunk Avenue Secondary 2 Bo’an Avenue Jifu Road – Shaoshan West Road 40 3.15 Dual 2 12.75 trunk Shaoshan West Secondary 3 Ji’zhou Avenue – Bo’an Avenue 40 2.99 Dual 2 11.48 Road trunk Yangming West 4 Junhua Avenue – Bo’an Avenue 55 2.05 Dual 3 11.00 Primary trunk Road Zhongshan West Secondary 5 Ji’zhou Avenue – Bo’an Avenue 40 3.34 Dual 2 12.95 Road trunk Total 19.33 96.87 Source: Project EIR.

98. Traffic forecast . For the purpose of environmental impact assessment, the number of motor vehicles travelling on the five proposed urban roads were modeled for the short term (2020) and the long term (2030) scenarios. Table III.6 presents the modeling results, which were used to assess vehicle emissions and traffic noise in this report.

Table III.3: Forecast of Number of Vehicles per hour on the Proposed Urban Roads No. of Vehicles per Hour in Year 2020 No. of Vehicles per Hour in Year 2030 Vehicle Name of Road Day Night Day Night Type Peak Non -peak Peak Non -peak Peak Non -peak Peak Non -peak Junhua Avenue Small 800 277 408 136 2350 810 1195 398 Mid-size 229 79 116 39 671 231 341 114 Large 114 40 58 19 336 116 171 57 Total 1143 396 582 194 3357 1157 1707 569 Bo’an Avenue Small 150 37 65 22 350 120 178 59 Mid-size 43 10 19 6 100 34 51 17 Large 21 5 9 3 50 17 25 8 Total 214 52 93 31 500 171 254 84 Shaoshan West Road Small 350 120 178 59 850 294 433 144 Mid-size 100 34 51 17 243 84 124 41 Large 50 17 25 8 121 42 62 21 Total 500 171 254 84 1214 420 619 206 Yangming West Road Small 850 294 433 144 1550 519 788 263 Mid-size 243 84 124 41 443 148 225 75 Large 121 42 62 21 221 74 75 38 Total 1214 420 619 206 2214 741 1088 376 Zhongshan West Small 600 207 305 102 1100 380 1120 373 Road Mid-size 171 59 87 29 314 109 320 107 Large 86 30 44 15 157 54 160 53 Total 857 296 436 146 1571 543 1600 533 Source: Project EIR.

99. Alignment design . The proposed horizontal alignment has taken into consideration: (i) Urban Master Plan and detailed road network plan; (ii) traffic demand; and (iii) constraints imposed by existing and proposed land uses. The vertical alignment has been designed taking into account site formation, land use, drainage and other technical standards. The cross section is designed according to road functions, traffic volumes and any other political requirements. For each road, there are two schemes being considered. Alternatives were compared with and without median separations between dual motor vehicle lanes.

100. Sub-grade and protection works . The proposed roads in the new development area are situated west of existing Jizhou Avenue. The terrain tilts from the northeast to southwest and is dominated by gentle hills and farmland. The elevation of the site ranges from 59.1 m to 98.4 m. The designed sub-grade height ranges from 1-16 m. Storm water will be drained into the Yudai River and the need for pollution interception will be addressed during detailed design. Road embankment slope is designed at 1:1.5. For the cut section, the slope gradient is designed at 1:1. For embankments that are higher than 8 m and 2 m wide an apron will be built, and geo-textile will be laid down for stability. The embankment slope will generally be covered by grass. For sections where the embankment is higher than 2 m, hollow bricks and other similar types of hard surface will be laid to allow for vegetation growth and to strengthen slope stability.

101. Ground treatment measures will be based on different ground conditions. There are three typical ground treatment methods for soft and damp sections. In the first scenario where ground surface is dominated with cultivated soil, topsoil will need to be removed and backfilled with earth. In the second scenario where sludge and mud dominate, the ground will need to be dredged and backfilled with crushed stone or sand and gravel before laying down road subgrade. In the third scenario where ground water level is high, the ground will be filled with stone to pack the sediment and mud down below the water level before road sub-grade.

102. Bridge . Four medium-sized bridges are proposed for the roads to cross the Yudai River as shown in Table III.7. Simple supported slab bridges will be adopted for short span bridges because of their relatively low cost and reduced construction issues.

Table III.4: List of Proposed Bridges Location Span (m) Width (m) Area (m 2) Type of Upper Structure

Yangming West Road (K2+461.0) 2x20 55 2,585 Simple-supported voided slab

Juhua Road (K6+516) 4x20 55 4,785 Simple-supported voided slab Bo’an Road (K1+775.0) 2x20 40 1,880 Simple-supported voided slab

Shaoshan West Road (K1+845) 2x20 40 2,068 Simple-supported voided slab Source: FSR.

103. Culvert. A total of 28 culverts are proposed with consideration of current drainage conditions and future requirements (Table III.8). Total length of pipe culvert is 1,606 meters, while total length of slab culvert is 216 meters.

Table III.5: Characteristics of Proposed Culverts Loc ation No. of Culvert Length (m) Type of Structure 1 60 Pipe culvert Yangming West Road 1 109 Slab culvert Juhua Road 11 799 Pipe culvert 4 200 Pipe culvert Bo’an Road 1 55 Slab culvert Shaoshan West Road 7 407 Pipe culvert 2 140 Pipe culvert Zhongshan West Road 1 52 Slab culvert Source: FSR.

104. Intersection . For all the road sections, at-grade intersections instead of grade separated intersections have been proposed in consideration of the function of the urban roads serving all road users and to facilitate easy access for pedestrians and cyclists. Signalization will be provided when a primary road intersects another primary road. As shown in Figure III.19, pedestrian and bicycle lanes are separated from the motor vehicle lanes, and traffic islands are proposed in order to increase intersection capacity. The right-of-way for intersections will be widened by adding an auxiliary lane to accommodate turning movements. Sufficient widths for rights-of-way will be provided for pedestrians including both sidewalks and crosswalks.

2. Traffic Management

105. Traffic management proposed by the Traffic Police Department includes three items: (i) coordinated signal system; (ii) central control system; and (iii) traffic information collection system.

106. Coordinated signal system . The proposed traffic signals for co-ordination at 37 intersections are shown in Figure III.20. Priorities will be given to the traffic flows of Jinggangshan Road and Yangming Road, and near where new municipal government building has been constructed. Existing signal equipment will be utilized as much as possible, but controllers will be replaced with the ones that are compatible with a centralized control system.

107. Instead of being locally controlled, the signals at these intersections will be centrally controlled and coordinated based on real time traffic data to minimize delays. Control data will be transmitted to each controller through the optical data communication systems along Jinggangshan Road, which already exists to operate the CCTV monitoring system.

Figure III.17: Intersection Treatment for Yangming West Road Intersecting Bo’an Avenue

108. Central control system . A central control system will be installed at the traffic control center at the Police Headquarters. The proposed system consists of several servers, switching systems, and relevant application software. The system will categorize the traffic status of the road network in five levels according to real-time traffic saturation: smooth, relatively smooth, slight congestion, moderate congestion and severe congestion, and the status can be viewed at the control center. At the central control center, a database system will be developed and utilized for various traffic management decisions.

Figure III.18: Location of Proposed Intersections for Signal Coordination

109. Traffic information collection system . The proposed data collection system mainly consists of microwave or loop vehicle detectors that constantly monitor traffic movements on site, and send the real-time traffic information to the central control system through the optical communication systems. At five strategic locations, real-time traffic information will be provided to road users on LED message display devices. Variable Message Signs are distributed on Jinggangshan Avenue and aim to divert traffic from the major congested roads to less congested ones improving network efficiency and safety.

E. Component 4: Capacity Building

110. The capacity development and institutional strengthening component will consist of: (i) resettlement monitoring, (ii) gender monitoring, (iii) environment monitoring, (iv) project management and road safety support, and (v) capacity building in project implementation and management.

F. Global Environment Facility Funding Activities

111. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) provides grants to developing countries and countries with economies in transition, for projects related to, among several others, climate change and promoting sustainable livelihood. Urban public transport offers a range of important benefits over private car use particularly regarding efficient passenger carrying capacity and road space use, and reduced environmental pollution and energy consumption. The aim is to induce modal shift from private vehicle use towards public transport through the development of an efficient, safe and integrated public transport system.

112. Co-financing by GEF for additional climate change mitigation aspects of the project was approved by the GEF Council in November 2011 as part of the Asian Sustainable Transport and Urban Development (ASTUD) program (amount is $2.55 million including project management cost). A draft document describing the GEF-funded components in detail for endorsement by the GEF CEO has been submitted to GEF.

113. The proposed GEF-funded activities include: (i) introduction of fuel-efficient bus operations – hybrid buses; (ii) fuel efficient bus operations – evaluation and monitoring of hybrid bus performance; and (iii) integrated transport/land use system planning. The GEF-financed activities are designed to reduce the carbon intensity of the transport and urban system in Ji’an. These low carbon concepts will be integrated into road design to maximize GHG savings.

114. Fuel efficient bus operations–hybrid buses . Ji’an buses are currently 100% diesel of mixed age and condition and there is little awareness of concepts such as eco- driving/maintenance and fuel-efficient bus operations. Proposed GEF activities will increase awareness of and capacity in energy efficient bus operations through the introduction and operation of 12 new diesel hybrid-electric buses and an associated eco-driving/maintenance program and fuel efficiency monitoring program. This is expected to be a key step towards transforming bus operations in Ji’an towards a low carbon future and accelerating diffusion of hybrid bus technology into Ji’an and similar smaller cities in less-advanced inland provinces of the PRC. The buses will have the latest hybrid technology in full production at the time of procurement and will be smaller 10.5m buses. This size provides optimal flexibility in terms of operating on all existing and planned bus routes in Ji’an. In combination with the bus procurement, the bus supplier(s) will also be required to provide hands-on training and supporting materials in eco-driving and maintenance techniques aimed at maximizing fuel efficiency on an ongoing basis.

115. Fuel efficient bus operations – evaluation and monitoring of hybrid bus performance . Ji’an has a wide range of bus operating conditions, from wide boulevards to narrow back streets; from congested major corridors to free-flowing streets. Ji’an has an existing fleet of diesel buses and new buses to be procured under the baseline project to use for comparison. This provides an opportunity to use the hybrid buses to be procured to conduct a set of carefully designed and controlled trials of hybrid buses under a range of conditions. This item will support (i) the design and supervision of carefully-designed and controlled trials of hybrid buses under a range of conditions, using a scientific methodology; (ii) the analysis of the results to extract general conclusions regarding the GHG performance of hybrid buses; (iii) documentation of the findings in English and Chinese in a range of forms suitable for professional and industry audiences; and (iv) preparation of the information resources and base data for sharing broadly through online knowledge sharing portals.

116. Integrated transport/land use system planning . This item will build local capacity in low carbon transport and urban planning and prepare associated demonstration projects for implementation by JMG. This will involve the following three key activities: (i) examine issues of NMT integration and links to the transit system in detail; and (ii) reinforce the capacity building impact by organizing workshops on key topics (low carbon planning principles, transit-oriented development and NMT integration) in Ji’an for city and provincial officials and other stakeholders.

G. Construction Activities

117. Borrow pits and disposal sites . Spoil materials will consist of small quantities of construction and demolition (C&D) waste which will be transported to a disposal site managed by the Ji’an Cityscape Management Department, who is responsible for managing all the disposal and re-use of earth cut materials from construction projects in the municipality. The construction of five urban roads and the rehabilitation of Yudai River would generate approximately 5.55 million m 3 of earth cut materials, of which approximately 3.40 million m 3 would be re-used in the project and the remaining 2.15 million m 3 would be transported to a disposal site designated by the Ji’an Cityscape Management Office. This project therefore does not require project-specific borrow pits and spoil disposal sites.

118. Yudai River dredging . Dredging of Yudai River would produce approximately 455,890 m3 of dredged sediment and all would be re-used for landscaping in the Yudai River green belt. No dredged sediment disposal site will be required. Dredging will be done in the dry season and the dry dredging method will be adopted, where bunds or coffer dams will be built to enclose the dredging site (with the river flow diverted) and the water pumped out followed by using a mechanical excavator to remove the sediment similar to earth excavation works on land.

119. Haul roads . Construction traffic for the urban roads will use existing roads and therefore will not require temporary haul roads. Rehabilitation of Yudai River will require the construction of approximately 12 km of temporary haul roads, which will be restored upon completion of construction works.

120. Construction camps . Construction workers will live in rental premises and this project does not require construction camps for providing living quarters to the construction workers.

121. Construction staging areas . Three construction staging areas will be set up for urban road construction. Each area will occupy approximately 2 ha of grassland of no ecological value.

122. Asphalt mixing . Already mixed asphalt will be purchased for paving the urban roads and no asphalt mixing station will be established in the project sites for the urban roads.

H. Institutional Arrangements for Construction and Operation

123. Table III.6 presents the institutional arrangement and roles and responsibilities for the construction and operational stages of the project.

Table III.6: Project Implementation Organizations, Roles and Responsibilities Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility Project preparation Design Institutes on  Prepare feasibility study reports (FSR), environmental impact reports (EIR), soil behalf of JPMO and water conservation report (SWCR), resettlement plan (RP) JPMO  Review the FSRs, EIRs, SWCR and RP.  Engage a staff environmental specialist JEPB  Review and approve the EIRs JPWRB  Review and approve the SWCR PPTA consultant  Provide technical assistance  Review domestic EIRs  Conduct environmental due diligence  Prepare project environmental impact assessment (EIA) report and environmental management plan (EMP) ADB  Review and approve the EIA and EMP and disclose Detailed design Design Institutes on  Incorporate mitigation measures defined in the EMP into engineering detailed behalf of JPMO designs JPMO  Review mitigation measures defined in the EMP, update where necessary based on detailed design  Engage the independent Environmental Supervision Engineer (ESE).  Engage the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) under the Loan Implementation Consulting Services ESE and LIEC  Review detailed design to ensure inclusion of relevant mitigation measures  Assist JPMO in updating the EMP where necessary ADB  Approve updated EMP and disclose Tendering, JPMO  Incorporate EMP clauses into tender documents contracting and pre-  Commission JEMS for internal environmental quality monitoring during the construction construction phase  Establish the project grievance redress mechanism with a complaint center and hotline ESE  Review tender documents to ensure inclusion of EMP clauses  Review contractor’s method statements on implementation of mitigation measures LIEC  Review tender documents to ensure inclusion of EMP clauses  Conduct training for the staff from JPMO, IA, O&M units and contractors on environmental management, environmental monitoring and EMP implementation Contractors  Prepare and submit tenders for the construction contracts, to include staffing and costs for environmental management to comply with the EMP  Prepare method statements on implementation of mitigation measures ADB  Review bid documents and confirm project’s readiness Construction IA  Develop project management procedures, implementation plan, and financial management  Approve contractor’s method statements on implementation of mitigation measures  Undertake day-to-day project and EMP implementation activities for all

infrastructure components  Administer and monitor the contractors and suppliers  Supervise EMP implementation to ensure compliance by contractors JPMO  Coordinate with all involved agencies, departments, and institutes for project implementation  Coordinate the project level grievance redress mechanism  Conduct public consultations as indicated in the EMP  Supervise EMP implementation  Prepare project documents and report to JMG, JPLG and ADB  Submit withdrawal applications and supporting documents to ADB  Submit project implementation progress reports and safeguards monitoring reports to ADB  Submit all procurement and disbursement documents to ADB for necessary approval  Disclose project-related information and documents in accordance with ADB guidelines JEMS  Conduct internal environmental quality monitoring in accordance with the EMP  Recommend additional environmental quality monitoring when needed  Prepare and submit monitoring results to JPMO, IA and JEPB monthly ESE  Conduct external compliance monitoring of EMP implementation  Review internal environmental quality monitoring data collected by JEMS  Advise on mitigation measures when needed  Assist JPMO and IA in preparing monthly progress reports LIEC  Conduct compliance monitoring of EMP implementation  Assist JPMO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports for submission to ADB JEPB  Conduct periodic and random inspections of all construction projects relative to compliance with PRC regulations and standards ADB  Review semi-annual environmental monitoring reports  Undertake review missions Operation O&M units  Operate and maintain the project facilities  Engage JEMS in conducting environmental quality monitoring during the operational phase IA  Coordinate and supervise EMP implementation JEMS  Conduct internal environmental monitoring for the first year of operation according to the EMP ADB  Conduct project completion review Notes : ADB = Asian Development Bank; ESE = environmental supervision engineer; IA = Implementing Agency; JEMS = Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station; JEPB = Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau; JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; JPWRB = Jiangxi Provincial Water Resource Bureau; LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant; O&M = operation and maintenance; PPTA = project preparation technical assistance

I. Associated Facilities

124. SPS (2009) defines associated facilities as “facilities that are not funded as part of a project but whose viability and existence depend exclusively on the project, or whose goods or services are essential for successful operation of the project.” In this context, this project has no associated facility.

J. Climate Change Adaptation Considerations

125. According to recent ADB guidelines11 on climate change risks to roads, risks may include reduced road safety and security, increased need for road maintenance due to landslides, and costly rehabilitation works as drainage is insufficient for peak rainfall events. Climate change parameters of significance for this Project would include the following:

i. Precipitation intensity, ii. Peak rainfall events (for designing road drainage and Yudai River flood protection), iii. Profiles of past extreme weather events, iv. Changes to the onset of rainy seasons (for road maintenance and construction scheduling), v. Wind and water flow speed during extreme weather events (for bridge design), vi. Changes to snow fall events (for decisions on the need for snow removing equipment), vii. Changes in temperature including both gradual increase and increase in extreme temperature (likely to impact road pavements), and viii. Changes in precipitation (will impact road foundations).

126. Detailed design of the road subgrade, pavement, bridge structures, slope protection and drainage system for the urban roads and the flood control capacity of Yudai River will need to take account of climate change effects. Currently national design standards are proposed that are based on historical flood data and do not take account of projected climate change effects. A detailed climate risk and vulnerability analyses was carried out in August 2014 and adaptation measures to increase resilience to climate change were recommended for consideration during the detailed design phase. The detailed study is included as Appendix 3 to this EIA and recommendations have been incorporated into the EMP (Appendix 1).

127. The project should also consider climate change mitigation and energy efficient measures to minimize GHG emissions, such as the selection of hybrid buses and lower emission fuels for the bus fleet, and energy efficient street and station lighting. These consist of the use of solar power for warning and traffic signs with cold light illuminator Light Emitting Diode (LED) that maximize the use of natural light and ventilation. According to the FSR for urban roads, street lighting will use energy saving light fixtures, with the lighting control box located in the electric loading center and proper sizing of electric cables to minimize electricity loss during transmission.

11 Asian Development Bank. 2011. Guidelines for climate proofing investment in the transport sector: road infrastructure projects. xiv + 53 pp.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA)

A. Existing Setting of the Project Sites

128. Western City Development Area . This is a new development area to the west of the current urban center, with a total area of 51 km 2. The planning EIR has defined an assessment area of 11.7 km 2 within the 51 km 2 which encompasses the urban road and Yudai River rehabilitation components. The assessment area is bound by Zhanlqian Avenue to the west, Junhua Avenue to the east, Zhenjunshan South Road to the north and Jifu Road to the south (longitudes 114 o55’31.46”E to 114 o58’21.84”E; latitudes 27 o6’34.12”N to 27 o9’1.11”N).

129. The setting in the assessment area could be described as suburban-rural but dominated by villages. The project sites for the five urban roads and Yudai River rehabilitation are in a suburban-rural setting that has been under human influence and disturbance. The planning EIR identified 27 villages within the assessment area, with a current population of 4,618 and 1,248 households. Table IV.1 shows that the existing land use within this 11.7 km 2 assessment area is dominated by farmland and woodland, followed by municipal public facilities and waterbodies such as rivers, streams, and man-made ponds and ditches. The roads within the assessment area are rural roads, with Jifu Road to the south of the assessment area being the main transport corridor to neighboring areas.

Table IV.1: Existing Land Use within the 11.7 km 2 Assessment Area Land Use Type Area (ha) Percentage of Total Village constructed land 150.08 12.83 Roads 26.50 2.26 Water area 234.94 20.08 Farmland and woodland 476.04 40.69 Municipal public facilities 282.44 24.14 Total 1170 100.00 Source: Planning EIR.

B. Existing Sensitive Receptors

130. Based on field surveys, the project EIR identified various types of sensitive receptors that currently exist within the project area of influence as defined in Table II.2. Table IV.2 identifies ecological, water quality and social sensitive receptors. Among these are three locations with old Camphor Trees, which fall under national Class II protection, and 23 species of wildlife that are under provincial protection. For air quality and noise, 32 sensitive receptors within the area of influence of the five urban roads (Table IV.3), and 9 sensitive receptors within the area of influence of Yudai River rehabilitation (Table IV.4).

Table IV.2: Ecological, Water Quality and Social Sensitive Receptors in the Project Area of Influence Media Sensitive Receptor and Status Ecology  Camphor Tree ( Cinnamomum camphora ) at 3 locat ions (see section on physical cultural resources)  23 provincially protected wildlife species  IUCN vulnerable and Class II national protection bird species present in the wider project area  River and wetland habitats of local value

Media Sensitive Receptor and Status  No significant wetland, nature reserve, fish spawning and wintering ground, no fish migration routes Water quality  Luohu River and Gan River downstream of Yudai River  No drinking water intake within the project area of influence Social  Residents and employees affected by land acquisition and resettlement Source: Project EIR.

Table IV.3: Existing Air Quality and Noise Sensitive Receptors in the Five Proposed Urban Roads’ Project Area of Influence Noise Functional Area Affected by Category 4a Category 2 Name of First Row First No. of First Row No. of Sensitive No. Distance to Row House Distance House- Remark Receptor Road Chainage Center Line Distance holds to Red Holds / Location to Red Line People Line 3-4 storey brick buildings fac ing the proposed road. Pres Baitang Village Shaoshan K0+220/ri ently affected by traffic noise 1 26 ∼45 m 6 m 26 HH 36 m 120 HH 白塘村 West Road ght from the existing section of Shaoshan West Road and Ji zhou Avenue Residential community with 7-storey brick buildings. Pre Jinluhuayuan Shaoshan K0+240/le sently affected by traffic nois 2 24 m 4 m 90 HH 37 m 325 HH 金鹭花园 West Road ft e from the existing section o f Shaoshan West Road and Jizhou Avenue Wuli Village Zo Proposed road will traverse t ujia Village Gr Left 5 m Left 37 m Shaoshan K0+600/b Left 25 m hrough village with 3-5 store 3 oup Right 7 31 HH Right 38 153 HH West Road oth sides Right 27 m y brick buildings. No other n 五里村邹家村 m m oise sources. 组 260 tea Wuli Primary S 3-storey brick building at sla Shaoshan K0+400/ri chers & 4 chool 100 m ------80 m nt angle to road. No other n West Road ght student 五里小学 oise sources. s Xiazhou Villag 3-5 storey brick buildings at Shaoshan K1+640/le 5 e 147 m ------127 m 18 HH slant angle to road. No other West Road ft 下洲村 noise sources. K2+985.5 3-5 storey brick buildings at Shaoshan 59/ facing the intersection of proposed 115 m ------95 m 10 HH Jiangbian Villa West Road the end of Shaoshan West Road and B 6 ge the road o’an Avenue. Mainly affecte 江边村 d by traffic noise from Bo’an Bo’an Aven K3+000/le 48 m 28 m 3 HH 36 m 89 HH Avenue. No other noise sour ue ft ces. Renjia Village Bo’an Aven K2+740/ri 3-5 storey brick buildings. N 7 75 m ------55 m 35 HH 仁家村 ue ght o other noise sources. Luogang Villag 2-3 storey brick buildings at Bo’an Aven K2+740/le 8 e 30 m 10 m 2 HH 47 m 9 HH slant angle to road. No other ue ft 螺冈村 noise sources.

Noise Functional Area Affected by Category 4a Category 2 Name of First Row First No. of First Row No. of Sensitive No. Distance to Row House Distance House- Remark Receptor Road Chainage Center Line Distance holds to Red Holds / Location to Red Line People Line 3-4 storey brick buildings. N Chengshang V Bo’an Aven K2+220/le o other noise sources. Will b 9 illage 30 m 10 m 12 HH 37 m 16 HH ue ft e traversed by the planned 城上村 Guangchang West Road. 3-4 storey brick buildings. N Maobei Village Bo’an Aven K1+696/ri o other noise sources. Will b 10 33 m 13 m 3 HH 38 m 9 HH 毛背村 ue ght e bisected by the planned Lij iatang Road. Bo’an Aven K0+800/le 3-4 storey brick buildings at 59 m ------39 m 12 HH ue ft the intersection of Zhongsha Luotang Villag n West Road and Bo’an Ave 11 e nue. No other noise sources Zhongshan K3+337/ro 罗塘村 76 m ------56 m 9 HH . Will be mainly affected by t West Road ad end raffic noise from Bo’an Aven ue. 2-3 storey of scattered brick Shiliwangjia Zhongshan K2+740/ri 12 100 m ------80 m 6 HH buildings at slant angle to ro 十里王家 West Road ght ad. No other noise sources. Chaobailing Vil 3-5 storey brick buildings at Zhongshan K2+620/le 13 lage 65 m ------45 m 80 HH slant angle to road. No other West Road ft 朝拜岭村 noise sources. K1+940/le Pengxia Villag 61 m Zhongshan ft 3-5 storey brick buildings. N 14 e ------41 m 77 HH West Road K1+605/le o other noise sources. 棚下村 64 m ft 200 tea With back of building facing Baitang Primar Zhongshan K0+880/ri chers & road and separated by the A 15 y School 56 m ------36 m West Road ght student nqian Old Village. No other 白塘小学 s noise sources. Anqian Old Vill Zhongshan K0+724/ri 3-5 storey brick buildings. N 16 age 23 m 3 m 9 HH 40 m 35 HH West Road ght o other noise sources. 案前老村 3-5 storey brick buildings of Anqian New Vi mixed residential and comm Zhongshan K0+220/ri 17 llage 24 m 4 m 13 HH 48 m 16 HH ercial uses. Minor traffic nois West Road ght 案前新村 e impact from Jizhou Avenu e as well. Ji’an City Dise 7-storey brick building at the ase Prevention intersection of Zhongshan 76 staff and Control C Zhongshan K0+060/ri West Road and Jizhou Aven 18 35 m ------15 m & 31 ret enter West Road ght ue. Will also be affected by t irees 吉安市疾病预 raffic noise from Jizhou Ave 防控制中心 nue. Yangminghuay Left 5 m Residential community of 5- Zhongshan K0+420/ b Left 25 m 19 uan Right 8 90 HH 38 m 360 HH 7 storey brick buildings. No West Road oth sides Right 28 m 阳明花园 m other noise sources.

Noise Functional Area Affected by Category 4a Category 2 Name of First Row First No. of First Row No. of Sensitive No. Distance to Row House Distance House- Remark Receptor Road Chainage Center Line Distance holds to Red Holds / Location to Red Line People Line Yangming K1+140/ri 2-4 storey brick buildings. N Dujiafang Villa 141 m ------111 m 15 HH West Road ght o other noise sources. 20 ge Junhua Ave K5+060/le 2-4 storey brick buildings. N 杜家坊村 38 m 10 m 5 HH 40 m 17 HH nue ft o other noise sources. Nan’an Village Yangming K2+220/ri 2-5 storey brick buildings. N 21 37 m 9 m 12 HH 37 m 70 HH 南岸村 West Road ght o other noise sources. Dongtou Villag Yangming K2+680/ b Left 32 m 2-5 storey brick buildings. N 22 e 4 m 33 HH 36 m 102 HH West Road oth sides Right 33 m o other noise sources. 冻头村 Proposed road will traverse t Laoyangjia Vill Junhua Ave K0+820/ b Left 34 m hrough village with 2-5 store 23 age 6 m 33 HH 40 m 68 HH nue oth sides Right 33 m y brick buildings. No other n 老杨家村 oise sources. Zengjia Village Junhua Ave K1+380/le 2-3 storey brick buildings. N 24 148 m ------120 m 7 HH 曾家村 nue ft o other noise sources. Proposed road will traverse t Jiaojialing Villa Junhua Ave K2+740/b Left 34 m hrough village with 2-4 store 25 ge 6 m 25 HH 40 m 83 HH nue oth sides Right 40 m y brick buildings. No other n 焦家岭村 oise sources. Jinggangshan 5200 st Proposed road will traverse t University Ji’a udents hrough the boundary wall of n City Health Junhua Ave K3+300/ri 26 39 m ------11 m and206 the 5-storey school building. College nue ght teacher Presently affected by traffic 井冈山大学吉 s noise from Jifu Road. 安市卫生学校 Baiyunshan Vil 3-5 storey brick buildings. Pr Junhua Ave K3+540/le 27 lage 130 m ------102 m 63 HH esently affected by traffic noi nue ft 白云山村 se from Jifu Road. Baitang Village Xuanshang Vi Junhua Ave K4+320/ri 3-5 storey brick buildings. N 28 llage Group 125 m ------97 m 73 HH nue ght o other noise sources. 白塘村玄上村组 Zhaojiashan Junhua Ave K5+160/ri 3-5 storey brick buildings. N 29 160 m ------132 m 15 HH 赵家山 nue ght o other noise sources. Zhoujiapi Junhua Ave K6+320/le 3-5 storey brick buildings. N 30 125 m ------98 m 18 HH 洲家陂 nue ft o other noise sources. Ji’an City Drug 2-3 storey brick buildings. Pr Rehabilitation Junhua Ave K7+960/ri 1000pe oposed road will affect some 31 115 m ------87 m Institution nue ght ople boundary walls. No other n 吉安市戒毒所 oise sources. Proposed road will traverse t Shihuling Villa hrough village of 3-5 storey Junhua Ave K8+600/b 32 ge 134 m ------102 m 80 HH brick buildings. Presently aff nue oth sides 石虎玲村 ected by traffic noise from Ji’ an North Avenue to the nort

Table IV.4: Existing Air Quality and Noise Sensitive Receptors in the Yudai River’s Project Area of Influence Distanc Environment e to al Sensitivity No. of Name of Sensitive No. of Yudai No. House- Relative to Yudai River Air Receptor People River Nois holds Qualit Red e y Line 1 Xiazhou Village 下洲村 20 100 90 South of Yudai River √ √ South of Zhongqi Stream, a Yudai River major 2 Dongtou Village 冻头村 9 45 70 √ √ tributary South of Zhongqi Stream, a Yudai River major 3 Qiaotou Village 桥头村 15 70 80 √ √ tributary South of Zhongqi Stream, a Yudai River major 4 Maobei Village 毛背村 25 120 100 √ √ tributary North of Zhongqi Stream, a Yudai River major 5 Xianantang 下南塘 30 150 160 √ √ tributary South of Zhongqi Stream, a Yudai River major 6 Dongjietang 东界塘 30 120 130 √ √ tributary 7 Cunqian 村前 8 40 230 West of Jiangbianxi Stream √ --- Chengshang Village 城 North of Zhongqi Stream, a Yudai River major 8 22 110 220 √ --- 上村 tributary Liangyuan Village 良源 North of Zhongqi Stream, a Yudai River major 9 12 60 210 √ --- 村 tributary Source: Project EIR.

C. Physical Setting

131. Geography and geology . Ji’an is located in the mid-western region of Jiangxi Province, along the mid-stream section of the Gan River. Its coordinates are latitudes 25 o58’32”N to 27 o57’50”N and longitudes 113 o46’E to 115 o56’E. The city extends 218 km from north to south and 208 km from east to west. Total administrative area is 25,300 km 2, accounting for approximately 15% of total area in the province. The urban center is located approximately 210 km south of Nanchang, the provincial capital.

132. Ji’an’s topography is dominated by hills and mountains, accounting for 51% of the area. The southern, eastern and western regions of the municipality are mountainous while the central and northern regions are plains. The terrain in the urban center slopes from west to east. Figure IV.1 shows that the terrain within the assessment area of the Western City Development Area consists of hilly regions in the south and north, with lowland extending from east to west through the central region.

Figure IV.1: Topography in the Assessment Area

133. Geology . Ji’an is located in the eastern section of the Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi folded belt of the South China Caledonian geosyncline folded system. Geological strata in the city consist of Sinian, Cambrian and Quaternary sequences, with well-developed outcrops, relatively frequent tectonic and magmatic events, and complex geological structures.

134. The soil in Ji’an, including the project sites, is dominated by red soil distributed from low hills at 80 m elevation to mountains at 600 m elevation. Other soil types include purple soil developed on purple sand shale, purple paddy field soil, black lime soil developed on calcareous carbon shale, and alluvial tidal sand and mud from rivers.

135. Seismicity . According to the China Seismic Ground Motion Parameters Zoning Map (GB 18306-2001), the seismic intensity in Ji’an’s urban centre is Grade VI. The PRC classifies seismic intensity into 12 classes under the China Seismic Intensity Table (GB/T 17742-2008), from Class I to Class XII based on the severity of “shaking” of the earth surface and the extent of potential impact. Class VI is intermediate in severity with most people unable to stand still and furniture falling.

136. Climate . The project area is located in the Central Asia sub-tropical monsoon climatic zone, with mild and humid climate and distinct seasons under the influence of the southeast monsoon. Table IV.5 shows Ji’an’s weather statistics.

Table IV.5: Ji’an’s Weather Statistics Parameter Value Annual average temperature 18.3 oC Lowest monthly average temperature 6.2 oC Highest monthly average temperature 28.2 oC Extreme lowest temperature -8 oC Extreme highest temperature 40.2 oC Annual average frost-free days 277 days Annual average sunshine hours 1,812 h Predominant wind during the year Northerly Annual average precipitation 1,458 mm Highest 24-h precipitation 188.1 mm Highest 1-h precipitation 50.2 mm Source: Planning EIR.

137. Air quality . Baseline ambient air quality monitoring for environmental impact assessment for road projects in the PRC generally consists of monitoring of SO 2, NO 2, TSP and PM 10 on seven consecutive days. For this project, the Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station (JEMS), a subsidiary of the Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau and an authorized entity for conducting environmental monitoring,12 undertook baseline ambient air quality monitoring at two locations in the project area of influence from 22 to 28 June 2013. Figure IV.2 shows the monitoring locations (also showing baseline monitoring locations for noise, surface water quality, ground water quality, soil and Yudai River sediment quality).

138. Table IV.6 presents the monitoring results, indicating that on the days of monitoring, all parameters monitored at the two locations complied with GB-3095-1996 Class II standard. Both PM 10 and SO 2 were better than the lower limit of the EHS interim targets but slightly over the AQG standard.

12 In the PRC, only monitoring data collected by an authorized entity will be recognized by the environmental authority.

Figure IV.2: Map Showing Baseline Environmental Monitoring Locations

Table IV.6: Baseline Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results from 22-28 June 2013 Monitoring Location Daily Average Concentration (mg/m 3)

No. Location TSP PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 A1 Intersection of proposed Yangming West Road and 0.104-0.109 0.052-0.062 0.03-0.036 0.029-0.034 Bo’an Avenue A2 Laoyangjia Village 0.102-0.109 0.053-0.061 0.032-0.038 0.029-0.032 GB 3095-1996 Class II standard 0.300 0.150 0.150 0.120 WBG EHS standard Interim targets n/a 0.075-0.150 0.050-0.125 n/a AQG n/a 0.050 0.020 n/a Note: n/a = not available. Source: Project EIR.

139. Acoustic environment . Baseline noise monitoring for environmental impact assessment in the PRC generally consists of noise monitoring on two consecutive days, with noise measurements taken both during the daytime and at night on each day. For this project, JEMS undertook noise monitoring on 26 and 27 June, 2013 at 28 selected sensitive receptor locations (20 for the urban roads, and one at the Ji’an Railway Station Square) (see Figure IV.2).

140. Table IV.7 presents the monitoring results. Category 4a standards apply to those sensitive receptors near major roads. Since the urban roads have not been built and the sensitive receptors are in a rural setting, they were assigned Category 1 standards for their existing acoustic environment. However, for impact assessment of road noise after the roads are built and the Western City Development Area changes to an urban setting, their noise functional area category will be changed to Category 2 (or 4a if they are within 35 m of the roads).

141. Comparisons made with PRC’s GB 3096-2008 standards (which are as stringent as (for Category 1) or more stringent than [for Category 4a] the EHS standards) show that most exceedance occurred at night in Category 1 functional areas (because of more stringent night time noise standard) except at Shili Village and the Railway Station Square where day time exceedance also occurred. Night time exceedance was most serious at the Railway Station Square, with noise levels that were 8 dB(A) above the noise standard.

Table IV.7: Baseline Noise Monitoring Results from 26-27 June 2013 Noise Levels [dB(A)] according to Functional Area Category Monitoring Location Category 1 Category 4a Location relative to Day Time Nighttime Day Time Nighttime No. Location Proposed Road Day 1 Day 2 Day 1 Day 2 Day 1 Day 2 Day 1 Day 2 N1 Shihuling Junhua Avenue R 50m ------61.5 60.2 54.0 53.7 Ji’an City Drug N2 Rehabilitation Junhua Avenue R 70m 52.6 51.4 49.8 48.3 ------Institution Intersection of Junhua Planned residential N3 Avenue and Shaoshan ------61.5 60.2 54.0 53.7 community West Road N4 Dujiafang Village Junhua Avenue R 60m 47.3 46.2 42.0 41.3 ------Intersection of Zhongshan Planned residential N5 West Road and Junhua 50.6 50.4 43.9 42.7 ------community Avenue N6 Xiazhou Village Shaoshan West Road L 54.4 53.7 47.0 46.5 ------

Noise Levels [dB(A)] according to Functional Area Category Monitoring Location Category 1 Category 4a Location relative to Day Time Nighttime Day Time Nighttime No. Location Proposed Road Day 1 Day 2 Day 1 Day 2 Day 1 Day 2 Day 1 Day 2 70m Intersection of Shaoshan N7 Jiangbian Village West Road and Bo’an 52.0 51.2 46.1 45.7 ------Avenue Planned residential Yangming West Road R N8 48.4 47.5 42.0 41.5 ------community 60m Yangming West Road R N9 Dongtou Village 47.5 46.8 41.8 40.7 ------50m N10 Chengshang Village Bo’an Avenue R 40m 49.0 48.5 44.2 42.3 ------Intersection of Zhongshan N11 Luotang Village West Road and Bo’an 53.0 52.8 47.4 46.5 ------Avenue Zhongshan West Road R N12 Shili Village 57.3 56.2 50.0 49.3 ------60m Zhongshan West Road L N13 Village ------46.8 46.2 42.7 42.5 70m Jinggangshan N14 University Ji’an City Junhua Avenue R 30m ------53.9 52.6 48.7 47.8 Health College N15 Jiaojialing Village Junhua Avenue R 35m 45.1 44.7 42.3 41.8 ------N16 Laoyangjia Village Junhua Avenue R 35m ------48.4 48.2 45.6 44.3 Intersection of Jifu N17 Road and proposed Bo’an Avenue L 40m ------50.5 49.8 45.1 44.3 Bo’an Avenue Shaoshan West Road L N18 Wuli Village 49.0 48.3 42.8 42.5 ------30m Residential Shaoshan West Road L N19 ------56.3 55.2 51.0 50.8 community 30m Ji’an Siyuan Zhongshan West Road R N20 ------49.5 48.4 46.3 45.2 Experimental School 35m Railway Station N21 Railway Station Square ------70.2 69.3 63.8 62.7 Square GB 3096-2008 standard 55 45 70 55 WBG EHS standard 55 45 70 70 Note:

exceed GB & EHS standards exceed GB standard L = left R = right Source: Project EIR.

142. Hydrology and surface water quality . Rivers within the project area of influence include the Gan River, Luohu River, Yudai River and its tributary Jiangbian Stream, and the Heshui River.

143. The Gan River (or Ganjiang 13 ) is the major river flowing through Ji’an with a catchment area of 22,500 km 2 and water resource of 19.675 billion m 3 within Ji’an.

13 “Jiang” in Chinese means river. Therefore the name of the river should be either Gan River or Ganjiang, but not Ganjiang River.

144. The Luohu River is one of 28 tributaries in Ji’an flowing into the Gan River. It originates from the upstream of Guanxi reservoir in Xingqiao, and flows into Gan River at Luohu Bridge near Wenhuasi Temple in Jizhou District. It is 22.5 km long with a catchment area of 101.2 km 2. The terrain of the catchment area is hilly plain. The existing stream has many meanders. The banks are unprotected and garbage and waste often block the waterway. Its water surface width is 40-70 m, and riverbed width is 8-16 m, with a water depth of 6-7 m. Its average flow rate is 6.5 m 3/s.

145. Yudai River flows into the downstream section of the Luohu River. It has a catchment area of 39.3 km 2 and multi-year average water quantity of 43 million m 3. The existing riverbanks are very irregular, with the width varying and both sides of the embankment are naturally formed without any slope protection. The width of the stream is generally 10–20 meters; the annual average water channel is about 10 meters wide. The current designated water function for Yudai River is for irrigation use. Upon the development of the Western City, its water function will be changed to scenic use.

146. The Jiangbian Stream is a tributary of Yudai River with a catchment area of 10 km 2. The width of the stream is generally 2–4 meters, and the annual average water channel is about 2 m wide. Villages and farmlands are situated along the stream. There are two water-carrying weirs for irrigation.

147. The Heshui River is the largest tributary in the mid-stream section of the Gan River. It is 256 km long with a catchment area of 9,103 km 2.

148. Baseline surface water quality monitoring for environmental impact assessment in the PRC generally consists of water quality monitoring on three consecutive days. For this project, JEMS undertook measurements of pH, SS, permanganate index, BOD 5, NH 3-N, TPH, TP and volatile phenol at three locations on the Yudai River (see Figure IV.2) from 26 to 28 June 2013. Table IV.8 presents the monitoring results, indicating that on the days of monitoring and at the monitoring locations on the Yudai River, the parameters measured complied with GB 3838-2002 Category II water quality standards.

Table IV.8: Baseline Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results for Yudai River from 26-28 June 2013 Monitoring Surface Water Quality Parameter Concentration Location Monitoring Permanganate Volatile pH SS BOD5 NH 3-N TPH TP Date Index Phenol No. Location (no mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L unit)

2013.06.26 7.90 16 1.4 1.51 0.263 0.037 0.10 0.0015 Yudai River SW1 upstream 2013.06.27 7.86 15 1.3 1.36 0.223 0.037 0.08 0.0014 2013.06.28 7.92 14 1.3 1.31 0.242 0.038 0.11 0.0015 2013.06.26 7.45 18 1.5 1.73 0.235 0.034 0.07 0.0015 At Dongtou SW2 2013.06.27 7.40 17 1.6 1.49 0.208 0.033 0.06 0.0015 Village 2013.06.28 7.35 16 1.4 1.42 0.213 0.033 0.09 0.0015 2013.06.26 7.39 19 1.4 1.40 0.192 0.035 0.06 0.0015 At Wuli SW3 2013.06.27 7.41 18 1.2 1.26 0.180 0.036 0.07 0.0015 Village 2013.06.28 7.44 18 1.4 1.24 0.248 0.037 0.05 0.0014 GB 3838-2002 Category II standard 6-9 n/a ≤3 ≤4 ≤0.5 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.002

Notes: n/a = not available; pH = a measure of acidity and alkalinity, SS = suspended solids, BOD 5 = 5-day biochemical oxygen demand; NH 3-N = ammonia nitrogen, TPH = total petroleum hydrocarbon; TP = total phosphorus Source: Project EIR.

149. Soil and sediment quality . For this project, the JEMS collected soil samples from three locations (see Figure IV.2) on 26 June 2013 and Yudai River sediment samples from two locations (see Figure IV.2) on 26 June and 13 August 2013.

150. Table IV.9 presents the baseline soil quality monitoring results for the three locations, indicating compliance with GB 15618-1995 Class II standards for the parameters measured except pH. The sample collected at Maobei Village showed low pH, indicating acidic soil, and the project EIR attributed this to acid rain that has been occurring in Ji’an.

Table IV.9: Baseline Soil Monitoring Results from 26 June 2013 Monitoring Location Soil Quality Parameter Concentration pH Cd Cu Pb As No. Location (no unit) mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg A1 Maobei Village 4.81 0.28 32.8 30 13.2 A2 Xiazhou Village 7.23 0.28 18.3 90 22.58 A3 Baitang Village 7.15 0.25 13.0 12.5 10.88 GB 15618-1995 Class II < 6.5 ≤0.30 50 250 40 standard 6.5 – 7.5 0.30 100 300 30 Notes: pH = a measure of acidity and alkalinity; Cd = cadmium; Cu = copper; Pb = lead; As = arsenic Source: Project EIR.

151. Table IV.10 presents Yudai River baseline sediment monitoring results, indicating that based on the parameters measured, sediment quality at the two locations complied with GB 15618-1995 Class II standards, meaning suitability for land disposal of dredged sediment. The sediment also showed relatively low levels of nutrients (Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen).

Table IV.10: Yudai River Baseline Sediment Monitoring Results from 26 June and 13 August 2013 Monitoring Sediment Quality Parameter Concentration Location pH Ni Cd Cu Pb Zn As Hg TP TN Cr +6 Lindane DDT No. Location (no mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg unit) Dongtou 1 7.18 32.5 0.25 27.5 47.5 117.5 15.0 0.155 316 0.131 0.25 0.015 ≤0.0008 Village Zhoujiapi 2 7.34 45.0 0.28 34.3 65.0 132.5 16.7 0.135 458 0.153 0.16 L 0.103 ≤0.0008 Village GB 15618-1995 6.5- 50 0.3 100 300 250 30 0.50 n/a n/a n/a 0.50 0.50 Class II standard 7.5 Notes : pH = a measure of acidity and alkalinity, Ni = nickel; Cd = cadmium; Cu = copper; Pb = lead, Zn = zinc; As = arsenic; Hg = mercury; TP = total phosphorus; TN = total nitrogen; Cr +6 = hexavalent chromium; DDT = dichloro -diphenyl-trichloroethane Source: Project EIR.

D. Biological Resources, Ecology and Biodiversity

152. Vegetation . Table IV.1 above indicated that 40% of the 11.7 km 2 assessment area was farmland and woodland. Vegetation in the project area of influence (as defined in Table II.8) was investigated by specialists from JEPSRI for this project, based on field surveys and literature review. Table IV.11 shows the study results, indicating that the habitat types represented in the project area of influence, according to Flora of China 14 include warm climate coniferous woodland, broad leaf woodland, evergreen broad leaf woodland, bamboo woodland, shrubbery, shrub-grass land, as well as planted vegetation consisting of timber woodland, orchards, food crops and economic crops.

14 Flora of China. Published by the Science Publishing Company. ( www.floraofchina.org )

Table IV.11: Characterization of Vegetation Types in the Project Area of Influence Veg etation Group Vegetation Type Representative Species Associated Species Distribution Photo Coniferous Warm climate Masson’s Pine Pinus Liquidambar formosana Shihuling Village, Zhenjunshan woodland coniferous massoniana Castanea sequinii Pa rk, Tianhuashan Park, hill woodland Sapium sebiferum slope behind Pengxia Village Dalbergia hupeana Cinnamomum camphora Lagerstroemia indica Rosa laevigata Glochidion puberum Melia azedarach Vitex negundo Eurya loquiana Loropetalum chinense Boehmeria nivea Veronica polita Kalimeris indica Osmunda japonica Arthraxon hispidus 63

Veg etation Group Vegetation Type Representative Species Associated Species Distribution Photo Broad leaf Deciduous Chinaberry Melia Rubus corchorifolius Scattered in Dongtou woodland broad leaf azedarach Viburnum setigerum Village woodland llex cornuta Loropetalum chinense Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Vitex negundo Lygodium japonicum Trachelospermum jasminoides Galium aparine var. tenerum Carpesium abrotanoides Digitaria sanguinalis

Paper Mulberry Paliurus ramosissimus Scattered in Baitang Village and Broussonetia papyrifera Morus alba Shili Village Glochidion puberum Rubus lambertianus Itea chinensis Rosa cymosa Lindera aggregate Arthraxon hispidus Anemone hupehensis Arachniodes rhomboidea Themeda japonica Dicranopteris pedata Smilax sp.

Evergreen broad Camphor Tree Rhus chinensis Hill slope behind Pengxia leaf woodland Cinnamomum camphora Vitex negundo Village Symplocos sumuntia （N27 °7′38.6 ″E114 °57 ′ Sapium sebiferum 15.9 ″）。 Pteris multifida Lycoris radiate Miscanthus sinensis Dicranopteris pedata Imperata cylindrical Setaria viridis Lygodium japonicum Brassica rapa Paederia scandens Erigeron annuus Buxus harlandii Carpesium abrotanoides Bamboo woodland Phyllostachys viridis Trachycarpus martianus Near villages Vitex negundo Lindera glauca

Veg etation Group Vegetation Type Representative Species Associated Species Distribution Photo Glochidion puberum Miscanthus floridulus Nepeta cataria Setaria viridis Houttuynia cordata Perilla frutescens Water Bamboo Hill slopes and alongside Phyllostachys heteroclada ditches

Veg etation Group Vegetation Type Representative Species Associated Species Distribution Photo Shrubbery and Shrubbery Five-leaved Chaste Vitex Lindera glauca Mainly distributed on hill slopes shrub-grass land negundo Rubus leucanthus and alongside ditches. Mostly Glochidion puberum formed after t he cutting and Rosa cymosa removal of Masson’s Pine Dalbergia hupeana woodlands. Conyza canadensis Imperata cylindrica Erigeron annuus Justicia procumbens Setaria viridis Cynodon dactylon Arthraxon hispidus Carpesium abrotanoides Digitaria sanguinalis Senecio scandens Brassica sp. Artemisia annua Dendranthema indicum Grayblue Spicebush Rhus chinensis Ji’nan Village and also Lindera glauca Pyracantha fortuneana scattered in hilly areas Staphylea bumalda Vitex negundo Conyza Canadensis Erigeron annuus Arthraxon hispidus Cirsium japonicum

Chinese Sumac Rhus Glochidion puberum A common shrubbery in the chinensis Elaeagnus pungens project area of influence, with Vitex negundo relatively wide distribution on Imperata cylindrica hilly slopes. Arthraxon hispidus Digitaria sanguinalis Prunella vulgaris Chrysanthemum indicum Dicranopteris linearis Xanthium sibiricum

Elderflower Rose Rosa Scattered in hilly areas and cymosa roadside

Veg etation Group Vegetation Type Representative Species Associated Species Distribution Photo Shrub-grass land Cogon Grass Imperata Vitex negundo On barren land and along cylindrica Rhus chinensis earthen paths between Imperata cylindrica farmlands Eremochloa ophiuroides Cirsium japonicum Arthraxon hispidus

Veg etation Group Vegetation Type Representative Species Associated Species Distribution Photo Canadian Fleabane Cynodon dactylon Widely distributed grass in the Conyza canadensis Kummerowia striata project area of influence, on Polygonum orientale barren land and hilly slopes as Polygonum perfoliatum well as along earthen paths Rorippa indica between farmlands Digitaria sanguinalis Setaria viridis Artemisia annua Alternanthera philoxeroides

Bermuda Grass Cynodon Widely distributed in the project dactylon area of influence Phalaris arundinacea Along earthen paths between farmlands, and low-lying areas along the Yudai Riverbanks Siberian Setaria viridis Near villages on barren land Cocklebur Xanthium Salvia plebeian and alongside earthen paths sibiricum Arthraxon hispidus between farmlands Phalaris canariensis Pueraria lobata Kiss Me over the Garden Along pond edges Gate Polygonum orientale Dicranopteris pedata On barren land and roadside Economic woodland Timber woodland Slash Pine Pinus elliottii On hilly slopes Orchard Camellia oleifera , Citrus reticulate , Prunus persica, Ziziphus jujube 、Diospyros kaki , Prunus salicina , Prunus armeniaca Farmland Food crop Oryza sativa, Zea mays Economic crop Brassica rapa 、Gossypium spp 、Sesamum indicum 、Arachis hypogaea Source: Project EIR.

153. These vegetation types were dominated by common plant species, with only the Camphor Tree ( Cinnamomum camphora ) being a protected species (national Class II protection).15 Camphor Tree colonies were found to be among the dominant species in the evergreen broad leaf woodlands in the project area of influence. Camphor trees are commonly and widely planted in PRC cities for urban landscaping and greening. The Catalogue of Life China 2013 describes Camphor Trees as widely distributed in southern and southwestern PRC. Old and/or wild camphor trees could be deemed as physical cultural resources and those within the project area of influence worthy of protection are described in the section on Physical Cultural Resources later in this chapter.

154. Amphibians, reptiles and mammals. These were investigated by specialists from JEPSRI in September 2013 for this project, based on field surveys, interviews with local specialists and literature review. Table IV.12 lists the amphibians recorded in the project area of influence and their protection status, including national, provincial and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) protection status.16 Table IV.12 shows that six species of toads and frogs have been recorded in the project area of influence. Two species, the Zhoushan Toad and the Black-spotted Pond Frog are on the provincial protection list. None of the species are under national or IUCN protection status.

Table IV.12: Amphibians Recorded in the Project Area of Influence Relative Data Source Protection Status Scientific Name Common Name Abundanc Field Literature PRC IUCN e Survey Bufonidae 蟾蜍科 (true toads) Bufo gargarizans Zhoushan Toad 中华蟾蜍 +++ √ P Microhylidae 姬蛙科 (narrow-mouthed frogs) Microhyla ornata Ornamented Pygmy Frog 饰纹姬蛙 + √ Microhyla pulchra Beautiful Pygmy Frog 花姬蛙 + √ Ranidae 蛙科 (true frogs) Fejervarya limnocharis Asian Grass Frog 泽陆蛙 +++ √ Hylarana guentheri Gunther's Amoy Frog 沼水蛙 ++ √ Pelophylax nigromaculatus Black-spotted Pond Frog 黑斑蛙 +++ √ P Note ：P = provincial. Source: Project EIR.

155. Table IV.13 lists the reptile species recorded in the project area of influence. Of the ten species recorded, four species of snakes are under provincial protection. None of the species are under national or IUCN protection status.

15 The national protection status, which is divided into Class I and Class II, is based on the List of Wild Flora under Nationally Emphasized Protection – First Batch and its revision. 16 The IUCN red list classifies threatened status into 6 categories (other than Extinct) in descending order of protection importance: Extinct in the Wild (EW), Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT) and Least Concern (LC). Those that are EW, CR, EN and VU are deemed by IUCN to warrant protection.

Table IV.13: Reptiles Recorded in the Project Area of Influence Protection Data Source Relative Status Scientific Name Common Name Abundance Field Literature / PRC IUCN Survey interview Serpentes 蛇目蛇目 (snakes) Deinagkistrodon acutus Sharp Nosed Viper 尖吻蝮 + both P Dinodon rufozonatum Red-banded Snake 赤练蛇 + interview Enhydris chinensis Chinese Water Snake 中国水蛇 + interview Elaphe carinata King Ratsnake 王锦蛇 ++ both P Elaphe taeniura Beauty Ratsnake 黑眉锦蛇 + literature P Zaocys dhumnades Black-striped Snake 乌梢蛇 ++ √ P Squamata 有鳞目 (scaled reptiles) Eumeces chinensis Chinese Skink 中国石龙子 ++ literature Gekko japonicus Japanese Gecko 多疣壁虎 ++ both Lygosoma indicum Writhing Skink 蝘蜓 ++ literature Takydromus septentrionalis Northern Grass Lizard 北草蜥 + literature Note: P = provincial. Source: Project EIR.

156. Table IV.14 lists the mammal species recorded in the project area of influence. Of the eight mammal species recorded, the Siberian Weasel is under provincial protection. None of the species are under national or IUCN protection status.

Table IV.14: Mammals Recorded in the Project area of Influence Protection Relative Data Source Status Scientific Name Common Name Abundanc Field Literature e PRC IUCN Survey / interview Carnivora 食肉目 (meat eating) Mustela sibirica Siberian Weasel 黄鼬 ++ interview P Chiroptera 翼手目 (bats) Pipistrellus abramus Japanese Pipistrelle 东亚伏翼 ++ literature Vespertilio orientalis Orienteal Frosted Bat 东方伏翼 ++ literature Lagomorpha 兔形目 (hares and rabbits) Lepus sinensis Chinese Hare 华南兔 ++ both Rodentia 啮齿目 (rodents) Apodemus agrarius Striped Field Mouse 黑线姬鼠 ++ literature Mus musculus House Mouse 小家鼠 +++ both Rattus norvegicus Brown Rat 褐家鼠 +++ both Rattus tanezumi Asian House Rat 黄胸鼠 +++ literature Note: P = provincial Source: Project EIR

157. Birds. Birds were investigated by specialists from JEPSRI in September 2013 for this project, based on field surveys and literature review. Table IV.15 shows that 34 bird species have been recorded in the project area of influence. Of these, over half (53%) were resident species, with winter and summer migrants each accounting for 24% of the number of species. Sixteen species are on the provincial protection list, but none are on the national protection list. One species, the Yellow-breasted Bunting, was recently upgraded from Vulnerable to Endangered by the IUCN because it has undergone a very rapid population decline owing

mainly to trapping on wintering grounds.17 This species is locally abundant. Catalogue of Life China 2013 states that the Yellow-breasted Bunting is distributed in Jilin, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Hunan, Liaoning, Shandong, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Macau, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Henan, Qinghai, Hebei, Gansu, Anhui, Yunnan, Hong Kong, Guizhou, Beijing, Hainan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Chongqing.

Table IV.15: Birds Recorded in the Project Area of Influence Seasonal Type Data Source Protection Relative Status Scientific Name Common Name Abundance Field R W S P Literature PRC IUCN Survey Podiciediformes Grebes 目 Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe 小 ++ √ √ P Ciconiformes 鹳形目 Ardeola bacchus Chinese Pond Heron 池鹭 +++ √ √ P Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret 牛背鹭 +++ √ √ P Egretta garzetta Little Egret 小白鹭 +++ √ √ P Anseriformes 雁形目 Mergus merganser Goosander 普通秋沙鸭 ++ √ √ P Gruiformes 鹤形目 Amaurornis pheonicurus White-breasted Waterhen 白胸苦恶鸟 ++ √ √ Charadriiformes 鸻形目 Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank 青脚鹬 + √ √ Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper 白腰草鹬 ++ √ √ Columbiformes 鸽形目 Sterna chinensis Spot-necked Dove 珠颈斑鸠 ++ √ √ Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle Dove 山斑鸠 ++ √ √ P Cuculiformes 鹃形目 Cuculus micropterus Short-winged Cuckoo 四声杜鹃 ++ √ √ P Coraciiformes 佛法僧目 Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher 普通翠鸟 ++ √ √ Ceryle rudis Lesser Pied Kingfisher 斑鱼狗 ++ √ √ Upupiformes 戴胜目 Upupa epops Eurasian Hoopoe 戴胜 ++ √ √ P Passeriformes 雀形目 Acridotheres cristaltellus Crested Myna 普通八哥 ++ √ √ Alauda arvensis Eurasian Skylark 云雀 + √ √ Anthus spinoletta Water Pipit 水鹨 + √ √ Carduelis sinica Grey-capped Greenfinch 金翅雀 + √ √ Corvus corone Carrion Crow 小嘴乌鸦 + √ √ Cyanopica cyana Grey Tree Magpie 灰喜鹊 + √ √ P Dicrurus marcocercus Black Drongo 黑卷尾 ++ √ √ P Emberiza aureola Yellow-breasted Bunting 黄胸鹀 + √ √ √ EN Emberiza spodocephala Black-faced Bunting 灰头鹀 + √ √ Garrulax canorus Chinese Hwamei 画眉 ++ √ √ P Hirundo daurica Red-rumped Swallow 金腰燕 ++ √ √ P Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow 家燕 +++ √ √ P Lanius schach Rufous-backed Shrike 棕背伯劳 + √ √ P Motacilla alba White Wagtail 白鹡鸰 + √ √

17 http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=8954

Seasonal Type Data Source Protection Relative Status Scientific Name Common Name Abundance Field R W S P Literature PRC IUCN Survey Parus major Great Tit 大山雀 ++ √ √ P Passer montanus Eurasian Tree Sparrow 麻雀 ++ √ √ Pica Black-billed Magpie 喜鹊 ++ √ √ P Pycnonotus sinensis Chinese Bulbul 白头鹎 ++ √ √ Sturnus nigricollis Black-collared Starling 黑领椋鸟 ++ √ √ Turdus merula Eurasian Blackbird 乌鸫 ++ √ √ Seasonal Type: R = resident; W = winter migrant; S = summer migrant; P = passing migrant; Protection Status: P = provincial EN = Endangered . Source: Project EIR .

158. A wetland ecologist was appointed by ADB to carry out a more detailed study to inform the landscape proposals for the river rehabilitation and riverside park. This study identified some additional bird species to those listed in Table IV.15 that may be found in the wider project area. The data from Suichuan Bird Banding Station (100km from project area) includes three species, Fairy Pitta ( Pitta nympha), Black-throated robin ( Poecilodryas albonotata ) and Brown- chested jungle flycatcher ( Rhinomyias brunneatus ), that are listed as vulnerable by IUCN. The Fairy Pitta and six additional species, Spotted scops owl ( Otus spilocephalus ), Collared scops owl ( Otus lettia ), Oriental scops owl ( Otus sunia ), Collared pygmy owl ( Glaucidium brodiei ), Cuckoo owl ( Speotyto cunicularia ) and Brown Hawk Owl ( Ninox scutulata ) have class II national protection. The revised landscaping proposals incorporate woodland, shrub, grassland, wet meadow, deep and shallow marshes and aquatic habitats to take account of habitat requirements of the species of conservation value that have been identified in the wider project area.

159. Aquatic biota . The project EIR describes the aquatic vascular plants in the project area of influence were dominated by Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera ), Common Reed ( Phragmites australis ), Bullrush ( Typha orientalis ), Water Caltrop ( Trapa natans ), Alligator Weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides ), Tape Grass ( Vallisneria natans ) ， Three-leaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria trifolia )， Common Duckweed ( Lemna minor ) and Greater Duckweed ( Spirodela polyrhiza ). None of these are under IUCN protection status. The Lotus is under national Class II protection. The Catalogue of Life China 2013 describes the Lotus as occurring “all throughout the country.”

160. The EIR recorded 28 species of phytoplankton and 27 species of zooplankton in the project area of influence. Phytoplankton species were dominated by green algae (Chlorophyta) with 12 species and diatoms (Bacillariophyta) with 11 species. Zooplankton species were dominated by protozoa, rotifers, cladocerans and copepods.

161. Benthic organisms were dominated by annelid worms and chironomid larvae, snails such as Cipangopaludina cahayensis and Bellamya quadrata, and clams and mussels such as Limnoperna lacustris , Hyriopsis cumingii , Unio douglasiae and Corbicula largillierti .

162. Fish species in the project area of influence, were identified based on interviews with local specialists and literature review. These comprised 26 common and cultured species dominated by the carp family (carps, minnows and loaches) with 20 species. Cultured species include the Black Carp ( Mylopharyngodon piceus ), Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ), Bighead Carp ( Aristichthys nobilis), Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ), Goldfish

(Carassius auratus ), and White Bream ( Parabramis pekinensis ). None of the species are under any protection status.

163. Protected area . There are no protected areas, fish spawning ground, concentrated bird feeding and wintering grounds, wetlands of importance and nature reserves within the project area of influence.

E. Socio-economic Conditions

164. Information on the socio-economic profile of Ji’an is based on the Social and Poverty Assessment Report prepared by the PPTA consultant.

165. Demographic profile . The Ji’an urban area is comprised of Jizhou District, Qingyuan District and Ji’an County. The project sites for the urban roads and Yudai River rehabilitation in the Western City Development Area are located in Jizhou District. Table IV.16 summarizes and compares the demographic profiles of Jizhou and Qingyang Districts, Ji’an City, and Jiangxi Province, with national profiles included for reference.

Table IV.16: Demographic Profiles in 2011 Density Administrative Unit Area (km 2) Population Male Female Urbanization (population/km 2) Jizhou District 425 343,200 808 51.2% 48.8% 61.1% Qingyuan District 916 207,400 226 52.6% 47.4% 18.2% Ji’an City 25,283 5,015,600 198 52.5% 47.5% 22.4% Jiangxi Province 166,900 44,884,400 269 51.5% 47.5% 26.8% PRC 9,600,000 1,354,040,000 141 51.3% 48.7% Source: Social and Poverty Assessment Report, PPTA consultant.

166. Ji’an had a population of 5.01 million by the end of 2011, which accounted for 11% of the population in Jiangxi Province. Populations in Jizhou and Qingyuan Districts accounted for 6.8% and 4.1% of the population in Ji’an. Poverty population was estimated at 6.78% for Jizhou District and 7.8% in Qingyuan District, compared to 13.88% for Ji’an City.

167. Economic profile . Table IV.17 summarizes and compares the 2011 economic profiles of Jizhou District, Ji’an City and Jiangxi Province, with the national profile also included for reference. The gross domestic product (GDP) of Jizhou District was approximately 9% of that of Ji’an City, dominated by the tertiary sector. The GDP for Qingyuan District was approximately 6.1% of that of Ji’an City but dominated by the secondary sector. Ji’an City’s GDP was approximately 7.7% of that of Jiangxi Province, dominated by the secondary sector. GDP per capita in both Jizhou and Qingyan Districts were higher than the Ji’an City average, with Jizhou District lower and Qingyuan District higher than the provincial average. The urban per capita disposable income was similar among the four, while Jizhou District had the highest rural per capita net income among the four which was 13% higher than the provincial average.

Table IV.17: Economic Profiles in 2011 Ur ban GDP % composition by Sector Rural GDP GDP per per Capita Administrative Unit per Capita (billion) capita Disposable Primary Secondary Tertiary Net Income Income Jizhou District $1.466 9.4% 38.3% 52.3% $4,272 $3,279 $1,441 Qingyuan District $1,002 11.7% 61.0% 27.3% $4,829 $3,279 $1,169 Ji’an City $16.388 18.0% 51.7% 30.3% $3,268 $3,279 $1,157 Jiangxi Province $210.888 11.7% 53.8% 34.5% $4,699 $3,235 $1,275 PRC $8,458.000 4.3% 42.5% 39.2% $6,247 $4,001 $1,289 Source: Social and Poverty Assessment Report, PPTA consultant.

168. Traffic conditions. Ji’an is situated along the north-south trunk corridor connecting Beijing to Hong Kong, which is a significant corridor linking the coastal area and the more developed area of southern PRC. Ji’an is also the gateway to the inland, connecting Yangtze River Delta in the north and Minjiang Delta in the east. Within the region, the north-south corridors include Beijing–Kowloon Railway, Daguang Expressway and National Highway G105; while the east-west corridors include the Quannan Expressway and National Highway G319. The existing Jing-Jiu Railway (Beijing–Kowloon, Hong Kong) and G45 Expressway (Daqing– Guangzhou) have formed the backbone of the regional transport network in Ji’an Municipality.

169. Jizhou and Qingyuan Districts are connected by three river crossing bridges, namely Ji’an Bridge, Jinggangshan Bridge and Ganjiang Bridge. The road network in the old city area in Jizhou District has historically developed alongside the Gan River. The existing road network in the urban area consists of three main horizontal and five main vertical trunk roads, forming a grid pattern. The three main east-west corridors are Daqiao Road at Jianggangshan Bridge, Yangming West Road at Ji’an Bridge and Ji’an South Road at Ganjiang Bridge; the five north- south corridors are Jinggangshan Road, Jizhou Road, Binjiang (Riverside) Roads, and Qingyuan Road.

170. An incomplete road network has impeded the further development of the city due to reduced connectivity, and the existing urban area in Ji’an lacks the capacity to meet further development need. The number of registered vehicles in Jizhou District, Qingyuan District, and Ji’an County is steadily increasing over the last decade. In 2012, there were approximately 180,000 vehicles of which 17% were private cars and more than 70% motorcycles. Electric powered motorcycles locally known as e-bikes are not included in these statistics as they have not been regulated until recently. Regulation on e-bikes, however, has now been introduced and e-bikes have to register with the Traffic Police. The increase of vehicle ownership is increasing urban congestion. The Traffic Police claim that the average travel speed decreased from about 40 km per hour to 30 km per hour in recent years, and now some intersections in city center are chronically congested during peak hours.

171. Road safety . Annual traffic accidents data for Ji’an (2008–2012) indicates a reduction in number of accidents and injuries since 2008, with a small increase between 2011 and 2012. Fatalities have remained fairly consistent in recent years. Figure IV.3, extracted from the PPTA consultant’s draft Road Safety Report, shows the traffic accident trend from 2008 to 2012.

Figure IV.3: Annual Traffic Accidents in Ji’an from 2008 to 2012

F. Physical Cultural Resources

172. Literature review and field inspection by JEPSRI identified nine old camphor trees within the project area of influence that meet the SPS (2009) description of physical cultural resources. These nine camphor trees were found at 3 locations as shown in Table IV.18. They are all more than 100 years old, and none of them have been tagged. The seven trees in Laoyangjia Village would be located on the proposed Junhua Avenue alignment.

Table IV.18: Locations of Old Camphor Trees in the Urban Roads Project Area of Influence Coordinates Relative to Road Location Remark Photo Latitude Longitude Alignment

No. of trees: one Huling Village Age: ≈ 120 years in Changtang 30 m from the 27 °8′49.2 114 °59 ′2.9 ″ Town proposed Junhua Height: 11 m ″N 吉安市吉州区长 E Avenue Trunk width: 102 cm Condition: good 塘镇虎岭村 Tree tag: no ne

No. of trees: one Pengxia Village ≈ in Baitang 150 m from the Age: 150 years Township proposed Height: 12 m 吉安市吉州区白 Zhongshan West Trunk wid th: 120 cm Road Condition: good 塘乡棚下村 Tree tag: none

Laoyangjia Village in Hebu 27 °5′36.9 114 °56 ′23.7 On the proposed No. of trees: seven Town ship alignment of Junhua scattered in the village ″N ″E 吉安市吉州区禾 Avenue Age: > 100 years 埠乡老杨家村

Source: Project EIR .

173. Camphor Tree ( Cinnamomum camphora ) is under national (Class II) protection. In addition to the above old camphor trees that are deemed to have physical cultural resource significance, the EIR recorded distribution of camphor trees at the locations shown in Figure IV.4, which warrant protection although they are not classified as old trees.

Figure IV.4: Distribution of Camphor Trees on or Near Proposed Urban Road Alignments

10 camphor trees in Laoyangjia Village on the proposed Group of camphor trees in Pengxia Village near the Junhua Avenue alignment proposed Zhongshan West Road alignment

5 camphor trees on the hilly slope behind Pengxia Village on the proposed Yangming West Road alignment

G. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change

174. To combat climate change, Jiangxi Province established the Climate Change Monitoring and Assessment Center in 2009, headed by the Jiangxi Weather Center. In 2010, a Jiangxi Climate Change Expert Panel was established, and was under the management of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission.

175. In 2013, the Jiangxi Provincial Development and Reform Commission published a 12 th FYP for dealing with climate change in the province. The plan indicated that Jiangxi emitted 260 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in 2009, with the burning of fossil fuels accounted for 67% and industrial emissions 23%. Climate change mitigation mainly focused on energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions. Climate change adaption was broadly discussed, with focus on agriculture, forestry, water resources and Poyang Lake. The plan had little discussion of the transport sector, only proposed actions on the acceleration of eliminating old trains, cars and trucks; and the establishment of an energy saving census system in the transport sector.

176. A climate risk and vulnerability analyses study was carried out to assess the vulnerability of the project to future climate change impacts. The project area is at risk from increased intensity and frequency of heavy rainfall events and flood. The study recommended that the detailed design considers adoption of higher factors of safety as the basis of design to ensure that the project is more resilient to projected future climate change impacts. A detailed report is included in Appendix 3.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits

177. Beneficiaries . The project will provide a step-change in urban public transport development in Ji’an. A more comprehensive, higher quality public transport system will link the new railway station and development area with the existing railway station in the existing urban center. This will bring accessibility, and connectivity benefits, as well as travel time savings, congestion relief, improved safety and NMT provision. This project will directly benefit a population of 550,600 residing in the Jizhou and Qingyuan Districts. The five proposed urban roads and Yudai River rehabilitation will directly benefit a projected population of 300,000 in the Western City Development Area.

178. Urban roads . The five proposed urban roads in the Western City Development Area provide important road links to the high-speed railway station and the central urban area in Ji’an. These roads will facilitate socio-economic development in the Western City Development Area.

179. Yudai River rehabilitation . The proposed river rehabilitation project will improve the flood storage capacity of the inner urban area at the river reach and create a riverside park and promenade improving the quality of the urban environment. The adoption of soft engineered methods for bank protection and selection of appropriate species for landscaping will ensure that wetland habitats are maintained.

180. Furthermore, the improved river is expected to create a more attractive environment for the city, improving quality of life whilst maintaining natural ecological systems and functions. The design concept is developed around the theme of a people-centered, low-carbon-sustainable development. This component would benefit the promotion of the image of the city as well as the land value. As the proposed area is strategically located in front of the planned high-speed railway station, there will be a synergy of benefits between the project components and the social and economic development of the city.

B. Impacts Associated with Project Location, Planning and Design

181. The project urban road and the rehabilitation of Yudai River will result in temporary and permanent land take.

182. Land will be used temporarily for staging construction works or for the storage and disposal of excavated spoil to be later restored. The SWCR estimated that for the urban roads and Yudai River rehabilitation the temporary land take area would total 31.64 ha, consisting of construction staging areas (11.21 ha), haul roads (5.18 ha), borrow area (8.13 ha), and spoil disposal area (7.12 ha).18

183. The Project will result in permanent loss of 210 ha of land (Table V.1 ), with 51% by Yudai River rehabilitation and 49% by the five urban roads. Farmland and woodland in the

18 Spoil disposal area will not be specifically established for this project, but will be a site designated by the Ji’an Cityscape Management Department for the storage, disposal and re-use of excavated materials from development projects in Ji’an.

permanent land take areas would total approximately 140 ha, which would account for approximately 29% of the farmland and woodland areas in the 11.7 km 2 assessment area within the Western City Development Area (see Table IV.1). Man-made ponds and ditches account for approximately 7% of land take.

184. Approximately 20 ha of woodland will be permanently lost. As described in Chapter IV, the woodlands are dominated by common species of trees, shrubs and grassland. None of the habitats or associated species are protected except the Camphor Tree, which are representative species of broad-leaf evergreen woodland and which has national (Class II) protection, and some mature camphor trees are also deemed of physical cultural resource significance. The design of urban road alignments must avoid these trees. The design of urban roads and the riverside park must incorporate appropriate drainage and discharge options to minimize pollution impacts from surface run-off.

185. The creation of the riverside park presents an opportunity to create new wetland and woodland habitats. During the development of the preliminary design, a wetland ecologist was appointed by ADB to work with the Design Institute to review and strengthen the landscape proposals for the riverside park and river rehabilitation works. The proposals now integrate more of the existing habitat and landscape features and create more new habitats of ecological value for local flora and fauna and of benefit for water quality. . The draft technical report is included in Appendix 2. The final technical report will be produced after completion of detailed design in early 2015

Table V.1: Permanent Land Take Areas Item Land Type and Area (in ha)

Total Component Road Section Area (ha) Site Site Land Land Pond Pond Ditch Road Owned Owned Plantation Plantation Woodland Grave Site Site Grave Residential Residential Paddy Field Field Paddy Government Dry Cultivated Cultivated Dry

Urban Roads Junhua Avenue Jixiang West Road – Ji’an Avenue 12.500 3.137 0.053 2.943 3.169 0.162 0 3.800 0.382 22.586 48.731 Bo’an Avenue Jifu Road – Shaoshan West Road 6.356 0.838 0 2.040 1.113 0.087 0 1.928 0.212 0.181 12.755 Shaoshan West Road Jizhou Avenue – Bo’an Avenue 5.659 0.928 0 0.877 0.575 0.180 0 1.347 0.038 1.876 11.479 Yangming West Road Jizhou Avenue – Junhua Avenue 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.385 5.385 Junhua Avenue – Bo’an Avenue 4.662 3.047 0 1.355 0.770 0.107 0 0.495 0.164 0.405 11.004 Zhongshan West Road Jizhou Avenue – Bo’an Avenue 2.266 1.104 0 2.566 0.418 0.003 0 1.267 0.092 5.230 12.945 BRT* Railway Station - Bo’an Avenue 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yudai River 73.929 5.072 0.219 10.483 4.521 3.784 0.198 1.257 1.787 6.884 108.133 Total: 105.372 14.126 0.272 20.264 10.566 4.322 0.198 10.093 2.675 42.547 210.434 Percentage of total: 50.1% 6.7% 0.1% 9.6% 5.0% 2.1% 0.1% 4.8% 1.3% 20.2% 100% Note: The grave sites are not considered physical cultural resources and are addressed in the Resettlement Plan. * BRT component was removed from the project scope.

82 C. Measures during Detailed Design and Pre-construction

186. Measures during detailed design. The following environmental measures will permanently become part of the infrastructure and need to be included in the detailed design of facilities by the design institutes:

i. Technical design of roads must ensure public health and safety, promote non-motorized traffic, and incorporate universal design principles (usable by people with diverse abilities). ii. Technical design of the road subgrade, pavement, road-side slopes, bridge structures and drainage system must consider adaptive measures to climate change such as increase in temperature and precipitation, and intensity and frequency of extreme weather events; iii. Technical design of urban road alignments must avoid the old camphor trees at the three locations shown in Table IV.18 of this EIA. iv. Technical design of urban road alignments must first endeavor to avoid camphor trees at locations shown in Figure IV.4 of this EIA. Where avoidance is not possible, transplant schemes for these trees must be detailed during the design stage. v. Technical design of the flood control function of Yudai River must take into consideration extreme storm events due to climate change. vi. Technical design of road drainage to ensure that drainage design and discharge locations minimize risk of pollution of rivers and waterbodies. Need for pollution interceptors and treatment should be considered. vii. Technical design of embankments on the Yudai River must be adequate and stable enough to withstand the strong force of heavy storm water flow but at the same time maximize the adoption of eco-friendly soft engineered embankment designs. viii. Design of the riverside park to retain and incorporate natural habitat features where possible, where not possible, compensate through creation of new habitats. Ecologist to review and provide specialist inputs into the detailed design of the riverside park. ix. Design of the riverside park to ensure adequate provision of waste management facilities away from the river that provides options for waste segregation, recycling and reuse. x. Design of the riverside park to provide drainage for car park and other areas of hard standing and ensure that attenuation and discharge points are appropriate. xi. Specify species that are in keeping with local environment and are of local provenance. xii. Specify energy efficient lighting and cooling/heating systems xiii. Specify materials that are recycled, have recycled content or are from sustainable sources, particularly for street furniture and fixtures/fittings.

187. Measures during pre-construction . A number of environmental management measures will be implemented in the pre-construction phase to ensure project’s environment management readiness. These include:

i. Institutional strengthening: including (a) appointment of one qualified environment specialist within the JPMO; (b) hiring of loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC) within loan implementation consultant (LIC) services by the JPMO; (c) contracting of environmental monitoring station by JPMO to conduct environment quality monitoring; and (d) contracting of external environmental supervision engineer (ESE) by JPMO to conduct independent monitoring and verification of EMP implementation.

ii. Updating the EMP: Mitigation measures defined in this EMP will be updated based on final technical design. This will be the responsibility of the JPMO, using the local design institute and/or the LIEC. iii. Land-take confirmation: The Resettlement Plan will be updated with final inventory. This will be the responsibility of JMUCIDC, using the local design institute. iv. Contract documents: Environmental issues can potentially arise if the bidding documents are prepared without access to or use of this project EIA, particularly the EMP. As such, no bid documents will be prepared without the authors having incorporated a copy of the EMP (translated into Chinese), which shall be included in the safeguard clauses of the Technical Specifications in the contracts. This will be the responsibility of the JPMO with the support of the tender agent. v. Contractors’ method statements. Contractors shall prepare method statements for implementation of mitigation measures on construction sites. These method statements shall be submitted to the ESE and the LIEC for review and approval. vi. Environmental protection training: The loan implementation consultant services (mainly but not exclusively through the LIEC) will provide training on implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to contractors, the JPMO and JMUCIDC.

D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Stage

188. Impact screening. Potential impacts during road construction will include air quality, noise, water quality, solid waste and occupational health and safety. Potential air quality impacts could occur due to fugitive dust generated on the construction site from stockpiles of uncovered earth materials and vehicles travelling on unpaved haul roads; as well as fumes from asphalt mixing plants. The use of powered mechanical equipment (PME) during construction activities will generate noise. Construction activities will generate process wastewater and construction workers will produce wastewater. Construction works will produce construction and demolition (C&D) wastes including excavated earth materials. Workers will face occupational health and safety issues working on construction sites, such as during road paving when workers are near the asphalt mixing plant and exposed to fumes from the plant. These potential impacts are assessed and addressed below. Land contamination would not be an issue in this project since there has been no industrial activity within the construction footprint of the project roads.

189. The rehabilitation of Yudai River will involve dredging and embankment works. These activities will affect water quality, natural hydrological regimes and channel and bankside habitats and species. The storage and/or disposal of dredged sediment might cause secondary pollution at the storage/disposal sites depending on the sediment quality.

1. Impacts and Mitigation Measures on Physical Resources

190. Air Quality. Main air pollutants during the construction stage in this project include (i) fugitive emissions of dust during earth works, (ii) fumes from asphalt mixing during road paving and exhaust from movements of construction vehicles and machinery, and (iii) odor during dredging, transport and disposal of Yudai River sediment.

191. Based on testing results from similar road projects, the project EIR predicted that fugitive dust impact from the mixing of road sub-grade and paving materials, including asphalt, would be confined to within 300 m downwind of the mixing activities, and ambient air quality Class II standard would be achieved beyond 300 m. Fugitive dust during earth works, on haul roads and from uncovered stockpiles was estimated to affect a downwind area of up to 50 m. Of the 32

84 sensitive receptors near the urban road alignments, 16 are located within 50 m of the alignments (see Table IV.2). Mitigation measures will be needed to suppress fugitive dust emission.

192. Asphalt paving will produce fumes containing small quantities of toxic and hazardous chemicals such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Concrete batching for bridge structures will produce TSP. Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996) controls the emission of air pollutants from these activities. Asphalt fumes generated during road paving would be considerably less than fumes generated during mixing, and once the paved asphalt is cooled to <82o C, asphalt fumes would be reduced substantially and then totally when the asphalt is solidified. The impact from asphalt fumes during road paving is therefore of short duration. However, asphalt fumes could affect construction workers doing the road paving and personal protective equipment is needed for their occupational health and safety.

193. Odors emitted during sediment dredging, transportation and treatment could impact the surrounding environment. Odor intensity is classified based on odor threshold values. Odor intensity is classified into six levels based on international practice. The limitation criteria are generally equivalent to class 2.5-3.5 of odor intensity. Based on these criteria, the project EIR predicted that the odor impact area would be confined to within 30 m downwind of the odor source, such as the dredged sediment disposal site. There will not be any permanent dredged sediment disposal site for this project. The dredged sediment, which was shown based on baseline monitoring data to be uncontaminated, would be stored temporarily in low lying areas along the banks of Yudai River, then used for landscaping along Yudai River in this project. Of the six sensitive receptors identified for the Yudai River rehabilitation, none are located within 30 m of the river (see Table IV.4). The nearest one is 70 m from the river. No odor impact to these sensitive receptors during dredging and temporary storage of dredged sediment is expected.

194. The Contractor shall include all necessary mitigation measures to reduce air pollution and dust and odor development that would impact public health, by implementing the following air quality control measures. Some of these measures are generic measures that are applicable to all construction sites and construction activities. Yet these are effective measures and are also described in WBG’s EHS guidelines.

 Provide dust masks to operating personnel;  Spray water regularly on hauling and access roads(at least once a day) to suppress dust; and erect boarding around dusty activities;  Minimize the storage time of construction and demolition wastes on site by regularly removing them off site;  Equip asphalt, hot mix and batching plants with fabric filters and/or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. Additionally, site asphalt mixing stations at least 300 meters downwind of the nearest residential household;  Mount protective canvasses on all trucks which transport material that could generate dust;  Build access and hauling roads at sufficient distances from residential areas, particular, from local schools and hospitals;  Assign haulage routes and schedules to avoid transport occurring in the central areas, traffic intensive areas or residential areas. For the areas with high demand on environmental quality, transport should be arranged at night.  Keep construction vehicles and machinery in good working order, regularly service and

turn off engines when not in use;  Vehicles with an open load-carrying case, which transport potentially dust-producing materials, shall have proper fitting sides and tail boards. Dust-prone materials shall not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall always be covered with a strong tarpaulin;  Install wheel washing equipment or conduct wheel washing manually at each exit of the works area to prevent trucks from carrying muddy or dusty substance onto public roads;  In periods of high wind, dust-generating operations shall not be permitted within 200 m of residential areas. Special precautions need to be applied in the vicinity of sensitive areas such as schools, kindergartens and hospitals;  Equip material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment with dust shrouds. For the earthwork management for backfill, measures will include surface press and periodical spraying and covering. The extra earth or dreg should be cleared from the project site in time to avoid long term stockpiling. The height of stockpiles should be less than 0.7m;  To avoid odor impacts caused by channel cleaning, prior to dredging, transport the removed trash quickly to the local landfill. Transport of dredged sediments will be undertaken in closed tank wagons to prevent scattering along the way and impacting the urban area;  Site temporary dredged sediment storage locations at least 50 m downwind of the nearest residential household;  Unauthorized burning of construction and demolition waste material and refuse shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding of payment.

195. These measures are defined in the EMP. Contractors will be required to ensure compliance with relevant PRC emission standards. Air quality monitoring will be carried out by contractors (internal) and a licensed environmental monitoring entity (external) during the construction period.

196. The air quality impacts during the construction stage would be of short duration. Road construction and river dredging are linear activities. When a road section is constructed and paved, or a river section is dredged, the construction and dredging activities move on and away from nearby sensitive receptors. Potential sensitive receptors will therefore be exposed to short term, localized impacts. With the above mitigation measures in place, potential air quality impacts during the construction stage would be reduced to acceptable levels.

197. Noise . Noise is emitted by PME used during construction. Based on the cumulative power levels of PMEs used for different construction activities, the project EIR predicted that noise impact from both road construction and river dredging would affect a distance of 60 m in the day time (based on 70 dB(A) according to GB 12523-2001) and a distance of 200 m at night (based on 55 dB(A) according to GB 12523-2001) from the noise source. Of the 32 noise sensitive receptors identified (see Table IV.3) for the urban roads, 21 would be within 60 m of the proposed road alignments and would be affected by construction noise. Noise mitigation measures will be required and no nighttime construction shall be allowed. Contractors will be required to implement the following mitigation measures for construction activities to meet PRC construction site and WBG recommended noise limits and to protect sensitive receptors. Some measures are generic and are applicable to all construction sites and activities. Yet they are effective measures and are also in line with WBG’s EHS guidelines.

 During daytime construction, the contractor will ensure that: (i) noise levels from equipment and machinery conform to the PRC standard for Noise Limits for Construction

86 Sites (GB12523-2011) and the WBG EHS Standards, and properly maintain machinery to minimize noise; (ii) equipment with high noise and high vibration are not used near village or township areas and only low noise machinery or the equipment with sound insulation is employed; (iii) sites for asphalt-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 300 m away from the nearest sensitive receptor; and (iii) temporary anti-noise barriers or hoardings will be installed around the equipment to shield residences when there are residences within 50 m of the noise source;  For all the urban roads, there will be no nighttime (between 2200 and 0600 hours) construction;  Regularly monitor noise at sensitive areas (refer to the monitoring plan). If noise standards are exceeded by more than 3 dB, equipment and construction conditions shall be checked, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation;  Provide the construction workers with suitable hearing protection (earmuffs) according to the worker health protection law of the PRC;  Control the speed of bulldozer, excavator, crusher and other transport vehicles travelling on site, adopt noise reduction measures on equipment, step up equipment repair and maintenance to keep them in good working condition;  Limit the speed of vehicles travelling on site (less than 8 km/hr), forbid the use of horns unless absolutely necessary, minimize the use of whistles;  Maintain continual communication with the villages and communities along the road alignments and Yudai River.

198. The World Bank Group’s EHS guideline also provides the following guidance to mitigate noise and vibration impacts caused by the operation of pile drivers, earth moving and excavation equipment, concrete mixers, cranes and the transportation of equipment, materials and people during construction and decommissioning activities:

 Planning activities in consultation with local communities so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise and vibration are planned during periods of the day that will result in least disturbance;  Using noise control devices, such as temporary noise barriers and deflectors for impact and blasting activities, and exhaust muffling devices for combustion engines; and  Avoiding or minimizing project transportation through community areas.

199. Noise impacts during the construction stage would be of short duration. Road construction and river dredging are linear activities. When a road section is constructed and paved, or a river section is dredged, the construction and dredging activities move on and away from nearby sensitive receptors. Potential sensitive receptors will therefore be exposed to short term, localized impacts. With the above mitigation measures in place, potential noise impacts during the construction stage would be reduced to acceptable levels.

200. Water quality . Uncontrolled wastewater and muddy runoff from construction sites and work camps could potentially pollute nearby water bodies and clog up drains. Construction of the foundations for the four bridges could disturb river sediment and increase suspended solid (SS) concentration in the Yudai River. Dredging in Yudai River will also disturb the bottom sediment and increase SS concentration in the water column.

201. Bridge foundation construction will be by bore piling. Barriers such as sandbags or earth bunds will be built to surround the piling locations to minimize the dispersion of SS. The EIR predicted that with such measures, the SS level at 100 m downstream of the piling location

would not exceed 50 mg/L.

202. Dredging in the Yudai River will be done in the dry and during the dry season (between October to March the following year). Earth bunds will be constructed around the dredging location. The river flow will be diverted to outside the bunded area. The water within the bunded area will then be pumped out and the sediment will be removed using an excavator, similar to earth moving works on land. During water pumping, the slurry could contain high levels of SS estimated by the EIR to be approximately 300-400 mg/L, which would affect water quality downstream. Baseline sediment monitoring showed that the sediment was not contaminated and the impact would be confined to elevated SS levels downstream.

203. The contractors will implement the following mitigation measures to prevent water pollution:  Portable toilets and small package wastewater treatment plants will be provided on construction sites for the workers and canteens; If there are nearby public sewers, interim storage tanks and pipelines will be installed to convey wastewater to those sewers;  Sedimentation tanks will be installed on construction sites to treat process water (e.g. concrete batching for bridge construction) and muddy runoff with high concentrations of suspended solids. If necessary, flocculants such as polyacryl amide (PAM) will be used to facilitate sedimentation;  Construction of road bridge foundations will avoid the rainy season from May to October to minimize potential water quality impact. Mitigation measures such as placement of sandbags or berms around foundation works to contain muddy water runoff will be adopted. Slurry from pile drilling in the riverbed will be pumped to shore and properly disposed of. This will reduce the disturbance of sediments and the impact on water quality. Pier construction in Yudai River will be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow;  Dredging in Yudai River will be done in the dry and during the dry season from October to March to minimize potential water quality impact. Sandbags or berms placed around the dredging area will be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow;  Construction machinery will be repaired and washed at designated locations. No onsite machine repair and washing shall be allowed;  Storage and refueling facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provided with bunds and cleanup kits;  The contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fuel, and must be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88);  Material stockpiles will be protected against wind and runoff waters which might transport them to surface waters;  Any spills are to be cleaned up according to PRC norms and codes within 24 hours of the occurrence, with contaminated soils and water treated according to PRC norms and codes. Records must be handed over without delay to the JPMO and JEPB;  Mitigation of water quality impact during water pumping and sediment removal at each dredging location will be based on water quality monitoring results. The water quality monitoring approach at each dredging location will include one control station upstream of the location and one impact station downstream of the location. When the monitoring result shows that the SS level at the downstream impact station is 130% higher than that at the upstream control station, it is indicative of bottom sediment being stirred up and

88 discharged downstream by water pumping or during sediment excavation. The contractor shall reduce the pumping or excavation rate and/or pump the slurry to a sedimentation pond first for settling of SS, until the downstream SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level;  A similar monitoring approach will be adopted for mitigating water quality impact during road bridge construction, where upstream and downstream monitoring stations will be set up and SS levels monitored. When the SS levels at the downstream impact station is 130% higher than the SS levels at the upstream control station, the contractor shall adopt alternative construction methods or additional mitigation measures until the downstream SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level.

204. Solid waste and earth work . Solid waste generated during construction will include C&D waste dominated by excavated spoil during earth works for the urban roads, embankment construction and dredged sediment from Yudai River as well as refuse generated by construction workers on construction sites. If not properly disposed, such wastes will create community health and sanitation problems.

205. Table V.2 shows the earth cut and fill quantities. The original BRT component would not involve earth cut and fill. The earth cut quantity from urban road construction and Yudai River rehabilitation would total 5,550,320 m 3. Of this, 2,369,590 m 3 would be re-used on site for back fill. Of the remaining 3,180,730 m 3, 1,031,700 m 3 would be exported to other sites in this project for backfill. The remaining C&D waste of 2,149,030 m 3, which includes 52,800 m 3 of waste from demolition of buildings and structures, will be transported to a disposal site designated by the Ji’an Cityscape Management Department, who is responsible for the management of C&D waste disposal and re-use in the city. Since the C&D waste is common solid waste without toxic or harmful content, it can be used for filling and foundations of other construction works specified by the municipal and planning departments. Generally, C&D waste including disposal is not anticipated to have adverse environmental impacts.

Table V.2: Earth Cut and Fill Balance Earth Quantities (m 3) On-site Item Cut Excess Disposal Export Import Remark Re-use (1) (2) (3) = (1-2) (4) (5) = (3-4) [from (5)] Urban 265,070 m 3 exported to Shaoshan Bo’an Avenue 565,830 124,050 441,780 176,710 265,070 road West Road Zhongshan West Road 1,339,830 135,670 1,204,160 1,019,150 185,010 185,010 m 3 exported to Yudai River Imported from Bo’an Avenue, Shaoshan West Road 35,780 25,050 10,730 10,730 717,040 Yangming West Road and Junhua Avenue 249,530 m 3 exported to Shaoshan Yangming West Road 1,069,250 237,470 831,780 452,600 379,180 West Road; 129,650 m 3 exported to Yudai River 202,440 m 3 exported to Shaoshan Junhua Avenue 2,172,740 1,590,530 582,210 379,770 202,440 West Road Yudai Imported from Zhongshan West Road River channel 96,890 67,820 29,070 29,070 97,660 River and Yangming West Road Landscape 270,000 189,000 81,000 81,000 217,000 Total: 5,550,320 2,369,590 3,180,730 2,149,030 1,031,700 1,031,700 Source: Project EIR.

206. The dredged sediment totaling approximately 455,890 m 3 from the Yudai River will be temporarily stored in low lying areas within the permanent land take areas along the riverbanks for re-use in landscaping later. No dredged sediment will require permanent disposal and no dredged sediment disposal site is needed.

207. The following mitigation measures will be implemented to manage earthworks:

 Spoil disposal site management and restoration plans will be developed, to be approved by JEPB; a protocol will be established between the contractors and Ji’an Cityscape Management Department to clarify the spoil quantity and a permit for the clearance of excavated earthwork shall be obtained;  Site restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance with all applicable standards and specifications, and will be required before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contracts.

208. Soil erosion . Runoff from construction sites is one of the largest sources of sediment in urban areas under development. Soil erosion removes over 90% of sediment by tonnage in construction of urban areas. If uncontrolled, eroded sediment from construction sites creates many problems, including adverse impacts on water quality, navigation (Gan River) and recreational activities. Table V.3 shows that the estimated soil erosion from this project would total 35,860 t, with 26,291 t directly contributed by the project.

Table V.3: Soil Erosion during the Construction Stage Soil Erosion Quantity (t) Background Predicted Total Pre- Pre- Pre- Project Site construction construction construction Recovery Recovery Recovery & & & Construction Construction Construction Permanent land take sites 3209.62 5349.36 7972.27 13287.12 11181.89 18636.48 Temporary staging areas 140.57 234.29 666.55 1110.91 807.12 1345.20 Haul roads 55.32 92.20 305.21 508.68 360.53 600.88 Borrow areas 97.56 162.60 487.80 813.00 585.36 975.60 Spoil disposal sites 85.44 142.40 427.20 712.00 512.64 854.40 Subtotal: 3588.51 5980.85 9859.03 16431.71 13447.54 22412.56 Total 9569.36 26290.74 35860.10 Source: SWCR.

209. Soil erosion protection measures including engineering, planting and temporary measures as agreed in the SWCR are presented in Table V.4. These measures have been incorporated into the EMP and will be included as contractual obligations for contractors. The most effective erosion control will be interception drainage to protect disturbed surfaces from surface flows, and sedimentation ponds to remove silt and sand from construction site runoff.

Table V.4: Soil Erosion Protection Measures Project Site Engineering Measure Planting Measure Temporary Measure Permanent land take sites Topsoil back fill Store stripped topsoil for site restoration Drainage ditches Sedimentation ponds

Project Site Engineering Measure Planting Measure Temporary Measure Temporary staging areas Site levelling of 11.21 ha Grass seeding of 11.21 ha 835 m of drainage ditches Topsoil back fill 22,420 m 3 20 sedimentation ponds Haul roads Site levelling of 5.18 ha Grass seeding of 5.18 ha 569 m of drainage ditches Topsoil back fill 10,360 m 3 15 sedimentation ponds Borrow areas 270 m of intercepting Planting of 1,700 trees for Topsoil stripping of 24,390 drainage ditch on hill side site restoration m3 slope upgrad ient of the Grass seeding of 8.13 ha 312 m earthen bag retaining borrow area wall Site leveling of 8.13 ha Tarpaulin cover of 6,09 7.5 Topsoil back fill 24,390 m 3 m2 9 sedimentation ponds Spoil disposal sites 253 m of intercepting Planting of 1,500 trees for Topsoil stripping of 21,360 drainage ditch site restoration m3 Site leveling of 7.12 ha Grass seeding of 7.12 ha 292 m earthen bag retaining Topsoil back fill of 21,360 m 3 wall 8 sedimentation ponds Tarpaulin cover of 5,340 m2 Source: SWCR.

2. Impacts and Mitigation on Biological Resources, Ecology and Biodiversity

210. Vegetation . This project will result in permanent loss of vegetation and habitats from approximately 210 ha of land and temporary loss from 32 ha of land. Temporary land take areas will be re-vegetated and landscaped after completion of construction works. The project sites for the five urban roads and Yudai River rehabilitation are in a suburban-rural setting that has been under human influence and disturbance. The vegetation and habitats that will be lost from these sites are dominated by farmland and secondary woodlands (see Table V.1). The vegetation survey undertaken for this project and described in Chapter IV indicates that the woodlands were dominated by common tree, shrub and grass species. Review of national, provincial and IUCN protection status of these species showed that the Camphor Tree ( Cinnamomum camphora ) is the only protected species (national Class II). Old camphor trees, which could be deemed as physical cultural resource of significance, were recorded at three locations, with one location situated on the proposed Junhua Avenue alignment. The EMP specifies that these trees must be protected and that the detailed design of all urban roads must avoid all old camphor trees. For other camphor trees which were recorded at three other locations, avoidance shall be the first principle during detailed design of the urban road alignments, followed by transplant if avoidance is found to be not possible.

211. The project will result in the direct loss of approximately 20ha of secondary woodland. This project will provide approximately 1.18 million m 2 (118 ha) of green landscaped areas along the Yudai River. A wetland ecologist worked with the Design Institute to review and strengthen the landscape proposals for the riverside park and river rehabilitation works. The proposals now integrate more of the existing habitat and landscape features and create more new habitats of ecological value for local flora and fauna and of benefit for water quality. The draft technical report is included in Appendix 2. The final technical report will be produced after completion of detailed design in early 2015.

212. Dredging . River dredging will affect aquatic and benthic organisms inhabiting these rivers. Aquatic organisms include phytoplankton dominated by green algae and diatoms; zooplankton dominated by protozoa, rotifers, cladorcerans and copepods. Benthic organisms

are dominated by annelid worms, small clams and snails, and chironomid larvae. Fish include pollution-tolerant species of carps, minnows and loaches, and other cultured species. These are ubiquitous organisms with no significant conservation value and dredging works would not have irreversible impacts on their population dynamics and community structure. Upon completion of dredging works, these communities should be able to recover. Benthic communities will recolonize the riverbed. Impact is therefore temporary. Future communities would benefit from better water and sediment quality.

213. Protected species . The Yellow-Breasted Bunting (IUCN: Endangered), according to the Catalog of Life China 2013 , occurs in over 20 provinces in the PRC. There is no nationally protected species other than the camphor tree. Two amphibian species, four reptile species, one mammal species and 16 bird species are on the provincial protection list. No endangered species was recorded during field surveys or from literature within the project area of influence. A more detailed ecology study was carried out to inform the project landscape proposals to ensure that they are responsive to habitat requirements of species of conservation value. The EMP will specify that the construction workers are prohibited from capturing wildlife from the project sites during the construction stage.

214. Protected area . There is no protected area within the project area of influence.

215. Critical, natural and modified habitats . In view of the common and wide distribution of the habitats recorded in the area, there is no habitat within the project area of influence that is critical to any of these species. The natural woodlands are secondary woodlands dominated by common species with the exception of one tree species, the Camphor Tree, which is under national class II protection, and there is no primary woodland in the project area of influence. Modified habitats in the project area of influence are dominated by farmland, especially paddy fields, followed by constructed land for village inhabitants and municipal public facilities.

3. Impact and Mitigation on Socio-economic Resources

216. Land acquisition and resettlement . Land acquisition will total 199.4 ha, affecting 1,742 households and 6,789 people. The acquisition of government owned land will affect 14 government agencies and enterprises, including 188 employees.

217. Rural house demolition will total 70,682 m2, affecting 184 households and 806 people. Urban house demolition will total 9178 m2, affecting 90 households and 360 people. Enterprise house will total 14,795 m2. Compensation will be in accordance with the Resettlement Plan and ADB SPS (2009) requirement.

218. Physical cultural resources . Should buried artifacts of archaeological significance be uncovered during the construction stage within the project areas, construction will be stopped and immediately reported to the Ji’an Cultural Bureau in accordance with PRC’s Cultural Relics Protection Law .

219. Old camphor trees were recorded at three locations (see Table IV.19) with one location on the proposed alignment of Junhua Avenue. Mitigation measures will include (i) avoiding these trees during the detailed design of all urban road alignments, and (ii) tagging, marking and fencing off all old camphor trees before commencement of construction to prevent damages to these trees by construction activities.

92 220. Occupational Health and Safety . Due to its nature the construction industry is considered to be one of the most hazardous industries where a number of potentially hazardous operations are carried out. The civil works contractors will implement adequate precautions to protect the health and safety of construction workers. Contractors will manage occupational health and safety risks by applying the following measures:

 Construction site sanitation: (i) Each contractor shall provide adequate and functional systems for sanitary conditions, toilet facilities, waste management, labor dormitories and cooking facilities. Effectively clean and disinfect the site. During site formation, spray with phenolated water for disinfection. Disinfect toilets and refuse piles and timely removal of solid waste; (ii) Exterminate rodents on site at least once every 3 months, and exterminate mosquitoes and flies at least twice each year; (iii) Provide public toilets in accordance with the requirements of labor management and sanitation departments in the living areas on construction site, and appoint designated staff responsible for cleaning and disinfection; (iv) Work camp wastewater shall be discharged into the municipal sewer system or treated on-site using a portable system.  Occupational safety: (i) Provide personal protective equipment (safety hats and shoes and high visibility vests) to all construction workers; (ii) Provide safety goggles and respiratory masks to workers doing asphalt road paving; (iii) Provide ear plugs to workers operating and working near noisy PME. Contractors will prepare a health and safety (H&S) plan, which will be aligned with relevant PRC government’s regulations and guidelines on COVID-19 prevention and control, or with international good practice guidelines as updated in the future. 19 The H&S plan shall be reviewed by the supervision consultant in consultation with relevant local public health inspectors, local medical officers, or other relevant health specialists, with a recommendation forwarded to the EA/IA for clearance. The Plan will include COVID-19 prevention and control measures, including disinfection/cleaning of offices, construction sites and labor camps, on-site temperature checks, social distancing measures, mandatory use of personal protective equipment such as facemasks, provision of handwashing stations and hand sanitizers etc., and procedures to be adopted in the event any worker is infected with COVID-19.  Food safety: (i) Inspect and supervise food hygiene in canteen on site regularly. Canteen workers must have valid health permits. If food poisoning is discovered, implement effective control measures immediately to prevent it from spreading.  Disease prevention, health services: The following disease prevention measures and health services will be undertaken: (i) All contracted labor shall undergo a medical examination which should form the basis of an (obligatory) health/accident insurance and welfare provisions to be included in the work contracts. The contractors shall maintain records of health and welfare conditions for each person contractually engaged; (ii) Establish health clinic at location where workers are concentrated, which should be equipped with common medical supplies and medication for simple treatment and emergency treatment for accidents; (iii) Specify (by the IA and contractors) the person responsible for health and epidemic prevention and education and training on food hygiene and disease prevention to raise the awareness of workers.  Social conflict prevention: No major social risks and/or vulnerabilities are anticipated as

19 See e.g.: World Health Organization. 2020. Considerations for public health and social measures in the workplace in the context of COVID-19. Geneva. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/considerations-for-public- health-and-social-measures-in-the-workplace-in-the-context-of-covid-19 . HM Government. 2020. Working safely during COVID-19 in construction and other outdoor work. Guidance for employers, employees and the self- employed. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5eb961bfe90e070834b6675f/working- safely-during-covid-19-construction-outdoors-110520.pdf . The Canadian Construction Association – COVID-19 Standard Protocols. Available here: https://www.cca-acc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/CCA-COVID-19- Standardized-Protocols-for-All-Canadian-Construction-Sites-04-16-20.pdf

a result of the project. The project construction workers will be engaged locally. Civil works contracts will stipulate priorities to (i) employ local people for works, (ii) ensure equal opportunities for women and men, (iii) pay equal wages for work of equal value, and to pay women’s wages directly to them; and (iv) not employ child or forced labor.

221. Community Health and Safety . Temporary traffic diversions, continual generation of noise and dust on hauling routes, and general hindrance to local accesses and services are common impacts associated with construction works within or nearby local settlements.

222. The project may also contribute to road accidents, for example, through the use of heavy machinery on existing roads and temporarily blocking pavements for pedestrians. Although new urban roads are being constructed in the Western City Development Area, the existing roads in the area are predominantly narrow rural roads and heavy construction traffic and large dump trucks travelling on these rural roads and through villages with pedestrians and no sidewalk would cause traffic congestion and risk of accidents. The potential impacts on community health and safety will be mitigated through a number of activities defined in the EMP.

223. The contractors will implement the following measures:

 Traffic management: A traffic control and operation plan will be prepared together with the Ji’an traffic police prior to any construction. The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at road crossings with an emphasis on ensuring public safety through clear signs, controls and planning in advance.  Information disclosure: Residents and businesses will be informed in advance through media of the road improvement activities, given the dates and duration of expected disruption .  Construction sites: Clear signs will be placed at construction sites in view of the public, warning people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations etc. and raising awareness on safety issues. Heavy machinery will not be used after day light and all such equipment will be returned to its overnight storage area/position before night. All sites will be made secure, discouraging access by members of the public through appropriate fencing, signage and/or security personnel, as appropriate.

224. Utilities provision interruption. Construction may require relocation of municipal utilities such as power, water, communication cables. Temporary suspension of services (planned or accidental) can affect the economy, industries, businesses and residents’ daily life. Mitigation of impacts on utilities provision will be through a number of activities defined in the EMP, to be incorporated in the tender documents and construction contracts:

 Contractors will assess construction locations in advance for potential disruption to services and identify risks before starting construction. Any damage or hindrance/disadvantage to local businesses caused by the premature removal or insufficient replacement of public utilities is subject to full compensation, at the full liability of the contractor who caused the problem.  If temporary disruption is unavoidable the contractor will, in collaboration with relevant local authorities such as power company, water supply company and communication company, develop a plan to minimize the disruption and communicate the dates and duration in advance to affected persons.

94  Construction billboards, which include construction contents, schedule, responsible person and complaint phone number, will be erected at each construction site.

E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation Stage

225. Main impacts to air quality will be from the exhaust emitted by motor vehicles travelling on the project roads. Air pollutants in the exhaust include NO 2, CO, hydrocarbon (HC) and PM. Of these, the critical air pollutant is NO 2, meaning that if NO 2 complies with the applicable standard, other pollutants such as CO, HC and PM should also comply with their respective standards. Vehicle exhaust emissions contain GHGs which contribute to climate change. Noise impacts are due to traffic noise from vehicles travelling on the roads. Runoff from the roads into the road drainage system during rainfall could potentially affect the water quality of the receiving water bodies. Traffic accidents on roads and bridges have social issues related to public safety. These potential impacts are assessed and addressed below.

226. Operation and maintenance of the Yudai River and park would not generate adverse environmental impact, other than vegetation refuse from maintenance of the landscaped areas and general refuse from people using the park. The park will have a refuse collection station where green waste (vegetation refuse) will be separated from general refuse. General refuse will be transported to municipal landfill for disposal. Green waste will be transported to a planned composting facility in Ji’an, which will have a treatment capacity of 500 t/d for composting food waste and green waste with electricity generation. This planned facility is at the site selection stage and will be tendered using the built-operate-transfer mechanism. Flood control measures will improve the Yudai River flow, which only constitute a minute portion of the Gan River flow and should have no impact on the latter.

227. Operation of the project components would not have adverse impacts on biological resources, ecology and biodiversity, and physical cultural resource and may have some benefits if opportunities to create new habitats are maximized during detailed design. The EMP requires urban road drainage design to include interceptors and sand traps for treating road runoff discharging into the Yudai River during storm events.

Impact and Mitigation on Operation of the Urban Roads

228. Air quality . Table V.5 presents the air quality modeling results for NO 2 and CO in the project EIR based on daytime peak hour traffic flow in 2030, compared with GB 3095-2012 Class II standards. The data showed that CO would comply with the Class II standard at the road red line on all urban roads. NO 2, however, would exceed the Class II standard within approximately 20 m from the road red line on Junhua Avenue and within approximately 15 m from the road red line on Yangming West Road. The other three urban roads would achieve NO 2 compliance at the road red line.

229. Based on these modeling results, it is recommended that future developments along Junhua Avenue should have a buffer distance of 20 m from the road red line, and future developments along Yangming West Road should have a buffer distance of 15 m from the road red line.

Table V.5: Dispersion of Air Pollutants along the Urban Roads in 2030 Distance 1-hr Average Concentration (mg/m 3) on Urban Roads from Road NO 2 CO Red Line Junhua Bo’an Shaoshan Yangming Zhongshan Junhua Bo’an Shaoshan Yangming Zhongshan (m) Avenue Avenue West Road West Road West Road Avenue Avenue West Road West Road West Road 5 0.360 0.052 0.128 0.271 0.175 3.453 0.447 1.089 1.981 1.458 10 0.307 0.048 0.119 0.231 0.162 2.631 0.384 0.935 1.702 1.252 35 0.145 0.022 0.054 0.109 0.074 1.176 0.189 0.461 0.838 0.616 50 0.108 0.017 0.041 0.081 0.056 0.912 0.144 0.350 0.638 0.469 100 0.060 0.009 0.023 0.045 0.031 0.504 0.079 0.193 0.351 0.259 GB 3095 - 2012 Class 0.2 10 II Standard Note: data represented the highest concentration among 5 wind directions. Source: Project EIR.

230. Noise . Table V.6 shows traffic noise modeling results for the five urban roads presented in the project EIR for 2020. Based on the WBG EHS guideline of no more than 3 dB(A) noise level increase due to project implementation compared to the existing noise level, only four existing sensitive receptors would meet such requirement. These are the Ji’an City Drug Rehabilitation Institution, Shihuling Village, Shiliwangjia and Chaobailing Village. Of the other 28 existing sensitive receptors, 15 show noise level increases between 5 to 10 dB(A) and 10 show noise level increases more than 10 dB(A). The highest noise level increase was predicted to occur at Dujiafang Village, with 16.0 dB(A) during peak hour in the daytime and 17.7 dB(A) during peak hour at night.

231. According to the planning EIR, the Conceptual Plan and Controlled Plan of Ji’an Western City Development Area has allocated 11 parcels of land within the development area for the resettlement of all existing residents during the urbanization process of the Western City Development Area, including the population from the 32 existing sensitive receptors shown in Table V.10. However, the timing is not yet determined. This EIA and EMP therefore requires interim mitigation measures of installation of ventilated double glazed windows for the first row of buildings facing the new urban roads at the 28 existing sensitive receptors with noise level increases of >3dB(A) compared to the existing noise levels, if their resettlement does not occur in or before year 2020. The total cost for implementing these measures was estimated at approximately $140,000.

96 Table V.6: Predicted Noise Levels at Existing Sensitive Receptors during Operation of Urban Roads in Western City Development Area in 2020 Existing Noise Level Year 2020 Predicted Peak Hour Noise Level Increase over Existing [dB(A)] [dB(A)] Noise Level [dB(A)] No. Sensitive Receptor Relative to Proposed Road First Row Day Time Nighttime Distance from Day Time Nighttime Day Time Nighttime Red Line (m) Junhua Ave K5+060 L 46.2 41.3 10 62.2 59.0 16.0 17.7 1 Dujiafang Village Yangming West Rd K1+140 R 46.2 41.3 111 52.5 48.5 6.3 7.2 2 Laoyangjia Village Junhua Ave K0+820 L&R 48.2 44.9 6 58.0 54.1 9.8 9.2 3 Zengjia Village Junhua Ave K1+380 L 45.1 42.0 120 55.4 52.4 10.3 10.4 4 Jiaojialing Village Junhua Ave K2+740 L&R 45.1 42.0 6 55.7 52.8 10.6 10.8 5 Ji’an City Health College Junhua Ave K3+300 R 53.0 48.1 11 61.4 56.5 8.4 8.4 6 Baiyunshan Village Junhua Ave K3+540 L 45.1 42.0 102 55.0 50.3 9.9 8.3 Baitang Village Xuanshang 7 Village Group Junhua Ave K4+320 R 46.2 41.3 97 55.3 50.3 9.1 9.0 8 Zhaojiashan Junhua Ave K5+160 R 48.6 42.8 132 54.1 49.3 5.5 6.5 9 Zhoujiapi Junhua Ave K6+320 L 48.6 42.8 98 55.7 51.4 7.1 8.6 Ji’an City Drug 10 Junhua Ave K7+960 R 51.8 48.3 87 54.9 50.8 3.1 2.5 Rehabilitation Institution 11 Shihuling Village Junhua Ave K8+600 L&R 51.8 48.3 102 52.5 48.6 0.7 0.3 12 Nan’an Village Yangming West Rd K2+220 R 47.5 41.5 9 61.4 56.4 13.9 14.9 13 Dongtou Village Yangming West Rd K2+680 L&R 46.8 40.7 4 62.0 57.0 15.2 16.3 Bo’an Ave K3+000 L 46.2 41.3 28 54.0 48.5 7.8 7.2 14 Jiangbian Village Shaoshan West Rd K2+986 46.2 41.3 95 55.5 50.7 9.3 9.4 15 Renjia Village Bo’an Ave K2+740 R 48.2 44.9 55 52.0 47.5 3.8 2.6 16 Luogang Village Bo’an Ave K2+740 L 48.2 44.9 10 52.6 49.1 4.4 4.2 17 Chengshang Village Bo’an Ave K2+220 L 45.1 42.0 10 55.1 49.8 10.0 7.8 18 Maobei Village Bo’an Ave K1+696 R 48.1 45.1 13 57.4 53.1 9.3 8.0 Bo’an Ave K0+800 L 46.2 41.3 39 52.0 46.5 5.8 5.2 19 Luotang Village Zhongshan West Rd K3+337 52.8 46.5 56 56.3 50.5 3.5 4.0 20 Shiliwangjia Zhongshan West Rd K2+740 R 56.2 49.3 80 58.0 51.5 1.8 2.2 21 Chaobailing Village Zhongshan West Rd K2+620 L 56.2 49.3 45 57.2 50.6 1.0 1.3 22 Pengxia Village Zhongshan West Rd K1+605 L 47.5 41.5 41 53.0 47.3 5.5 5.8 23 Baitang Primary School Zhongshan West Rd K0+880 R 47.5 41.5 36 54.2 48.6 6.7 7.1 24 Anqian Old Village Zhongshan West Rd K0+724 R 50.4 42.7 3 60.5 54.7 10.1 12.0 25 Anqian New Village Zhongshan West Rd K0+220 R 50.4 42.7 4 60.3 54.6 9.9 11.9

Ji’an City Disease 26 Prevention and Control Zhongshan West Rd K0+060 R 48.4 45.2 15 59.1 54.6 10.7 9.4 Center

Existing Noise Level Year 2020 Predicted Peak Hour Noise Level Increase over Existing [dB(A)] [dB(A)] Noise Level [dB(A)] No. Sensitive Receptor Relative to Proposed Road First Row Day Time Nighttime Distance from Day Time Nighttime Day Time Nighttime Red Line (m) 27 Yangminghuayuan Zhongshan West Rd K0+420 L&R 48.4 45.2 5 60.4 56.0 12.0 10.8 28 Baitang Village Shaoshan West Rd K0+220 R 55.2 50.8 6 61.0 56.5 5.8 5.7 29 Jinluhuayuan Shaoshan West Rd K0+240 L 55.2 50.8 4 60.2 55.1 5.0 4.3 Wuli Village Zoujia Village 30 Shaoshan West Rd K0+600 L&R 48.3 42.5 5 59.0 53.5 10.7 11.0 Group 31 Wuli Primary School Shaoshan West Rd K0+400 R 48.3 42.5 80 54.0 48.4 5.7 5.9 32 Xiazhou Village Shaoshan West Rd K1+640 L 48.3 42.5 126 52.2 46.5 3.9 4.0 Notes: >3-5 dB(A) increase >5-10 dB(A) increase >10 dB(A) increase Source: Project EIR

232. To prevent road traffic noise from affecting future residents and sensitive uses, mitigation requirements for future developments near these urban roads in the Western City Development Area are listed in Table V.7. These requirements are based on predicted 2030 traffic noise levels and are aimed at the first row of buildings facing these roads, including provision of adequate buffer distance and/or double-glazed windows.

Table V.7: Mitigation Requirements for Future Developments Near the Urban Roads in the Western City Development Area Compliance Distance from Road Red Line Noise Functional Area Category 4a Category 2 Time Mitigation for Road Facing Road Within 35 m from road red Beyond 35 m from road red Period Facade line line Day time noise limit: 70 dB Day time noise limit 60 dB Nighttime noise limit: 55 dB Nigh time noise limit: 50 dB

Junhua Avenue Day Compliance at road red line 78 m  No health faci lity within 35 m from road red line

 First row of residential and school buildings within 35 m of road red line shall be fitted with double-glazed windows

Night No compliance within 35 m 400 m  First row of residential, school and health facility buildings beyond 35 m from road red line shall be fitted with double-glazed windows if they have a direct line of sight to the road

Bo’an Avenue Day Compliance at road red line Compliance within 35 m  First row of residential, school and hea lth facility buildings within 35 m of road red line shall be fitted with double- glazed windows

 First row of residential, school Night 3 m 65 m and health facility buildings between 35 - 65 m from road red line shall be fitted with double-glazed windows if they have a dir ect line of site to the road

Shaoshan West Day Compliance at road red line Compliance within 35 m  No health facility within 10 m Road from road red line

 First row of residential buildings within 10 m of road red line shall be fitted with double-glazed windows

 First row of residential and Night 10 m 65 m health facility buildings between 35 - 65 m from road red line shall be fitted with double-glazed windows if they have a direct line of site

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Compliance Distance from Road Red Line Noise Functional Area Category 4a Category 2 Time Mitigation for Road Facing Road Within 35 m from road red Beyond 35 m from road red Period Facade line line Day time noise limit: 70 dB Day time noise limit 60 dB Nighttime noise limit: 55 dB Nigh time noise limit: 50 dB to the road

Yangming West Day Compliance at road red line 45 m  No health facility within 35 m Road from road red line

 First row of residential and school buildings within 35 m of road red line shall be fitted with double-glazed windows Night No compliance within 35 m 300 m  First row of residential, school and health facil ity buildings beyond 35 m from road r ed line shall be fitted with double-glazed windows if they have a direct line of sight to the road

Zhongshan West Day Compliance at road red line Compliance within 35 m  No health facilit y within 15 m Road from road red line

 First row of residential buildings within 15 m of road red line shall be fitted with double-glazed windows

Night 15 m 110 m  First row of residential and health facility buildings between 35 - 65 m from road red line shall be f itted with double-glazed windows if they have a direct line of site to the road Source: Project EIR and PPTA consultant.

4. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

233. The project EIR calculated carbon emissions for 2013, 2020 and 2030 using the methodology described in IPCC (2006),20 based on fuel consumption from traveling distances of various vehicle types on the project roads. Table V.8 presents the results, indicating emissions from all the project roads in 2030 would total 27,777 t CO 2 equivalent. This is below the ADB threshold of 100,000 t/a.

20 IPCC. 2006. 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. This is based on the current PRC fuel standards, more stringent standards in the future or more advanced fuel technologies may reduce GHG emissions further. This represents the worst case.

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Table V.8: Carbon Emissions from the Proposed Urban Roads

Carbon Emission (CO 2eq in t/a) in Various Years Project Roads 2013 2020 2030 Urban roads: Junhua Avenue --- 6362 18656 Bo’an Avenue --- 363 992 Shaoshan West Road --- 941 2294 Yangming West Road --- 1381 2516 Zhongshan West Road --- 1807 3319 Urban roads total --- 10854 27777 Source: Project EIR.

Climate Change Impacts

234. A detailed climate risk and vulnerability assessment was carried out in October 2014. The projections indicate that:

 There could be an average increase in rainfall of 1.5 to 4.5% by 2050 and 3 to 9% by 2100. The 1:50 year annual maximum rainfall event intensity could increase by 8% by 2050 and 16% by 2100. This increase in average rainfall, intensity and frequency is likely to result in a more severe flood risk for the project area.  Annual average temperature is projected to increase by 1.3ºC by 2050 and 2.5ºC by 2100. The minimum temperatures, both average and extreme low are expected to increase.  No significant risks from snow loading, onshore Category 1 storms, decreased precipitation, wind speed increase and solar radiation change were identified. In fact, a reduced frost period and reduced snow fall are projected reducing the significance of those risk factors in the future.

235. The study reviewed the key design standards adopted for the project:

 1:2-year rainfall event intensity was adopted for the design of the stormwater drainage for the urban roads. It was determined that the 1:2-year rainfall event intensity may increase from 88.92mm to 92.40mm by 2050.  1:20 and 1:50 year 24-hour rainfall intensity standards were adopted for urban floodwater drainage system design.  The road design criteria is a 1:50 year flood level, however, the actual height is 59masl (metres above sea level) along most sections owing to local topography so flooding of the road network is unlikely even under a high emissions scenario climate change projection as the current 1:200 year flood water level is 55.42masl.  1:50 year flood water level was adopted for Yudai River flood protection design. The largest flow height observed in Ji'an over a 30-year period was in 2010 when was a flood water height of 53.14masl was recorded. By 2050, an increase of 0.45m is projected and by 2100, an increase of 0.85m. The flood protection works have been designed based on a historical 1:50 year flood event (54.41m) plus a 0.5m safety factor.  In addition, the Ji'an Government plan to enhance the Gan River dykes for flood protection to the current 1:100-year flood height of 54.93 m and in the future for a 1:200- year flood height.

236. The study made the following recommendations for the detailed design:

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 Current design criteria for stormwater drainage for urban roads and urban floodwater drainage may not be adequate by 2050. For drainage components that would be difficult to replace or repair it is recommended that the high emissions scenario climate change projections are adopted as the basis for design. A drainage capacity increase of between 6 to 10% is estimated to cost CNY10 Million (~US$1.6 Million). More drainage capacity may be required beyond 2050.  The road drainage network is designed to drain into the Gan River. During periods when flood of the Gan River coincides with heavy rainfall in the urban area, stormwater cannot drain to the Gan River which may result in waterlogging of the urban area. It is recommended that a flood water pumping station is considered.  The current design criteria for the flood protection works already incorporate a factor of safety of 0.5m so it is considered that this design standard is adequate for low and middle emission scenario climate change projections of 0.5 m flood height increase. This design standard may be inadequate in the event of a high climate change scenario and/or after 2050 when projections indicate a flood height increase of 0.85m. However, given the key infrastructure components of the project will be designed with sufficient height (59 masl), risk from future climate change impacts will likely be limited to the landscape and greenspace components along the Yudai River.  The Ji'an Government proposes to enhance the flood protection capacity of the Gan River dykes, which will effectively alleviate the risk of Gan River flood on the project. The Gan River watershed includes reservoirs and dams that have significant flood storage capacity, and the Wan'an Reservoir has further potential to adjust the flood height at Ji'an when it operated at its full capacity. In addition, the effectiveness of these hydraulic facilities for flood management is heavily dependent on accurate and real-time hydro- meteorological information. The Ji'an Government has included the development of a comprehensive hydro-meteorological prediction system in the current Twelfth Five Year Development Plan. It is recommended that this system is linked to an early warning system and integrated climate and disaster risk management action plan to ensure that critical transport infrastructure is protected, and continuity of services maintained during a severe weather event.

237. The Government has agreed to take account of these recommendations in the detailed design and will confirm if/which measures are adopted and if there is an incremental cost for adaptation measures.

Risk from Traffic Accidents

238. This impact can be mitigated through strict enforcement of traffic laws and regulations, especially speed limits, overloading of trucks and trucks carrying hazardous materials. The project EIR estimated that the probability of traffic accidents for the five urban roads in 2030 would range from 0.0004 per year on Bo’an Avenue to 0.0069 per year on Junhua Avenue. This project includes a traffic management component which would improve traffic management in Ji’an contributing to reducing the risk of traffic accidents. The EMP includes a requirement for Operation and Maintenance Units to develop a spill response plan.

Cumulative Impacts

239. Cumulative impacts would mainly be from other projects particularly road projects and buildings being constructed concurrently with the construction stage of this project. The road construction works that might overlap with the construction stage of this project. The Western

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City Development Area is a new development area with active construction activities which might also overlap with the urban road construction and Yudai River rehabilitation periods in this project. At this time no information is available on potential construction works that could overlap with the construction stage of this project.

240. Construction related cumulative impacts will be effectively minimized by adopting proper mitigation measures, including: (i) coordination between all project components and other projects in the area of influence in terms of construction schedule, possible access road and borrow/disposal sites sharing; (ii) contractors will develop material transport plan with consultation of local road management authority and local community; (iii) enforcement of good construction management to minimize dust, noise and waste generation; (iv) education of construction workers to minimize social disturbance and cultural conflict; (vi) provision of temporary access to local traffic; (vii) proper maintenance of the access roads and timely restoration/strengthening upon completion. With effective implementation of good construction management measures, these common construction-related cumulative impacts can be adequately mitigated to acceptable levels.

241. Development of the Western City Development Area will eventually affect the existing population of approximately 30,000 (within the 51km2 area). Their resettlement and compensation will be similar to the scheme established for this project. Urbanization will result in changes to livelihoods, however, with proposed compensation and skills training proposed through resettlement plans and strategies for urbanized areas, impact to the existing population will mostly be positive, with improved urban environmental quality and better socio-economic opportunities.

Indirect and Induced Impacts

242. The construction of new roads (such as the five urban roads) where none existed before has the potential to influence land use development patterns, traffic volumes and consequent developments on adjacent roads. The proposed roads as well as future traffic volumes on these roads have been examined in the context of the Conceptual Plan and Controlled Plan of Ji’an Western City Development Area in the FSR. The proposed urban roads will induce developments in the Western City Development Area and will provide transport linkage to the high-speed railway station. Their individual contributions to, and influence on the district and neighborhood traffic flows, have therefore been assessed within the context of the relevant plans and are considered appropriate.

243. The potential impact of developments in the Western City Development Area have been examined in the planning EIR, which indicated that the existing and planned infrastructure such as water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, municipal solid waste collection and disposal would be adequate to accommodate the population intake in the Western City Development Area. Impacts on the environment from air emissions, traffic and community noise, and treated effluent discharge have also been assessed in the planning EIR to be acceptable and within the carrying capacities of the environmental media.

244. Negative indirect and induced impacts from this project are not expected.

Occupational Health and Safety

245. COVID-19 prevention and control measures will be taken following the PRC government

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regulations and guidelines or international good practice guidelines as updated in the future (footnote 19), such as disinfection/cleaning of offices and work places, on-site temperature checks, social distancing measures, mandatory use of personal protective equipment such as facemasks, provision of handwashing stations and hand sanitizers etc., and procedures to be adopted in the event any worker is infected with COVID-19.

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VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

A. No Project Alternative

246. Without this project, the population of over half a million residing in the Jizhou and Qingyuan Districts would not benefit from a sustainable, more efficient and safer transport system and would continue to suffer congestion and traffic accident risks along Jinggangshan Avenue. Ji’an would not have an efficient public transport system that reduces the costs of transport, serve the central urban area or facilitate intermodal interchange, or provide better accessibility to employment and services in the city. Ji’an would also lose the benefits of behavioral change with respect to road safety and traffic management.

247. Without the urban roads and Yudai River rehabilitation, developments in the Western City Development Area could be delayed due to incomplete road network, lack of connectivity with the high-speed railway station, and flooding risk from the Yudai River during storm events. Future residents would also lack public open space with of scenic, aesthetic and recreational value. All these could affect the socio-economic development in the Western City Development Area, employment opportunities for residents and quality of living conditions and environment. Delay in developing the Western City Development Area would also affect the urbanization of Ji’an, putting pressure on the old central urban area to accommodate new migrants.

B. Alternatives Considered

248. Various alternatives have been considered for each of the components in this project. Alternatives eventually selected were due to either being the least cost or the best environmental option, or both.

249. Urban road cross-section . Two options were examined: with central median and without central median. Basically, road sections with red line widths more than 40 m adopted the option with the central median and road sections with 40 m red line length adopted the option without the central median. Both options would provide lanes for non-motorized traffic and pedestrians. Figure VI.3 shows examples of road sections with and without the central median.

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Figure VI.3: Cross-section of Urban Road Showing Examples with and without Central Median

Junhua Avenue with central median

Bo’an Avenue without central median

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250. Noise mitigation measures . A number of measures were considered for mitigating noise from road traffic. These included direct measures that would be applied at the noise source, such as noise barriers and woodland buffers, as well as indirect measures that would be applied at the sensitive receptors such as regular or ventilated double glazed windows. Factors governing the application of these measures include the distance between the road and the sensitive receptor and the extent of noise exceedance.

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VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. Legislative Framework

251. Meaningful participation and consultation in the evaluation of project planning, feasibility study, design and implementation are an important environment safeguards requirement; it can directly reflect the public’s perceptions of environmental quality in the project’s area of influence.

252. Relevant provisions in the Environmental Protection Law of PRC and the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection (Order of the State Council, No. 253) require that the “Environmental Impact Report formulated by the construction unit shall be in accordance with relevant laws to solicit the opinions of units concerned and inhabitants of project construction site". In January 2011, the MEP circulated the draft Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Public Participation for public commenting, which specifies the requirements of information disclosure and stakeholder opinion survey. Since 2012, MEP also requires that abstracts of EIRs should be posted on the websites of local EPBs during the approval process (MEP Order No. [2012]51).

253. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement also requires meaningful participation, consultation and information disclosure. The consultation processes for this project follow both the PRC and ADB requirements.

254. Information disclosure and public consultation have been conducted during preparation of the domestic planning and project EIRs and this EIA. Information disclosure and consultation included: disclosure on the internet, public posting, informal communication with key stakeholders which include residents, local authorities and sector specific institutions and authorities; questionnaire survey; and discussion forum attended by affected people and other concerned stakeholders.

B. Information Disclosure

255. Planning EIR . Information disclosure during the preparation of the planning EIR included (i) disclosure of project and environmental impact assessment information twice, once on the JMG web-site from 28 April to 15 May, 2013, and once on the JMUCIDC web-site from 4- 17 July, 2013 (Figure VII.1), and (ii) public posting of project and environmental impact assessment information in the communities in the assessment area from 27 April to 14 May, 2013 (Figure VII.2). No adverse comment was received.

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Figure VII.1: Website Information Disclosure of the Planning EIR

JMG website JMUCIDC webs ite

Figure VII.2: Public Posting of Project Information of the Planning EIR

Ji’nan Primary School Wuli Primary School

Dongtou Village Luotang Village

256. Project EIR . Information disclosure during the preparation of the project EIR also included web-posting and public posting. Web-posting was conducted twice. The first time was from 12-25 August 2013 on both the JMG and MOF web sites, and the second time was from 15-30 November 2013 on the JMG website after completion of the draft project EIR (Figure VII.3). Project information was also publicly posted in affected communities from 10-24 August 2013 (Figure VII.4).

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Figure VII.3: Website Information Disclosure by the Project EIR

first time posting on JMG web site

first time posting on MOF web site

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second time posting on JMG web site

Figure VII.4: Public Posting of Project Information for the Project EIR

Zhaogongtang Village Intersection of Jizhou Ave & Shaoshan West Road

Ji’an City No. 3 People’s Hospital Jinggangshan Uni versity

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C. Questionnaire Survey

257. Planning EIR . Questionnaire surveys were conducted from 5-16 July 2013 targeting the residents of affected communities in the assessment area. The questionnaire focused on the development of the Western City Area from a planning perspective. Eighty questionnaires were distributed, and all were returned. Of the 80 participants, 37.5% were farmers with the others having various occupations, ages ranged from 25 to 69, 65 males and 15 females. Table VII.1 summarizes the survey results, indicating that the majority support the development of the Western City Development Area, with one person against it from an environmental perspective. The majority deemed it to be beneficial to improving their socio-economic and living conditions. Air and water quality were deemed to be the key environmental issues in the Western City Development Area, but about half viewed the problems to be minor. Only one-third of the respondents understood the resettlement policy and about half slightly understood the policy. The majority would prefer nearby resettlement with house compensation.

Table VII.1: Summary of Planning EIR Questionnaire Survey Results Respondent Opinion Surveyed Number Percentage Do you agree with the development of the Western Agree 72 90% City Area? Disagree 5 6.25% Uncertain 3 3.75% Is the development of Western City Area beneficial Very beneficial 66 82.5% to the economic development of the area? Average beneficial 11 13.75% Not beneficial 1 1.25% Uncertain 2 2.5% Will the development beneficial to enhancing the Very beneficial 65 81.25% living quality of the local residents? Average beneficial 13 16.25% Not beneficial 2 2.5% Uncertain 0 0% Is the geographic location of the Western City Area Reasonable 64 80% reasonable? Not reasonable 1 1.25% Uncertain 15 18.75% What is the impact to the Western City Area from Wastewater 25 31.25% the surrounding? Air pollutant emission 23 28.75% Noise 28 35% Other 15 18.75% What is your environmental concern related to the Air quality 28 35% Western City Area? Water quality 31 38.75% Visual 10 12.5% Other 19 23.75% Do you understand the land acquisition and Understand 29 36.25% resettlement compensation policy? Slightly understand 38 47.5% Do not understand 13 16.25% What is your requirement on demolition and Nearby resettlement 52 65% resettlement? Difference region resettlement 2 2.5% Cash compensation 6 7.5% Housing compensation 20 25% What is the extent of environmental impact during Large 1 1.25% development? Average 24 30% Minor 39 48.75% Uncertain 15 18.75%

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Respondent Opinion Surveyed Number Percentage What is your attitude towards the development Support 61 76.25% from an environmental perspective? Conditionally support 6 7.5% Does not matter 12 15% Against 1 1.25% Source: Planning EIR.

258. During the questionnaire surveys, local villagers were also selected for interviews. Five people from the Baitang Street were not in favor of the development with the concern that the development would acquire their farmland affecting their livelihood. The villages had little information on land acquisition and resettlement and the majority, as reflected in the questionnaire survey, had little understanding of the resettlement and compensation policy. No government agency had explained and consulted them on land acquisition and resettlement due to the development of the West City Area.

259. Project EIR . Questionnaire surveys were conducted from 5-16 November 2013 targeting the residents of affected communities in the project area of influence. The questionnaire focused on the project and its potential environmental impacts. Eighty-two questionnaires were distributed, and all were returned. Of the 82 participants, 47.6% were farmers with the others having various occupations, 46.3% was within the age group of 40-49 years old, 7 males and 5 females. Table VII.2 summarizes the survey results, indicating that no one disagreed with implementation of the project. The majority deemed it to be beneficial to improving their socio-economic and living conditions. Close to 75% thought that the existing environmental condition in the area is relatively good to good. Air and water quality were deemed to be the key environmental concerns during project implementation, but about half viewed the problems to be minor. Close to 80% of the respondents were uncertain or only slightly understood the resettlement policy. The majority would prefer nearby resettlement with house compensation. The questionnaire survey was conducted before the resettlement plan for the project was completed. Since then, stakeholders have been consulted and are better informed about the project’s resettlement plan.

Table VII.2: Summary of Project EIR Questionnaire Survey Results Respondent Opinion Surveyed Number Percentage Do you agree with the Agree 77 93.9% implementation of this project? Disagree 0 0.0% Uncertain 5 6.1% Will this project be beneficial to the Very beneficial 67 81.7% economic development of the area? Average beneficial 8 9.8% Not beneficial 0 0.0% Uncertain 6 7.3% Will this project beneficial to Very beneficial 65 79.3% enhancing the living quality of the Average beneficial 8 9.8% local residents? Not beneficial 0 0.0% Uncertain 8 9.8% Is the geographic location of project Reasonable 69 84.1% area reasonable? Not reasonable 2 2.4% Uncertain 10 12.2% What is your view of the existing Good 44 53.7% environmental condition in the Relatively good 16 19.5%

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Respondent Opinion Surveyed Number Percentage area? Average 14 17.1% Relatively bad 3 3.7% What is your environmental Air quality 53 64.6% concern related to this project? Water quality 27 32.9% Visual 22 26.8% Other 4 4.9% Do you understand the land Understand 16 19.5% acquisition and resettlement Slightly understand 37 45.1% compensation policy? Do not understand 27 32.9% What is your requirement on Nearby resettlement 64 78.0% demolition and resettlement? Difference region resettlement 2 2.4% Cash compensation 2 2.4% Housing compensation 11 13.4% What is the extent of environmental Large 12 14.6% impact during project Average 18 22.0% implementation? Minor 25 30.5% Uncertain 25 30.5% Will the rehabilitation of Yudai River Will improve 54 65.9% improve the water environment? Will not improve 1 1.2% Uncertain 25 30.5% Source: Project EIR.

D. Discussion Forum

260. Project EIR . A discussion forum was conducted on 5 November 2013 during the preparation of the project EIR. A total of 28 people attended representing the JPMO, JMUCIDC, JEPSRI, PPTA consultant, Ji’an Lands Bureau, Ji’an Planning Bureau, Ji’an Agriculture Bureau, Ji’an Forestry Bureau, and affected villages, towns and townships. Figure VII.5 shows the discussion forum. Key discussions centered on resettlement and construction impact. Table VII.3 summarizes the responses from the relevant participants on these two items.

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Figure VII.5: Photos of the Discussion Forum

Table VII.3: Key Issues and Responses from the Discussion Forum Comment / Question Respo nse Land acquisition and Resettlement and compensation will strictly follow ADB’s SPS (2009) and JMG resettlement should be document [JMG No. (2011)62], and a resettlement plan has been prepared. The compensated according to project proponent has commissioned the Jiangxi Social Science Institute to conduct national policy. Resettlement a resettlement survey. should in a centralized nearby area, with resettlement The resettlement plan is as follows: completed before demolition. （i） Affected households in Xingq iao Town Jiangbian Village Committee, Baitang Street Chengshang Village Committee and Baitang Street Ji’nan Village Committee will be resettled in the Huayaocheng Resettlement Community. It has a planned area of 10.01 ha, with a constructed area 260,000 m 2. The planned number of units will be 2,600 (each with average constructed area of 100 m 2), with 333 units allocated for resettlement from this project. （ii ） Affected households in Hebu Township Jifeng Village Committee and Baitang Street Baitang Village Commit tee will be resettled in the Hengruihuayuan Resettlement Site on Jifu Road. It has a planned area of 11.3382 ha with a constructed area of 300,000 m 2. The planned number of units will be 2,100 (each with average constructed area of 150 m 2), with 408 units allocated for resettlement from this project. This community is under construction. （iii ） Affected households in Xingqiao Town Luotang Villag e Committee will be resettled in the Wunikeng Resettlement Community. It has a planned area of 77,900 m 2 with a constructed area of 155,800 m 2. The planned number of units will be 1,600 (each with average constructed area of 100 m 2), with 104 units allocated for resettlement from this project. （iv ） Affected households in Baitang Street Wuli Village Committee will be resettled

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Comment / Question Respo nse in the Baitang Street Wuli Community Resettlement Zone. It has a planned area of 32,900 m 2 with a constructed area of 65,800 m 2. The plann ed number of units will be 658 (each with average constructed area of 100 m 2), with 100 units allocated for resettlement from this project. （v） The one affected household in Changtang Town Miaobei Village Committee will either be cash compensated or through market purchase. How will dust and C&D waste During construction, the road sub-grade will be compacted by layers in a timely be dealt with during fashion, with watering to suppress dust. Vehicles transporting loose earth materials construction? will be covered with tarpaulin. Overloading of these vehicles will be prohibited to prevent spillage of loose earth materials onto roads during transit.

Hoardings will be erected around the perimeters of the construction sites, with the installation of interception ditches. Construction site management will be strengthened. Stockpiles will be centralized to reduce the impact area of dust. Backfilling will be done in a timely fashion to minimize dust impact.

Environmental supervision will be carried out during the construction stage, to supervise and monitor dust, wastewater, C&D waste and ecological impacts throughout the construction stage. The public could also address their questions related to construction environmental issues to the environmental supervision unit. Source: Project EIR.

E. Future Plans for Public Participation

261. Meaningful consultation to safeguard the environment and local residents will continue throughout detailed design, construction and operation phases. The JPMO and JMUCIDC will be responsible for organizing the public consultations, with the support of the LIEC of the loan implementation consultancy services. The contractors will be required to communicate and consult with the communities in the project area of influence, especially those near road alignments. Eye-catching public notice boards will be set at each work site to provide information on the purpose of the project activity, the duration of disturbance, the responsible entities on-site (contractors, JMUCIDC), and the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Contact information of all GRM entry points and the JPMO will be disclosed on the construction site information boards. Consultation will focus on public complaints about public nuisances from construction and operation activities, such as noise, asphalt fume nuisance, dust, traffic disturbance, as well as public concerns about the environment and resettlement.

262. Future consultation and participation will also include (i) involvement of affected people during inspection and monitoring of EMP implementation during construction and operation phases; (ii) participatory evaluation on the environmental and social-economic benefits and impacts; and (iii) consultation with the public after the project completion. The EMP provides plans for future public participation. The EMP for this Project is included as attachment to this report.

263. The project environmental information will be disclosed by ADB as follows: (i) this EIA will be available for review at www.adb.org 120 days before ADB Board consideration; (ii) copies of the domestic planning and project EIRs (in Chinese) are available on request at the JPMO; and, (iii) environment progress will be reported in the quarterly project progress reports and the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports which will be disclosed on ADB’s project website (www.adb.org ).

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VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

264. Public participation, consultation and information disclosure undertaken as part of the local EIR process, assessment and development of resettlement plans, and consultations undertaken by the project consultants have discussed and addressed major community concerns. Continued public participation and consultation have been emphasized as a key component of successful project implementation. As a result of this public participation and safeguard assessment during the initial stages of the project, major issues of grievance are not expected. However, unforeseen issues may occur. To settle such issues effectively, a transparent grievance redress mechanism (GRM) for lodging complaints and grievances has been defined for environment related issues.

265. The GRM has been designed to help achieve the following objectives: (i) open channel for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the project; (ii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by project construction and operations; (iii) improve mutual trust and respect and promote productive relationships with local communities; and (iv) build community acceptance of the project.

266. The JPMO will establish a complaints center with hotline for receiving both environmental and resettlement grievances. The details of the GRM are described in the EMP (Attachment EMP), and were also explained during public consultation with the participants of the public forum. The GRM will be operational prior to commencement of construction works.

267. In addition to the GRM described above, ADB's overall accountability mechanism (2012) applies. 21 The mechanism provides opportunities for people adversely affected by ADB-financed projects to express their grievances; seek solutions; and report alleged violations of ADB’s operational policies and procedures, including safeguard policies. ADB’s accountability mechanism comprises two separate, but related, functions: (i) consultation, led by ADB’s special project facilitator, to assist people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects in finding solutions to their problems; and (ii) providing a process through which those affected by projects can file requests for compliance review by ADB’s Compliance Review Panel.

21 The revised accountability mechanism became effective on 24 May 2012.

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IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

268. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared for the project. It will provide the mechanism of implementation of mitigation and monitoring measures. The full EMP is presented in Attachment EMP. It will also be attached to the Project Administration Manual (PAM) of the project. The EMP defines mitigation measures and describes the involved institutions and mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of the mitigation measures. Such institutions and mechanisms will seek to ensure continuous improvement of environmental protection activities during preconstruction, construction, and operation of the project in order to prevent, reduce, or mitigate adverse impacts. The EMP draws on the domestic project EIR, this project EIA, the SWCR, and on the PPTA discussions and agreements with the relevant government agencies. The EMP will be reviewed and updated at the end of the detailed design in order to be consistent with the final detailed design. The updated EMP will be disclosed on ADB’s project website.

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X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Expected Project Benefits

269. This project will directly benefit a population of 550,000 in the Jizhou and Qingyuan Districts in Ji’ an, as well as a future population of 300,000 in the Western City Development Area.

270. The project will improve public transport, urban road network, multi-modal logistics, pedestrian facilities, non-motorized transport and road safety through the provision of five urban roads, improvements to the existing railway station layout and traffic management systems. The rehabilitation of Yudai River will improve flood protection and will provide a riverside park of aesthetic and recreational value for residents in the Western City Development Area.

271. The GEF funded activities will support the introduction of diesel hybrid-electric buses, adoption of low-carbon transport systems and improve capacity for integrated transport and land use planning. The Project combined with the GEF funded activities are estimated to avoid total GHG emissions (direct and indirect) of around 2.3-2.6 million tonnes over the project lifetime of 20 years.

B. Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures

272. This project will result in permanent loss of 210 ha of land and temporary loss of 32 ha of land which is primarily secondary woodland and farmland dominated by common trees, shrubs and grasses which are not of conservation value. Land acquisition and resettlement will affect 1,742 households and 6,789 people on collective land, and 14 government agencies and enterprises including 188 employees on government owned land. Rural house demolition will total 70,682 m2, affecting 184 households and 806 people. Urban house demolition will total 9178 m2, affecting 90 households and 360 people. Enterprise demolition will total 14,795 m2.

273. The camphor tree, which is under national Class II protection, was found at a number of locations on or near the proposed urban road alignments. Avoidance of these locations during the detailed design of the urban road alignments shall be the primary mitigation measure. If avoidance is not possible, transplant schemes shall be developed.

274. Old camphor trees were recorded at three locations with one location on the proposed Junhua Avenue alignment. Detailed design of urban road alignments must avoid these locations. These old camphor trees shall also be tagged, conspicuously marked and fenced off prior to commencement of construction.

275. During construction, potential impacts mainly relate to earthwork road paving, sediment dredging, and construction of embankments and road bridges. The project may have soil erosion, air quality, noise, water quality, ecology, solid waste and occupational health and safety impacts. Potential air quality impact may occur due to fugitive dust generated on the construction site from stockpiles of uncovered earth materials and vehicles travelling on unpaved haul roads, as well as fumes from asphalt cement during road paving. The use of powered mechanical equipment during construction activities will generate noise. Construction activities will generate process wastewater and construction workers will produce wastewater.

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Dredging will stir up and re-suspend the sediment, affecting water quality as well as aquatic biota. Earthwork and construction activities will remove vegetation and ecological habitats, causing disruption and disturbance to nearby biota. Construction works will produce C&D wastes including excavated earth materials and dredged sediment. Workers will face occupational health and safety issues working on construction sites. Good housekeeping and effective mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce these impacts to acceptable levels. The temporary land take areas for construction staging areas, haul roads and borrow pits will be vegetated and landscaped upon completion of the construction stage.

276. Ecological surveys showed that the flora and fauna in the project area of influence are common species. Besides the camphor tree, protected species recorded in the project area of influence consist of the Yellow-Breasted Bunting (IUCN: Endangered) and two amphibian species, four reptile species, one mammal species and 16 bird species that are on the provincial protection list. These species have been described in literature as having wide distribution and the project sites are not the type locality of any of these species. The EMP specifies that the construction workers will be prohibited from capturing wildlife on construction sites. A more detailed ecology study was carried out to inform the project landscaping proposals, three bird species with vulnerable status and an additional six national Class II protected bird species were identified in the wider project area. The ecologist worked with the detailed design team to ensure that landscape proposals are responsive to habitat requirements of species of conservation value in the wider project area.

277. There are no protected areas or physical cultural resource other than the old camphor trees within the project area of influence. The creation of the riverside park presents an opportunity to create new wetland and woodland habitats of value for local biodiversity and local communities. The revised landscaping proposals incorporate woodland, shrub, grassland, wet meadow, deep and shallow marshes and aquatic habitats to take account of habitat requirements of the species of conservation value that have been identified in the wider project area. A more detailed report on these proposals is included in Appendix 2.

278. Based on information gathered and assessments performed by the domestic environmental design institutes, it is concluded that environmental impacts during the construction and operational stages of the project would be acceptable and in compliance with PRC regulations and standards and ADB’s SPS (2009) if the prepared EMP is implemented and monitored diligently. The EMP defines mitigation measures and monitoring requirements for the design, construction, and operational stages of the project. Appropriate environmental safeguards for the planned works are proposed and form part of a comprehensive set of project management documents.

C. Risks and Assurances

279. The Project has no unusual technical risks and conventional engineering designs with proven reliability and performance will be adopted for all the components. From an environment safeguards point of view, the main risk relates to the failure of the JPMO, JMUCIDC and O&M units to monitor environmental impacts and implement the EMP during construction and operational stages. This risk will be mitigated by (i) providing training in environmental management under the project; (ii) appointing qualified project implementation consultants, (iii) following appropriate project implementation monitoring and mitigation arrangements, (iv) ADB conducting regular project reviews; and (v) project assurances covenanted in the loan and project agreement with ADB.

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280. General and specific environmental project assurances are required to ensure that the project can achieve its envisaged outcome. The following sections define the assurances that will be included in the loan and project agreements.

281. General environmental assurances . JMG will ensure and cause the IA to ensure that the preparation, design, construction, implementation, operation, maintenance, monitoring and decommissioning of the project and project facilities comply with (i) all applicable laws and regulations of the Government environment , health, and safety; (ii) the Environmental Safeguards (i.e. principles and requirements set forth in ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009); and (iii) all measures and requirements set forth in the domestic environmental impact reports (EIR), this EIA and environmental management plan (EMP) for the project; and any corrective or preventive actions (a) set forth in a safeguards monitoring report, or (b) which are subsequently agreed between ADB and the Government. JMG will cause the IA to prepare, at the outset of component implementation, detailed internal monitoring programs to be implemented by the contractors during construction and operation phases, and to incorporate such mitigation and monitoring measures into the design of components, relevant bidding documents and construction contracts. Throughout project implementation, JMG and the IA will review any changes to the project design that may potentially cause negative environmental impacts, and in consultation with ADB, update EIA and EMP by revising mitigation measures as necessary to assure full environmental compliance.

282. JMG and JMUCIDC will ensure that sufficient resources and full-time personnel are provided for monitoring EMP implementation, under the guidance of JEPD, and making appropriate use of external independent environmental monitoring centers. JMG will ensure that JMUCIDC is obliged to provide semi-annual environmental monitoring reports throughout the construction period to the JPMO, which will in turn prepare and submit to ADB semi-annual environmental monitoring reports in a format acceptable to ADB.

283. Specific environmental assurances . JMG will ensure that within 60 days from the loan effectiveness, JPMO establishes the project grievance redress mechanism relating to safeguards in line with the EMP and Resettlement Plan and establishes a task force functioning effectively to: (a) review and document eligible complaints of project stakeholders; (b) proactively address grievances; (c) agree with the complainants the chosen mechanism for redress; and (d) prepare periodic reports to summarize the number of complaints received and resolved, and final outcomes of the grievances and chosen actions and make these reports available to ADB on request. Eligible complaints include those related to the Project, any of the service providers, any person responsible for carrying out the Project, complaints on misuse of funds and other irregularities and grievances due to any safeguard issues, including resettlement, environment, and gender.

284. JMG will ensure that the detailed design of all urban road alignments in the Western City Development Area will avoid locations with old camphor trees as listed in this report, and that all old camphor trees shall be tagged, conspicuously marked and fenced off before the commencement of construction.

285. JMG will ensure that the detailed design of all urban road alignments in the Western City Development Area will avoid locations with camphor trees as the primary objective. If full avoidance is not possible, transplant schemes for these camphor trees shall be developed during detailed design and inserted into tender documents.

286. JMG will ensure that all excavated spoil and construction and demolition waste

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generated during construction will be temporarily stored or permanently disposed of at designated locations only and that these locations shall be at least 500 m from any water body.

287. JMG will ensure that measures described in this EMP for traffic noise mitigation will be implemented.

D. Overall Conclusion

288. The domestic planning and project EIRs and this EIA conclude that all identified environmental impacts can be mitigated to acceptable levels if the measures defined in the EMP and assurances are carefully implemented and monitored. The project is feasible from an environmental safeguards point of view and will contribute to significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

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Appendix 1 123

Appendix 1: Environmental Management Plan

124 Appendix 1

Table of CONTENTS A. Introduction ...... 1 B. Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities for EMP implementation ...... 0 C. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 4 D. Monitoring and Reporting ...... 28 E. Institutional Capacity Building and Training ...... 31 F. Consultation, Participation and Information Disclosure ...... 32 G. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 33 H. Cost Estimates ...... 35 I. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment ...... 36

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Appendix 2 0

A. Introduction

This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed for the Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project (the project). It identifies the potential project environmental impacts and defines mitigation measures and monitoring requirements for the design, construction, and operational stages of the project. It also defines the institutional arrangements and mechanisms, the roles and responsibilities of different institutions, procedures and budgets for implementation of the EMP. The EMP seeks to ensure environmental protection activities during preconstruction, construction, and operation continuously improve in order to prevent, reduce, or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and risks. The EMP draws on the findings of the project EIA, the domestic Environmental Impact Reports (EIR), Soil and Water Conservation Plan (SWCP), the Project Preparation Technical Assistance (PPTA) reports, and discussions and agreements with relevant government agencies and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

This EMP is based on proposed project designs as of December 2013. Detailed engineering designs are yet to be finalized and may require subsequent impact assessment and/or revisions to this EMP. The Ji’an Municipal Government (JMG) will provide the detailed designs to ADB for review to determine if the EMP requires revision. The final EMP will be disclosed on the ADB public website (www.adb.org) and included in the Project Administration Manual (PAM). The final EMP will also be included as a separate annex in all bidding and contract documents. The contractors will be informed of their obligations to implement the EMP, and to include EMP implementation costs in their bids for project works.

The EMP includes an environmental monitoring program. The monitoring results will be used to evaluate (i) the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts, (ii) the performance of the environmental protection measures and compliance with relevant laws and regulations, (iii) trends of impacts, and (iv) overall effectiveness of the project EMP.

B. Institutional arrangements and responsibilities for EMP implementation

As Executing Agency (EA), the Ji’an Municipal Government (JMG) will be responsible for the overall implementation and compliance with loan assurances and the EMP (including Environmental Monitoring Plan).

Ji’an Project Leading Group (JPLG). The JPLG has been established for the project comprising of senior officials from relevant government agencies, to facilitate inter-agency coordination, and to resolve any institutional problems affecting project implementation at a municipal level.

The EA has established the Ji’an Project Management Office (JPMO), who will be responsible, on behalf of the EA, for the day-to-day management of the project. The JPMO will have the overall responsibility to supervise the implementation of environment mitigation and monitoring measures, coordinate the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and report to ADB. JPMO will (i) appoint at least one environmental specialist on its staff to coordinate and manage EMP implementation, (ii) contract the Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station (JEMS) to conduct environmental impact monitoring during the construction stage, (iii) engage the loan implementation consultants (LIC) services, (iv) contract an external Environmental Supervision Engineer (ESE) to conduct independent verification of EMP implementation and environmental impact monitoring results during the construction and

Appendix 2 operational stages of the project, and (v) supervise the procurement process. The JPMO environmental specialist will (i) supervise contractors and their compliance with the EMP; (ii) conduct regular site inspections; (iii) act as local entry point for the project GRM; (iv) submit environmental impact monitoring results provided by the JEMS to the JPMO and JEPB for verification and confirmation. JPMO will prepare quarterly project progress reports and semi- annual environment monitoring reports and submit them to ADB.

Implementing Agency (IA). The Ji’an Urban Investment and Development Company, Ltd. (JIDC) (JMUCIDC) will be the IA for the project. It will hire the technical engineering design institutes (DI), implement project components, administer and monitor contractors and suppliers, and be responsible for construction supervision and quality control. To ensure that the contractors comply with the EMP provisions, JMUCIDC with the help and technical support of a Tendering Agent and the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) under the LIC services, will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental management and monitoring requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals; (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions; and (iii) major items in the EIA, and the full EMP.

Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures during construction under the supervision of JMUCIDC (through the ESE) and JPMO. In their bids, contractors will be required to respond to the environmental management and monitoring requirements defined in the EMP. Each contractor will be required to develop site specific EMPs and will assign a person responsible for environment, health and safety. After project completion, environmental management responsibilities will be handed over to O&M units.

O&M Units. During the operational phase, JMUCIDC and the JEPB will periodically verify and monitor (through a licensed monitoring entity) the environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures by the operators (O&M Units) of the project components. The cost of mitigation measures in this phase will be borne by the relevant O&M Units.

Loan Implementation Environnemental Consultant (LIEC). Under the loan implementation consultancy (LIC) services, a LIEC will support the project. Terms of reference for this external environmental monitoring consultant is provided in the Project Administration Manual. The LIEC will be contracted by the JPMO, and will:

 assess the project components’ environmental readiness prior to implementation based on the readiness indicators defined in Table EMP-3 in the EMP;  support JPMO in updating the EMP including monitoring plan as necessary to revise or incorporate additional environmental mitigation and monitoring measures, budget, institutional arrangements, etc., that may be required based on the detailed design; submit to ADB for approval and disclosure; ensure compliance with the PRC’s environmental laws and regulations, ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and Public Communications Policy (2011);  if required, update the EIA and EMP reports for changes in the project during detailed design or project implementation (for example if there is a minor or major scope change) that would result in adverse environmental impacts not within the scope of the approved EIA/EMP;  assist the JMG and JPMO to establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), and provide training for the JPMO and GRM access points (including, but not limited to, JMUCIDC and contractors);

2 Appendix 1

 conduct regular EMP compliance assessments, undertake site visits as required, identify any environment-related implementation issues, and propose and oversee implementation of necessary corrective actions;  assist the JPMO to prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring and progress reports to ADB;  provide training to JPMO, JMUCIDC, O&M units and contractors on environmental laws, regulations and policies, SPS 2009, EMP implementation, and GRM in accordance with the training plan defined in the EMP (Table EMP-7); and  assist the JPMO and JMUCIDC in conducting consultation meetings with relevant stakeholders as required, informing them of imminent construction works, updating them on the latest project development activities, GRM.

Environmental Supervision Engineer (ESE). The environment performance of the project will be verified by an independent ESE, to be contracted by JPMO. The ESE will review EMP implementation and monitoring activities and results, assess EMP implementation performance, visit the project sites and consult potentially affected people, discuss assessment with the JPMO and JMUCIDC; and suggest corrective actions. The ESE will prepare monthly reports for submission to JPMO which will be reviewed by the JPMO during the preparation of the quarterly project progress reports for ADB and by the LIEC during the preparation of the semi-annual environment monitoring reports for ADB.

Overall environmental responsibilities are outlined in Table EMP-1.

Table EMP-1: Environmental responsibilities Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility Project preparation Design Institutes on behalf  Prepare feasibility study reports (FSR), environmental impact of JPMO report (EIR), soil and water conservation report (SWCR), resettlement plan (RP) JPMO  Review the FSRs, EIRs, SWCR and RP.  Engage a staff environmental specialist JEPB  Review and approve the EIR JPWRB  Review and approve the SWCR PPTA consultant  Provide technical assistance  Review domestic EIR  Conduct environmental due diligence  Prepare project environmental impact assessment (EIA) report and environmental management plan (EMP) ADB  Review and approve the EIA and EMP and disclose Detailed design Design Institutes on behalf  Incorporate mitigation measures defined in the EMP into of JPMO engineering detailed designs JPMO  Review mitigation measures defined in the EMP, update where necessary based on detailed design  Engage the independent Environmental Supervision Engineer (ESE).  Engage the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) under the Loan Implementation Consulting Services ESE and LIEC  Review detailed design to ensure inclusion of relevant mitigation measures  Assist JPMO in updating the EMP where necessary ADB  Approve updated EMP and disclose Tendering, JPMO  Incorporate EMP clauses into tender documents contracting and pre-  Commission JEMS for internal environmental quality monitoring

Appendix 2

Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility construction during the construction phase  Establish the project grievance redress mechanism with a complaint center and hotline ESE  Review tender documents to ensure inclusion of EMP clauses  Review contractor’s method statements on implementation of mitigation measures LIEC  Review tender documents to ensure inclusion of EMP clauses  Conduct training for the staff from JPMO, IA, O&M units and contractors on environmental management, environmental monitoring and EMP implementation Contractors  Prepare and submit tenders for the construction contracts, to include staffing and costs for environmental management to comply with the EMP  Prepare method statements on implementation of mitigation measures ADB  Review bid documents and confirm project’s readiness Construction IA  Develop project management procedures, implementation plan, and financial management  Approve contractor’s method statements on implementation of mitigation measures  Undertake day-to-day project and EMP implementation activities for all infrastructure components  Administer and monitor the contractors and suppliers  Supervise EMP implementation to ensure compliance by contractors JPMO  Coordinate with all involved agencies, departments, and institutes for project implementation  Coordinate the project level grievance redress mechanism  Conduct public consultations as indicated in the EMP  Supervise EMP implementation  Prepare project documents and report to JMG, JPLG and ADB  Submit withdrawal applications and supporting documents to ADB  Submit project implementation progress reports and safeguards monitoring reports to ADB  Submit all procurement and disbursement documents to ADB for necessary approval  Disclose project-related information and documents in accordance with ADB guidelines JEMS  Conduct internal environmental quality monitoring in accordance with the EMP  Recommend additional environmental quality monitoring when needed  Prepare and submit monitoring results to JPMO, IA and JEPB monthly ESE  Conduct external compliance monitoring of EMP implementation  Review internal environmental quality monitoring data collected by JEMS  Prepare monthly environmental monitoring reports  Advise on mitigation measures when needed  Assist JPMO and IA in preparing monthly and quarterly project progress reports

4 Appendix 1

Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility  Support LIEC with preparation of semi-annual environmental monitoring reports LIEC  Conduct compliance monitoring of EMP implementation  Assist JPMO in preparing semi-annual environme ntal monitoring reports for submission to ADB  Prepare environmental completion report for ADB JEPB  Conduct periodic and random inspections of all construction projects relative to compliance with PRC regulations and standards ADB  Review semi-annual environmental monitoring reports  Undertake review missions Operation O&M units  Operate and maintain the project facilities  Engage JEMS in conducting environmental quality monitoring during the operational phase IA  Coordinate and supervise EMP implementation JEMS  Conduct internal environmental monitoring for the first year of operation according to the EMP ADB  Conduct project completion review Notes : ADB = Asian Development Bank; ESE = environmental supervision engineer; IA = Implementing Agency; JEMS = Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station; JEPB = Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau; JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; JPWRB = Jiangxi Provincial Water Resource Bureau; LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant; O&M = operation and maintenance; PPTA = project preparation technical assistance

C. Summary of potential impacts and mitigation measures

Potential environmental issues and impacts during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases, and corresponding mitigation measures, are summarized in Table EMP-2. These include two types of mitigation measures:

(i) Measures that will permanently become part of the infrastructure such as landscape planting, road signage and markings should be included within the main civil work contract costs, and are not double counted as part of the EMP costs. The only exception for this project is $247,000 for the provision of traffic noise mitigation measures consisting of planting woodland buffers and installing regular and ventilated double-glazed windows.

(ii) Temporary measures during the construction stage (e.g. dust suppression by watering, use of quiet / low noise powered mechanical equipment, flocculants used to facilitate sedimentation of suspended solids in construction site runoff, etc.) will need to be included in the tender documents to ensure that contractors include in their budgets.

The mitigation measures defined in the EMP will be (i) checked and where necessary re- designed by the design institutes and the EMP subsequently updated; (ii) incorporated into tender documents (where appropriate), construction contracts, and operational management plans; and (iii) implemented by contractors and IAs under supervision of JPMO. The effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated based on the results of the environmental impact monitoring conducted by JEMS, and through EMP compliance verification conducted by the ESE and LIEC.

Appendix 2

Table EMP-2: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds Detailed Design Stage Conservat Soil resources Loss of land and topsoil  Minimize permanent and temporary land take for Design Institute JPMO Included in ion of and increased risk of development. design contract natural erosion  Retain/incorporate landscape features of interest resources in design.  Optimize balance between cut and fill and avoid deep cuts and high embankments to minimize earthworks.  Maximize reuse of spoil within the construction or adjacent construction works.  Agree spoil disposal sites, management and rehabilitation plan with local Environment Protection Bureau and the Cityscape Department  Remove and store topsoil (10-30cm) for restoration works prior to main earthworks.  Specify vegetation that serves specific bioengineering functions.  Design appropriate drainage systems for slopes to reduce soil erosion. Materials Efficient use of resources  Specify energy efficient lighting and cooling/heating systems.  Specify materials that are recycled, have recycled content or are from sustainable sources, particularly for street furniture and fixtures/fittings.  Specify the use of renewable energy (such as photovoltaic panels) for stations, signs, lighting, where appropriate.  Specify grey water collection and water conservation, where possible Design of Extreme Landslide and flooding  Consider potential impacts from extreme weather Design Institute JPMO Included in road weather event due to torrential rainfall events due to climate change in designing road design contract alignment due to climate subgrade, pavement, road-side slopes, drainage , road change system, bridges and culverts. surface,  Adopt appropriate protective measures such as drainage, vegetation cover, geotextiles, settling basins,

6 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds flood permeable paving, infiltration ditches, stepped control slopes, riprap, crib walls, retaining walls and and intercepting ditches to reduce the speed of lighting surface run-off.  Take account of recommendations made in Climate Risk and Vulnerability Analysis study to adopt the high emissions scenario climate change projections as the basis of design for drainage components that would be difficult to replace or repair. Flood control capacity of  Consider potential impacts from extreme storm Design Institute JPMO Included in Yudai River events due to climate change in designing the design contract flood control capacity of Yudai River.  Take account of recommendation made in Climate Risk and Vulnerability Analysis study to increase urban drainage capacity and consider the need for a flood water pumping station. Ecology Loss of camphor trees  Technical design of the urban road alignments Design Institute JPMO Included in (under national Class II will avoid the removal of these trees as the design contract protection) (see Figure primary objective. IV.5 in the EIA report)  If avoidance is not possible, design replanting schemes for these trees. Physical Preservation of old  Technical design of the urban road alignments Design Institute JPMO Included in cultural camphor trees ( see Table MUST avoid all locations with old camphor trees design contract resource IV.19 in the EIA report) as shown in Table IV.9 in the EIA report. Health and Promotion of non-  Design must ensure public health and safety. Design Institute JPMO Included in safety motorized transport,  Promote non-motorized traffic. design contract protection of vulnerable  Ensure barrier-free design for disabled people. road users Air emissions Construction transport  Specify local materials from licensed providers Design Institute JPMO Included in emissions that minimize transport distance. design contract Noise Road traffic noise  Technical design of urban roads will include the Design Institute JPMO Included in planting of road-side woodland buffer for noise design contract mitigation as indicated in the project Environmental Impact Report and Tables V.8 and V.11 in the EIA report

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds Water quality Polluted run-off into Yudai  Technical design of urban road drainage to Design Institute JPMO Included in River ensure that drainage design and discharge design contract locations minimize risk of pollution of Yudai River. Need for pollution interceptors and treatment should be considered. Ecology Loss of natural habitats  Retain and incorporate natural habitat features Design Institute JPMO Included in and create new habitats that incorporate design contract requirements of species of conservation value that have been identified in project area of influence. Ecologist to review and provide specialist inputs into the design of the riverside park.  Adopt soft engineered bankside protection methods where possible. Design of  Specify species that are in keeping with local Riverside environment and are of local provenance. Park Water quality Dumping of waste and  Ensure adequate provision of waste management Design Institute JPMO Included in and waste run-off facilities away from the river that provide options design contract management for waste segregation, recycling and reuse.  Segregate green waste (vegetation waste from park maintenance) from general refuse for composting.  Provide drainage for car park and other areas of hard standing and ensure that attenuation and discharge points are appropriate. Pre-construction Stage Institution - Lack of environmental  Appoint qualified environment specialist on staff JPMO ADB JMG al management capacities within the JPMO strengthe within JPMO, JMUCIDC  Contract loan implementation environment ning and O&M units consultant (LIEC) within loan administration consultant services; Conduct environment management training. - Lack of environmental  Contract Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station JPMO ADB JPMO monitoring capability and (JEMS) to conduct project impact monitoring qualification during construction.  Contract JEMS to conduct project impact O&M units JPMO O&M units monitoring during the operational stage.

8 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds EMP - -  Review mitigation measures defined in this EMP, JPMO, LIEC ADB JPMO, Loan Update update as required to reflect detailed design, implementation disclose updated EMP on project website. TA Tender Air quality Dust (TSP) impact to Put into tender documents dust suppression Design Institute JPMO; LIEC Included in document sensitive receptors measures: tendering s  Provide dust masks to operating personnel; agency contract  Spray water regularly on hauling an d access roads to borrow pits (at lea st once a day) to suppress dust; and erect hoarding around dusty activities;  Minimize the storage time of construction and demolition wastes on site by regularly removing them off site;  Equip asphalt, hot mix and batchi ng plants with fabric filters and/or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. Additionally, site asphalt mixing stations at least 300 meters downwind of the nearest residential household;  Mount protective canvasses on all trucks which transport material that could generate dust;  Build access and hauling roads at sufficient distances from residential areas, particular, from local schools and hospitals;  Assign haulage routes and schedules to avoid transport occurring in the central areas, traffic intensive areas or residential areas. For the areas with high demand on environmental quality, transport should be arranged at night.  Keep construction vehicles and machinery in good working order, regularly service and turn off engines when not in use;  Vehicles with an open load-carrying case, which transport potentially dust-producing materials, shall have proper fitting sides and tail boards. Dust-prone materials shall not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail board s, and shall

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds always be covered with a strong tarpaulin;  Install wheel washing equipment or conduct wheel washing manually at each exit of the works area to prevent trucks from carrying muddy or dusty substance onto public roads;  In periods of high wind, dust-generating operations shall not be permitted with in 200 m of residential areas. Special precautions need to be applied in the vicinity of sensitive areas such as schools, kindergartens and hospitals;  Equip material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment with dust shrouds. For the earthwork management f or backfill, measures will include surface press and periodical spraying and covering. The extra earth or dreg should be cleared from the project site in time to avoid long term stockpiling. The height of stockpiles sho uld be less than 0.7m;  To avoid odor impacts caused by channel cleaning, transport the removed trash quickly to the local landfill. Transport of dredged sediments will be undertaken in closed tank wagons to prevent scattering along the way a nd impacting the urban area;  Site temporary dredged sediment storage locations at least 50 m downwind of the nearest residential household;  Unauthorized burning of construction and demolition waste material and refuse shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding of payment. Noise PME noise impact to Put into tender documents the following noise Design Institute JPMO; LIEC Included in sensitive receptors mitigation measures: tendering  During daytime construction, the co ntractor will agency contract ensure that: (i) noise levels from equ ipment and machinery conform to the PRC standard for Noise

10 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-2011) and the WBG EHS Standards, and properly maintain machinery to minimize noise; (ii) equipment with high noise and high vibratio n are not used near villag e or township areas and only low noise machinery or the equipment with sound insulation is employed; (iii) sites for asphalt-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 300 m away from the nearest sensitive recep tor; and (iii) temporary anti-noise barriers or hoardings will be installed around the equipment to shield residences when there are residences within 50 m of the noise source;  For all the urban roads, there will be no nighttime (between 2200 and 0600 hours) construction;  Regularly monitor noise at sensitive are as (refer to the monitoring plan). If noise standards are exceeded by more than 3 dB, equipment and construction conditions shall be checked, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation;  Provide the construction workers with suita ble hearing protection (earmuffs) according to the worker health protection law of the PRC;  Control the speed of bulldozer, excavator, crusher and other transport vehicles travelling on site, adopt noise reduct ion measures on equipment, step up eq uipment repair and maintenance to keep them in good working condition;  Limit the speed of vehicles travelling on site (less than 8 km/hr), forbid the use of horns unless absolutely necessary, minimize the use of whistles;  Maintain continual communication with the villages and communities along the road alignments and Yudai River.

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds Water quality Construction site Put into tender documents the following measures to Design Institute JPMO; LIEC Included in wastewater, bridge treat wastewater and runoff from construction sites tendering construction and dredgin g and to contain suspended solids dispersion during agency contract impact on water bodies bridge construction and dredging:  Portable toilets and small package wastewat er treatment plants will be provided on construction sites for the workers and canteens; If there are nearby public sewers, interim storage tanks and pipelines will be installed to convey wastewater to those sewers;  Sedimentation tanks will be installed on construction sites to treat process water (e.g. concrete batching for bridge construction) and muddy runoff with high concentrations of suspended solids. If necessary, flocculants such as polyacryl amide (PAM) will be used to facilitate sedimentation;  Construction of road bridge foundations will avoid the rainy season from May to October to minimize potential water quality impact. Mitigation measures such as placement of sandbags or berms around foundation works to contain muddy water runoff will be adopte d. Slurry from pile drilling in the riverbed will be pumped to shore and properly disposed of. This will reduce the disturbance of sediments and the impact on water quality. Pier construction in Yudai River will be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow;  Dredg ing in Yudai River will be done in the dry and during the dry season from October to March to minimize potential water quality impact. Sandbags or berms placed around the dredging area will be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow;  Construction machinery will be repaired and

12 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds washed at special repairing shops. No onsite machine repair and washing shall be allowed;  Storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials will be within s ecured areas on impermeable su rfaces, and provided with bunds and cleanup kits;  The contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fuel, and must be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88);  Material stockpiles will be protected against wind and runoff waters which might transport them to surface waters;  Any spills are to be cleaned up according to PRC norms and codes within 24 ho urs of the occurrence, with contaminated soils and w ater treated according to PRC norms and codes. Records must be handed over without delay to the HPMO and HEPB;  Mitigation of water quality impact during water pumping and sediment removal at each dredging location will be based on water quality monito ring results. The water quality monitoring approach for dredging works will include, at each dredging location, one control station up current of the location and one impact station down current of the location. When the monitoring result shows that the suspend ed solids (SS) level at the down current impact station is 130% higher than that at the up current control station, it is indicative of bottom sediment being stirred up and discharged downstream by water pumping or during sedi ment excavation. The contracto r shall reduce the pumping or excavation rate and/or pump the slurry to a sedimentation pond first for settling of

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds SS, until the down current SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level;  Similar monitoring approach will be adopted for mitigating water quality impact during road bridge construction, where up current and down current monitoring stations will be set up and SS levels monitored. When the SS levels at the down current impact station is 130% higher than the SS levels at the up current control station, the contractor shall adopt alternative construction methods or additional mitigation measures until the down current SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level. Ecology Impact on trees and Put into tender documents the following ecological Design Institute JPMO; LIEC Included in wildlife mitigation measures: tendering  All camphor trees at the 3 locations identified in agency contract this EIA (see Figure IV.5) must be tagged, conspicuously marked and fenced off before commencement of construction  Construction workers are prohibited from capturing any wildlife anywhere in the project area and from damaging the camphor trees Physical Preservation of old Put into tender documents the following ecological Design Institute JPMO; LIEC Included in cultural camphor trees mitigation measures: tendering resources  All old camphor trees at the 3 locations identified agency contract in this EIA (see Table IV.19)) must be tagged, conspicuously marked and fenced off before commencement of construction  Construction workers are prohibited from damaging the old camphor trees Solid waste Disposal or storage of Specify in tender documents the following mitigation Design Institute JPMO; LIEC Included in excavated spoil and measures: tendering construction and  Locations of approved spoil disposal and storage agency contract demolition waste sites, other sites cannot be used unless authorized by appropriate agency.  Approved storage and disposal sites for

14 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds construction and demolition waste, other sites not to be used. Health & safety Occupational health & Specify in tender documents the provision of Design Institute JPMO; LIEC Included in safety of workers personal safety and protective equipment such as tendering safety hats and shoes, eye goggles, respiratory agency contract masks, etc. to all construction workers. Constructi Traffic Construction vehicles Plan transport routes for construction vehicles and Design Institute, JPMO; LIEC Included in on traffic causing traffic congestion specify in tender documents to forbid vehicles from Local traffic police tendering using other roads and during peak traffic hours. agency contract Estimated cost for Design and Pre-construction stage: In cluded in detailed design and contract tender fees

Construction Stage Constructi Soil resources Spoil disposal  Strip and store topsoil in a stockpile for reuse in Contractors JMUCIDC, ESE, Included in the on site restoration. LIEC implementation good  Use spoil disposal sites approved by YEPB and of the approved practice manage in accordance with approved plan. Soil and Water  Avoid side casting of spoil on slopes. Conservation  Co-ordinate with water resources bureau Plan monitoring station on effectiveness of soil erosion prevention measures and any need for remedial action.  Rehabilitate and restore spoil disposal sites in accordance with agreed plan.  Conduct project completion audit to confirm that spoil disposal site rehabilitation meets required standard, contractor liable in case of non- compliance. Soil erosion  Ensure contractors aware of all soil erosion Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, Included in the requirements as set out in the approved plan in LIEC implementation the Soil and Water Conservation Report and of the approved have developed appropriate method statements Soil and Water and management proposals. Conservation  Avoid rainy season. If necessary, construct Plan berms to direct rainwater runoff away from exposed surface.  Install drainage ditches and sedimentation tanks

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds in temporary construction areas to prevent soil erosion and to manage run-off.  Stabilize all cut slopes, embankments and other erosion-prone working areas while works are ongoing. Implement permanent stabilization measures as soon as possible, at least within 30 days.  Pay close attention to drainage provision and establishment of vegetation cover on backfilled areas to prevent soil erosion.  If restoration is carried out during periods of hot or extreme weather, ensu re adequate aftercare to maximize survival. Soil contamination  Properly store petroleum products, hazardous Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, Included in the materials and wastes on impervious. LIEC implementation  Develop spill response plan. Keep a stock of of the approved absorbent materials (e.g. sand, earth or Soil and Water commercial products) on site to deal with Conservation spillages and train staff in their use. Plan  If there is a spill take immediate action to prevent entering drains, watercourses, unmade ground or porous surfaces. Do not hose the spillage down or use any detergents use oil absorbents and dispose of used absorbents at a waste management facility.  Record any spill events and actions taken in environmental monitoring logs and report to LIEC.  Properly store petroleum products, hazardous materials and waste in clearly labeled containers on an impermeable surface in secure and covered areas, preferably with a containment tray for any leaks.  Remove all construction waste from the site to approved waste disposal sites.

16 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds Air quality Dust (TSP) during  Provide dust masks to operating personnel; Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, $20,000 construction  Spray water regularly on hauling and access LIEC roads to borrow pits (at least once a day) to suppress dust; and erect hoarding around dusty activities;  Minimize th e storage time of construction and demolition wastes on site by regularly removing them off site;  Equip concrete batching plants with fabric filters and/or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. Additionally, con crete mixing stations at least 300 meters downwind of the nearest residential household;  Mount protective canvasses on all trucks which transport material that could generate dust;  Build access and hauling roads at sufficient distances from residential are as, particular, from local schools and hospitals;  Assign haulage routes and schedules to avoid transport occurring in the central areas, traffic intensive areas or residential areas. For the areas with high demand on environmental quality , transport should be arranged at night.  Keep construction vehicles and machinery in good working order, regularly service and turn off engines when not in use;  Vehicles with an open load-carrying case, which transport potentially dust-producing materials, shall have proper fitting sides and tail boards. Dust-prone materials shall not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall always be covered with a strong tarpaulin;  Install wheel washing equipment or conduct wheel washing manually at each exit of the works are a to prevent trucks from carrying muddy or dusty substance onto public roads;

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds  Immediately cleanup all muddy or dusty materials on public roads outside the exits of the works areas.  In periods of high wind, dust-generating operations shall not be permitted withi n 100 m of residential areas. Special precautions need to be applied in the vicinity of sensitive areas such as schools and hospitals;  Equip material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment with dust shrouds. For the e arthwork management for backfill, mea sures will include surface press and periodical spraying and covering. The extra earth or dreg should be cleared from the project site in time to avoid long term stockpiling. The height of stockpiles shou ld be less than 0.7m;  Plan the transport routes and time to avoid busy traffic and heavily populated areas when transporting earthy materials;  Immediately plant vegetation in all temporary land take areas upon completion of construction t o prevent dust and soil erosion;  Unauthorized burning of construction a nd demolition waste material and refuse shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding of payment. Fumes and particulate  Locate asphalt plants and mixers at least 200m Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, matter from asphalt downwind from residential areas and other LIEC mixing plant, concrete sensitive receptors. batching plant and other  Enclose these plants and equip them with bag equipment and machinery house filter or similar air pollution control equipment.  Regularly inspect and certify vehicle and equipment emissions and maintain to a high standard.

18 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds Noise and Noise from PME and  During daytime construction, the contractor wi ll Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, $30,000 vibration vehicles ensure that: (i) noise levels from equipment and LIEC machinery conform to the PRC standard for Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-2011) and the WBG EHS Standards, and properly maintain machinery to minimize noise; (ii) equipment with high noise and high vibration are not used near village or township areas and only low noise machinery or the equipment with sound insulation is employed; (iii) sites for asphalt-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 300 m away from the nearest sensitive receptor; and (iii) temporary anti-noise barriers o r hoardings will be installed around the equipment to shield residences when there are residences within 50 m of the noise source;  For all the urban roads, there will be no nighttime (between 2200 and 0600 hours) construction;  Regularly monitor noise at sensitive areas (re fer to the mon itoring plan). If noise standards are exceeded by more than 3 dB, equipment and construction conditions shall be checked, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation;  Provide the construction w orkers with suitable hearing protection (earmuffs ) according to the worker health protection law of the PRC;  Control the speed of bulldozer, excavator, crusher and other transport vehicles travelling on site, adopt noise reduction measures on equi pment, step up equipment repair and m aintenance to keep them in good working condition;  Limit the speed of vehicles travelling on site (less than 8 km/hr), forbid the use of horns unless absolutely necessary, minimize the use of whistles;

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds  Maintain continual communication with th e villages and communities along the road alignments and Yudai River.

Water quality Construction site runoff  Portable toilets and small package wastewa ter Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, $20,000 and wastewater treatment plants will be provided on construction LIEC discharge; dredging sites for the workers and canteens; If there are impact nearby public sewers, interim storage tanks and pipelines will be installed to convey wastewater to those sewers;  Sedimentation tanks will be installed o n construction sites to treat process water (e.g. concrete batching for bridge construction) and muddy runoff with high concentrations of suspended solids. If necessary, flocculants such as polyacryl amide (PAM) will be used to faci litate sedimentation;  Construction of road bridge foundations will avoid the rainy season from May to October to minimize potential water quality impact. Mitigation measures such as placement of sandbags or berms around foundation works to contain muddy water runoff will be adopt ed. Slurry from pile drilling in the riverbed will be pumped to shore and

20 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds properly disposed of. This will reduce the disturbance of sediments and the impact on water quality. Pier construction in Yudai River will be planned and laid out to ensure adeq uate opening for water flow;  Dred ging in Yudai River will be done in the dry and during the dry season from October to March to minimize potential water quality impact. Sandbags or berms placed around the dredging area will be planned and laid out to ensur e adequate opening for water flow;  Construction machinery will be repaired and washed at special repairing shops. No onsite machine repair and washing shall be allowed;  Storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials will be within secure d areas on impermeable s urfaces, and provided with bunds and cleanup kits;  The contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fuel, and must be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unlo ading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88);  Material stockpiles will be protected against wind and runoff waters which might transport them to surface waters;  Any spills are to be cleaned up according to PRC norms and codes wi thin 24 hours of the occurrence, with contaminated soils and water treated according to PRC norms and codes. Records must be handed over without delay to the JPMO and JEPB;  Mitigation of water quality impact during water pumping and sediment removal at eac h dredging location will be based on water quality monitoring results. The water quality monitoring approach for

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds dredging works will include, at each dredging location, one control station up current of the location and one impact station down current of the location. When the monitoring resu lt shows that the suspen ded solids (SS) level at the down current impact station is 130% higher than that at the up current control station, it is indicative of bottom sediment being stirred up and discharged downstream by water pumping or dur ing sediment excavation. The contract or shall reduce the pumping or excavation rate and/or pump the slurry to a sedimentation pond first for settling of SS, until the down current SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level;  Similar monitoring approach will be adopted for mitigatin g water quality impact during road bridge construction, where up current and down current monitoring stations will be set up and SS levels monitored. When the SS levels at the down current impact station is 130% higher than the SS levels at the up current control station, the contractor shall adopt alternative construction methods or additional mitigation measures until the down current SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level. Solid waste Construction site refuse  Temporary storage and permanent disposal of Contractor JMUC IDC, ESE, $20,000 and spoil disposal spoil and construction and demolition waste at LIEC designated sites only. These sites shall be at least 500 m from any water body.  Transport construction waste in enclosed containers;  Establish enclosed waste collection points on site, with separation of domestic waste and construction waste;  Set up centralized domestic waste collection point and transport offsite for disposal regularly by

22 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds sanitation department;  Spoil disposal site management and restoration plans will be developed, to be approved by responsible authority; a protocol will be established between the contractors and Ji’an Cityscape Management Department to clarify the spoil quantity and a permit for the clearance of excavated earthwork shall be obtained;  Site restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance with all applicable standards and specifications, and will be required before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contracts. Ecology Destruction of vegetation  Construction workers are prohibited from Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, $10,000 capturing any wildlife during construction; LIEC  Construction workers are prohibited from damaging camphor trees  Preserve existing vegetation where no construction activity is planned;  Protect existing trees and grassland during construction; where a tree has to be removed or an area of grassland disturbed, replant trees and re-vegetate the area after construction;  Remove trees or shrubs only as the last resort if they impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works. Physical Destruction of cultural  Construction workers are prohibited from Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, None cultural relics in stream bed and damaging the old camphor trees LIEC resources soil  Contractor must comply with PRC's Cultural Relics Protection Law and Cultural Relics Protection Law Implementation Regulations if such relics are discovered, stop work immediately and notify the relevant authorities, adopt protection measures and notify the Security Bureau to protect the site.

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds Overall Excessive disturbance to  Contractors to identify and adhere to strict Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, Covered in disturbance to communities due to schedule for completion of each pipeline section LIEC above costs communities prolonged construction and to avoid prolonged construction, times disturbance

Health Occupational Construction site  Effectively clean and disinfect the site. During site Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, $30,000 and health and sanitation formation, spray with phenolated water for LIEC Safety safety disinfection. Disinfect toilets and refuse piles and timely remove solid waste;  Exterminate rodents on site at least once every 3 months, and exterminate mosquitoes and flies at least twice each year;  Minimise the risk of fly- or mosquito-borne diseases by maintaining well-drained and hygienic project sites;  Remove standing water bodies and cover drums and other containers to avoid formation of stagnant water;  Ensure personnel are aware of potential disease risks;  Enforce on-site hygiene regulations to prevent litter;  Provide public toilets in accordance with the requirements of labor management and sanitation departments in the living areas on construction site, and appoint designated staff responsible for cleaning and disinfection.  Work camp wastewater shall be discharged into the municipal sewer system or treated on-site with portable system. Occupational safety  Provide safety hats and shoes to all construction Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, $10,000 workers and enforce their use by the workers; LIEC  Provide ear plugs to workers working near noisy PME;  Clearly demarcate all open-cut pipeline trenches and erect barriers on either side of them to prevent injury to workers / the public

24 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds  Contractors will prepare a H&S plan, which will be aligned with relevant PRC government’s regulations and guidelines on COVID-19 prevention and control, or with international good practice guidelines as updated in the future (footnote 19). The H&S plan shall be reviewed by the supervision consultant in consultation with relevant local public health inspectors, local medical officers, or other relevant health specialists, with a recommendation forwarded to the EA/IA for clearance. The Plan will include COVID-19 prevention and control measures, including disinfection/cleaning of offices, construction sites and labor camps, on-site temperature checks, social distancing measures, mandatory use of personal protective equipment such as facemasks, provision of handwashing stations and hand sanitizers etc., and procedures to be adopted in the event any worker is infected with COVID-19. Food safety  Inspect and supervise food hygiene in cafeteria on Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, None site regularly. Cafeteria workers must have valid LIEC health permits.  Once food poisoning is discovered, implement effective control measures immediately to prevent it from spreading. Disease prevention and  Construction workers must have physical Contractor JMUCIDC, ES E, $20,000 safety awareness examination before start working on site. If LIEC infectious disease is found, the patient must be isolated for treatment to prevent the disease from spreading. From the 2nd year onwards, conduct physical examination on 20% of the workers every year.  Establish health clinic at location where workers are concentrated, which should be equipped with common medical supplies and medication for

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds simple treatment and emergency treatment for accidents.  Specify the persons responsible for health and epidemic prevention, education on food hygiene, and disease prevention, to raise the awareness of workers. Community Temporary traffic  A traffic control and operation plan will be Contractor , local JMUCIDC, ESE, JMG (traffic health and management prepared together with the local traffic traffic police LIEC police safety management authority prior to any construction. department) The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at road crossings with an emphasis on ensuring public safety through clear signs, controls and planning in advance. Information disclosure  Residents and businesses will be informed in Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, None advance through media of the construction LIEC activities, given the dates and duration of expected disruption. Access to construction  Clear signs will be placed at construction sites in Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE, None sites view of the public, warning people of potential LIEC dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations etc. and raising awareness on safety issues.  All sites will be made secure, discouraging access by members of the public through appropriate fencing whenever appropriate. Utility services  Assess construction locations in advance for Contractor , local JMUCIDC, ESE, None interruptions potential disruption to services and identify risks service providers LIEC before starting construction.  If temporary disruption is unavoidable, develop a plan to minimize disruption with relevant authorities e.g. power company, water supply company, communication company, and communicate dates and duration in advance to all affected people.

26 Appendix 1

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds Grievance Social & Handling and resolving  Establish a GRM, appoint a GRM coordinator Contractor, JPMO, JEPB JPMO budget, redress environmental complaints on contractors within JPMO. JMUCIDC, ESE, LIEC Loan mechanis  Brief and provide training to GRM access points implementation m (JPMO, JMUCIDC , contractors). Consulting  Disclose GRM to affected people before Service construction begins at the main entrance to each construction site.  Maintain and update a Complaint Register to document all complaints. Estimated cost for the Construction Stage: $160,000

Operational Stage Urban Traffic Road and drainage Regularly inspect and maintain the road surface and O&M units JPMO O&M Unit’s roads condition drainage system. operation budget Road safety and traffic Strictly enforce traffic law to improve road safety and Ji’an traffic police JMG O&M Unit’s accidents reduce traffic accidents. operation budget Noise mitigation on five Installation of ventilated double-glazed windows at JMUCIDC JPMO $140,000 urban roads the 28 existing sensitive receptors in Table V.10 of this EIA that show noise level increases of >3dB(A) compared to the existing noise levels, if these receptors are not resettled in or before year 2020. Yudai Social, health Flood protection Regularly inspect and maintain river embankment O&M units JPMO O&M Unit’s River and safety and clean up refuse in the river operation budget Water quality Accident or spillage O&M Manual to include accident and spill O&M units JMG O&M Unit’s management measures for clean-up and to minimise operation the spread of pollutants in the event of an incident. budget Water quality Waste management and Park staff to regularly empty waste management O&M units JMG O&M Unit’s minimization receptacles and ensure transfer to appropriate operation licensed facility. budget Options for composting of green waste and reuse of recycled water for irrigation to be maximized. Ecology Landscaping aftercare Monitor establishment of rehabilitated and newly O&M units JMG O&M Unit’s and ecological monitoring created habitats. operation

Appendix 2

Potential Impact and/or Implementing Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures Issues Entity Entity funds Monitor the population of target bird species. budget Ad hoc (e.g. local bird group) Emergency Extreme rainfall and flood Respond to early warning of extreme weather events O&M units JMG O&M Unit’s response and flood, as per agreed municipality plan. operation budget Health and Occupational health and COVID-19 prevention and control measures will be O&M units JMG O&M Unit’s safety safety taken following the PRC government regulations and operation guidelines or international good practice guidelines budget as updated in the future (footnote 19), such as disinfection/cleaning of offices and work places, on- site temperature checks, social distancing measures, mandatory use of personal protective equipment such as facemasks and provision of handwashing stations and hand sanitizers etc. for O&M staff, and procedures to be adopted in the event any worker/staff is infected with COVID-19. Estimated cost for the Operational Stage: $280,000 ADB = Asian Development Bank; EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment; EIR = Environmental Impact Report; ESE = Environmental supervision engineer; JEMS = Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station; JEPB = Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau; JMUCIDC = Ji’an Urban Investment and Development C ompany, Ltd. (JIDC); JMG = Ji’an Municipal Government; JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; LIEC = Loan implementation environmental consultant ; O&M = operation & maintenance; PME = powered mechanical equipment; SS = suspended solid; TSP = total suspended particles.

28 Appendix 2

D. Monitoring and reporting

Three types of project monitoring will be conducted under the EMP. 1 (i) Project readiness monitoring. To be conducted by the LIEC. (ii) Project impact monitoring. To be conducted by: (a) the Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station (JEMS) contracted by JPMO; and (b) the contractors, who will be required to conduct frequent noise and air quality monitoring around construction sites and to report monitoring results in the framework of their weekly progress reports to JPMO, JMUCIDC and ESE. (iii) Independent evaluation. To be conducted by the ESE (contracted by JPMO) and LIEC (from loan implementation consulting services). To verify EMP compliance during project implementation.

ADB will oversee project compliance on the basis of the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports provided by JPMO and site visits (generally 1-2 times/year). Monitoring and reporting arrangements defined for this project are described below.

Project readiness monitoring. Before construction, the LIEC will assess the project’s readiness in terms of environmental management based on a set of indicators (Table EMP-3) and report it to ADB and JPMO. This assessment will demonstrate that environmental commitments are being carried out and environmental management systems are in place before construction starts, or suggest corrective actions to ensure that all requirements are met.

Table EMP-3: Project Readiness Assessment Indicators Indic ator Criteria Asses sment EMP update  EMP was updated after technical detailed design & approved by ADB Yes No Compliance with loan  The borrower complies with loan covenants related to project design Yes No covenants and environmental management planning Public involvement  Meaningful consultation completed Yes No effectiveness  GRM established with entry points Yes No  Loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC) is in place Yes No Environmental  Staff environment specialists appointed by JPMO and JMUCIDC Yes No Supervision in place  Environmental supervision engineer (ESE) contracted by JPMO Yes No  Environment monitoring station contracted by JPMO Yes No  Bidding documents and contracts incorporating the environmental Yes No Bidding documents activities and safeguards listed as loan assurances and contracts with  Bidding documents and contracts incorporating the impact m itigation Yes No environmental and environmental management provisions of the EMP safeguards  Environmental requirements of EMP included in contract documents Yes No for construction contracts EMP financial support  The required funds have been set aside for EMP implementation Yes No

Project impact monitoring. Table EMP-4 shows the internal environmental impact monitoring program designed for this project, defining the scope, location, parameter, duration and frequency, and responsible agencies, for monitoring during the construction and operational stages. Internal environmental monitoring will include monitoring of air quality, noise, water

1 In addition to project-specific monitoring, Ji’an EPB will conduct independent ambient and/or enforcement monitoring as per national requirements. This is separate to, and not funded by, the project.

Appendix 2 quality and ecology. For air, noise, and water, the monitoring during construction and operation will be conducted by JEMS contracted by JPMO.

For monitoring of dredging and bridge construction impacts on water quality, a control station versus impact station approach will be adopted. The monitoring station upstream of the dredging section will function as the control station as it is not to be impacted by dredging activities. The monitoring station downstream of the dredging section will function as the impact station. Any increase in the level of water quality parameter (such as suspended solids; SS) at the impact station compared to the control station is indicative of potential impact due to dredging. If the level of the water quality parameter (mainly SS) at the impact station is >130% of the control station, mitigation measures such as changing the dredging method or reducing the dredging rate will need to be adopted.

The internal environmental impact monitoring results will be compared with relevant PRC performance standards (Table EMP-5). Non-compliance with these standards will be highlighted in the monitoring reports. Monitoring results will be (i) submitted by JEMS to JPMO, JMUCIDC and ESE on a monthly basis, and (ii) then reported by JPMO to ADB in semi-annual environmental monitoring reports (prepared with the support of the LIEC–Table EMP-6).

Table EMP-4: Internal Environmental Monitoring Program Implementing Supervising Estimated Item Parameter Monitoring Location Monitoring Frequency & Duration Entity Ent ity Cost Construction Stage Dust TSP, L Aeq At boundaries of all 2 times/day, three times/ week during Contractor JMUCIDC, Included in and construction sites construction period ESE Contractor noise budget Water SS, DO, TPH Yudai River dredging: 2 times/ day: 1 day per month when JEMS JMUCIDC, $40,000 quality 2 locations at each there are dredging or bridge (contracted ESE dredging section: (1) 50 m construction activities. through JPMO) upstream of the dredging section (control station), (2) 100 m downstream of the dredging section (impact station) Road bridge construction: 2 locations on the river: (1) 50 m upstream of the bridge alignment (control station), (2) 100 m downstream of the bridge alignmen t (impact station) Operational Stage (first year) Air NO 2 26 locations for the urban 1 time per day; 2 days per month for JEMS JPMO Included in quality roads 12 consecutive months (contracted O&M through O&M budget units) Noise LAeq 26 locations for the urban Two times per day (daytime and JEMS JPMO Included in roads nighttime); 2 days per month for 12 (contracted O&M consecutive months. Monitoring can through O&M budget cease when 100% compliance is units) achieved 3 consecutive times at the same site Total estimated cost: $40,000 ESE = Environmental supervision engineer; JEMS = Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station; JMUCIDC = Ji’an Urban Investment and Development Company, Ltd. (JIDC); JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; O&M = operation and maintenance.

30 Appendix 2

Table EMP-5: Monitoring Indicators and Applicable PRC Standards 2 Phase Indicator Standard Construction TSP Class II Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996) Noise limits of PME at boundary of Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for Boundary of construction site Construction Site (GB 12523-2011) Water quality during dredging and Use control station and impact station approach. If the level at embankment construction (SS, DO, the impact station is >130% of the control station, mitigation TPH) measures such as reducing the dredging rate or changing the dredging equipment will be implemented.

Operation NO 2 Class II Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012) Noise Emission St andard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB 12348-2008) Note: DO = dissolved oxygen, NO 2 = nitrogen dioxide, PME = powered mechanical equipment, SS = suspended solids, TPH = total petroleum hydrocarbon, TSP = total suspended particulates.

Independent evaluation. Independent evaluation of EMP implementation will be undertaken by the ESE and LIEC. The budget for the ESE is estimated at $100,000. The budget for the LIEC will be included in the Loan Implementation Consulting services ($71,000). JPMO will report the LIEC’s independent evaluation to ADB on the project’s adherence to the EMP, information on project implementation, environmental performance of the contractors, and environmental compliance through quarterly project progress reports and semi-annual environmental monitoring reports (Table EMP-6). The LIEC will support JPMO in developing the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. The reports should confirm the project’s compliance with the EMP and local legislation (including the PRC’s EIA requirements), the results of independent evaluation (both contractor compliance with the EMP and the results of environmental monitoring by the JEMS), identify any environment related implementation issues and necessary corrective actions, and reflect these in a corrective action plan. Operation and performance of the project GRM, environmental institutional strengthening and training, and compliance with all covenants under the project will be included in the report.

Monitoring by ADB. Besides reviewing the semi-annual environment monitoring reports from JPMO and the verification reports from the LIEC, ADB missions will inspect the project progress and implementation on site at least once a year. For environmental issues, inspections will focus mainly on (i) monitoring data; (ii) the implementation status of project performance indicators specified in the loan documents for the environment, environmental compliance, implementation of the EMP, and environmental institutional strengthening and training; (iii) the environmental performance of contractors, LIEC, and JPMO; and (iv) operation and performance of the project GRM. The performance of the contractors in respect of environmental compliance will be recorded and will be considered in the next bid evaluations.

Environmental acceptance monitoring and reporting. Following the PRC Regulation on Project Completion Environmental Audit (MEP, 2001), within three months after the completion of each project component, an environmental acceptance monitoring and audit report for the component shall be prepared by a licensed environmental monitoring institute. The report will be reviewed and approved by JEPB, and then reported to ADB (Table EMP-6). The environmental acceptance reports of the component completions will indicate the timing, extent, effectiveness

2 The project applies PRC standards. A comparison of PRC standards with internationally accepted standards (as defined in the World Bank’s Environment Health and Safety Guidelines) was conducted for the EIA. The comparison confirmed that PRC standards are either internationally accepted, or have comparable standard limits with most of the international standards.

Appendix 2 of completed mitigation and of maintenance, and the needs for additional mitigation measures and monitoring during operations.

Table EMP-6: Reporting Plan Reports From To Frequency Construction Phase Internal progress Internal project progress report by construction Contractors JPMO, JMUCIDC, Monthly reports by contractors contractors, including monitoring results ESE Internal environmental Environmental monitoring report JEMS JEPB, JPMO Monthly monitoring JMUCIDC, ESE Environment progress and monitoring reports JPMO ADB Semi-annual Acceptance report Environmental acceptance monitoring and Licensed institute JEPB Once; within 3 months of audit report completion of physical works Operational Phase Internal environmental Environmental monitoring report (first year of JEMS JEPB, JPMO Quarterly monitoring operation) Environment progress and monitoring report JPMO ADB Semi-annual ADB = Asian Development Bank; ESE = Environmental supervision engineer; JEMS = Ji’an Environment Monitoring Station ; JEPB = Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau; Ji’an Urban Investment and Development Company, Ltd. (JIDC); JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office.

E. Institutional Capacity Building and Training

The capacity of JPMO, JMUCIDC, O&M units and contractors’ staff responsible for EMP implementation and supervision will be strengthened. All parties involved in implementing and supervising the EMP must have an understanding of the goals, methods, and practices of project environmental management. The project will address the lack of capacities and expertise in environmental management through (i) institutional capacity building, and (ii) training.

Institutional strengthening. The capacities of the JPMO, JMUCIDC and O&M units to coordinate environmental management will be strengthened through a set of measures:

(i) The appointment of at least one qualified environment specialist within the JPMO staff to be in charge of EMP coordination, implementation and site inspections including GRM. (ii) The commission of an independent ESE by JPMO to provide independent monitoring and verification of EMP implementation (iii) The appointment of LIEC under the loan implementation consultancy to guide JPMO and JMUCIDC in implementing the EMP and ensure compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009).

Training. JPMO, JMUCIDC, contractors and O&M units will receive training in EMP implementation, supervision, and reporting, and on the Grievance Redress Mechanism ( Table EMP-7). Training will be facilitated by the LIEC with support of other experts under the loan implementation consultant services. The budget for training is estimated to be $15,000.

32 Appendix 2

Table EMP-7: Training Program Cost Period No. of Total Training Attendees Contents Times ($/person (days) persons Cost /day) EMP JPMO, JMUCIDC, Development and adjustment of Twice - 2 20 100 $8,000 adjust ment and O&M units, the EMP, roles and Once prior to, and implementation contractors responsibilities, monitoring, once after the first supervision and reporting year of project procedures, review of implementation experience (after 12 months) Grievance JPMO, JMUCIDC, Roles and responsibilities, Twice - 1 15 100 $3,000 Redress contractors, JEPB Procedures, review of Once prior to, and Mechanism experience (after 12 months) once after the first year of project implementation Environmental JPMO, JMUCIDC, Pollution control on construction Once (during 2 15 100 $3,000 protection contractors sites (air, noise, wastewater, project solid waste) implementation) Environmental JPMO, JMUCIDC, Monitoring methods, data Once (at beginning 1 10 100 $1,000 monitoring O&M units, collection and processing, of project contractors reporting systems construction) Total estimated cost: $15,000 JEPB = Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau; Ji’an Urban Investment and Development Company, Ltd. (JIDC); JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; O&M = operation and maintenance.

Capacity building. In addition to training for EMP implementation, the project will provide consulting services and training to assist and train the staff of JPMO and JMUCIDC in project management, environmental management, land acquisition and resettlement, procurement, as well as external resettlement and environmental monitoring. The institutional components of the project will also involve training by loan implementation consultants in operation and maintenance of completed facilities. Part of this training will focus on teaching staff how to use a set of indicators to monitor performance of the completed facilities. These indicators will be designed by loan implementation consultants prior to operation start-up.

F. Consultation, Participation and Information Disclosure

Consultation during Project Preparation. Chapter VII of the EIA describes the public participation and consultation implemented during project preparation.

Future Public Consultation Plan. Plans for public involvement during construction and operation stages were developed during project preparation. These include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation stages; (ii) evaluating environmental and economic benefits and social impacts; and (iii) interviewing the public after the project is completed. These plans will include several types of public involvement, including site visits, workshops, investigation of specific issues, interviews, and public hearings (Table EMP-8). The budget for public consultation is estimated to be $9,000.

Appendix 2

Table EMP-8: Public Consultation Plan Organizer Format No. of Times Subject Attendees Budget Construction Stage JPMO Public consultation 4 times: 1 time before Adjusting of mitigation measures, if Residents adjacent to $4,000 & site visit construction necessary; construction impact; components, commences and 1 comments and suggestions representatives of time each year during social sectors construction JPMO Expert workshop / As needed based on Comments / suggestions on Experts of various $2,000 press conference public consultation mitigation measures, public opinions sectors, media JPMO Resettlement As required by Comments on resettlement, Persons affected by Included i n the survey relevant resettlement improvement of living conditions, resettlement and resettlement plan livelihood, and poverty reduction; relocation plan update comments and suggestions survey budget Operational Stage JPMO, O&M Public consultation Once in the first year Effectiveness of mitigation Residents adjacent to $1,500 Units and site visits measures, impacts of operation, component sites, comments and suggestions social sectors JPMO, O&M Expert workshop As needed based on Comments and suggestions on Experts of various $1,500 Units or press public consultation operational impacts, public opinions sectors, media conference Total budget: $9,000 Notes: JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; O&M = operation and maintenance.

G. Grievance Redress Mechanism

A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be established as part of this EMP to receive and manage any public concerns or issues which may arise due to the project. The GRM comprises: (i) a set of clear procedures developed by the JPMO to receive, record, and address any concerns which are lodged; (ii) specific contact individuals at the JPMO and JMUCIDC, and (iii) the Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau (JEPB).

All contractors and work staff will be briefed by the JPMO on the GRM. Contractors and workers will be instructed to be courteous to local residents and, in the event they are approached by the general public with an issue, to immediately halt their work and report the issue to the foreman. The foreman will immediately report the issue to JMUCIDC or JPMO for action.

Multiple means of using this mechanism, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, hotline number and telephone conversations, anonymous drop-boxes for written comments, and/or e-mail, will be available. All concerns received will be treated confidentially and professionally. The identity of individuals will not be circulated among project agencies or staff and will only be shared with senior staff, and then only when there is clear justification. In the construction period and the initial operational period covered by loan covenants, the JPMO will report progress to the ADB, and this will include reporting complaints and their resolution.

Basic steps for resolving complaints are as follows and illustrated in Figure EMP-1.

34 Appendix 2

up a complaint hotline and designate a person in charge of handling complaints, and advertise the hotline number at the main entrance to each construction site, together with the hotline number of the JPMO complaint center. The contractors are required to maintain and update a Complaint Register to document all complaints. The contractors are also required to respond to the complainant in writing within 7 calendar days on their proposed solution and how it will be implemented. If the problem is resolved and the complainant is satisfied with the solution, the grievance handling ends here. The contractors are required to report complaints received, handled, resolved and unresolved to the JPMO complaint center immediately, and to JMUCIDC and JPMO monthly (through progress reporting).

Step 2: If no appropriate solution can be found during step 1, the contractor has the obligation to forward the complaint to the JPMO complaint center. The AP may also decide to submit a written or oral complaint to the JPMO complaint center directly, by-passing step 1. A joint hotline for resettlement and environment issues will be established within the JPMO. For an oral complaint, proper written records will be made. Once a complaint is registered and put on file, the JPMO complaints center will immediately notify ADB. The JPMO complaint center will assess the eligibility of the complaint, identify the solution and provide a clear reply for the complainant within five (5) working days. Complaints related to land acquisition and resettlement issues will be directed to the relevant agencies in accordance with the resettlement GRM. The LIEC will assist the JPMO complaint center in addressing the complaint, and replying to the affected person. The JPMO complaint center will also inform the ADB project team and submit all relevant documents. Meanwhile, the JPMO complaint center will timely convey the complaint/grievance and suggested solution to the contractors, JMCIC and/or facility operator. The contractors during construction and the facility operator during operation will implement the agreed upon redress solution and report the outcome to the JPMO complaint center within fifteen (15) working days.

Step 3: In case no solution can be identified by the JPMO complaint center, or the complainant is not satisfied with the proposed solution, the JPMO complaint center will organize, within two (2) weeks, a multi-stakeholder hearing (meeting) involving all relevant stakeholders (including the complainant, JMCIC, contractors, facility operator, JEPB, JPMO). The hearing shall identify a solution acceptable to all, and formulate an action plan.

The tracking and documenting of grievance resolutions by JPMO will include the following elements: (i) tracking forms and procedures for gathering information from project personnel and complainant(s); (ii) regular updating of the GRM database by the JPMO Environment and/or Social Specialist; (iii) processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and (iv) procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes, including the periodic reports to the ADB.

At any time, an affected person may contact ADB (East Asia Department) directly, including the ADB Resident Mission in the PRC.

If the above steps are unsuccessful, persons who are, or may in the future be, adversely affected by the project may submit complaints to ADB’s Accountability Mechanism. The Accountability Mechanism provides an independent forum and process whereby people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice, and seek a resolution of their problems, as well as report alleged violations of ADB‘s operational policies and procedures. Before submitting a complaint to the Accountability Mechanism, affected people should make a good faith effort to solve their problems by working with the concerned ADB operations department.

Appendix 2

Only after doing that, and if they are still dissatisfied, should they approach the Accountability Mechanism. 3

Figure EMP-1: Proposed Grievance Redress Mechanism

H. Cost Estimates

The total cost for EMP implementation comprises six items: (i) mitigation measures (Table EMP- 2), (ii) internal environmental impact monitoring by JEMS (Table EMP-4), (iii) external independent EMP compliance monitoring by ESE, (iv) public consultation (Table EMP-7), (v) training (Table EMP-8), and (vi) the LIEC. The total cost is summarized in Table EMP-9 and is $775,000. The mitigation cost of $440,000 includes a future cost of $280,000 for implementation of traffic noise mitigation measures on the new component and the five urban roads. The LIEC cost of $71,000 will be funded by the Loan Implementation Consulting services under the ADB loan, while the EA will bear the remaining cost of $704,000.

3 See: http://compliance.adb.org/.

36 Appendix 2

Table EMP-9: Estimated Budget for Implementation of the Environmental Management Plan

Estimated Cost EMP Item EA Funded ADB Funded Mitigation measures $440,000 --- Internal environmental impact monitoring by JEMS $140,000 --- External EMP compliance monitoring by ESE $100,000 --- External monitoring by LIEC --- $71,000 Training $15,000 --- Public consultation $9,000 --- Sub-total $704,000 $71,000 Total $775,000

Excluded from the budget are (i) infrastructure costs which relate to environment and public health but which are already included in the project direct costs and (ii) remuneration for the JPMO environment specialist, consulting packages for the non-structural sub-components, and technical experts on equipment operation and maintenance (covered elsewhere in the project budget).

JPMO will bear all internal environmental impact monitoring costs during the construction stage and contracting of ESE for independent monitoring and verification of EMP implementation. The O&M units will bear all internal monitoring costs during the operational stage. Contractors will bear the costs for all mitigation measures during construction, including those specified in the tender and contract documents as well as those to mitigate unforeseen impacts due to their construction activities. The O&M units will bear the costs related to mitigation measures during operation.

I. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment

The EMP is a living document. The need to update and adjust the EMP will be reviewed when there are design changes, changes in construction methods and program, unfavourable environmental monitoring results or inappropriate monitoring locations, and ineffective or inadequate mitigation measures. Based on environmental monitoring and reporting systems in place, JPMO (with the support of the LIEC) shall assess whether further mitigation measures are required as corrective action, or improvement in environmental management practices are required. JPMO will inform ADB promptly on any changes to the project and needed adjustments to the EMP. The updated EMP will be submitted to ADB for review and approval and will be disclosed on the ADB and JMG project website.

Appendix 2 I

Appendix 2: Draft Technical Ecology Report for Yudai River Rehabilitation and Riverside Park Development

Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank all the staff in Jiangxi Ji'an Sustainable Urban Transport Project Management Office, for their full logistical arrangements including the office room, field visits, workshops, interviews with related stakeholders, and opening discussion. In particular, many thanks to Director Mr. Li Zhigui, Ms. Zhang Zhihong (Alice), Mr. Chen Kai, and the driver Mr. Zeng in the Ji’an PMO. I appreciate all representatives from Ji’an Environment Protection Bureau, Ji’an Construction Bureau, Ji’an Water Resources Bureau, Ji’an Landscape Management Bureau and Ji’an Municipal Urban Construction Investment and Development Co., Ltd. (JMUCIDC), for your time, active inputs and fruitful discussions in two workshops. In particular, all stakeholders have offered the written suggestions and comments on the draft detailed design of Rudai River Rehabilitation Project before the occurrence of the second workshop on November 18, 2014. I am grateful to Director Huang Chun from the Ji’an Forestry Bureau, for the detailed introduction of the Luohuwan Wetland Park. I also appreciate two working staff from the Ji’an Hydrology Bureau for their detailed introduction of water systems in Ji’an City including the Luohu water system. The staff of Ji’an Landscape Management Bureau introduced the local perennial flowers and showed us the demonstration locations in the city. The information increased our understanding of local situation and benefit incorporating into the detailed design proposals. Finally, I sincerely express my appreciation to the staff of Shanghai Urban Construction and Design Research Institute, Jiangxi Zhong-Chang Engineering Consultation and Supervision Co. Ltd, and Ji’an Surveying and Mapping Bureau for their support and collaboration, especially to Mr. Gao Weihua, Hu Jun, and Zhu Pinghua. Without all of your help and support, it is hard for me to accomplish my tasks in an effective and smooth way.

Jiang Hongxing

II Appendix 2

Table of Contents

SUMMARY ...... 2

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 4 1.1 Background of Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transportation Project ...... 4 1.2 Background of Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project ...... 5 1.3 Objectives of this consulting assignment ...... 6 1.4 Main Activities and Deliverables ...... 7

2 CURRENT STATUS OF YUDAI RIVER ...... 10 2.1 Hydrological status of Yudai River ...... 10 2.2 Ecological status of Yudai River ...... 10 2.2.1 Vegetation ...... 11 2.2.2 Amphibians, reptiles and mammals...... 11 2.2.3 Birds ...... 11 2.2.4 Aquatic biota ...... 12 2.2.5 Protected area ...... 12

3 PROPOSED PROJECT FUNCTIONAL ZONING AND AGREED MEASURES ...... 13 3.1 Original Landscape Design and Zonation ...... 13 3.2 Proposed Functional Zonation and Landscape Works ...... 14 3.2.1 Urban recreational zone ...... 14 3.2.2 Wetland functional zone ...... 15 3.2.3 Ecological agriculture zone ...... 15 3.3 Original Flood Protection Works ...... 16 3.4 Agreed Measures on the Flood Protection Works ...... 17 3.4.1 Determining different water level elevations ...... 17 3.4.2 Structures of weirs ...... 18 3.4.3 Pumping stations ...... 18 3.4.4 Cross-dike structures ...... 19

4 INTEGRATION OF DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 20 4.1 Improvements in the landscape design works ...... 20 4.1.1 Terrain shaping ...... 20 4.1.2 Vegetation configuration ...... 20 4.1.3 Road network ...... 21 4.1.4 Electrical design...... 21 4.1.5 Water supply and drainage system ...... 21 4.1.6 Public recreational area ...... 22 4.1.7 Other infrastructures ...... 22

Appendix 2

4.1.8 Design maps ...... 22 4.2 Improvements in the flood control works ...... 22 4.2.1 Improvements of the current hydrological analysis ...... 22 4.2.2 River dredging and flood defense...... 23 4.2.3 Bank enhancement treatment ...... 23 4.2.4 Relevant constructions ...... 23 4.2.5 Safeguard measures ...... 24 4.2.6 Design maps ...... 24

5 INCREASED BENEFITS TO THE ECOLOGY ...... 25 5.1 Identification of Target Bird Species ...... 25 5.2 Increased Benefits of Landscape Works to the Ecology ...... 25 5.3 Increased Benefits of Flood Protection Works to the Ecology ...... 26

6 OTHER TECHNICAL MATTERS ...... 27 6.1 Rationale for Adjustment of Project Functional Zonation ...... 27 6.2 General Issues and Solutions ...... 27 6.2.1 Scope of project area ...... 27 6.2.2 Fine resolution topographic map ...... 28 6.2.3 Wasted water treatment ...... 28 6.2.4 Updating of the detailed project design ...... 28 6.2.5 Project procurement plan ...... 29 6.2.6 Project budget allocation ...... 29 6.3 Other Information Gaps ...... 29 6.3.1 Lack of water resources assessment of Yudai River ...... 29 6.3.2 Lack of safeguard measures to meet with the water demands in project area .... 29 6.3.3 Lack of project implementation arrangement ...... 30 6.4 Integration of detailed design reports ...... 30

POSTSCRIPT ...... 30

APPENDIX I: MAIN CITED PROJECT DOCUMENTS ...... 32

APPENDIX II: MINUTES OF THE FIRST WORKSHOP OCCURRED ON JULY 15 2014 ..... 33

APPENDIX III: MINUTES OF THE SECOND WORKSHOP OCCURRED ON NOVEMBER 18 2014……………………………………………………………………………………………………34

APPENDIX IV: PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL ADVICE TO THE IMPROVED DESIGN ...... 37

2 Appendix 2

Summary

1. Ji’an City is located in the mid-western region of Jiangxi Province, eastern China. The project area of Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transportation Project is situated in the planned new western city development area. The proposed Chang-Ji-Gan High- speed railway is the major stimulator to develop a new western district in Ji’an City. Meanwhile, the project area is adjacent to the Daguang (Daqing-Guangzhou) expressway in the west, and the Chengbei connecting line in the north. The development of a new western city development district has been given high priority for construction under 11th five-year plan. 2. This project will have a significant accelerator for promoting the economic and social development of the region in a sustainable manner and closing the gap between Ji’an and more developed areas in China. The project includes five components: public transportation, river rehabilitation, urban roads, traffic management and capacity development. 3. The project area of Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project is located in the front of the planned high-speed railway station, and in the middle of the new western city development area. The Yudai River is the first-class tributary of Gan River, which is one of five major rivers feeding water into the largest fresh lake: Poyang Lake in China. The project includes works to alleviate flood risk, and landscaping to create a new riverside park and recreational resources for the city. 4. The length of river rehabilitation is 8.02 km, including 5.3 km of south and main channels, and 2.73 km of north channel of Yudai River. The project area is 1622.002 mu (c. 108.133 hectares). The improved river is expected to create a more attractive environment for the city, improving the life quality of local citizen, and maintain natural ecological systems and functions as well. 5. The objective of this consultancy assignment is to work with Design Institutes for the Yudai River rehabilitation and riverside park development to support the integration of ecological design principles to minimize and compensate biodiversity loss. This has been achieved through data review, site visit, and consultation with local stakeholders, interviews with relevant representatives, and experts’ knowledge. 6. During the two contract periods, two discussion workshops were organized to achieve the agreements on the project function zoning, and detailed design recommendations among the relevant stakeholders. Four interviews with key staff from different governmental organizations were conducted to acquire the basic information of similar works in project area, and discuss the project impacts and their expectations. Meanwhile, extensive discussions were conducted with the local PMO, Design Institutes for the Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project and the whole JI’an Sustainable Urban Transportation Project. 7. The major adjustments for the project design include optimizing the project functional zoning, e.g. consolidating the landscape configuration with river rehabilitation works for each functional zone in a systematic way and taking into account of the needs of water purification for the lower wetland park; creating the diverse landscapes to match with the ecological requirements of each functional zone and maximum the local biodiversity, e.g. woodland dominated in urban countryside park, shrub dominated in shallow marshes, aquatic plants dominated in water treatment unit, and local plants 2

Appendix 2 dominated in natural landscape unit; improving the infrastructures structure for flood control works, e.g. construction of sedimentation pools, trash racks, working bridges and weirs in water inlets of both channels of Yudai River; and enhancing the project safeguard measures to reduce or mitigate the negative impacts on the original water system, farm land and surrounding villages, e.g. construction of diversion dikes to transfer the water flow during the project implementation. 8. The improvements to benefit to the ecology include: (1) creating a landscape complex including the woodland, shrub, grassland, wet meadow, deep and shallow marshes to maintain the endemic communities of wild fauna and flora, and to match with the demands of three function zones and seven management units; (2) applying ecological rehabilitation technique to maintain the nature of the river bed and river bank, except in the areas with water income, water outcome, high water speed and drainage nodes, where the solid treatment is designed to reduce the erosion of soil and bank; (3) improving the interpretation system of riverside park and increasing the opportunities for public interaction, such as viewing platforms, guide maps, signs and posters; (4) enhancing the erosion and waste management to avoid the negative effect on the local environment. 9. This report consists of six sections. The section one introduces the background of Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Transportation Project and proposed Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project. The section two outlines the hydrological and ecological status of Yudai River, which also underlies ecological considerations in the project design. The section three presents the original design, proposed functional zoning, and agreed measures for improving the design. This section is concluded based on the discussions and findings during the first contract period. The section four incorporates the agreed measures into the updated design, which is developed during the second contract period. The section five delineates the improvements of updated design to the ecology. The section six outlines the other technical matters including rationale for adjustment of project functional zonation, issues and solutions during the two contract periods, and important information requirements during construction and operation.

4 Appendix 2

1 Introduction

1.1 Background of Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transportation Project 10. Ji’an City is located in the mid-western region of Jiangxi Province, eastern China. The project area of Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transportation Project is situated in the planned new development area of western Ji’an City as showed in Figure 1.1 .

Figure 1.1 Location of planned new western city development area by 2020. The green dashed arrow lines represent the planned river system, which is mainly created on the existing Yudai River and its tributaries. (sourced from detailed plan for western city new development area) 11. The proposed Chang-Ji-Gan High-speed railway is the major stimulator to

Appendix 2 develop a new western district in Ji’an City. The proposed intercity railway will facilitate the flow of people, goods and services between the big cities in Jiangxi Province. Meanwhile, the project area is adjacent to the Daguang (Daqing-Guangzhou) expressway in the west, and the Chengbei connecting line in the north (Figure 1.1 ). This indicates the area holds geographical significance to the wider transport network 12. The development of a new western city development district has been given high priority for construction under 11 th five-year plan. As a part of the Ji’an urban development strategy, the new western development area has been designated as a preferred location for future population expansion and land development. The area of planned new western district is approximately 50 square kilometers, and a planned population is approximately 300 thousand by 2030. It will consolidate commercial, residential, logistical, business services, and recreational development into an integrated, high-quality, efficient, and multi-functional new urban area. The area will be developed along a central axis connecting the new railway station (not part of this project) and the old urban area, and also along the Yudai River ecological belt. 13. This project will have a significant accelerator for promoting the economic and social development of the region in a sustainable manner, and closing the gap between Ji’an and more developed areas in China. The project includes five components: the development of a new Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system and an intermodal hub, rehabilitation of the Yudai River to improve flood capacity and creation of a new riverside park construction of five new urban roads, traffic management and institutional capacity building. 1.2 Background of Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project 14. Yudai River is an inland river running through the main part of the western new development area as showed in Figure 1.2 . The Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project is one of five components of Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transportation Project. The river is the first-class tributary of Gan River, which is one of five rivers (the other four rivers include Fu River, Xin River, Rao River, and Xiu River) feeding into the largest fresh lake in China – Poyang Lake. The Yudai River is also named as Luohu water system. The water was mainly used for the irrigation along both sides of river. The river is winding, and the drainage is poor. There are many small branches and ponds distributed along the river, which can mitigate the flood to some extent. In flooding seasons, the farmland on both sides would be flooded frequently. The occurrence of flood is mainly attributed to the big rainfall in this catchment area and high-water level of lower reaches caused by the flood in Gan River. 15. The new western city development area is planning to be developed along both sides of the Yudai River. For this reason, the river needs to be improved to ensure the new town will not be flooded, and also provide the recreational services for the local residents. The proposed river rehabilitation project will improve not only the flood protection capacity of the inner urban area at the river reaches, but also the ecological environment of Ji’an City. 16. The proposed project area is located in the lower reaches of Yudai River, which is surrounded by four roads as Zhanqian Avenue in the north, Zhenjun Avenue in the south, Shaoshan West Road in the east, and Zhongshan West Road in the west (Figure 1.3) . The length of the river within the project area is 8.02km, including 5.3 km of south branch and main river, and 2.72km of north branch. The current land use and land cover is shown in Figure 1.2 , which include forest, farmland, residential area, river course and 5

6 Appendix 2 pond. The planned land use is shown in Figure 1.3 , which include business area, residential area, culture land, reserved land, and landscape land.

Figure 1.2 The current Land use and cover of Yudai River Rehabilitation Project Area (China ZY3 image acquired on June 13, 2014, spatial resolution 5.8 × 5.8 m). The white polygon shows the proposed project area. 17. The Yudai River rehabilitation will involve works to alleviate flood risk, and landscaping to create a new riverside park and recreational resource for the city. The general design for the project was drafted by October 2013, and reviewed in one discussion workshop after then. The updated landscape improvement report was developed by February 2014, which is in the PPT format. The updated flood protection report was updated by June 2014. 18. The improved river is expected to create a more attractive environment for the city, improving quality of life while maintaining natural ecological systems and functions. The design concept is developed around the theme of a people-centered, low-carbon- sustainable development. This component would benefit the promotion of the image of the city as well as the land value. As this proposed area is strategically located in front of the planned high-speed railway station, a synergy of benefits of the new urban roads, Yudai River rehabilitation, and the social and economic development of the city is also expected. 1.3 Objectives of this consulting assignment 19. The objectives of this consultant is to work with the Design Institutes for the Yudai river rehabilitation and riverside park development during the detailed design to support the integration of ecological design principles to minimize and compensate biodiversity 6

Appendix 2 loss: (a) maximize opportunities to retain existing riverine habitats, species and features of value; and (b) incorporate new habitats and features of value for local biodiversity.

Figure 1.3 The planned land use and land cover of Yudai river rehabilitation project area 20. The specific tasks include the data review, site visit, ecological design recommendations, and integration of design recommendations. 1.4 Main Activities and Deliverables 21. The first contract period is from July to October 2014. The field works in Ji’an City occurred from July 7 to July 23, 2014. The key tasks have carried out as the below: (1) Collection of all available project materials and documents as summarized in appendix I .

(2) Extensive discussions and meetings with the local PMO and Design Institutes for Planning Scheme (general design) for the Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project, and the Feasibility Study Report for the whole project. 7

8 Appendix 2

(3) Interviews with key staff in Ji'an Forestry Bureau, Ji'an Water Resources Bureau, Luohuwan Wetland Park and Luling Culture Ecology Park, to collect additional information to address the project impacts and improve the proposed design.

(4) One workshop organized in the PMO meeting room to discuss the proposed project design and reach agreement between the stakeholders.

(5) Site visit to the proposed area for Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project conducted, which also include the surrounding similar works such as Luohuwan Wetland Park and Luling Ecological Culture Park. 22. The second contract period is from November to December 2014. I visited the Ji’an City from November 16 to 20. The key activities were carried out as the follows:

(1) Review and feedback of the improved detailed design documents before the site visit.

(2) Dissemination of improved detailed design documents to the relevant stakeholders, and collection of comments and suggestion.

(3) Internal workshop with Design Teams and local PMO staff, to identify the key adjustments on the improved detailed design.

(4) One evaluation workshop organized in the PMO meeting room to review the improved design.

(5) Internal meeting to feedback the key recommendations to be included in the updated design, and schedule arrangements for the next works. Main deliverables are the follows: (1) PowerPoint presentations in the two discussion workshops, which were developed with the staff of Design Institute based on the preliminary agreement on my recommendations between the PMO, Design Institute.

(2) Minutes of the two workshops, which have been reached agreement among stakeholders. Please refer to the Appendix II and III in Chinese . The participants list as the table 1 and 2 .

(3) Technical advices in Chinese version to the improved design dated on November 20, 2014, which is shown as Appendix IV .

(4) Technical report in English version, including the collection of baseline data and information, proposed project functional zoning and agreed measure, integration of design recommendations, increased benefits to the ecology, and other technical matters related to general project.

Appendix 2

Table 1. Participants List of Discussion Workshop on the Preliminary Design Plan of Jiangxi Ji’an Urban Sustainable Transportation Project Venue: Meeting Room No. D216 of JMUCIDC Dated on July 15, 2014 Name Working Unit Position Telephone Xiong Ji’an Water Resources Senior Engineer 0796- Jianlong Bureau 8223118 Hu Shaohua Ji’an Environment Protection Engineer 0796- Bureau 8226814 Wang Ji’an Construction Bureau Deputy Director 13507967609 Haibin Luo Yi Ji’an Landscape Management Engineer 0796- Bur eau 8265662 Li Zhigui Ji ’an PMO, JMUCIDC Direc tor 13907967202 Zhang Ji’an PMO, JMUCIDC Communicator 18679683690 Zhihong Chen Kai Ji’an PMO, JMUCIDC Admin. Assistant 0796- 8935325 Jiang National Ecologist/Wetland Consultant 13621082392 Hongxing Specialist Hu Jun Shanghai Urban Construction Team Leader 13879146956 and Design Research Institute Zhu Shanghai Urban Construction Engineer/Hydrology 13707968546 Pinghua and D esign Research Institute

Table 2. Participants List of Evaluation Workshop on the Detailed Design Plan of Jiangxi Ji’an Urban Sustainable Transportation Project Venue: Meeting Room No. D216 of JMUCIDC Dated on November 18, 2014

Name Working Unit Position Telephone Liu Faqi Ji’an Water Resources Engineer 13970655670 Bureau Wang Liping Ji’an Water Resources Deputy Director 13707969816 Bureau Hu Ji’an Environment Protection Engineer 0796- Shaohua Bureau 8226814 Xi ao Qun Ji ’an Construction Bureau Deputy D irector 13317963378 Long Ji’an Surveying and Mapping Engineer 13030521712 Zhen qing Institute Xie Xinhua Ji’an Landscape Deputy Director 13970458665 Management Bureau Luo Yi Ji’an Landscape Engineer 13879686455 Management Bureau Li Zhigui Ji’an PMO, JMUCIDC Director 13907967202 Zhang Ji’an PMO, JMUCIDC Communicator 18679683690 Zhihong

10 Appendix 2

Chen Kai Ji’an PMO, JMUCIDC Admin. Assistant 0796- 8935325 Jiang National Ecologist/Wetland Consultant 13621082392 Hongxing Specialist Hu Jun Shanghai Urban Construction Team Leader 13879146956 and Design Research Institute Mao Shanghai Urban Construction Engineer/Landscape 13879146956 Renfang and Design Research Institute Zhu Shanghai Urban Construction Engineer/Hydrology 13707968546 Pinghua and Design Research Institu te

2 Current Status of Yudai River

2.1 Hydrological status of Yudai River 23. Yudai River is the first-class tributary of Gan River, which is originated at Lijiatian of Xingqiao Town of Jizhuo District and feeds into Gan River at Luohu Bridge of former diesel engine factory. The length of main river course is 22.2 km and the catchment area are 89.2 km2 with average slope of 1.64 ‰. The average annual rainfall is 1450 mm, annual evaporation is 1060 mm, and annual water flow is 74 million m3. The water of Yudai River is mainly used for irrigation along both sides of river course. 24. The area belongs to subtropical monsoon climate zone. The monthly rainfall mainly occurred from April to June, which accounts for 40% of annual rainfall. The evaporation in these three months occupies 20% of that in one year. The flood would occur in summer season if the continuous high-water level of Gan River in the same period. With the construction of reservoirs and ponds, and agriculture development, the flood occurrence was reduced in the upper reaches since 1970s. The current flood mainly occurs in the middle and lower reaches of Yudai River. 25. The rainfall from July to September accounts for less than 30% and the evaporation occupies 44%. However, these three months also are the growth seasons for crops. Accordingly, the drought would frequently occur in fall season. In addition, the water flow would break at some locations in winter season of some years due to the poor rainfall. 26. Actually, the Yudai River is the small tributary of Gan River. There are five main tributaries feed the water to Gan River, including Helu River, Wu River, Suichuan River, Gu River and Shu River. Only Maobei hydrologic station at Liangyuan Village was established along Yudai River in 1975 and ended in 2004. 27. In the project design document, the Design Institute did not calculate the water supply and demand of the whole catchment, and estimate water use and consumption of the project area. 2.2 Ecological status of Yudai River 28. The baseline data of ecological status was mainly referred to the Environmental

Appendix 2

Impact Report, which was developed by the specialists from the Jiangxi Environmental Protection and Scientific Research Institute in 2013. The bird list herewith is sourced from the bird banding station of Suichuan County, which is about 100 km away from the northwest of Ji’an City.

2.2.1 Vegetation 29. The vegetation in the project area include natural vegetation such as warm climate coniferous woodland, broad leaf deciduous woodland, evergreen broad leaf woodland, bamboo woodland, shrub, and shrub-grass land; and planted vegetation such as timber woodland, orchards, food crops and economic crops. 30. These vegetation types were dominated by common plant species, with only the Camphor Tree ( Cinnamomum camphora) being a protected species (national Class II protection). Camphor Trees are widely distributed in southern and southwestern PRC, which are widely planted for urban landscaping and greening in PRC cities. Camphor Tree colonies were found to be among the dominant species in the evergreen broad leaf woodlands in the project area. There is no old and/or wild camphor trees distributed in the proposed river rehabilitation project area. 2.2.2 Amphibians, reptiles and mammals 31. For amphibians, three families, six species of toads and frogs were recorded in the project area. Two species, the Zhoushan Toad and the Black-spotted Pond Frog are on the provincial protection list. None of the species are under national or IUCN protection status. 32. For reptiles, two orders, ten species were recorded. Of them, four species of snakes are under provincial protection. None of the species are under national or IUCN protection status. 33. For mammals, four orders, eight species were recorded. Only Siberian Weasel is under provincial protection. None of the species are under national or IUCN protection status. 2.2.3 Birds 34. For birds, 34 species were recorded in the Environmental Impact Report. 16 species are in the provincial protection list, but none are in the national protection list. Only the Yellow-breasted Bunting was recently upgraded from ‘vulnerable’ to ‘endangered’ by the IUCN. The main concern is the species has undergone a very rapid population decline due to the abundant trapping in the stopover sites and wintering grounds. 35. The banded bird list in Suichuan Bird Banding Station includes 13 orders, 46 families, 193 species ( Appendix V ). The station is about 100 km away from the northwest of project area. We assume the majority of these birds would also distribute in this area. 36. According to the banded list, three species including Fairy Pitta, Black-throated Robin and Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher are recognized as the vulnerable, and one species as Yellow-breasted Bunting as the endangered by the IUCN. In addition, seven species are categorized as the class II of national protection animals, such as Spotted Scops Owl, Collared Scops Owl, Oriental Scops Owl, Collared Pygmy Owl, Cuckoo Owl, Brown Hawk Owl, and Fariy Pitta. 11

12 Appendix 2

2.2.4 Aquatic biota 37. The project environmental impact report describes the aquatic vascular plants in the project area were dominated by Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ), Common Reed (Phragmites australis ), Bullrush ( Typha orientalis ), Water Caltrop ( Trapa natans ), Alligator Weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides ), Tape Grass ( Vallisneria natans )，Three- leaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria trifolia )， Common Duckweed (Lemna minor ) and Greater Duckweed ( Spirodela polyrhiza ). The wild Lotus is under national Class II protection. However, the lotus in this area is only wild, but the artificial plantation. 38. For the others including the phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic organisms and fishes, all of them are commonly and widely distributed in eastern China.

2.2.5 Protected area 39. The project area is mainly composed of artificial landscapes including farmland, woodland, and residential area. Human distances are very frequent in these land covers. The patch of natural landscape such as river channels/water bodies and flood land cover are not extensive, and water inflow velocity is 2.0-2.5 m/s. There are no protected areas, fish spawning ground, concentrated bird breeding, stop-over and wintering grounds, wetlands of importance and nature reserves within the project area. If buried artifacts will be discovered during construction, they will be dealt with in accordance with PRC’s Cultural Relics Protection Law. 40. Generally, there are approximately three bird species as globally vulnerable, one bird species as globally endangered, five bird species of national protection Class II (including one vulnerable species), and the wild Camphor Tree of national protection Class II in the project area. In the project landscape design, more attention should be not only given to the above species, but also to creating diverse habitats for birds, and other animals.

Appendix 2

3 Proposed Project Functional Zoning and Agreed Measures

3.1 Original Landscape Design and Zonation 41. The landscaping works will provide a riverside park for recreation and leisure activities. The proposed area was divided into three zones, which were included in the first draft of general design document in October of 2013, and in the Feasibility Study Report in July of 2014. However, the updated landscape improvement report in February of 2014 presented four zones for the landscape works as showed in Figure 3.1 . The only difference is that former zone one was divided into two zones as zone one and zone two. The main purpose is to emphasize the recreational function in the current zone two. The locations and functions of three zones are the follows: 42. Zone I (the below zone I and zone II): Located around the main corridor, planned high speed rail station, and planned Yangming West Road. Landscaping is styled as grand and open space. The zone will provide ecological scenic woodland, public education and outdoor recreation.

Figure 3.1 Proposed landscape zones of Yudai river rehabilitation project area 43. Zone II (the above zone III): Located near planned Shaoshan Forest Park. The section of river is wide and pedestrian flows would be high. There will be some commercial development around the riverbank. In conjunction with Shaoshan Park, a riverfront park will be developed, and recreational facilities will be provided.

14 Appendix 2

44. Zone III (the above zone IV): Located at residential area where the water course is narrow. Ecological design principles will be adopted to minimize disruption to the natural environment. The creation of wetlands is proposed to follow the natural landform. 45. The landscaping works will create a riverside park and promenade, the design proposes soft engineered approaches and incorporation of ecological features to create a new amenity resource that is in keeping with the natural environment. The park will include woodland, and lawn areas, pedestrian paths, bicycle trails, a car park and associated facilities including lighting, service areas for leisure activities and street furniture. 3.2 Proposed Functional Zonation and Landscape Works 46. The updated project zoning consists of three components: urban recreational zone, wetland functional zone, and ecological agriculture zone ( Figure 3.2 ). The main functions and detailed management units ( Figure 3.3 ) for each zone are as the follows:

3.2.1 Urban recreational zone 47. The urban recreational zone is located in the south branch of Yudai River. The average width of river course is 15 m, ranging from 10 to 20 m. The current land cover types consist of residential area, farmland and river course and ponds ( Figure 1.2 ). The planned land use includes business area and culture area ( Figure 1.3 ). 48. The zone is proposed to be divided into water retention zone, urban countryside park and shallow marshes (mixed with shrub, wet meadow and shallow wetlands). The main purpose is to provide the near-wild recreational place for the city citizen, clean the large and solid trash and supply the clear water for the lower reaches. 49. The landscape works in the water retention unit had better to be the local flowering lawn. This design can reduce the solid wastes in the water body such as leaf and branch, and help to remove the solid trash from the upper reaches. 50. The landscape works in the urban countryside park should be dominated by the sparse forest and grassland. The landscape would be flat with the slight slope along the both sides of river course. The newly developed river course should be close to the Yangming West Road to increase the viewing opportunity. 51. The landscape works in the shallow marshes should include the shrub, grass, and wetland plants, which can provide nesting, sheltering and feeding habitats for amphibians, reptiles, and birds, especially for the globally endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting.

Appendix 2

Figure 3.2 The proposed functional zones of Yudai River Rehabilitation Project Area

3.2.2 Wetland functional zone 52. The wetland functional zone is located in the main branch of Yudai River. The average width of river course is similar with that of south branch. The current land cover types are the similar with the urban recreational zone (Figure 1.2) . The planned land use mainly is the residential land ( Figure 1.3 ). 53. The zone will be divided into water treatment unit and deep marshes (reed belt along both sides of river course). The main purpose is to create the new wetland to purify the water. The zone can also provide the healthy water for the lower Luohuwan Wetland Park and Luling Ecological Culture Park, and opportunities for public interaction with the environment, such as interpretation information. 54. Landscape works include to plant aquatic plants such as reed and cattail in the water body to purify the water quality, and sparse arbor such as willow and metasequoia, and local flowering lawn in the surrounding land to create the public recreation and interaction. The general landscape view should be open and flat. 3.2.3 Ecological agriculture zone 55. The ecological agriculture zone is located in the north branch of Yudai River. The average width of river course is 2 m, ranging from 2 to 4 m. There are two mountains in the east part of north branch. It is not recommended to flatten the mountains ( Figure 1.2). On the contrary, the organic orchards are proposed to match with the existing landform. Meanwhile, the woodland also provides habitats for nationally protected owls and the other forest birds.

16 Appendix 2

56. In addition, this area is not given the high priority to be developed in the current detailed plan for the new western city development area ( Figure 1.3 ). The design will respect the local plants and trees within the site, taking the weak principle of intervention and pursuing natural, rustic charm. 57. The zone will be divided into the natural conservation zone and organic orchards. The main purpose is to provide the outdoor expanded training to raise the teamwork spirit and innovation ability, increase employment opportunity and economic incomes for local people, and also create the agriculture expedition for city citizen. 58. Taking into account of the cost-effectiveness, landscape works in the natural conservation unit mainly plant the local plants and trees to foster the local vegetation communities. The organic agriculture unit can be divided into two parts. One side near the mountains can be the organic orchards, and the other side would be the organic vegetables and melons.

Figure 3.3 The proposed management units for each functional zone of Yudai River Rehabilitation Project Area

3.3 Original Flood Protection Works 59. The existing river course is winding with varying widths. The width of south and main river channels is wider than that of north branch. The soil slopes on both banks are left natural and unprotected, which result in the bank collapses very often, water drainage very poor and sediment very seriously. The current riverbed has been lifted, river channel become narrow, and flood carriage capacity is poor. In order to protect the surroundings from floods, promote economic development and improve urban living 16

Appendix 2 environment, it is critical and urgent to improve the water system of Yudai River (Luohu water system). 60. The flood protection report was updated in June 2014, which was mainly based on the recommendations in one evaluation workshop in October 2013. The major change is that the design flood return period of once in 20 years changed to be in 50 years. This is consistent with the Urban Master Plan for Ji’an City (2007-2020). 61. The updated report defines the rationale and scope of the works; elaborates on the current landforms, geological conditions, geological survey results and existing conditions of riverbanks; and describes major proposed intervention works. The report structure is generally in line with the requirements and in accordance with relevant codes and standards. According to ‘Flood Protection Standard (GB50201-94)’, the flood protection work is defined as category IV. The objective is adjusted to protect the flood in the period of 50 years. The main structure is designed as Grade 4, and minor structure is designed as Grade 5. 62. The updated report presents the results of the data collection and analysis from the Data of Maobei Hydrologic Monitoring Station (1975-2000). This is the only station to monitor the hydrologic data along Yudai River. Unfortunately, the station stopped monitoring works after 2004. The designed flood is calculated in the report via the ‘Calculation Manual of Storm and Flood of Jiangxi Province’. This method is reasonable and acceptable due to the limit of data availability. 63. The updated report also presents the conditions of geology and earthquake in the project area. The area is located in the north of Jitai depressed basin. The substrate rock stratum is the occurrence of a slightly undulating monocline. The rock joints are not well developed. According to the ‘Zoning Map of Seismic Motion Parameters (GB18306- 2001)’, the peak accelerated speed is less than 0.05 g and the basic seismic intensity is less than VI. The evaluation of engineering geology and hydrological geology in the project area is also reasonable and acceptable. 64. An integrated treatment is proposed for the 5.3 km south branch and main river course, and 2.72 km north branch, including embankment treatment, main channel dredging, slope protection, cross-dike structures improvement, water-lifting weirs, and associated structures etc. The construction will enhance the flood protection capacity of the river by raising and strengthening embankments, ensuring safety of people’s lives and property. Socio-economic benefits will be significant for the new urban area. 65. Generally, the updated Yudai River Flood Protection Report is appropriately organized and satisfactory. The report was developed based on the topographic map at the scale of 1:4000. The detailed design should be more specific in accordance with the updated topographic map at the scale of 1:1000. The major improvements would include infrastructures and water level adjustments. 3.4 Agreed Measures on the Flood Protection Works 66. The planned flood protection works include embankment treatment, main channel dredging, slope protection, cross-dike structures improvement, water-lifting weirs, and associated structures. The below recommendations for improvements are mainly based on the functional structures. 3.4.1 Determining different water level elevations 67. The current hydrologic situation of Yudai River indicates the water flow is 17

18 Appendix 2 unstable in four seasons. In the summer, the catchment area would be flooded due to the plentiful rainfall. In the autumn, the catchment area would be drought due to the plentiful water demands by the agriculture practices. In the winter, the water flow would be broken due to the poor rainfall. 68. It is recommended to set up different water level elevations for each management units to be adapted to the existing hydrologic situation and proposed management objectives. The maximum, standard and minimum elevations of water levels should be determined in the project design documents. These elevations are critical to defining the height of weir in each management unit. 69. It is also recommended to set up higher water level elevation in the water treatment unit, which can maintain the water for a longer time and reduce the water velocity for complete purification. Accordingly, the bottom terrain would be deeper than the other management units. 3.4.2 Structures of weirs 70. The purpose of weir construction is to retain water in the river channel across the whole year, and also meet with the functional needs of each management units in the project area. 71. The updated report and the Feasibility Study Report also presented the river elevations at inflow and outflow will be the same as existing. Water depths under normal flow condition range from 0.6 – 1.2 m. Riverbed width ranges from 15 m in the upstream section to 20 m in the downstream section. Revetment will be 1.4 m in height constructed with stone mortar. Five weirs will be constructed across Yudai River at sections 1+000, 2+000, 3+500, 4+500 and at Yudai confluence with Luohu River. The Jiangbian Stream (the name will be changed to North Yudai River) will have five weirs at sections 0+2200, 0+720, 1+220, 1+720, 2+220. 72. The two reports present the weirs will be constructed by the C25 concrete. The stilling basin was planned to be constructed along the lower reaches of each weir with the width of 3.0 m and depth of 0.5 m. The main purpose is to mitigate the scouring of sediments by the water flow from the top of weirs. The original sluice gates on either the left of right side of each weir were cancelled in the updated report. 73. A few options are recommended to improve the structure of weirs: (1) It is recommended to maintain the sluice gate on either the left or right side of each weir to allow sediment flushing and for flood water to pass smoothly. The height of each weir would be in line with the minimum water level elevation.

(2) In the wet season, it is recommended to use the rubber dams to heighten the water level, which is also easy for lower down in the flood period. 74. Alternatively, two or three weirs in the small elevation difference between the upper and lower reaches of weirs can be constructed as the rubber dams. 3.4.3 Pumping stations 75. According to the agreed project zoning as presented in the section 3.2 of this report, five weirs will be constructed along the south channel and main river course, and 18

Appendix 2 two water sluices and water dumping stations will be constructed to supply water for organic orchards along the north channel. 76. The proposed purpose of pumping station is to supply the water for organic orchards, vegetables and melons. At this moment, it is hard to confirm how many sluices and pumping stations will be constructed. The locations, numbers and structures would depend on the results of detailed terrain survey. 77. The fact is that the water flow is not big, width of river bottom is 5 meters, and water velocity is quite slow. Should weir be reasonable structure in the location with narrow channel and relatively small elevation difference.

3.4.4 Cross-dike structures 78. The both reports present improvements for the outer drainage system connected with the current river channels. The measures include strengthening the drainage ditches using M7.5 masonry stone linings with the length of over 20 m and C15 ditch bottom with 20 cm depth. The structure of culverts crosses the dikes will be in accordance with the urban planning standard, and manufactured on the construction site. The major improvements are recommended as the follows: (1) Structure of culvers should be described in the design document, especially for either the inlet and outlet culverts.

(2) For the inlet culverts, the design should consider how to prevent the solid trashes and how to maintain the water level elevation of project area. For the outlet culverts, the design should consider how to secure the water flow for the lower reaches, especially for the agriculture irrigation before the land development.

(3) The sluice gates are recommended to be constructed for each cross-dike culverts to match with the water control of project area.

20 Appendix 2

4 Integration of Design Recommendations

79. The detailed design proposals of Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project was updated in the late October of 2014, which have largely adopted the measures agreed during my first contract period. However, the two designs (one is for landscape works and the other is for flood protection works) still need some works to be finalized. The follows are the main agreements between the design teams, Ji’an PMO and me, which were developed based on the wide discussion and consultation with relevant stakeholders, including the local PMO, Construction Bureau, Environment Protection Bureau, Landscape Management Bureau, Water Resources Bureau and Design Institutes. The Design teams promised to integrate these recommendations in the detailed design and will finalize the proposals by the end of December 2014. 4.1 Improvements in the landscape design works

4.1.1 Terrain shaping 80. Elevation planning/vertical design was employed in the current detailed design. The design maps did not fully present the coordinates, basic elevation and designed elevation of control-points/cross-sections for each component, such as the trail design, greenway design, landscape ornaments, architectural buildings and weirs. Furthermore, the design maps did not delineate the terrain shaping for the river channels in different function zones. 81. The terrain shaping would consider the current landforms and actual needs of different function zones. For example, the cuts in water treatment unit would be deeper than those in urban countryside park. The excavated quantities in each balance area should match with the filled quantities, in order to reduce the transportation cost. The main economic-technical indicators for each component should be presented in the detailed design. 82. The design teams also agreed to merge the terrain shaping of landscape works and flood protection works into a united whole. This combination would help balance the earthwork in a fixed scope. The spot checks are needed in the cross-section areas in the plans. Area checks will be conducted to determine whether the plan quantity needs to be adjusted for areas varying more than 10% from the area indicated on the plans. If the average deviation of all the areas checked more than 4%, a more detailed check is required on those areas or balances showing the highest deviation. Any other pertinent facts which would justify using plan quantity or indicating the need for adjustment is required to be considered. 4.1.2 Vegetation configuration 83. A total of 118 plants are listed in the current detailed design, which seems too many species to be planted in the project area. It is strongly recommended to give the highest priority to the local plant species, and appropriately reduce the plant species, number and specifications, in order to maximize local plant diversity and landscape quality. The design teams agree to delineate the vegetation configuration according to 20

Appendix 2 the different management units in each function zone. The plantation locations will be presented in the design maps, especially for the special scenic spots such as lotus pond, orchard, reed marsh, sparse forest and so on. 84. In details, the urban recreational zone is dominated by urban landscape plants, especially for the area close to the square in front of the High-Speed Railway Station. The wetland function zone is dominated by wetland and aquatic plants according to the different landform and water depth. The wetland arbor species had better include Chinese tallow tree, weeping willow, pond cypress, swamp cypress, metasequoia, and oleander and so on. The ecological agriculture zone is dominated by local plant communities in natural landscape unit, and local fruit trees in organic orchard unit. Special attention should be given to the plant species interacting with each other, such as black locust would lead to fruitless and Chinese juniper would lead to the rust disease of peach and apple trees. 85. It is also recommended to appropriately increase the application of local perennial flowers. This wildflower combination can reduce the maintenance cost, form natural landscape, and increase rustic charm. In addition, some aquatic and wetland plants are suggested to be planted along the riverside line, such as the dot and belt patches of reed, cattail and calamus communities to purify the water quality and avoid bank erosion. 4.1.3 Road network 86. With regard to the road network in the current detailed design, it is recommended to increase some branches in some crossroads in order to easily back to the main roads or parking lots by the visitors. It is agreed to construct the greenways by the color penetration concrete and the trails by the ecological penetration bricks. In the design, some safeguard measures should be elaborated, especially for the early period of road construction to enhance the roadbed intension and avoid the abundant water loss. For the sites with big elevation difference, the design would take into account of a combination of step and blind roads. The blind road is an important part of no obstacle facilities, which should be constructed according to the relevant design standard. 87. In addition, the design teams agreed to add the design standard, technical parameters/indicators, load capacity, service life and engineering materials and so on in the detailed design. 4.1.4 Electrical design 88. The local PMO agreed to set up the lighting system in the urban recreational zone and wetland function zone, which did not include the ecological agriculture zone. Lamp posts are standing at the fixed interval of 30 m along the one side of greenway. This interval is in consistency with that in the city lamp design. 89. In addition, it is recommended to set up the lamp in the crossroads of trails and public infrastructures in the two zones, such as parking lots, fitness area, children playing space and recreation area for old citizens. The design teams also agreed to add the design standard, technical parameters and working amount, and improve the layout maps of lighting system in the detailed design. 4.1.5 Water supply and drainage system 90. The design teams agreed to take advantage of the urban water supply system to 21

22 Appendix 2 formulate the water supply in the riverside park. Fire hydrants will be included in the detailed design, especially in the public parking lots, public toilets, and public recreational areas. The water drainage system mainly depends on the surface leakage and runoff, feeding into the river channels. It is also requested to arrange the drainage canals in some concentration areas of water flow, in order to reduce the flush of revetments. 4.1.6 Public recreational area 91. There is no specific design related to the public recreational in the current detailed design, such as fitness area, children playing space and recreation area for old citizens. The design team s agreed to increase these designs including the locations, standards, technical parameters, and engineering amount. 4.1.7 Other infrastructures

4.1.7.1. Public toilets 92. The number of toilets increased from the former four to the current five, which include two in the urban recreational zone, two in the wetland function zone and one in the ecological agriculture zone. Some locations should be in close to the parking lots. Generally, each toilet can cover a circle with the radius of 500 m. In addition, the design teams will check the toilet location in conjunction with the Luohuwan Wetland Park, in order to decide the toilet location in the lower part of wetland function zone.

4.1.7.2. Landscape bridges 93. The current detailed design did not present the design specifications, standards, locations, technical parameters, load capacity and construction materials. All of these will be improved in the updated design. 4.1.7.3. Other architectural buildings 94. The architectural buildings include the trash cans, recreational benches, signs, and emergency phone booth and so on. The relevant design specifications, standard, locations, technical parameters, construction materials should be elaborated in the updated design. 4.1.8 Design maps 95. The design maps should be in consistence with the quality requirements of detailed design by the Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission. It is recommended to provide all design maps in an appropriate way, and increase some colorful design maps as necessary. The vegetation configuration maps had better distinguish the upper and substrate vegetation in a separate way. The general design map needs to add the legible legend and specifications. Accordingly, the specific design maps should be numbered in order. 4.2 Improvements in the flood control works

4.2.1 Improvements of the current hydrological analysis 96. It is recommended to add the hydrological analysis and calculation on the 22

Appendix 2 locations of weirs and water surface profile to meet with the requirements for flood control in every 50 years. With regard to the weirs, the design should include the minimum, normal and maximum water level based on the accurate calculation and functional demands of each management units. Accordingly, the length and depth of the stilling pools should be determined by the results of hydrodynamics analysis of each weir. The design will add the sectional profiles for 13 water surfaces . 97. The design standard and technical parameters for each weir and stilling pool should be elaborated in the updated detailed design. Locations of 13 water surface profiles and 12 weirs need to be presented in the design maps.

4.2.2 River dredging and flood defense 98. It was agreed to set up the standard for flood control in every 50 years, and water logging prevention in every 20 years. The current detailed design indicated that the renovated minimum width of riverbed in upper reach and lower reach of south channel, and north channel is 15m, 20m and 5m, respectively. It should be the average width rather than the minimum width considering the actual requirements of different management units in each function zone. For example, the water treatment unit needs to widen the riverbed, deepen the river terrain, and increase the water area, in order to achieve the water purification function. 99. In addition, the terrain shaping in the river channels also need to take into account of the earthwork balance in the surrounding area. These changes are requested to present in the updated detailed design. 4.2.3 Bank enhancement treatment 100. The ecological bank enhancement is applied in the current detailed design. In the both sides of river bends and weirs, concrete masonry is employed to protect the band erosion, and the designed elevation is in line with the normal water level. In the upper areas of normal water level and the surrounding areas, the large stones are arranged to simulate the natural landscape and also provide the temporary resting sites for the visitors. 4.2.4 Relevant constructions

4.2.4.1. Weirs 101. A weir is an impervious barrier constructed across a river to raise the water level on the upstream side. The water is raised up to the required height and the water then flows over the weir. In a weir the water overflows the weir, but in a dam the water overflows through a special place called a spillway. They are widely used to prevent flooding, measure discharge, and help render a river navigable. 102. The number of weirs was agreed to reach 12 units, rather than the former 11 units. The main adjustments include: (1) The number of weirs in south channel is the same with the former design. It was agreed to cancel the former No. 4 weir, move No. 5 weir to the upper location, and increase one weir in the front of trash rack in the water inlet of proposed project area. (2) One weir is increased in the water inlet of the north channel. 103. It was also recommended to design the weir structure as the barrage or automatic dam/regulators, especially in the organic orchard of north part. A barrage is a 23

24 Appendix 2 weir that has adjustable gates installed over top of it, to allow different water surface heights at different times. The water level is adjusted by operating the adjustable gates, to ensure the water demands for irrigation. Meanwhile, the small pond (1 ×1 m 2) will be constructed in both sides of each cofferdam in the organic orchard unit, which can benefit for the local farmers to employing removable water pump to supply water for orchards. Accordingly, the steps or rampway will be constructed for access to the ponds. These constructions would replace of the former pumping stations. 4.2.4.2. Trash racks 104. Two trash racks were agreed to set up in the water inlets of two channels of Rudai River. It is recommended to construct a metal structure. Metal gratings are sturdier and can have narrower strakes, and angling the trash rack properly can allow some self- cleaning from the action of the water. The main purpose is to prevent water-borne debris (such as logs, masses of cut waterweed, etc.) from entering the project area. They are fitted to storm drain inflows and outflows to prevent debris from entering a natural watercourse. 105. Two working bridges were also recommended to be constructed on the top of trash racks and weirs, which can act as the ancillary works for regularly cleaning. The proposed height of the bridges would be the elevation for flood control plus the safe distance for cleaning works. In addition, the stilling pools will be constructed in the front of the trash racks. Accordingly, the working roads need to be planned in the updated detailed design. 4.2.5 Safeguard measures 106. During the project implementation, some measures are needed to keep out water and soil so as to permit dewatering and construction of the permanent facility/structure in the dry. Contrarily, some measures are needed to ensure the operation of original water system so as to reduce the negative impacts on the surrounding agriculture practices and villages. It was recommended to add some safeguard measures as the follows: (1) Employing the diversion dikes (wooden structure or PVC pipes) to transfer the drainage of original water system, (2) Employing the PVC pipes with the valves in the conjunction between the old and new channels, (3) Employing the culvert pipes in the conjunction between the branches and new channels, and constructed the simple trash rack and hardening treatment in the front of culvert. 4.2.6 Design maps 107. It was recommended to include the complete map and zoning maps in the updated detailed design. The complete map would summary the overall layout of the flood control works, showing the sequence and location of the zoning maps. The central lines of river channels should clearly present in the overall layout map. The labels and signs of all constructions and facilities need to be arranged in a systematic way. Meanwhile, the design teams agreed to add specific design maps and technical parameters for the constructions (trash racks, working bridges, weirs and stilling pools and so on) and the associated engineering (culverts, pipe valves, diversion dikes, bank treatment, river dredging, and terrain shaping and so on).

Appendix 2 25

5 Increased Benefits to the Ecology

108. Generally, the original landscape zonation complies with the current landform and proposed land use plan in the Detailed Plan for Western City New Development Area. It was not fully taken into account of the current land cover types, the ecological requirements of local wildlife with special interests, and the needs of Luohuwan Wetland Park and Luling Ecological Culture Park in the lower reaches of Yudai River. 109. Secondly, the original landscape zoning is separated from the Yudai River flood protection works in the available design documents. The terrain shaping needs to address the functional needs of each management unit. Accordingly, the vegetation configuration will match with the landform construction to maximize the existing riverine habitats and create new habitats for minimize and compensate biodiversity loss. 110. In the updated design, the ecological rehabilitation measures are adopted to maximize the natural features of local habitats and biodiversity. The combination approaches are employed to create a mixed landscape view and incorporate new habitats to maintain the local biodiversity and better benefit to the target species. 5.1 Identification of Target Bird Species 111. In the project area, Yellow-breasted Bunting is listed as the endangered, and Fairy Pitta, Black-throated Robin and Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher are listed as the vulnerable species in the IUCN RedList. According to the bird list of nationally protected animals in China, one waterbird species as Little Bittern, 13 raptors such as Black Baza, Chinese Goshawk, Besra Sparrow Hawk, Japanese Sparrow Hawk, Eurasian Sparrow Hawk, Common Kestrel, Eastern Red-footed Falcon, Collared Scops Owl, Oriental Scops Owl, Collared Pygmy Owl and Cuckoo Owl, and one songbird as Fairy Pitta are categorized as the grade II. 112. In the updated detailed design, the above bird species were given special attentions to address their ecological requirements. For example, the shrub habitat for Yellow-breasted Bunting will be created in the shallow marshes of urban recreational zone. The mountains in the east part of project area are recommended to be preserved, which can provide the habitats for birds and animals, especially for the nationally protected raptors and songbirds. The reed marshes will be created for Little Bittern in the wetland function zone, which would also benefit for the other waterbirds, fishes, amphibian and reptiles. 5.2 Increased Benefits of Landscape Works to the Ecology 113. Regarding the general landscape design and vegetation configuration, we agree to create a complex including the woodland, shrub, grassland, wet meadow, deep and shallow marshes to maintain the endemic communities of wild fauna and flora, and to match with the functional demands of three components. The landscape design presents the gradient layout from the forests, shrubs to the flat wetlands along the south channel to the mainstream. This design can also provide the visitors different experiences and interactions. 114. The proposed project functional zoning has established the close connection between the two components of river rehabilitation and landscape configurations. This zonation is not only in consistent with the water needs for the lower wetland park and ecological culture park, but also in accordance with the ecological demands for

26 Appendix 2 maintaining local biodiversity and ecological values. 115. Specifically, the natural conservation unit is proposed in the ecological agriculture zone. The local plants and trees will be planted to foster the local vegetation communities, which can also provide the refugee for the local animal communities. The application of local perennial flower combination can reduce the maintenance cost, form natural landscape, and increase rustic charming. In addition, some aquatic and wetland plants are suggested to be planted along the riverside line, such as the dot and belt patches of reed, cattail and calamus communities to purify the water quality and avoid bank erosion. 5.3 Increased Benefits of Flood Protection Works to the Ecology 116. Regarding the river channel renovation, we agree to employ the ecological rehabilitation technique to maintain the nature of the river bed and river bank, except in the areas with water income, water outcome, high water speed and drainage nodes, where the solid treatment is designed to reduce the erosion of soil and bank. Accordingly, the riverbank slope is planning to divide into two levels. The upper slope is more tilt to keep the native grass and aquatic plant growing up to protect the bank, and the lower solid slope is narrower to prevent the erosion. This approach would also benefit to the benthos in the riverbed and surrounding wetlands, especially for the reptiles and amphibians. 117. Regarding the terrain construction of water drainage system, we agree to construct the infrastructures such as the waterlog and water levees to keep the water level in an acceptable and normal level automatically, and adjust the sand sediments to be removable. Furthermore, we also agree to create some deep-water areas in some functional zones to retain the sediments, purify the water, and provide healthy water for the urban wetland park in the lower reaches. This design can demonstrate the wetland function and values to the local people, and bridge the connection with other urban development projects.

Appendix 2 27

6 Other Technical Matters

6.1 Rationale for Adjustment of Project Functional Zonation 118. The water pollution sources of Yudai River (Luohu Water System) mainly consist of aquaculture (fishes) using feces of domestic livestock (pigs) and poultry (ducks), chemical fertilizer, and mixed feed; and agriculture practices using chemical fertilizer and pesticides. There are 5 large reservoirs, 41 medium reservoirs, 1800 small reservoirs, and approximately 20 thousand hilly ponds within the whole administrative region of Ji’an City. 119. To improve the water quality, the Government of Ji’an City issued one regulation to carry out the ecological and healthy aquaculture patterns, cancel the aquaculture contacts in the reservoirs, stop the aquaculture using the fertilizing water, and implement the ecological protection project for water body. The project will last two years to restore the water quality to the class III standard. 120. In addition, the construction of Luohuwan Wetland Park was initiated in June of 2012 ( Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3 ). The objectives are: (1) to supply cleaning water for Zhenjunshan Forest Park and Luling Ecological Culture Park at the lower reaches of Yudai River/Luohu Water System, where are the most important recreational parks for the local citizens; (2) to form a ‘two parks and one river’ city leisure greenbelt; (3) to improve the life quality for local citizens; (4) to extend the tourism with the topics of historical culture and ecological entertainment. 121. The project components include: (1) construction of urban roads in the project area; (2) treatment of urban wastewater; (3) purification of water quality; (4) embankment improvement and landscape configuration. 122. The project also realized the shortage of water supply in fall season. One bumping station is planning to be constructed in the intersection of Yudai River and Gan River. At present, the east part of Luhuwan Wetland Park was almost completed, and the west part is undergoing construction. 123. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the water treatment function in the proposed Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project. That is why the wetland functional zone is designated to be located in the upper of Luhuwan Wetland Park. Meanwhile, some measures also proposed to be taken in the water inlet to clean solid trashes and settle down the sediments of water body in the project area, in order to provide clean water for the lower reaches. 6.2 General Issues and Solutions 124. The below issues were put forward during the period of my field works in Ji’an. Some resolutions were taken when I was there, and the others were completed afterwards. All of these solutions are benefitted to pushing the project progress in an effective way. 6.2.1 Scope of project area 125. The scope of project area is not consistent in different project reports. On July 18, one informal meeting was held to confirm the project area, including the representatives from Design Institutes for the Feasibility Study Report and Yudai River Rehabilitation

28 Appendix 2

Sub-Project, and staff from the Ji’an PMO (Ji’an Municipal Urban Construction Investment and Development Co., Ltd.).\ 126. The updated scope of project area is in line with the Resettlement Plan for Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project. The length of river rehabilitation is 8.02km, including 5.3 km length of south and main channels, and 2.72 km length of north channel of Yudai River. The total area is 1622.002 mu (approximately 108.133 hectares), including 1108.938 mu paddy field, 76.078 mu dryland, 3.285 mu courtyard, 157.241 mu woodland, 67.822 mu ponds, 56.753 mu channels/canals, 2.963 mu cemetery, 18.856 mu residential area, 26.811 mu roads, and 103.255 state-owned land.

6.2.2 Fine resolution topographic map 127. The design documents related to landscape works and flood protection works were based on the topographic map at the scale of 1:4000. In the discussion workshop on July 15, it was recommended to initiate the topographic survey at the scale of 1:500 or 1: 1000 immediately. 128. The Ji’an PMO has authorized the local mapping and surveying organization to complete the topographic survey by the end of October 2014. 6.2.3 Wasted water treatment 129. Some stakeholders suggested including the wasted water treatment of the project area in the detailed design proposals. Considering the wasted water treatment system will be incorporated into the urban road network construction in the new western city development district, the local PMO agreed not to take into account of this treatment system in the current detailed design. The water sources of the project area include water incomes from the upper reaches and surface runoff from the surrounding area. The project will apply the ecological treatment approaches, such as aquatic plants and ecological penetration islands, to purify the water in the river course, and provide the clean water for the Luohuwan Wetland Park and Luling Culture Ecological Park in the lower reaches. 6.2.4 Updating of the detailed project design 130. During the period of my first inputs, only the general reports related to the landscape and flood protection works can be available. Anyway, these documents are important for our discussion and improvements. Meanwhile, we pushed the local PMO to contract with the Design Institute for developing the first draft of detailed design by middle November 2014. 131. During the period of my second inputs, additional workshop with inclusion of the local stakeholders was held on November 18, 2014. Specific comments and suggestions agreed among the local PMO, design institutes and local stakeholders were summarized as the section five in this technical report, which was also disseminated in Chinese version to the relevant organizations in the late November. 132. Honestly, the current detailed design still needs abundant efforts to work on. The Design Institute promised to finalize the updating of the detailed design on the landscape and flood control works by the end December 2014. The quality should meet with the requirements of detailed design by the Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission.

Appendix 2

6.2.5 Project procurement plan 133. In the updated Project Administration Manual (Oct. 2014), the table 9 in Page 28 presented the civil works of Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project will be divided into two contracts, including 7.80 million USD for north part and 9.19 million USD for south part. According to the actual situation and implementation arrangements, it is hard to divide this assignment into two contracts. It is recommended that the local PMO coordinate with the ADB about the allocation of the procurement plan. Meanwhile, the budget for each part would update to be in line with the costs of the lasted detailed design. 6.2.6 Project budget allocation 134. In the updated Project Administration Manual (Oct. 2014), the table F in page 18 presented the detailed cost estimates by year. Approximately 84% of total budget will be charged in the last two years. However, the project design and monitoring framework mentioned that Yudai River Greenway and embankment will be constructed by middle 2017. It is apparent that the yearly investment is not matched with the task arrangement. It is recommended to make some adjustments according to the updated detailed design. 6.3 Other Information Gaps

6.3.1 Lack of water resources assessment of Yudai River 135. The Yudai River/Luohu water system is a small tributary of Gan River. Only one hydrologic monitoring station named as Maobei Station was established along the whole river. The hydrologic data of this station from 1975 to 2000 is the only reference to conduct the analysis of flood intensity and water level in the design report. It is recommended to conduct the water resources assessment of Yudai River, in order to determine water supply and water needs in this catchment area. 136. The design institute agreed to improve the hydrological analysis and calculations based on the available hydrological data, which will be presented in the updated design report. 6.3.2 Lack of safeguard measures to meet with the water demands in project area 137. In the Feasibility Study Report, no safeguard measures were proposed to ensure the water demands in different seasons for the project area. It is recommended to include this content in the design document. Please make the judgments according to the below information, to secure potential water sources in the dry seasons. 138. There are two reservoirs established along the Yudai River/Luohu Water System. One is the Zhongqishan Reservoir, which is located in the west of Liangyuan Village, at the beginning of the proposed project area. Furthermore, there is channel connected with the reservoir and Yudai River channel. The water capacity is 2.3 million cubic meters. The water needs of project area is approximately 0.6 million cubic meters. The other one is Xingqiao Reservoir, which is located in the head of Yudai River/Luohu Water System. It is about 8 km away from the head of project area. However, one National Demonstration Park of Agriculture Sciences was established over there. It is hard to coordinate water allocation from Xingqiao Reservoir to the lower reaches. 139. The local PMO promised to coordinate the relevant water agencies to ensure the 29

30 Appendix 2 water demands of the proposed project area, so as to maintain the water level in different water seasons. The design institute will include this commitment to the water demands in the updated detailed design. 6.3.3 Lack of project implementation arrangement 140. At present, the project area mainly consists of the agriculture fields, woodland, ponds and river channels. It is impossible to implement the project construction without the transportation roads. The river rehabilitation works can be conducted in the dry seasons to avoid the plentiful rainfall and big water flow in the current river channels. The design did not consider how to ensure the agriculture practices before the other land developed. It is recommended to develop the project arrangements with refer to the relevant sub-project schedule in the updated Project Administration Manual. 6.4 Integration of detailed design reports 141. The Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project is composed of the landscape works and flood protection works. It is very hard to separate the two works during the project implementation. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate the two design proposals into one general report. 142. The updated detailed design report should present the major adjustments in comparison with the approved preliminary report, which would be in a separate chapter to emphasize the modified contents, changes in engineering quantities and technical parameters, and justifications. The outline of detailed design should be in accordance with the requirement and standard defined by the Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission. Detailed comments were issued during my second contract period, and also disseminated to the design teams and local PMO.

Postscript

143. I have been always checking the progress of the detailed design of Yudai River Rehabilitation Sub-Project with Ji’an PMO and Design Institute after my second site visit in late November 2014. I was also astonished about the uncertainty of project scope at present. I understand that ‘a promise’ is not really enough to indicate the updated design taking fully into account of these agreements and integrating recommendations into the design. 144. During the two contract periods, I always push the local PMO to confirm the project scope with the Planning Division of Ji’an Construction Bureau. They responded that the scope should be in line with the description in the Resettlement Plan for Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project. I also present this information in the section 6.2.1 ‘scope of project area’ in my technical report. All discussions and recommendations were based on this project scope and the proposed road network in the Conceptual and Controlling Plan of Ji’an Western City Development (2013-2020). 145. However, the accurate project scope of proposed project was not confirmed till the end of December 2014, due to the uncertainty of the Conceptual Plan of New Western Development Area of Ji’an City, and the new Mayor taking the position recently. Moreover, the location of proposed high-speed railway station is not confirmed as well. That is why the detailed design was not updated so far. The Design Teams do not like to spend more time on these uncertainties. 30

Appendix 2

146. Fortunately, I have developed the written records about our discussions and agreements in Chinese, and also shared with local PMO, Design Institute and relevant stakeholders (Appendix IV ). Anyway, they can refer to these documents as a basis to supervise the updated design, no matter the changes of project scope. Of course, we hope the project scope can be in accordance with the current area. I would like to check if the updated design has been included these improvements, as required.

32 Appendix 2

Appendix I: Main Cited Project Documents

1. Project data sheet for Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project, People’s Republic of China. Updated on April 25, 2014. Project number: 45022-001. Downloaded from the ADB website. (in English) 2. Environmental Impact Assessment (Draft) for the Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project. Prepared by the Ji’an Municipal Government. May 2014. Downloaded from the ADB website. (in English) 3. Urban Master Plan for Ji’an City (2007-2020). Prepared by Urban Planning and Design Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. September 2009. (in Chinese) 4. Conceptual and Controlling Plan of Ji’an Western City Development (2013-2020). Prepared by Urban Planning and Design Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. December 2010. (in Chinese) 5. Jiangxi Ji’an Luohu Bay Wetland Park Implementation Design. Prepared by Shanghai Pudong Architecture and Design Institute, and Xuanquan Urban Design Institute. February 2012 and May 2012. (in Chinese) 6. Project Proposal for Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transportation Project (Asian loan: 45022). Prepared by Ji’an Municipal Urban Construction Investment and Development Co., Ltd. (JMUCIDC). March 2013. (in Chinese) 7. Project Administration Manual for Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transportation Project (45022-013). March 2014. The front cover mentioned that the PAM needs to be revised and updated with the adjustment of project costs, scope and implementation arrangement. (in Chinese) 8. Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transportation Project. Prepared by Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences. March 2014. (in Chinese) 9. Yudai River Flood Protection Report under Ji’an Urban Sustainable Transport Project. Updated by Shanghai Urban Construction and Design Research Institute in June 2014. (in Chinese) 10. Yudai River Landscape Improvement Report. Updated by Shanghai Urban Construction and Design Research Institute in February 2014. (in Chinese) 11. Feasibility Study Report on the Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project (PRC 45022). Prepared by Jiangxi Zhong-Chang Engineering Consultation and Supervision Co. Ltd. June 2014. (in Chinese) 12. Resettlement plan for Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project. Prepared by 32

Appendix 2

the Ji’an PMO. December 2013. (in Chinese) 13. Project Administration Manual of Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project (Project number: 45022-013). Provided by the Ji’an PMO. October 2014. 14. Detailed Design Report of Yudai River Flood Protection under Ji’an Urban Sustainable Transport Project. Updated by Shanghai Urban Construction and Design Research Institute in October 2014. (in Chinese) 15. Detailed Design Report of Yudai River Landscape Improvements under Ji’an Urban Sustainable Transport Project. Updated by Shanghai Urban Construction and Design Research Institute in October 2014. (in Chinese)

Appendix II: Minutes of the first workshop occurred on July 15, 2014

亚行贷款江西吉安城市交通项目玉带河改造子项目工程规划方案

征求意见会会议纪要

吉安市城投公司 D216 会议室

2014 年 7 月 15 日

为进一步完善“亚行贷款江西吉安城市交通项目（ 45022-PRC ）”的“玉带河改造子项目工程”的规划方案， 2014 年 7 月 15 日在吉安市城市建设投资开发公司（项目实施单位）的 216 会议室召开了规划方案征求意见会。参加会议的代表包括吉安市建设局、水利局、环保局、园林处、项目实施机构、上海市城市建设设计研究总院（项目设计单位）和项目专家等 9 位人员（签到表附后）。

项目实施单位介绍了江西吉安城市交通项目玉带河改造子项目工程的基本情况；项目专家介绍了亚行对该子项目设计的基本要求，以及本次会议的目的；项目设计单位对玉带河改造子项目工程的总体设计思路、项目管理单元与功能分区设置、项目的植被配置与景观设计、水系改造与地形构建、水控制结构与设置，以及路网构建等进行了多媒体介绍。与会代表认真听取并热烈讨论了规划方案报告，形成了如下会议纪要：

1. 项目设计理念和总体原则与市政府的思路基本一致，即秉承“山水庐陵，生态吉安”的城市定位，“治水、绿化、生态、微干预”的项目景观功能定位，提出“生态自然、依水就势、粗犷野趣、形成特色”的设计理念。

2. 项目的管理单元和功能分区设置合理、定位准确。即南支流为城市休闲区（滞水区、郊野公园和浅水沼泽区），北支流为生态农业区（自然保育区和有机果园区），交汇处及下游为湿地功能区（水源净化区和芦苇沼泽区）。

34 Appendix 2

3. 建议项目实施单位与吉安市中心城区西片区控制性详细规划进一步对接，确定项目区位置与范围是否正确；其次，建议设计单位与吉安绿庐陵林业投资有限公司（项目业主）就螺湖湾湿地公园建设是否对公园来水进行了前期净化处理设计。

4. 关于河道护坡，同意水系驳岸结合原有岸线形成自然生态驳岸的设计方案。主要考虑是：项目区水流缓慢，对驳岸的侵蚀性小；自然生态驳岸可以最大程度上维持本土底栖生物，并与“自然生态 ”的项目设计理念相吻合。

5. 关于河道改造和地形塑造，同意依据现有地形和水文情势，南支流基本维持河道宽度 10-20m ，北支流基本维持河道宽度 2-4m 的现状，兼顾不同功能分区的需求，适度进行设计。

6. 建议项目实施单位协调 1:1000 比例尺的地形图，便于设计单位进行详细的初步设计，并精准计算河道改造土方量和地形塑造等工程的概算。

7. 关于景观配置，建议尽可能保留原生植被，以常见本土树种为主，避免引进稀有树种，回避引种一些易扩展的水生植物。其次，还需要关注林缘线植被的配置。

8. 关于桥梁设计，避免采用木质结构，维护成本过高。建议采用钢架仿真结构。

9. 关于水控制结构和设置，同意生态农业区采用节制闸，其它管理单元采用抬水堰的初步思路。具体的位置、结构和高度需根据具体的地形和水势进行设计。

10. 关于路网构建，基本同意城市休闲区和湿地功能区以绿道为主，生态农业区以游步道为主的总体设计思路。

最后，项目实施单位希望设计单位在工程总造价不变的前提下，进一步优化设计方案，整体遵循以人为本的“生态景观”，突出不同管理单元的功能定位，构建不同需求的立体景观格局的指导思想。

Appendix III: Minutes of the second workshop occurred on November 18, 2014

玉带河治理子项目工程初步设计讨论会

会议纪要

吉安市城投公司 D216 会议室

2014 年 11 月 18 日

Appendix 2

为进一步完善“亚行贷款江西吉安城市交通项目（ 45022-PRC ）”的“玉带河治理子项目工程”的初步设计， 2014 年 11 月 18 日在吉安市城市建设投资开发公司（项目实施单位）的 216 会议室召开了工程初步设计讨论会。参加会议的代表包括吉安市建设局、水利局、环保局、园林处、亚行项目管理办公室、项目区勘察单位、上海市城市建设设计研究总院（项目设计单位）和项目专家等 14 位人员（签到表附后）。

为了取得良好的讨论效果，亚行项目管理办公室于 2014 年 11 月 11 日将项目初步设计文本，随同讨论会通知一并分发给与会单位。市水利局、环保局和园林处均于 2014 年 11 月 17 日返回了关于初步设计报告的书面意见和建议。会议现场，项目设计单位采用多媒体报告形式，向与会代表详细介绍了江西吉安城市交通项目玉带河治理子项目工程的初步设计内容，重点介绍了景观绿化工程和水利工程布局、工程措施和一些关键技术指标等。

与会代表认真听取并热烈讨论，形成了如下会议纪要：

1. 鉴于项目规划的玉带河南支流，与吉安市中心城区西片区控制性详细规划中的中轴线阳明西路紧邻，位于站前广场的正中央。鉴于城西片区规划仍在修订中，建议项目管理办公室与相关政府部门尽快确认城西片区规划图件，特别是拟改造的玉带河和道路网规划图，以便设计单位尽快按照确认后的项目区进行深度设计。

2. 关于景观绿化工程中的植物配置，现初步设计中列出 118 种植物，建议优先考虑本土树种，适度减少植物种类、数量和规格，减少投资的同时保证景观质量。

3. 具体来说，城市休闲区适度采用一些景观植物，特别是临近站前广场处；湿地功能区依据地下水位的不同，选择适宜的湿生植物，如乌桕、垂柳、池杉、水杉、中山杉、芙蓉和夹竹桃等；农业生态区的果树品种，需要考虑一些相克树种，如刺槐导致果树不结果，桧柏导致桃树、苹果树等生锈病等。

4. 其次，为减小后期养护成本，适度增加宿根花卉的应用，如野花组合。水岸线，建议适度增加一些水生、耐湿植物，如点状或分节芦苇带；在浆砌石片护坡处，适度种植挺水植物带，如芦苇、香蒲、菖蒲等本土植物，起到防浪护坡和净化水质的功能。

5. 关于景观工程中的铺路设计，回岸支路布置较少，建议在交通便利的路口设置连接的支路，方便游客沿着不同路线返回。绿道采用彩色透水混泥土，游步道采用生态透水地坪结构。建议加强绿道布设的养护，尤其是早期养护，要注意避免混凝土中水分大量蒸发。对于一些落差较大地点，设计台阶的同时，需要考虑盲道设计。

6. 关于景观工程中的设计图纸，需要按照江西省发展改革委对项目初步设计的要求，全面补充所有建设内容设计图；适当提供彩色设计图；植被配置图建议分上、下层进行设计制图；总体平面设计图等补充清晰图例和详细说明；并按照顺序对每幅图纸进行编号。

7. 关于玉带河改造（水利）工程，补充规划抬水堰的水文计算，准确设计 50 年一遇洪水的水面线；结合具体地形和地貌特点，重新计算抬水堰的相关参数；补充不同消力池的水文动力学计算，准确设计其长度和深度；并在文本和图纸报告中列出所有抬水堰和消力池的设计规格和

36 Appendix 2

技术参数，并在报告中补充现有 13 个断面和所有抬水堰的断面图。

8. 关于玉带河改造工程中的有关建筑物，建议选择 1-2 处抬水堰，适度增加上断面的宽度，进行桩步设计，提高设计的多样性并增加野趣性；同时，需要考虑安全防护措施。追加北支流拦污栅的设计，以及相应的配套抬水堰和工作桥的设计；工作桥顶面高程应在 50 年一遇洪水位上加上安全加高确定。

9. 为减少玉带河改造期间对原有水系和周边农田、村庄的影响，建议采取的保障措施包括：（1）工程实施期间，采用导流堤（木质或涵管）对原有水系进行引流；（ 2）对于老河道与新开河道连接处，拟采取 PVC 管阀设计；（ 3）对于一些支流与新开河道连接处，拟采取涵管设计，并在相应的入水口进行简易拦污栅设计和硬化处理。

10. 关于玉带河改造工程的设计图纸，总体平面设计图需要标注河道中心线，并追加每个断面的建筑物以及护坡和护岸设计；所有建筑物需要准确给出桩号和坐标位点；补充所有建筑物（拦污栅、工作桥、抬水堰和消力池等）和改造工程（管涵、 PVC 管阀、倒流设计、护岸护坡、河床疏浚、地形塑造等）的设计图纸。

11. 鉴于城市污水处理管网一般在道路网建设中一并设计，本次设计暂不考虑项目区外污水源的处理和污水管网的衔接，而仅仅考虑通过项目区不同水生植被的种植和生态渗透岛屿的设计来净化上游来水和地面径流来水，为下游的螺湖湾湿地公园和庐陵生态文化园提供清洁水源。

12. 全面核对初步设计文本说明和设计图纸中的有关文字，力求一致准确。如南玉带河、主玉带河和北玉带河；玉带河治理子项目工程包括玉带河改造（水利）工程和玉带河景观绿化工程等；抬水堰等建筑物的编号、规格和技术参数等。

Appendix 2

Appendix IV: Preliminary technical advice to the improved design 关于玉带河治理子项目工程初步设计的技术建议

2014 年 11 月 20 日

本报告是在广泛征求意见和讨论基础上，针对“亚行贷款江西吉安城市交通项目（ 45022-PRC ）”的 “玉带河治理子项目工程”的初步设计提出的一些具体技术建议。现将达成一致的重点内容总结如下，以期各责任方按照预期要求，尽快落实并按照时间节点提交相应材料。

1. 关于项目深度设计前期确认事宜

1.1. 项目区位置与范围的界定

鉴于项目规划的玉带河南支流，与吉安市中心城区西片区控制性详细规划中的中轴线阳明西路紧邻，位于站前广场的正中央。鉴于城西片区规划仍在修订中，建议项目管理办公室与相关政府部门尽快确认城西片区规划图件，特别是拟改造的玉带河水系和道路网规划图，以便设计单位尽快按照确认后的项目区进行深度设计。

1.2. 项目区污水处理设计

鉴于相关政府部门，如市环保局、市水利局、市规划处等建议将污水处理纳入项目初步设计。考虑到城西片区城市污水处理管网设计一般纳入道路网建设中，项目管理办公室同意本次设计暂不考虑项目区外污水源的处理和污水管网的衔接，而仅仅考虑通过项目区不同水生植被的种植和生态渗透岛屿的设计来净化上游来水和地面径流来水，为下游的螺湖湾湿地公园和庐陵生态文化园提供清洁水源。

1.3. 北玉带河设计要素

考虑项目资金有限，兼顾项目区开发重点与优先性，项目管理办公室同意将北玉带河（生态农业区）划分为生态保育区和有机果园区，主要建设内容包括：河道清淤、护坡护堤、抬水堰和拦污栅等水利改造工程；微地形整理、本土树种配植、排水系统设计（排水沟）、绿道设计、停车场等公共用地等景观绿化工程。明确该区域不做亮化工程设计。

2. 关于项目管理手册调整建议

项目管理手册（江西吉安城市交通项目（ PRC 45022-013 ），英文版 2014 年 10 月）封面上明确说明：该项目管理手册是一份现用文件，将根据需要逐步更新和修改，特别是随着项目成本、范围或实施安排的变化。不过，此份文件并未能体现最新的项目修改。

建议项目管理办公室就如下技术问题（可能还设计到其它子项目内容），咨询亚行项目管理人员如何按照程序进行调整和更新。

2.1 关于玉带河治理子项目合同包

38 Appendix 2

项目管理手册 28 页项目采购计划中显示 “玉带河改造和景观工程（北支流） ”合同包价格为 780 万美元（2016 年第二季度招标）， “玉带河改造和景观工程（南支流） ”合同包价格为 919 万美元（ 2017 年第二季度招标）。

需要项目办确认是否按照这种合同包的形式进行招标？

其次，项目可研和目前初步设计，北支流的概算要远远低于目前合同包的金额，需要进行相应地调整。考虑到目前尚不清楚道路施工的先后次序，建议将上述两个合同包进行合并招标，保证相关项目实施进度。

2.2 关于玉带河治理子项目概算和年度经费安排

项目管理手册第 16 也表 D 按出资方进行详细的成本估计中显示 “玉带河治理子项目工程 ”总金额为 1700 万美元，其中亚行贷款金额为 1270 万美元，支付比例为 74.7% ；吉安市政府配套资金为 410 万美元，占总项目经费的 25.3% 。

第 18 也表 F 年度详细成本估计中显示项目 2016 年 100 万美元（ 6.0% ）， 2017 年 170 万美元（10.0% ）， 2018 年 1010 万美元（ 59.5% ）， 2019 年 420 万美元（ 24.5% ）。

项目管理手册第 57 页项目设计和监测框架中列出的主要活动和里程碑显示，玉带河绿道和堤岸工程 2017 年底完成，玉带河景观工程 2019 年年中完成。

建议项目管理办公室确认项目执行进度安排和经费需求是否与现有的项目管理手册一致？是否需要进行调整？并将最后确定的进度安排和经费年度安排告知项目设计单位，以便按照项目管理手册中的支付比例、项目经费年度计划和进度安排进行项目概算、年度投资计划和年度贷款偿还计划。

3. 初步设计总体说明文本框架

考虑到“玉带河治理子项目工程”为“江西省吉安城市交通项目”五个子项目内容之一，建议将“玉带河改造初步设计报告”和“玉带河景观绿化工程初步设计”两个文本整合为一个初步设计文本，即“玉带河治理子项目工程初步设计”。

项目初步设计文本是基于批复的项目工可基础上，进一步听取相关意见和建议后，对项目工程设计进一步优化、细化的过程。按照亚行和国内工程项目初步设计的要求，对初步设计总体说明文本框架提出如下建议。

 建议以章节的形式组织初步设计总体说明文本。

 建议第一章 “项目概述 ”中主要包括：（ 1）项目背景；（ 2）项目建设的必要性；（ 3）工程设计依据及采用的规范、标准；（ 4）工程建设目标与内容；（ 5）工程主要技术经济指标；（ 6）项目建设期及建设进度安排；（ 7）项目投资总概算与资金来源等。需要说明的是项目背景和必要性的内容应是项目可研阶段的重点工作，建议适当简化。

 建议单独一章阐述“项目设计的目标、原则与方法”。

Appendix 2

 建议单独一章阐述“项目管理单元与功能分区”。

 建议将“玉带河水利工程”和“玉带河景观绿化工程”单独分章阐述。对于每一个工程建设内容，需要充分考虑与项目管理单元和功能分区之间的衔接性。

 建议追加一章“环境保护及卫生防护工程”。

 建议追加一章“与工可的比较与调整”，重点阐述本次设计与工可在建设内容和工程量上的差别，以及调整理由。

4. 关于玉带河改造工程（水利工程）初步设计

4.1 补充并完善相关水文分析计算

关于玉带河改造（水利）工程，补充规划抬水堰的水文计算，准确设计 50 年一遇洪水的水面线，并标明不同抬水堰断面的最低、常态和最高水位高程；结合具体地形和地貌特点，重新计算抬水堰的相关参数；补充不同消力池的水文动力学计算，准确设计其长度和深度；并在文本和图纸报告中列出所有抬水堰和消力池的设计规格和技术参数，并在报告中补充现有 13 个断面和所有抬水堰断面图。

4.2 河道清淤与防洪排涝标准

防洪设计为 50 年一遇标准，防涝设计为 20 年一遇标准。改造后，南玉带河上段设计最小底宽 15m （原 10-20m ），南玉带河下段设计最小底宽 20m ；北玉带河最小底宽 5m （原 2-4m ）。建议根据不同分区需求，调整最小底宽为平均底宽，特别是南玉带河下段的湿地功能区（水质净化区），需要拓宽南北河道会流出河床底宽、深度和水域面积，并在相应的设计图上给予体现。

4.3 护岸护坡处理

总体上采用生态护坡。在一些水流较急、河道拐弯处，以及抬水堰的上方两侧，采用浆砌片石砌墙护坡，高度控制在常态水位高程。上方及河岸周边适度对方一些较大石块，营造自然生态景观。

4.4 关于建筑物设置和规格

4.4.1 抬水堰

原规划中南玉带河设置 5 座抬水堰，北支流设置 6 座抬水堰。调整后南玉带河仍为 5 座，其中入口拦污栅处追加一座，取消原设计中第 4 座抬水堰，并将第 5 座抬水堰的位置上移；北玉带河为 7 座，在入口处拦污栅处追加一座。同时要求重新准确核定抬水堰的建设地点，避免在河流弯道、地质松软、支流汇流处和一些跨堤建筑物处等。

其次，选择一处拦水堰，设计钉步上方铺设木板和安全防护措施，增加设计多样性，并提供游客接近大自然，提高野趣。

40 Appendix 2

再次，在北支流抬水堰一侧各设计 1 个 1×1 m 2 的水池，供生态果园区移动水泵抽水所用，并相应的设计坡道或台阶方便进入。原建议设计 2 座泵站，取消的主要考虑包括（ 1）项目区雨水充沛，正常水平年能够满足果树用水需求；（ 2）为减少项目投资和管护成本，移动泵站完全满足干旱季节果园供水需求。

4.4.2 拦污栅

原规划中仅对南支流的入口处设计拦污栅，调整后在南北玉带河的入口处均设置拦污栅，并相应设计配套抬水堰和工作桥。工作桥顶面高程应在 50 年一遇洪水位上加上安全加高。其次，拦污栅至入口处，设计沉砂池，并设计最便利的硬化工程道路，便于定期沉沙清理。

4.5 玉带河改造工程保障措施

为减少玉带河改造期间对原有水系和周边农田、村庄的影响，补充采取的保障措施包括：（ 1）工程实施期间，采用导流堤（木质或涵管）对原有水系进行引流；（2）对于老河道与新开河道连接处，拟采取 PVC 管阀设计；（ 3）对于一些支流与新开河道连接处，拟采取涵管设计，并在相应的入水口进行简易拦污栅设计和硬化处理。

4.6 关于设计图纸

关于玉带河改造工程的设计图纸，总体平面设计图需要标注河道中心线，并追加每个断面的建筑物以及护坡和护岸设计；所有建筑物需要准确给出桩号和坐标位点；补充所有建筑物（拦污栅、工作桥、抬水堰和消力池等）和改造工程（管涵、 PVC 管阀、倒流设计、护岸护坡、河床疏浚、地形塑造等）的设计图纸。

5. 关于玉带河景观绿化工程初步设计

5.1 地形塑造

现有的初步设计图纸中采用了竖向设计来说明地形塑造工程，需要详细标明不同区域的底高，哪些区域需要填土、土方来源和土方工程量。该项工作需要与河道水利工程初步设计结合起来，特别是城市休闲区和湿地功能区，并要求在文本说明中给予阐述。总体要求设计保证项目区中土方量维持平衡，以减少长距离运输成本。

5.2 植被配置

现初步设计中列出 118 种植物，建议优先考虑本土树种，适度减少植物种类、数量和规格，减少投资的同时保证景观质量。在初步设计文本说明中，设计单位同意按照功能区描述植物种植的种类、规格、数量和位置；并在设计图纸中标明不同景点建设位置，如荷香洲、疏林草地等。

具体来说，城市休闲区适度采用一些景观植物，特别是临近站前广场处；湿地功能区依据地下水位的不同，选择适宜的湿生植物，如乌桕、垂柳、池杉、水杉、落羽杉、芙蓉和夹竹桃等；农业生态区的果树品种，需要考虑一些相克树种，如刺槐导致果树不结果，桧柏导致桃树、苹果树等生锈病等。

Appendix 2

其次，为减小后期养护成本，适度增加宿根花卉的应用，如野花组合。水岸线，建议适度增加一些水生、耐湿植物，如点状或分节芦苇带；在浆砌石片护坡处，适度种植挺水植物带，如芦苇、香蒲、菖蒲等本土植物，起到防浪护坡和净化水质的功能。

5.3 铺路设计

关于景观工程中的铺路设计，回岸支路布置较少，建议在交通便利的路口设置连接的支路，方便游客沿着不同路线返回。绿道采用彩色透水混泥土，游步道采用生态透水地坪结构。建议加强绿道布设的养护，尤其是早期养护，要注意避免混凝土中水分大量蒸发。对于一些落差较大地点，设计台阶的同时，需要考虑盲道设计。

其次，在设计文本说明中补充说明绿道、游步道和木栈道的设计规范规程、技术标准、设计负荷、使用年限和工程材料等。

5.4 电气设计

同意灯光设计仅针对城市休闲区和湿地功能区，并沿绿道单向设计，灯间距为 30m（与城市公园设计标准一致）。其次，城市休闲区的郊野公园在主要的游步道路口和公共设施区域设计灯光，如停车场、健身区域、儿童活动区、老年人活动区等。补充灯具的规格标准、技术参数和工程量，并完善灯具平面布设图。

5.5 给排水系统

同意利用市政供水系统规划城市休闲区的植被给水系统。补充消防水栓的设计，初步确定在停车场、公共厕所、活动场所来进行设计。排水主要依靠地表渗漏和地表径流直接排入河道，在河岸护坡设计的同时，在水流汇集地点适度设计排水沟渠。

5.6 其它建筑物

5.6.1 厕所

厕所由原来的 4 座追加到 5 座，其中城市休闲区 2 座，湿地功能区 2 座，生态农业区 1 座。厕所的位置与停车场毗邻，总体布设原则为 500m 半径范围。其次，湿地功能区下段的厕所位置，需要核实螺湖湾湿地公园连接处的厕所位置，尽量保持一定的距离间隔。

5.6.2 景观桥

初步设计中缺少景观桥的规格标准、技术参数、设计负荷、结构、建造材料、建设地点以及设计图纸，需要进行补充。

5.6.3 其它建筑小品

初步设计中缺少对垃圾箱、休闲座椅、标识与宣传牌、报警电话亭等公共基础设施的设计，需要补充相应的规格标准、技术参数、结构、建筑材料、放置位点，以及相应的布设平面分布图等。

42 Appendix 2

5.7 公共休闲场地

初步设计中没有体现健身区域、老年人活动区域和儿童活动区域的具体设计内容和规格标准，要求在初步设计中给予补充，并在设计图纸上给出具体位置和相关参数。

5.8 设计图纸

关于景观工程中的设计图纸，需要按照江西省发展改革委对项目初步设计的要求，全面补充所有建设内容设计图；适当提供彩色设计图；植被配置图建议分上、下层进行设计制图；总体平面设计图等补充清晰图例和详细说明；并按照顺序对每幅图纸进行编号。

6. 其它事项

6.1 玉带河治理工程河道长度和项目区面积

玉带河治理工程初设文本 p31 和总体平面布置图说明中描述“玉带河整治工程主河道中线全长 5.2km ，其中新开 3.76km 、整治 1.44km ；另整治北支流 2.44km ”。初设 p5 描述“干流中线 5.2km ，北支流 2.72km” 。而项目移民计划和工可中均描述为”玉带河改造工程主河道 5.3km ，北支流 2.72km ，总长度 8.02km 。设计单位同意按照项目管理办公室提供的最新城西区控规图，进一步核算，并保证文本和设计图纸之间的一致性。

6.2 项目区地形塑造与土方量计算

项目地形塑造采取填挖结合，土方平衡的原则。建议玉带河改造工程和景观绿化工程合并一起计算填挖土方量，力求保证土方平衡。项目区域标高设计以规划路网标高控制点以及玉带河水体规划竖向控制点为依据，在总体土方平衡的前提下进行局地改造，以满足道路通行和景观美化要求。

6.3 项目区植被配置

要求景观绿化初步设计中，对玉带河改造工程区（河岸、岸边、护坡、河道和生态渗透小岛）一并进行植被种植设计，标明植物种植的种类、规格、数量和位置，并在设计图纸上标示。

6.4 工程建设内容设计文本说明

初步设计文本建议分节阐述不同工程内容的设计、主要技术标准（参数）和工程量。如玉带河改造工程河道清淤工程、地形塑造工程（特别是水质净化区）、驳岸工程、水工构筑物工程（抬水堰、水闸、拦污栅、跨堤建筑物等）；景观绿化工程中的地形塑造工程、植被工程、道路铺设工程、亮化工程（电气工程）、给排水工程、建筑小品工程等。

6.5 工程概算

工程概算部分，（ 1）土方工程，场内挖填方基本平衡，注意挖填运输不要重复计价；（ 2）补充其它未列工程概算，核实已规划工程概算，并补充相应独立费用的依据和标准；（ 3）列出不同建设工程工可概算与初设概算对比；（ 4）列出工程年度投资计划表和年度贷款偿还计划表。

Appendix 2

最后，经过大家一致商定，设计单位同意于 2014 年 12 月 20 日前完成玉带河治理子项目工程的初步设计方案，并达到初步设计编制规程的深度要求。

44 Appendix 3

Appendix 3: Climate Risk and Vulnerability Analyses Report

Climate Change Impact Assessment on Jiangxi Ji'an Sustainable Urban Transport Project in People’s Republic of China

October 2014

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents.

Appendix 3 i

List of Tables and Figures

Table 1: Three climate projections and their input conditions represent the uncertainty 5 ranges

Table 2: Location information of the meteorological stations 6

Table 3: The GEV results of annual maximum rainfall and its future projections 8

Table 4: Ji’an water logging drainage modulus for 1:10 year daily rainfall 12

Table 5: Summary of adaptation options 14

Figure 1 Topography of Ji’an and location of Jizhou, the project area 2

Figure 2: Location of the project components 3

Figure 3: Performance of the statistical model in simulating the observed annual peak flow height 8

Figure A4-1: Jiangxi rainy season (Apr-Jun) rainfall distribution (mm): baseline and 2050, 2100 24 median projections.

Figure A4-2: Ji’an rainy season (Apr-Jun) rainfall distribution (mm): baseline and 2050, 2100 median 25 projections

Figure A4-3: Ji’an and Ganzhou site specific monthly normal rainfall and future projection 26

Figure A4-4: Ji’an annual maximum 10-day rainfall GEV distribution and 2050 projection 26 Figure A4-5: Same as Figure A4-4 but for Ji’an 2100 projection 27 Figure A4-6: Same as Figure A4-4 but for Ganzhou 30-day 2050 projection 27 Figure A4-7: Same as Figure A4-4 but for Ganzhou 30-day 2100 projection 28

Table of Contents

Abbreviations ii

Executive Summary iii

1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background the project area 1 1.2 Potential risks of climate change to the project 3 1.3 Purpose and scope of this study 4

2. Methodology 4 2.1 Overall approach 5 2.2 Spatial climate change scenario 6 2.3 Site specific climate change scenario 6

3. Climate observation and change projections 6 3.1 Observational temperature data and their future projections 6 3.2 Observational rainfall data and their future projections3.3 Climate change impact on the 7 JSTDP and the implication to the project design

ii Appendix 3

4. The adaptation options 12 4.1 “Hard” options: adjustments to design of relevant project component(s) 12 4.2 “Soft” measures: ecological solutions, institutional and technical capacity building to 13 enhance risk awareness and ability for ongoing risk assessment & management, knowledge management to improve risk assessment as new information emerges 4.3 Assessment of climate risk management options 13

5. Conclusion 14

6. Reference 17

Appendix 1: Climate change scenario generation 19

Appendix 2: IPCC AR5 GCMs used in this scenario generation and their horizontal and vertical 21 resolutions. Models with daily data available are used for extreme rainfall event scenario generation

Appendix 3: Ji’an temperature related observed climate variables and their future projections 23

Appendix 4: Precipitation related observed climate variables and their future projections 24

Appendix 5: The development of the rainfall-flood model for Ji’an 29

Appendix 6: Ji’an Hydrologic Station observed maximum flow height and projections (masl) 31

Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank

AR5 The Fifth Assessment Report (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)

DMC developing member country (ADB)

GCM general circulation model

GEV general extreme value function

GHG greenhouse gas

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

JSTDP Ji’an Sustainable Transport Development Project

PMO Project Management Office

PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance

PRC People’s Republic of China

RCP Representative Concentration Pathway

SUCDRI Shanghai Urban Construction Development and Research Institute ii

Appendix 3 iii

V&A Vulnerability and Adaptation

iii iv Appendix 3

Executive Summary

1. The objective of this study is to assess the vulnerability of the Ji’an Sustainable Transport Development Project (JSTDP) to the impact of projected climate change and to identify adaptive measures to reduce the vulnerability. The JSTDP is to be implemented in the Jizhou District, which is the urban centre of Ji’an city. It includes a 6.94 Km bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor; five urban roads totalling 19.33 Km in length; and the rehabilitation of an 8.02 km section of the Yudai River. 2. Geographically, Jizhou is characterised by low and flat plains on the west side of the Gan River. It has been under consistent flood thread from the Gan River and the rivers across its urban area. The flood of Jianxi is mainly triggered by torrential rain during the rainy season; hence the heavy rainfall event is the highest risk to the climate sensitive component of the JSTDP. Based on the IPCC AR5 General Circulation Model (GCM) outputs and historical observation from the area; quantitative climate projections for the key climate variables were generated. A statistical relationship between heavy rainfall and flood was developed to support the vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment. 3. The climate scenario analysis has revealed that average rainfall is likely to increase gradually in the future, which may become noticeable by 2050 particularly for the rainy season. The climate change impact is even more manifested as a result of changes in the intensity and frequency of heavy rainfall events. The median projections from the GCM ensemble indicated that, for the 1:50 year annual maximum 10-day rainfall event, its intensity is likely to increase by 8% and 16% in 2050 and 2100 respectively. The increase in both average rainfall and, in particular, the heavy rainfall intensity and frequency implies a more severe flood risk for the project area. Taking these adverse impacts into project design consideration may prevent costly infrastructure maintenance and repairs and minimise the disruption of transportation due to climate disaster in the future.

Appendix 3 5

1. Introduction

4. Climate change will pose various threats to a transport system. In order to achieve a sustainable development, it is important to make climate adaptation adjustments to engineering specifications, alignments, and master planning; incorporate associated environmental measures; and adjust maintenance and contract scheduling for transport projects (ADB 2010). An effective climate-proofing of a transport system requires project specific climate change impact vulnerability assessment and identifying, evaluating and implementing feasible adaptation measures to strengthen project resilience to future climate change impact. This report presents the climate change impact V&A assessment for the Ji’an Sustainable Transport Development Project (JSTDP) in Jiangxi Province, the People’s Republic of China (PRC). 1.1 Background of the project area

5. Jiangxi Province is located in the middle of the PRC with an area of 166900 km 2, and Ji’an is its second largest city in terms of area. Topographically, most areas of Jiangxi are mountains and high hills, which constitute 54% of its total area. Mountains surround the province from the east, south and west forming a water basin with a shape almost coinciding with the province administration boundary. The Poyang Lake in the northern border of Jiangxi is the bottom of the basin and also the outlet of the five major rivers of the province. The Gan River is the longest river of Jiangxi, and is one of the major tributaries of the Yangtze River. It is 823 Km long and its network covers almost from the southern border of the province to the Poyang Lake in the north. The upper reach of the Gan River is characterised by high mountains, whereas the middle and low reaches are relatively low in altitude with small hills and plains. 6. Jiangxi has subtropical humid climate and is characterised by mild temperature. The average annual temperature is between 16-20 °C and the average annual rainfall is 1650 mm. The rainfall has distinctive seasonality with the 3-month rainfall of rainy season from April to June accounting for almost half of the annual total. Due to its unique geography and abundant rainfall; the province, particularly the area along the Gan River, has been under consistent threat of flood during the rainy season. Since 1950, Jiangxi had more than 2000 floods, with a death toll of 2023 and total direct economic damage of over US$ 1 billon (Fan et al., 2012). 7. Ji’an City is located in the middle reach of the Gan River between latitude 25°58′32’’N to 27°57’50’’N and longitude 113°46′E to 115°56′E.The city extends 218 Km from north to south and 208 Km from east to west, with an area of 25300 Km 2, the second largest prefectural city of Jiangxi. The city population is approximately 5 million. The Luoxiao Mountains in the west of the city is one of the torrential rainfalls centres of Jiangxi. Jizhou district is the urban centre of Ji’an located on the relative low-lying Ji-Tai plain in the middle of Ji’an (Figure 1). Jizhou is bisected by the Gan River. The section length of the Gan River in Jizhou is 20 Km. The river width varies from 600-800 metres during the dry season to 1500-2500 metres during flooding. The catchment area of the Gan River above Ji’an is 56223 Km 2.

6 Appendix 3

Figure 1: Topography of Ji’an and location of Jizhou, the project area. 8. Ji’an is the most important city in the middle of Jiangxi. Due to the fast-economic development; its urban area needs to expand with new road networks, improved and safer public transport services, improved non-motorized transport and more efficient multimodal interchange of transport to alleviate existing problems caused by overcrowded urban population. Hence, the Ji’an Municipal Government has proposed the new Western City Development of Jizhou District, with a planned new city area of 52 Km 2 and a projected population of 276000 by 2020 and an ultimate population of 300000. Currently the Jizhou District has a land area of 425 Km 2 and a population of 343200. The JSTDP is located in the new city development area and includes the following four components (Figure 2):  The development of a 6.94 Km bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor along Jinggangshan Road with 15 stations, as well as the improvement of the station square at the existing Ji’an Railway Station;  Rehabilitation of 8.02 Km of Yudai River (5.3 Km) and its tributary (2.72 Km);  Construction of five urban roads totalling 19.33 Km in the Western City Development Area and traffic management improvement through the provision of coordinated signal system, central control system and traffic information collection system; and  Capacity building and institutional strengthening.

9. With the exception of the capacity building and institutional strengthening, the other three components require designing and planning before construction. Transport system design requires careful consideration of local climate conditions to prevent any disastrous damage to the system from climate hazard. Climate change has the potential to alter the climate condition; hence this study is focused on the climate change impact on the sensitive project components to the climate and the implication for the design process for the Yudai River rehabilitation and five new road development components.

Appendix 3 7

Figure 2: Location of the project components (source: ADB)

1.2 Potential risks of climate change to the project 10. Transport is vulnerable to climate variability and change. Although most climate factors can influence a transport system, for systems located at inland regions the major road damages are sourced from temperature and precipitation. The influence of these two factors on a transport system is to a large degree manifested by their extremes and aftermath. In terms of temperature, the high temperature caused extreme heat places stress on road infrastructure; softens the asphalt causing traffic rutting and potentially resulting in cracking. Extreme heat can also stress the steel in bridges through thermal expansion and movement of bridge joints. Extremely low temperature can cause fatigue and thermal cracking of the pavement. A wide range of temperatures (the difference between the maximum and the minimum temperature) will make asphalt binders difficult to span accordingly. In terms of precipitation, a torrential rain can lead to urban waterlogging if the drainage system has inadequate capacity. Flood resulted from torrential or heavy rainfall can cause severe water damage to roads, including collapse of the slope bed; damage to the subgrade, road surface, and key infrastructure components such as bridges; and damage due to landslide and debris flow etc.

8 Appendix 3

11. The latest climate science points to an increasingly rapid pace of climate change over the forthcoming decades. Such change will likely alter the long-term climatic averages and, in particular, the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Hence the heat extremes and extreme rainfall, as well as floods are likely to become more intense and more frequent during this century. 12. The Ji-Tai plain has relative low altitude, and is historically threatened by river flooding from the Gan River. In addition, the JSTDP is built on low-lying farmland along the Yudai River in the western side of Jizhou, hence is under the risk of waterlogging from torrential rain. As most urban flooding in Ji’an is caused by rainfall; within the context of this study, potential changes in rainfall, including changes in its variability, is of critical importance to the long-term sustainability of the JSTDP. As indicated in the EIA report (ADB, 2014) detailed design of project components sensitive to the flood, and the flood control capacity of the Yudai River, will need to take account of potential changes to accommodate the climate change impact consequences. The temperature of Ji’an is characterised as mild sub-tropical climatology. The change in temperature is not expected to have major impact on the project. Nevertheless, the climate change impact on temperature related factors is also analyzed in this study. 1.3 Purpose and scope of this study 13. This study aims to provide an assessment of potential risks posed by climate change to the design of the climate sensitive components of the JSTDP, and identify options to manage such risks by proposing and analyzing a range of adaptive measures. 14. Climate risk assessment will consider changes in temperature and rainfall based on outputs from the latest climate modelling experiments. Consideration of climate risk management options will include both “hard” measures entailing possible adjustment in design specifications, as well as “soft” options of ecological, governance or an institutional learning nature. 15. The overall objective of the climate change V&A assessment is to minimize the road damage and disruption in road use due to climate change impact. A scoping exercise was carried out to identify the vulnerability of the project to climate change impact. For the JSTDP, the temperature and rainfall sensitive project components includes road subgrade, pavement, bridge structures, slope protection and drainage system. The current design criteria are based on historical data and do not take account of changes in key hydro-met parameters under a changing climate. 16. Because the focus of this study is on the project vulnerability to changes in temperature and rainfall and its extremes, the required information to support this climate change impact assessment is historical observed temperature and rainfall at appropriate spatial and temporal scale, as well as the future climate change projections based on the latest scientific findings. Section 2 below will describe the methodology underlying the climate risk assessments. Details on the baseline and scenario datasets used for climate impacts assessment are provided in Section 3. Section 4 presents the impacts of climate change for the various components of the proposed project and their implications for the design, construction and operation of the project. Two future timeslice, i.e., 2050 and 2100, were used to illustrate the impact consequences. Possible adaptation options to manage climate risks within the context of the project, as well as a preliminary assessment of them, are discussed in Section 5. The report concludes with a set of recommendations on the design, construction and operation of the proposed project. 2. Methodology

Appendix 3 9

17. A risk is the product of the interaction between hazards, exposure and vulnerability. In this study, hazard is used to denote the threat from climate factors of temperature and rainfall, their extremes and aftermath. Exposure is referred to the presence of infrastructure and other assets related to a transport system that could be adversely affected when hazard happens and which, thereby, are subject to potential future harm, loss, or damage. For this project, the exposure is also related to the closeness of a low-lying flood prone area to a major river (the Gan River). Vulnerability is defined generally as the susceptibility to be adversely affected. The vulnerability can be either physical or socio-economic. For example, for this project, the vulnerability may come from the inadequate capacity of the project for future flood protection, or the possible economic constraints of building a comprehensive flood protection mechanism for the changing climate. This section discusses the method of analysis the climate factors that may pose threat to the JSTDP based on their historical observation and future projections under climate change. 2.1 Overall approach 18. The first step in climate change impact assessment is the construction of the future climate change scenarios. The construction of a climate change scenario involves the development of the baseline climate condition and the future climate change projections. Depending on the assessment need, spatial and/or site-specific climate change scenarios are required for impact studies. In this study, the baseline spatial climatology for the project areas was derived from the WorldCLIM database (http://www.worldclim.org ). The baseline site-specific climate condition was obtained from station based observed data. 19. The future climate change is subject to considerable uncertainty. One important aspect in climate change V&A assessment is to comprehend such an uncertainty range in decision making and policy planning process. Within this context, any climate change scenario constructed on single Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission rate and/or individual GCM outputs is generally considered inappropriate for V&A assessment purposes, because it cannot provide information of the uncertainty range associated with its projection. In this study, to reflect the uncertainties in future GHG emission rates and in the climate sensitivity, a combination of different GHG Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and climate sensitivities is used to characterize the future climate change scenario with associated uncertainty range. RCP6.0 with mid-climate sensitivity represents a middle range future global change scenario, which was used as an indicator of the median scenario projection of the future global change, while RCP4.5 with low-climate sensitivity and RCP8.5 with high-climate sensitivity was used as an indicator of the corresponding low and high bound of the uncertainty range (Table 1). Another important uncertainty in climate change scenario generation is the difference in different GCM simulations. To account for such an uncertainty in V&A assessment, a pattern scaling method was adopted and applied to wide range of GCMs to build a model ensemble. The average of models’ simulation of changes for a climate variable is normally used to capture the middle conditions, as that the average often agrees better with observed climate than any individual model estimates (Reichler and Kim 2008). In this study however, the 50 percentiles of the GCM model ensemble was used in order to prevent the influence of huge outliers in some GCM simulation on the final change projection values. 20. The method was thus termed as ‘ensemble-based pattern scaling’. Details of the method as well as the steps of constructing the future climate change scenario can be found in Appendix 1, while Appendix 2 lists the 40 IPCC AR5 GCMs used for model ensemble.

10 Appendix 3

Table 1: Three climate projections and their input conditions represent the uncertainty ranges Climate projection Representative Concentration Pathways Climate sensitivity Median scenario RCP6.0 Mid Low scenario RCP4.5 Low High scenario RCP8.5 High

2.2 Spatial climate change scenario 21. Monthly and seasonal climate change impact was assessed spatially over the project areas. The baseline climatology for the project areas was obtained from the WorldCLIM database with a spatial resolution of about 1 Km (http://www.worldclim.org ). In generating the climate change scenario for the project areas, the simulation results from 40 GCMs that are assessed in the IPCC AR5 were used (Appendix 2). All 40 models have their monthly simulation results available. 2.3 Site specific climate change scenario 22. Besides the spatial monthly change projections, site specific climate change scenarios with finer temporal scale are usually required for impact assessment. The site-specific temperature change scenario was constructed by perturbing the station observed daily data using the normalised GCM pattern value from the GCM grid where the climate station is located. In this study, all observation data from a station was used to represent the baseline climate condition for the site. 23. For site specific extreme value analysis, we first chose an intensity value (such as 1:20 year maximum daily precipitation) and then selected its normalised pattern value from the GCM gird where the site is located. The value is then applied to the same precipitation intensity that derived from the observed historical data to generate the future change scenarios. 24. In the following two sections, the method described above is adopted to generate the change projections for climate variables that may become hazardous to the proposed project. Rainfall and temperature data were collected for 4 stations around the project area. Table 2 lists the information for the four stations. The location of the stations can be found in Table 2: Location information of the meteorological stations Station Name Longitude Latitude Altitude Observation (°) (°) (m) Period Ji’an 114.92 27.05 71.2 1951-2013 Ganzhou 115.00 25.87 137.5 1951-2013 Jinggangshan 114.17 26.58 843.0 1999-2013 Lianhua 113.95 27.13 181.4 2006-2013

25. Appendix 4 (Figure A4-1). The temperature related climate variables were analysed for Ji’an only, as its impact is only site-specific. With regard to rainfall, of the 4 stations, Ji’an is the local station; Jinggangshan and Lianhua are located in the west of the city at the centre of the torrential rain along the Luoxiao Mountains, hence represent the upper stream hill and mountainous conditions of the Ji’an city catchment. Ganzhou represents the upper-reach condition of the Gan River. Unfortunately, both Jingganshan and Lianhua have relative short periods of observation, making them unsuitable for baseline and climate change analysis. In this

Appendix 3 11

study, only Ji’an and Ganzhou data were used for rainfall related climate variable analysis.

3. Climate observation and change projections 3.1 Observational temperature data and their future projections 26. The temperature related climate variables that have impacts on transport systems include the mean, minimum and maximum temperature; the extreme maximum temperature and related heat waves; and the temperature change range (the difference between minimum and maximum temperature). Appendix 3 lists the temperature related climate variables and their projected future changes in 2050 and 2100 for Ji’an. The baseline annual average mean, minimum and maximum temperatures of Ji’an are 18.5, 15.1 and 23.1°C respectively. By 2050, the median projection was 19.8°C, indicating an increase of 1.3°C, with an uncertainty range of change increase between 0.9 to 2.6°C. By 2100, the median temperature projection is 21.0°C, an increase of 2.5°C, with an uncertainty range of 1.3 to 6°C. 27. It is likely that the extreme maximum temperature will become more intense. The current 1:50 year observed annual maximum daily temperature is 40.8°C, whilst the event of the same intensity will likely become 41.9°C (1.1°C increase) by 2050 and 43.0°C (2.2°C increase) by 2100, and the corresponding uncertainty ranges are 0.8 to 2.4°C and 1.1 to 5.4°C for 2050 and 2100 respectively. Heat wave thus will likely become more intensified and frequent, as indicated by the 7-day average maximum temperature for Ji’an, but is still under 45°C for the high scenario by the end of this century. 28. The minimum temperature, both average and extreme low, will likely to increase, which indicates a reduced frost period and snow falls in the area. Given the likelihood of increase of both the daily maximum and minimum temperature, the difference between them may not change or may be slightly reduced: the current difference of the 1:50 year annual daily maximum and minimum temperature is 48.3°C i.e., the difference between 40.8°C and -7.5°C; the changes of median projection for 2050 and 2100 are 48.2°C and 48.0°C respectively. 3.2 Observational rainfall data and their future projections 29. The rainfall related climate variables and their aftermath that could become hazardous for the project including torrential rain and flood. No major landslide or debris flow has been observed in Jizhou. Details of the observed rainfall data and their future change projections are demonstrated in Appendix 4. The key findings are discussed below: Baseline 1) Jizhou district has relatively lower rainfall than its surrounding areas. However, due to its low-lying location, the heavy rainfall from the upper reach of the Gan River leads to a higher flood risk in Jizhou than its surrounding area. The large rainfall in the north and northeast of the province contributes significant runoff to the Gan River, as well as the Luoxiao Mountains in the west which is the centre of torrential rain during the rainy season. 2) The normal rainfall of the rainy season is relatively evenly distributed inside Ji’an city at around 700 mm (Figure A4-4), except for the areas of Jingganshan in the southwest and the high hilly areas in the east side of the Gan River, which all have relative larger rainfall than the rest area of Ji’an.

12 Appendix 3

3) Derived from the observation of 1951 to 2013, the annual average precipitation at Ji’an

is 1488 mm with a coefficient of variation (C v) of 0.19. Year 2010 recorded the maximum annual rainfall of 2209 mm, while the minimum was only 963 mm in 1963, which is less than half of the maximum. At the upper reach of the Gan River, Ganzhou has an annual

average of 1437 mm and C v of 0.20. 4) For Ji’an, the total average rainfall during the rainy season is 677 mm, which accounts for 45% of annual total. In general, May is the wettest month in a year but most of the severe floods occur in June. Future projection 1) Applying the ensemble-based pattern scaling method to the project area, the median climate change projection indicates that the normal rainfall change during the rainy season is likely to be noticeable. For Jiangxi, the median projection of the annual average precipitation is likely an increase of 1.5 to 4.5% by 2050 and 3 to 9% by 2100 (Figure A4-3). Ji’an has a slightly higher increase rate than the province average, which is 3-4.5% and 6-9% by 2050 and 2100 respectively (Figure A4-4). 2) For both Ji’an and Ganzhou stations, monthly rainfall is projected to increase for all months, though this is not significant for dry seasons (Figure A4-6). The rainy season has more obvious rainfall increase but accompanied with larger uncertainties. The uncertainty range skews quite heavily to the upper bound of the projection, which implies more likelihood of higher risk of climate change. Extreme rainfall and its projection 30. According to the extreme value theorem, for normalized maxima (minima) of a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables such as annual daily maximum rainfall, the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is the only possible limit distribution, and it is often used as an approximation to model the maxima (minima) of long (finite) sequences of random variables. In this study, the GEV distribution was applied to the daily observation to investigate extreme rainfall and their future changes. A detailed method description and analysis process can be found from Ye and Li (2011). 31. Table 3 lists for both stations the baseline intensity and frequency and the future changes of annual maximum rainfall in 2050 and 2100. As shown in Table 3, the current 1:50 year event of the annual maximum 10-day rainfall is 395.34 mm for Ji’an. The median change projection of such an event is 427.58 mm by 2050 and 458.53 mm by 2100, which represent 8% and 16% increase in rain intensity. The uncertainty range of the projection is 6% to 17% for 2050 and 8% to 39% for 2100. Another findings is that the climate change impact is likely to be larger when the extreme rainfall event become more intense: for 2050 at Ji’an, the annual maximum daily rainfall change from median scenario for 1:5 year event is only 5%, i.e., (127.55-121.54)/121.54; but it becomes 8.2%, i.e., (232.28-214.73)/214.73 for 1:50 year event. This is also evident from the enlarged gap between the baseline GEV distribution and its future projections (Figure A4-4 to A4-7). 32. Similarly, for Ganzhou its current 1:50 year event of the annual maximum 30-day rainfall is 569.65 mm. The median scenario projection of such an event increases to 615.39 and 659.45 mm by2050 and 2100 respectively, which are also 8% and 16% increases in rain intensity, accompanied with a similar uncertainty range of 6% to 17% for 2050 and 8% to 39% for 2100. 33. In summary, average rainfall is projected to increase gradually for the project area. The

Appendix 3 13

average increase is likely to be noticeable by 2050 and beyond, particularly for the rainy season. In contrast to the relatively small increase in average rainfall, the extreme rainfall intensity and/or frequency increase is significant. Such impacts will very likely result in an increased flood risk for the project area in the future.

Table 3: The GEV results of annual maximum rainfall and its future projections Return Annual maximum rainfall (mm) period 2050 scenario 2100 scenario Baseline (years) Low Median High Low Median High Ji’an: 1-day rainfall event 2 88.92 91.47 92.40 95.95 92.37 95.61 104.73 5 121.54 125.93 127.55 133.89 127.49 133.26 149.60 10 146.77 153.02 155.32 164.40 155.25 163.50 186.95 20 174.12 182.75 185.94 198.50 185.83 197.26 229.86 50 214.73 227.55 232.28 250.94 232.13 249.10 297.94 100 249.55 266.51 272.78 297.47 272.57 295.03 360.18 Ji’an: 10-day rainfall event 50 395.34 418.88 427.58 461.92 427.30 458.53 550.08 100 431.76 461.10 471.93 514.77 471.58 510.53 626.61 Ganzhou: 30-day rainfall event 50 569.65 603.05 615.39 664.29 614.99 659.45 791.61 100 607.90 648.60 663.63 723.30 663.14 717.38 882.81 3.3 Climate change impact on the JSTDP and the implication to the project design 34. The climate change information needs to be related to the project components that are sensitive to the climate, in order to support the vulnerability assessment and adaptation options identified. In the context of this project, the target sensitive project components include:  Change in maximum temperature of the pavement;  Change in minimum temperature of the pavement;  Change in the range of temperature of the pavement;  The change of 1:2-year rainfall events, which is used in design for the storm water drainage for the road networks;  The change of 1:20, 1:50 year 24-hour heavy rainfall, which is used for urban flood water drain system design; and  The change of 1:50 year flood water level; which is used for rehabilitation of Yudai River flood protection design. 35. The pavement temperature has a linear relationship with the air temperature, so the increase of air temperature will lead to increase of pavement temperature. The baseline annual average air temperature of Ji’an is relatively mild. An increase of 1.3°C by 2050 or 2.5°C by 2100 will not cause significant impact to the transport system. The upper bound change from the high scenario projection of the annual maximum daily temperature may require some attention. Under such change scenario, the 1:20 maximum daily temperature is 42.8°C and

14 Appendix 3

45.9°C in 2050 and 2100 respectively, which implies more intense and longer lasting heat waves, but the change temperature is generally under 50°C. The increase in minimum temperature and the reduction of the temperature range will be beneficial to the transport system. 36. Compared to the potential impact from temperature, the heavy rainfall and it triggered flood pose a much greater risk to road systems, therefore are the major climate induced hazards for the JSTDP. To support criteria adjustment in project design, Table 3 lists the relevant heavy rainfall current observation and their future change projections. As shown in Table 3, the baseline 1:2-year annual maximum rainfall event intensity is 88.92 mm. The median projection of such event in 2050 is 92.40 mm, with an uncertainty range of 91.47 mm to 95.95 mm. The storm water drain system design should take such changes into consideration. If the current drain design criteria become inadequate for 2050 median projection, it is recommended to expend the capacity to accommodate the additional storm and flood water. For drain system components that will become difficult to repair or replace, it would be even more appropriate to use the high scenario change projections as the base for drainage design. 37. Due to its great damage potential, flood has always been the major consideration in transport system design in Jiangxi. For the purpose of assessing climate change impact on flood, it is necessary to develop a hydrologic model to reveal the relationship between rainfall and flood. The composition of flood water of the Gan River in Ji’an is complicated by its tributaries in its middle reach. The major tributaries inside Ji’an section include the Huolushui River, Gu River, Shushui River, Suichuan River. The combined catchment area from these tributaries is as large as 19323 Km 2. In addition, the human activities in the area have significantly altered the natural river flows. Inside the Ji’an City, there are 5 large reservoirs and 36 middle sized ones, and more than 1000 small dam and man-made water storage ponds (Liu, 2004). Though the small and middle size reservoirs may not have much influence on the natural river flow, the large reservoirs have significantly affected the river flow at its downstream. Wan’an reservoir is the largest hydraulic engineering project in the Gan River upper Ji’an. The height of its dam is 58 metres with a water catchment area of 36900 Km 2. The reservoir has completely altered the downstream river flow from its natural. Thus, it is very difficult to determine the flood water level at Ji’an just based on rainfall from its catchments (Mao and Wang, 2002). It appears inappropriate to apply any physical based and/or sophisticated conceptual hydrologic model to the Ji’an catchment, given its complex hydrologic condition. A statistical approach is thus adopted based on available hydro-met observations. In addition to the daily observed rainfall data of Ji’an and Ganzhou, an observed 30 years annual maximum flood height data from 1983 to 2012 was collected from the Hydrology Institute for Ji’an Station. A regression model was developed as follow:

(1)

where: Y is the annual peak flow height (masl); X1 is the 10-day total rainfall of Ji’an correspond in time to the peak flow height, i.e., the 10-day rainfall immediately preceding to the peak flow

date, and X2 is the corresponding 30-day total rainfall in Ganzhou. Appendix 5 gives the details of the statistical model development. The model has a reasonable performance in simulating the annual peak flow height as illustrated in Figure 3. The correlation coefficiency (R 2) is 0.58 with the standard error of 1.1 m. Thus, for a given annual peak flow height prediction, a confidence interval of ±0.34 metre is expected based on the 95% confidence level. The model slightly over- predicts smaller floods and under-predicts larger floods.

Appendix 3 15

With the developed rainfall—flow height model, a climate change impact assessment on river flood height at Ji’an can then be carried out. The detailed steps of calculating the flow height and their future projected changes are demonstrated in Appendix 6,

Figure 3: Performance of the statistical model in simulating the observed annual peak flow height.

38. Because of the linear relationship of extreme flow height to extreme rainfall (Equation 1), to what extent that climate change will impact on a flood depends on the magnitude of the flood event; the larger the flood event (or the higher the maximum flow height), the more impact the climate change may bring in. For the 30-year record, the largest flow height happens in 2010 with a flood water height being 53.14 masl. This particular event was linked to the 1:15 year heavy 10-day rainfall event of Ji’an (331.9 mm) and a normal 30-day rainfall event in Ganzhou (213.1 mm). By 2050 based on the extreme rainfall changes for Ji’an and Ganzhou and derived from Equation 1, an increase of 0.45 metre to 53.59 masl is projected by the median climate change scenario, with an uncertainty range of increase between 0.33 and 0.91 metre. The low and median scenario change is similar to the model’s confidence interval of ±0.34 m at 95% confidence level, but the high scenario projection is clearly beyond the interval range. Towards the end of this century, an increase of 0.85 metre is projected by the median scenario, but with an even higher uncertainty range of 0.45 to 2.02 metre. Even with high uncertainty, by 2100 the climate change impact projections are significantly larger than the model’s confidence interval at 95% confidence level . 39. From a conservative viewpoint, a potential additional 0.45 metre flood height is still a significant risk increase to a transport system. Careful review of current flood protection design is necessary to analyse any capacity insufficiency and identify any adaptation options to alleviate such negative impact. The urban flood in Ji’an can be distinguished into two basic types:  The flood from the Gan River;

16 Appendix 3

 The urban waterlogging due to localized torrential rainfall. 40. In the following part, the climate change impact on the types of flood is analysed individually.

Climate change impact on the Gan River flood and its implication to project design 41. The JSTDP area is located in low-lying farmland and is fundamentally depends on the levee and dyke along the banks of the Gan River for protection during flood periods. The JSTDP flood protection design is based on 1:50 year flood event. The Ji’an Government has a mid-term objective to strengthen the dykes to protect the urban area from 1:50 year flood and a long-term objective of completion of a plan to protect the urban area from 1:100-year flood. The enhancement of the Gan River dykes for flood protection is one of the top priorities in Ji’an government Flood Protection Plan (Ji’an Government, 2014 (1)). The current 1:50 year flood height at Ji’an is 54.41 masl (Tang and Deng, 2008). A 0.9 metre increase as projected by high climate change scenario by 2050 will make the intensity to 55.31 metre. 42. According to the information provided by SUCDRI, the new road network design criteria is 1:50 year flood level, but the actual height is 59 masl for most parts of the road surface due to other top-geographic requirements. The actual design standard is sufficiently higher than the climate change induced 1:50 year flood height increase. It may become inadequate only by the end of this century for high scenario, when the intensity change may be 2 metres higher. Additional adaptation measures, discussed in the next section, will be needed to further strengthen the resilience of the project against even more severe climate change impact in future.

Climate change impact on waterlogging and its implication for project design 43. Urban flood of waterlogging is caused by heavy rainfall in the urban catchment. In this project, all stormwater is designed to drain naturally to the Gan River by its own gravity. According to the Ji’an Government Flood Protection Plan, the drainage system must meet the requirement of completely draining the storm water from 1:10 year 24h rainfall event in one day (Ji’an Government, 2014(1)). 44. A drainage system capacity is commonly calculated by the waterlogging drainage module, as described as:

where: is the waterlogging drainage module (m 3/s/km 2);

is the effective rainfall (mm)

is designed drain duration (days)

is the total drain time per day (hour).

Appendix 3 17

45. From the “Jianxi Torrential Rainfall and Flood Manual”, the point-to-area rainfall coefficient of Ji’an is 0.995, and the effective rainfall coefficient for urban area is 0.85. Take T as 1 day and t as 24 hours, the water logging drainage modules for the 1:10 year daily maximum rainfall event was calculated as in Table 4. According to Table 4, the waterlogging drainage module may be required to increase by 6% in 2050 and 11% by 2100, in order to meet the Ji’an government flood protection plan.

Climate change impact on urban flood due to high flood water level and waterlogging 46. As discussed previously, the drainage system is designed to drain storm water to the Gan River outfalls or outlets driven by water gravity. Such flow condition cannot be satisfied when the water level in the Gan River becomes higher than the outfalls or outlets. This may not be an issue if torrential rain does not occur at the same time in the urban area. The most severe flood occurs when the flood of the Gan River coincides with torrential rain in the urban area. Out of the 10 major floods since 1950 to early 2000s (i.e., 1959, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1968, 1982, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010), three (1962, 1998 and 2010) can be classified as this type of flood. Under such hydrologic conditions, the storm water cannot be drained to the Gan River due to the backwater effects. The urban area may undergo a period of waterlogging, and may potentially affect the sensitive components of the proposed project. 47. Because the actual height is 59 masl for most parts of the road surface due to other top- geographic requirements (per comm. SUCDRI), the occurrence of flood water overtopping the new road network is unlikely even under high scenario climate change conditions (the current 1:200 year flood water level is 55.42 masl). The main function of the Yudai River area is for recreation. Hence the main design objective will be to protect riverbed from flood and prevent soil erosion, which have all been incorporated in the Yudai River Rehabilitation design. Given climate change impact caused increase of both Gan River flood and torrential rain in Ji’an; it is likely that waterlogging may still occur for the Yudai River Rehabilitation area if the two weather events coincide together, but huge cost of damage is unlikely from the inundation of the green field of the recreation area.

Table 4: Ji’an water logging drainage modulus for 1:10 year daily rainfall Waterlogging drainage modulus (m 3/s/km 2) 2050 scenario 2100 scenario Baseline Low Median High Low Median High 1.43 1.49 1.51 1.60 1.51 1.59 1.82

4. The adaptation options

48. As discussed previously, flood damage is the major climate risk to the JSTDP. To avoid costly repairing and/or replacement in the future, the sensitive exposure components to flood in the JSTDP should take the climate change impact induced additional flood risk into project design and construction consideration. In the following part, the adaptation options are discussed in three general categories.

4.1 “Hard” options: adjustments to design of relevant project component(s)

18 Appendix 3

49. Given the safety factor adopted in the project design, together with the Ji’an Government plan of raising the Gan River dykes to protect the urban centre from 1:100-year flood, the current road and bridge design standards are likely to be adequate by the middle of this century. After 2050, further rising of the Gan River dykes may be required. However even the flood water overtopping the dyke, the damage to the new road network and the Yudai River area will be limited due to the relatively higher ground of the road system. On the other hand, the drainage system may need to be adjusted to a higher design standard. A conservative 6% increment of the waterlogging drainage module is recommended, and an 8-10% increment for the critical components would be more appropriate, given the difficulty of repair and replacement of urban drainage system in the future. The induced waterlogging may become even severer under climate change, but the risk of flood damage to the project components will be limited, due to the height of road network and relative low-lying area surrounding them. The BRT system is built on existing roads, so its flood protection design needs to be considered carefully with the existing road system. The green space of the Luling Cultural Park downstream of the JSTDP could also help reduce the waterlogging in the project area. Therefore, another adaptation could be built on the green space development, based on detailed digital elevation model. However, waterlogging for a substantially long time may still have the potential of damaging the infrastructure of the project components, additional water drainage system--such as flood water pump station-- may be considered in the future as an alternative adaptation option. Clearly, at what stage the additional adaptation options may be implemented depends on the financial consideration and future climate change trends. The Ji’an Government has a long-term plan to enhance the dykes of the Gan River along the Ji’an to protect the urban area against 1:200-year flood event. The implementation of such plan will no doubt substantially benefit the proposed project against the climate change impact.

4.2 “Soft” measures: ecological solutions, institutional and technical capacity building to enhance risk awareness and ability for ongoing risk assessment & management, knowledge management to improve risk assessment as new information emerges 50. Human activity has considerably interfered with both the Gan River flow and other river flows in Ji’an (including Luohushui, the upper stream of Yudai River). It makes the flood prediction a complex task on the one hand, but provides good opportunity as an effective adaptation to alleviate the damage from flood on the other. As mentioned previously, in general, flood from either Gan River or rivers inside Ji’an only cause minor damage. The most severe urban flood is caused by the coincidence of flood of the Gan River and torrential rain in the urban area, i.e., all river systems has high flood levels. In such a case, the hydraulic facilities inside both river systems could provide effective adaptive capacity against flooding in the Ji’an city. 51. For example, the Wan’an Reservoir has strong flood water storage capacity and can reduce peak flood height by 0.5-0.7metre for Ji’an (Li et al. 2007). The Wan’an Reservoir has not yet operated at its full capacity, so it is expected more peak flood water adjustment can be achieved by Wan’an Reservoir in the future. The numerous small and middle-sized dams in Ji’an also have the potential to adjust the intensity and duration of flood. These existing hydraulic facilities are; however, heavily depend on accurate and real-time hydro-met information in order to operate in synergy to optimise their capacity against flood. The Ji’an Government has prioritised the task of the development of a comprehensive hydro-met prediction system in its 12 th five-year development plan (Ji’an Government, 2014 (2)).

4.3 Assessment of climate risk management options

Appendix 3 19

52. Risk assessment encounters difficulties in estimating the likelihood and magnitude of extreme events and their impacts. Management of the risk associated with climate extremes, extreme impacts and disasters benefits from an integrated systems approach; as opposed to separately managing individual types of risk, or risk in particular locations. The above adaptations are discussed against their targeted vulnerable components. However, one adaptation will not only strengthen the resilience of the target component, but will also benefit all components across the project.

Table 5: Summary of adaptation options Adaptation options Cost Benefit Comments Operation of Wan’an Depends on the Current operation already The reservoir is not reservoir at full capacity re-settlement can reduce the peak flood operated at its full for flood control height by 0.5 m. More flood capacity due to a height reduction can be historical re-settlement achieved when the issue. reservoir on full operation Increase drainage ~CNY10million Reduce the risk of Cost is approximation. capacity under the new waterlogging in the project More accurate value will road network area be available when detailed design starts. Addition of auxiliary unknown Reduce the risk of This adaptation is not in pumps for water removal waterlogging in the project the scope of this project, area so no plan yet. Cost of raising levees Will be Reduce the flood risk from This option is already in implemented by the Gan River Ji’an government Ji’an hydraulic plan, and will Government add no cost to the project

53. Of the adaptations discussed above, the “Hard” options will likely incur more financial investment. Careful review of the current design, if this has not already done, is required to examine whether the future climate change impact can be covered. If not, a cost-benefit analysis may be required to determine the best adaptation options. The BRT system is built on existing road and any “Hard” options will be constrained by the existing road conditions. The new road system and the Yudai River rehabilitation have a range of adaptation options to consider but the most important one is the review of the adequacy of the drainage system design for the new roads. The Yudai River rehabilitation design provides a good opportunity to re-design the river channels to satisfy the future flood conditions. The “Hard” adaptation review should be as comprehensive as possible. Some adaptation measures may be beyond a project scope, but may bring in substantial benefit to the project such as the Ji’an Government Flood Protection Plan for the JSTDP. 54. It should also be recognised that the “Soft” options could be much cost effective and equally efficient. The hydraulic facilities in Ji’an have great potential to alleviate the flood risk. The Wan’an Reservoir alone has the potential to reduce the flood height in Ji’an by a half metre if it is operated under on-time hydro-met information during flooding. The ecosystem restoration in the Ji’an will have good potential to prevent riverbank collapse, debris flow and other hazards to road systems, hence reduce damage. It has been found that great resilience can also be reached by management options through capacity building and raising awareness; so, a comprehensive review of the current institutional capacity and management structure may be a good start to achieve both effective and efficient adaption for climate change impact. Table 5 lists a summary of the adaptations with estimated cost/benefit analysis.

20 Appendix 3

5. Conclusion

55. The objective of the Jiangxi Ji’an Urban Transport Development Project is to facilitate the socio-economic development in the Western City Development Area of Ji’an City and benefit a future population of 300,000 in the area. Climate change may have significant impact on the future use and maintenance of the project. Immediate actions should be taken to include effective and efficient adaptations as an integral part of project design and construction to alleviate any negative climate change impact consequences. Incorporating effective adaptation measures in project design and construction will prevent costly infrastructure remedy and/or re- construction and warrant the long-term economic benefit for which the project is designed. 56. This report produces quantitative climate change information relevant to the project by making use of the pattern scaling based GCM ensemble method. The advantage of the method is that it not only takes the key uncertainties in climate change science into future projection consideration, but also treats these key uncertainties independently. Therefore, climate change projections and their associated uncertainty range can be produced consistently through combination of the different scenarios. A quantitative impact assessment can then be conducted by building the risk profile for the key vulnerable components, and targeted adaptation options can subsequently be identified and evaluated. 57. As revealed by the study, the biggest climate related risk to the project is river flood and urban flood caused by heavy rainfall. The climate change scenario analysis indicated an enhanced risk profile for both river and urban floods. Several adaptation options were identified and discussed. 58. This study was constrained by a number of limitations:

 The river flow of the Gan River up Ji’an comes mainly comes three areas: 1. Western Luoxiao Mountain Area; 2. Area surrounding Wan’an Reservoir; and 3. Area in the southeast beyond Wan’an Reservoir.

59. Statistically, Mao and Wang (2002) found that the flood in Ji’an is correlated well with the previous 24h rainfall in Area 1; previous 24-48h rainfall in Area 2; and previous 48-72h rainfall in Area 3. In this report, long term rainfall data was not found for Areas 1 and 3, so that the rainfall - flood height is built only on the daily rainfall of Ji’an and Ganzhou (Area 2). The statistical relationship could be improved if Areas 1 and 3 data becomes available.  Given the size of the project area, it would be appropriate to use climate projections that have finer spatial and/or temporal resolutions, such as outputs of Regional Climate Models (RCMs). However, these data are either not accessible, or not available in sufficient numbers for model ensemble. Nevertheless, the V&A work presented based on the latest GCM outputs is still valid and may even be a better choice because of two reasons. Firstly, for V&A assessment work, the issue of most concern is the uncertainty range in association with the future climate projection. Whether the RCM could reduce the uncertainty range projected by GCM is still an open question. As concluded by Feng et al. (2011) in simulation of extreme climate events over China with different RCMs,

Appendix 3 21

even though several important extreme climate events of the 1990s were reproduced, the signals were weak. Secondly, the RCM is useful on local spatially scale climate change assessment with introduction of fine scale bio-physical dynamic processes, which are generally precluded in GCM models. The V&A assessment of JSTDP is focused predominately on-site specific climate change impact consequence. Although the fine scale bio-physical dynamic processes may have some role to play at this site scale, the uncertainty is still dominated by the difference in climate model assumptions. Within this context, including more climate modelling outputs in climate change projection is more important than ensuring that fine scale dynamic processes are correctly represented in the modelling process.  The rainfall - flood height relationship is built on daily rainfall observation of 08:00 to 08:00. For urban flood modelling and assessment normally requires sub-daily hydro-met observations, i.e., hourly time series data. Further study can be carried out when this information becomes available.  The impact assessment was conducted based on available data. Though considered as adequate for this study, a properly developed impact model will better reveal the detailed relationship between heavy rainfall and the river flood and urban flood. For example, a time series river flow data would help in developing proper hydrologic and hydraulic models so that the impact on flood due to changes in rainfall could be explored; a detailed digital elevation model (DEM) would help to develop flood area mapping to identify the most vulnerable area for effective adaptation action implementation.  The adaptation options discussed were presented as initial recommendations. Although the median scenario may be used in supporting design adjustment or adaptation planning, some critical transport infrastructure may be required to sustain high climate risk; hence a projection developed on a higher change scenario may be needed.  No economic data was available to investigate the cost-benefit of implementing such adaptation options. However, we recommend selection of appropriate adaptations and/or their combination to be considered in project design wherever it is feasible.

22 Appendix 3

6. Reference ADB 2010. Sustainable Transport Initiative: Operational Plan. (http://www.adb.org/documents/sustainable-transport-initiative-operational-plan ; website accessed at June 2013) ADB 2012. Proceedings of ADB Sustainable Inland Waterway Transport International Workshop, 11-12 Sept. 2012, Chongqing, PR China. ADB 2013. Sustainable Transport for All. ( http://www.adb.org/sectors/transport/overview . Website accessed at June 2013) Andrewartha, H. G. and L. C. Birch. 1973. The History of Insect Ecology. In History of Entomology, ed. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler and C. N. Smith, 229-266. Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA Fan J., Shan J., Guan M. and Xu X. 2012. Calculation of the critical area rainfall causing flood in Jianxi small watersheds. Meteorological Monthly. 2012 Vol.38 No.9. (In Chinese) Feng J, Wang Y. and Fu C. 2011. Simulation of extreme climate events over China with different regional climate models. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Vol. 4, No.1. Ji’an Government. 2014 (1). Ji’an Urban Development Planning Revision (2007-2020). http://www.jxjatv.com/...ge=5/content-22-657 (website accessed August 2014, in Chinese) Ji’an Government. 2014(2) The 12 th Five Year Plan of Ji’an Economic and social Development. http://www.jian.gov.cn/pubinfo/fzgh/fzgh/201309/t20130924_1661901.html (website accessed at August 2014, in Chinese). Li K. Tan Z. Zhou J and Jiang W. 2007 On the influence of Human activities on the river environment of Gan River catchment. Water Resource Environment. Vol 28 No. 3 (in Chinese) Liu J. 2004 Discussion of the flood control condition of the channel on the mid-stream of Gan River. Hydraulic Science and Technology, 2004.2. Mao W. and Wang H. 2002. Forecast method on surface rainfall of river basin in middle stream of Gan River and flood meteorological index in Ji’an. Jiangxi Meteorological science and technology. Vol. 25 No. 2 Murphy, J.M., D.M. Sexton, D.N. Barnett, G.S. Jones, M.J. Webb, M. Collins, D.A. Stainforth, 2004. Quantification of modelling uncertainties in a large ensemble of climate change simulations. Nat., 430 (7001): 768-772. DOI: 10.1038/nature02771. Murphy, J.M., A. Noda, S.C.B. Raper, I.G. Watterson, A.J. Weaver, and Z. Zhao, 2007. Global climate projections. In Climate Change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

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Change (eds S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller). Cambridge, UK and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Räisänen, J. 2007. How reliable are climate models? Tellus , 59, A(1), S.2-29. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2006. 00211.x. Santer, B.D., T.M.L. Wigley, M.E. Schlesinger, J.F.B. Mitchell, 1990. Developing climate scenarios from equilibrium GCM results, MPI Report Number 47, Hamburg Shan J. Yin J. Zhang Y. Chen J. and Liu X. 2007. The study on of torrential rainfall characteristics and the prediction of the induced flood in Jiangxi. Torrential Rainfall and Disaster. Vol. 26 No.4. 2007 (In Chinese) Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen., M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, H.L. Miller, (eds.) 2007. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Task Group on Data and Scenario Support Sorteberg, A. and N.G. Kvamsto, 2006. The effect of internal variability on anthropogenic climate projections. Tellus, 58A, 565–574. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2006.00202.x. Sterl, A., C. Severijns, G.J. Van Oldenborgh, H. Dijkstra, W. Hazeleger, M. Van den Broeke, G. Burgers, B. Van den Hurk, P.J. Van Leeuwen, P. Van Velthoven, 2007. The ESSENCE project - signal to noise ratio in climate projections. http://www.knmi.nl /~sterl/ Essence/essence_1_v2.2.pdf Tang J, and L. Deng, 2008. Hydrological analysis of flood contro and drainage in Ji’an City. J. Nanchang Institute of Technology. Vol. 27, No. 1. Wigley, T.M.L., 2003. MAGICC/SCENGEN 4.1: Technical Manual. National Center forAtmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado. Wilby R.L., J. Troni, Y. Biot, L. Tedd, B.C. Hewitson, D.M. Smith and R.T. Sutton, 2009. A review of climate risk information for adaptation and development planning, Int. J. Climatol. 29: 1193–1215 Ye W. and Y. Li, 2011. A method of applying daily GCM outputs in assessing climate change impact on multiple day extreme precipitation for Brisbane River Catchment, MODSIM11. In Chan, F., Marinova, D. and Anderssen, R.S. (eds) MODSIM2011, 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2011, pp. 3678-3683. ISBN: 978-0-9872143-1-7

24 Appendix 3

Appendix 1: Climate change scenario generation

The uncertainties in climate change scenario generation

The future climate change projection includes uncertainties, particularly at the regional and local level. The major sources of uncertainties come from: 1) the difference of spatial change projections modelled by different GCMs; 2) the future Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission rates; and 3) different GCM model parameterisation due to the unknown or not fully understood mechanism and feedbacks in the climate systems. A thoroughly studied uncertainty by scientific community is the difference in GCM model parameterisation, or the climate sensitivity. The climate sensitivity is conventionally defined as the equilibrium change in global mean surface

temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric (equivalent) CO 2 concentration simulated by a GCM. It has been found Anhat the uncertainty range is between 2.0°C to 4.5°C (Solomon et al., 2007).

To reflect the uncertainty of future GHG emission rates, a new process has been used for future global climate change projection since IPCC AR5. In this process, GHG emissions and socioeconomic scenarios are developed in parallel, building on different trajectories of radiative forcing over time to construct pathways (trajectories over time) of radiative forcing levels (or

CO 2-equivalent concentrations) that are both representative of the emissions scenario literature and span a wide space of resulting GHG concentrations that lead to clearly distinguishable climate futures. These radiative forcing trajectories were thus termed “Representative Concentration Pathways” ( RAnPs ). An RCP was simulated in an Integrated Assessment model to provide one internally consistent plausible pathway of GHG emissions and land use change that leads to the specific radiative forcing target. The full set of RCPs spans the complete range of integrated assessment literature on emissions pathways and the radiative forcing targets are distinct enough to result in clearly different climate signals.

In this study, three RCPs: RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, is used to characterise the possible climate change scenario for the project area and uncertainty range. RCP6.0 with mid-climate sensitivity represents a GHG concentration reaching 850 ppm and stabilized after 2100, it is a middle range future change scenario. Similarly, RCP4.5 (650 ppm GHG and stabilized at 2100) with low-climate sensitivity and RCP8.5 (concentration larger than 1370 ppm at 2100 and still rising) with high-climate sensitivity represents the low and high bound of the uncertainty range of future global change scenarios as shown in Table 1. The three RCPs represent rising radiative forcing to 4.5, 6 and 8.5 W/m 2 by 2100 respectively.

The General Circulation Model (GCM) is the most reliable tool in generating the future climate change scenarios at large to global scale. However, given the current state of scientific understanding and limitations of GCMs in simulating the complex climate system, for any given

Appendix 3 25

region in the world, it is still not possible to single out a GCM that outperforms all other GCMs in future climate change projection. Future climate change projection based on the analysis of a large ensemble of GCM outputs is more appropriate than using any individual GCM outputs (Wilby et al. 2009). This is particularly important if such a projection is used for impact assessments; a large ensemble of GCM simulations can provide a reliable specification of the spread of possible regional changes by including samples covering the widest possible range modelling uncertainties (Murphy et al. 2004, Sortberg and Kvamsto 2006, Murphy et al. 2007, Räisänen 2007). A single GCM projection of future climate made with even the most sophisticated GCM can be of limited use for impact assessment as it lacks the ability to provide information on the range of uncertainties. Within an ensemble approach, provided the members of the ensemble are independent, a larger ensemble size could lead to a more reliable statistical result (Sterl et al. 2007). In this study, the 50-percentile value from the model ensemble sample was used in generating future climate change projections.

The pattern scaling method

The pattern-scaling method (Santer et al ., 1990) is based on the theory that, firstly, a simple climate model can accurately represent the global responses of a GCM, even when the response is non-linear (Raper et al. 2001), and secondly, a wide range of climatic variables represented by a GCM are a linear function of the global annual mean temperature change represented by the same GCM at different spatial and/or temporal scales (Mitchell, 2003, Whetton et al. 2005). Constructing climate change scenarios using the pattern-scaling method requires the following information: a) regional patterns of changes in climate (e.g. for precipitation) by specified timeframe (e.g. month) from GCM results, which are normalized to give a spatial pattern of change per degree of global-mean temperature change; b) time-dependent projections of global-mean temperature change projected by a selected RCP under a selected “climate sensitivities” c) baseline climate variables derived from observational records.

In generating a “time-slice” scenario for a future year, the normalised pattern (a) is scaled by a time dependent projection of global-mean temperature change (b). The resultant scenario of climate change is then used to perturb the underlying observed spatial climatology (c) to give a “new” climate for the year in question. In this way, the three key uncertainties – the GCM spatial patterns of change, the future GHG emission rates and the climate sensitivity – can be treated independently and combined flexibly and quickly to produce future climate scenarios (as per Wigley, 2003).

The pattern scaling method is also extended to analyse the climate change impact on climate variability, such as the extreme precipitation event. A general extreme value (GEV) function was

26 Appendix 3

applied to the daily precipitation data from historical observations and GCM outputs to derive precipitation intensity values. Similar to a normalised pattern for monthly precipitation, normalised patterns of a series of precipitation intensities, such as 1:20 year maximum daily precipitation, is calculated for a GCM following the steps discussed previously. In generating the normalised patterns, the GCM simulated period of 1975 to 2005 was used as GCM baseline.

Out of the 40 GCMs 22 have their daily simulation outputs publicly available (see Appendix 2). For the GCM with available daily data, a linear regression method was used to process them in order to derive the normalised pattern for the precipitation intensity series. A more detail discussion of the extreme precipitation change scenario generation can be found from Ye and Li (2011).

Appendix 3 27

Appendix 2: IPCC AR5 GCMs used in this scenario generation and their horizontal and vertical resolutions. Models with daily data available are used for extreme rainfall event scenario generation

Resolution Model label (longitude°  Daily Institution latitude°) Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research ACCESS1.0 1.875 1.25 No Organization/Bureau of Meteorology (CSIRO-BOM) Australia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research ACCESS1.3 1.875 1.25 Yes Organisation/Bureau of Meteorology (CSIRO-BOM) Australia BCC-CSM1.1 2.8125 2.8125 No Beijing Climate Center (BCC ) China BCC-CSM1.1(m) 2.8125 2.8125 No Beijing Climate Center (BCC) China BNU-ESM 2.8125 2.8125 No Beijing Normal University (BNU) China Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and CanESM2 2.8125 2.8125 Yes Analysis (CCCma) Canada National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) CCSM4 1.25 0.9375 Yes USA National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) CESM1(BGC) 1.25 0.9375 Yes USA National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) CESM1(CAM5) 1.25 0.9375 No USA Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti CMCC-CM 0.75 0.75 Yes  Climatici (CMCC) Italy Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti CMCC-CMS 1.875 1.875 Yes Climatici (CMCC) Italy Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques CNRM-CM5 1.41.4 Yes (CNRM-CERFACS) France Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research CSIRO-Mk3.6.0 1.875 1.875 Yes Organisation (CSIRO) Australia EC-EARTH consortium published at Irish Centre for EC-EARTH 1.125 1.125 No High-End Computing (ICHEC) Netherlands/Ireland Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy FGOALS-g2 2.81x1.66 No of Sciences(LSAG-CESS) China Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy FGOALS-s2 2.81x1.66 No of Sciences(LSAG-IAP) China Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) GFDL-CM3 2.5 × 2.0 No USA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) GFDL-ESM2G 2.5x2.0 Yes USA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) GFDL-ESM2M 2.5x2.0 Yes USA NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA- GISS-E2-H 2.5×2×L40 No GISS) USA NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA- GISS-E2-H-CC 2.5×2×L40 No GISS) USA GISS-E2-R 2.5×2×L40 No NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA-

28 Appendix 3

GISS) USA NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA- GISS-E2-R-CC 2.5x2×L40 No GISS) USA HadCM3 3.75x2.5 No Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) UK

National Institute of Meteorological Research, HadGEM2-AO 1.875 × 1.2413 No Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMR-KMA) South Korea HadGEM2-CC 1.875 × 1.2413 No Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) UK National Institute of Meteorological Research, HadGEM2-AO 1.875 × 1.2413 No Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMR-KMA) South Korea HadGEM2-CC 1.875 × 1.2413 No Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) UK HadGEM2-ES 1.875 × 1.2413 Yes Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) UK Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of INM-CM4 2x1.5 Yes Numerical Mathematics (INM) Russia IPSL-CM5A-LR 3.75x1.875 Yes Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) France IPSL-CM5A-MR 2.5x1.25874 Yes Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) France IPSL-CM5B-LR 3.75x1.875 Yes Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) France Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (The University of Tokyo), National Institute for

MIROC-ESM Yes Environmental Studies, and Japan Agency for 2.8125x2.8125 Marine-Earth Science and Technology (MIROC) Japan Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (The University of Tokyo), National Institute for MIROC-ESM- Yes Environmental Studies, and Japan Agency for CHEM 2.8125x2.8125 Marine-Earth Science and Technology (MIROC) Japan Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (The University of Tokyo), National Institute for

MIROC4h No Environmental Studies, and Japan Agency for 0.5625x0.5625 Marine-Earth Science and Technology (MIROC) Japan Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (The University of Tokyo), National Institute for MIROC5 1.40625 × Yes Environmental Studies, and Japan Agency for 1.40625 Marine-Earth Science and Technology (MIROC) Japan Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) MPI-ESM-LR 1.875x1.875 Yes Germany Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) MPI-ESM-MR 1.875 × 1.875 Yes Germany Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) MRI-CGCM3 1.125x1.125 Yes Japan Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norwegian NorESM1-M 2.5x1.875 Yes Meteorological Institute (NCC) Norway Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norwegian NorESM1-ME 2x2 No Meteorological Institute (NCC) Norway

Appendix 3 29

Appendix 3: Ji’an temperature related observed climate variables and their future projections

Table A3-1: Annual average temperature and future change projections (°C) Baseline 2050 scenario 2100 scenario Low Median High Low Median High

Mean 18.5 19.4 19.8 21.1 19.8 21.0 24.5 Minimum 15,1 16.0 16.4 17.7 16.3 17.5 20.9 Maximum 23.1 24.0 24.4 25.8 24.4 25.7 29.3

Table A3-2: Annual extreme daily temperature and future change projections (°C) Return 2050 scenario 2100 scenario Baseline period (°C) Low Median High Low Median High (year)

10 40.1 41.0 41.3 42.5 41.3 42.4 45.6 20 40.5 41.3 41.6 42.8 41.6 42.7 45.9 50 40.8 41.6 41.9 43.2 41.9 43.0 46.2

10 -5.3 -4.4 -4.0 -2.6 -4.0 -2.8 0.5 20 -6.3 -5.3 -5.0 -3.6 -5.0 -3.7 -0.5 50 -7.5 -6.6 -6.3 -4.9 -6.3 -5.0 -1.8

Table A3-3: Annual 7-day maximum temperature and future change projections (°C) Return 2050 scenario 2100 scenario Baseline period (year) Low Median High Low Median High 20 39.2 40.0 40.4 41.6 40.3 41.5 44.7 50 39.6 40.4 40.8 42.0 40.8 41.9 45.1 100 39.8 40.7 41.0 42.2 41.0 42.1 45.3

30 Appendix 3

Appendix 4: Precipitation related observed climate variables and their future projections

Figure A4-1: Jiangxi rainy season (Apr-Jun) rainfall distribution (mm): baseline and 2050, 2100 best guess projections. Ji’an is in the mid-west of the province shown by the black lines. The red lines are the river network and the red triangles indicates the meteorological stations.

Appendix 3 31

Figure A4-2: Ji’an rainy season (Apr-Jun) rainfall distribution (mm): baseline and 2050, 2100 best guess projections

32 Appendix 3

Figure A4-3: Ji’an and Ganzhou site specific monthly normal rainfall and future projection. The bar indicates the uncertainty range of the climate change projection as defined in Table 2

Appendix 3 33

Figure A4-4: Ji’an annual maximum 10-day rainfall GEV distribution and 2050 projection. Black line is the baseline from historical data; blue and red lines represent the uncertainty range as defined in Table 2; green line is low projection; red line is high projection. The horizontal difference between green and red lines indicates the uncertain range of rainfall intensity for a given rainfall frequency; the vertical difference between green and red lines indicates the uncertain range of rainfall frequency for a given rainfall intensity

34 Appendix 3

Figure A4-5: Same as Figure A4-4 but for Ji’an 2100 projection

Figure A4-6: Same as Figure A4-4 but for Ganzhou 30-day 2050 projection

Appendix 3 35

Figure A4-7: Same as Figure A4-4 but for Ganzhou 30-day 2100 projection

36 Appendix 3

Appendix 5: The development of the rainfall-flood model for Ji’an

A statistical modelling method was adopted to find the relationship between rainfall and the flood. A 30 years of observed annual maximum river flow height data was collected from the Hydrology Institute for Ji’an station. Corresponding to these flow events, their previous 1,3,10 and 30 days total rainfall was selected from the daily time-series observations for Ji’an and Ganzhou (Table A5-1). A statistical analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between the annual maximum flow heights and all the rainfall events of different durations, and it was found that that the flow height has most significant relationship with 30-day rainfall of Ganzhou and 10-day rainfall of Ji’an. These two rainfall events were examined in detail with results presented in Appendix 4. A regression model was developed as below:

(1)

where: Y is the annual maximum flow height (masl); X1 is the previous 10-day total rainfall of

Ji’an, and X2 is the previous 30-day total rainfall in Ganzhou. The developed model has a reasonable performance in simulating the annual peak flow height with a correlation coefficiency (R 2) of 0.58 with standard error of 1.1 m (Figure 3).

Table A5-1: Observed annual maximum flow height at Ji’an hydrology station and its corresponding observed rainfall of different durations from Ji’an and Ganzhou . Flow height Rainfall (mm) Date (masl) Station 30 day 10 day 3 day 1 day Ji’an 195.6 61.7 41.2 37.0 30/31983 51.08 Ganzhou 373.0 133.3 117.8 80.3 Ji’an 380.5 295.0 196.6 152.5 2/9/1984 50.90 Ganzhou 322.8 202.9 151.4 118.4 Ji’an 262.8 214.3 153.4 75.6 6/6/1985 49.14 Ganzhou 162.4 58.6 27.4 14.7 Ji’an 164.1 24.7 24.7 21.8 1/41986 48.24 Ganzhou 193.4 128.6 78.9 76.5 Ji’an 127.8 87.2 20.7 10.4 25/3/1987 47.73 Ganzhou 254.8 77.1 102.1 68.0 Ji’an 190.0 129.3 83.3 57.0 14/5/1988 49.55 Ganzhou 177.7 116.9 58.9 31.3 Ji’an 244.3 151.5 56.3 23.3 24/5/1989 49.83 Ganzhou 263.6 152.8 107.5 65.4 Ji’an 75.1 50.0 39.4 16.7 13/9/1990 48.69 Ganzhou 192.7 138.7 79.5 33.2 Ji’an 297.4 201.5 97.9 25.8 1/4/1991 49.38 Ganzhou 230.1 144.9 108.6 44.4 29/3/1992 52.73 Ji’an 437.5 298.8 119.1 50.5

Appendix 3 37

Ganzhou 419.9 260.7 144.3 47.1 Ji’an 451.9 288.8 214.7 107.4 2/7/1993 49.15 Ganzhou 257.4 100.6 10.4 3.8 Ji’an 303.9 238.0 124.1 67.6 18/6/1994 53.32 Ganzhou 375.3 242.7 142.0 69.9 Ji’an 271.4 79.6 68.7 0.3 20/6/1995 51.11 Ganzhou 291.7 198.9 160.5 93.7 Ji’an 267.7 146.7 146.7 87.5 4/8/1996 51.49 Ganzhou 294.3 200.9 133.5 110.5 Ji’an 263.0 168.3 128.1 15.2 12/7/1997 51.69 Ganzhou 286.2 136.8 79.2 38.5 Ji’an 343.8 226.5 141.5 47.0 10/3/1998 52.63 Ganzhou 443.0 219.4 150.3 68.4 Ji’an 325.2 214.1 123.9 53.6 27/5/1999 50.84 Ganzhou 316.8 250.5 215.3 60.5 Ji’an 245.5 187.1 163.3 78.8 12/6/2000 48.38 Ganzhou 173.5 78.9 70.7 44.9 Ji’an 289.7 107.4 63.6 30.2 14/6/2001 50.23 Ganzhou 214.9 157.4 89.0 72.8 Ji’an 236.5 194.1 186.8 116.5 17/6/2002 52.32 Ganzhou 306.2 165.1 117.9 44.5 Ji’an 268.3 224.9 179.6 178.0 17/5/2003 51.39 Ganzhou 177.0 107.5 65.3 44.7 Ji’an 192.7 56.0 55.6 18.8 9/7/2004 48.50 Ganzhou 297.0 159.6 159.3 141.1 Ji’an 466.5 208.4 60.2 16.5 25/5/2005 50.75 Ganzhou 273.5 125.0 80.3 56.3 Ji’an 283.6 187.5 149.5 93.9 8/6/2006 50.72 Ganzhou 366.0 169.7 35.0 21.1 Ji’an 189.5 141.2 44.2 5.1 12/6/2007 49.81 Ganzhou 193.4 181.9 52.5 16.4 Ji’an 153.8 83.7 47.2 45.0 15/6/2008 49.46 Ganzhou 277.2 163.8 121.1 115.2 Ji’an 179.5 113.3 127.5 6.2 5/7/2009 49.64 Ganzhou 167.3 141.0 127.3 118.1 Ji’an 442.2 331.9 303.0 113.1 21/6/2010 53.14 Ganzhou 213.1 131.8 46.4 33.1 Ji’an 96.3 42.3 6.5 4.7 18/5/2011 47.01 Ganzhou 202.1 138.5 75.7 42.1 Ji’an 281.4 123.9 95.1 4.3 25/6/2012 51.26 Ganzhou 307.0 212.5 93.8 52.5

38 Appendix 3

Appendix 6: Ji’an Hydrologic Station observed maximum flow height and projections (masl)

The calculation process for the future flow height:  Firstly, the return period for the 10-day rainfall of Ji’an and 30-day rainfall of Ganzhou corresponding to each year peak flow height was calculated from their baseline GEV distribution;  Secondly the future values of these rainfall events were calculated based on their future GEV distributions (refer to previous section on the detail of GEV calculation);  Thirdly the future model calculated flood height was calculated from the future rainfall based on Equation 1, and a change ratio of model calculated future and baseline flood height was calculated for every year;

Finally, the future projected flood height was calculated by adding the change ratio to its corresponding observed value for each year.

Appendix 3 39

Table A6-1: Values included in the maximum flow height projection calculation: 2050 scenario Change (%) Observed Modelled Projected height Low Change (%) Projection Median Change (%) Projection High Change (%) Projection 51.08 50.19 50.35 0.32 51.24 50.38 0.39 51.28 50.60 0.82 51.50 50.90 52.10 52.37 0.53 51.17 52.45 0.67 51.24 52.83 1.41 51.62 49.14 49.79 49.86 0.14 49.21 49.89 0.19 49.23 49.98 0.38 49.33 48.24 48.15 48.30 0.31 48.39 48.36 0.44 48.45 48.59 0.91 48.68 47.73 49.35 49.52 0.33 47.89 49.56 0.42 47.93 49.77 0.84 48.13 49.55 49.07 49.44 0.75 49.92 49.52 0.92 50.00 49.81 1.50 50.29 49.83 50.09 50.32 0.45 50.05 50.35 0.51 50.09 50.65 1.11 50.38 48.69 48.40 48.56 0.32 48.85 48.62 0.45 48.91 48.84 0.92 49.14 49.38 50.29 50.52 0.45 49.60 50.59 0.59 49.67 50.89 1.19 49.97 52.73 53.03 53.33 0.56 53.02 53.42 0.73 53.12 53.84 1.53 53.54 49.15 51.43 51.73 0.58 49.43 51.81 0.74 49.51 52.18 1.47 49.87 53.32 52.00 52.25 0.47 53.57 52.31 0.59 53.64 52.65 1.24 53.98 51.11 49.62 49.78 0.32 51.28 49.81 0.39 51.31 50.02 0.80 51.52 51.49 50.32 50.55 0.45 51.72 50.60 0.55 51.78 50.87 1.09 52.05 51.69 50.47 50.70 0.45 51.92 50.75 0.56 51.98 51.03 1.11 52.26 52.63 52.51 52.77 0.49 52.89 52.85 0.64 52.97 53.21 1.34 53.34 50.84 51.22 51.45 0.45 51.07 51.51 0.57 51.13 51.81 1.15 51.43 48.38 49.62 49.68 0.13 48.44 49.71 0.17 48.46 49.79 0.33 48.54 50.23 49.19 49.52 0.66 50.56 49.59 0.81 50.63 49.86 1.36 50.91 52.32 50.92 51.14 0.44 52.55 51.20 0.55 52.61 51.49 1.12 52.90 51.39 50.04 50.41 0.75 51.78 50.50 0.93 51.87 50.83 1.59 52.21 48.50 49.43 49.59 0.33 48.66 49.62 0.40 48.69 49.83 0.81 48.89 50.75 50.76 51.00 0.47 50.99 51.06 0.59 51.05 51.36 1.17 51.35 50.72 51.40 51.62 0.43 50.94 51.68 0.54 50.99 51.98 1.11 51.29 49.81 49.34 49.53 0.40 50.01 49.61 0.56 50.09 49.90 1.14 50.38 49.46 49.53 49.69 0.33 49.62 49.72 0.40 49.66 49.93 0.81 49.86 49.64 48.81 48.87 0.11 49.70 48.89 0.15 49.71 48.94 0.27 49.78 53.14 51.46 51.78 0.63 53.47 51.90 0.85 53.59 52.34 1.71 54.05

40 Appendix 3

47.01 48.41 48.60 0.39 47.19 48.66 0.51 47.25 48.88 0.96 47.46 51.26 50.21 50.40 0.38 51.45 50.45 0.48 51.51 50.72 1.01 51.78

2100 scenario Change (%) Observed Modelled Projected height Low Change (%) Projection Median Change (%) Projection High Change (%) Projection 51.08 50.19 50.40 0.42 51.29 50.56 0.75 51.46 51.10 1.82 52.01 50.90 52.10 52.46 0.70 51.26 52.77 1.30 51.56 53.73 3.14 52.50 49.14 49.79 49.89 0.19 49.23 49.97 0.36 49.32 50.22 0.86 49.56 48.24 48.15 48.37 0.45 48.45 48.56 0.84 48.65 49.10 1.98 49.20 47.73 49.35 49.57 0.44 47.94 49.73 0.76 48.09 50.24 1.79 48.58 49.55 49.07 49.52 0.92 50.01 49.77 1.42 50.25 50.48 2.87 50.97 49.83 50.09 50.39 0.59 50.12 50.60 1.02 50.34 51.28 2.37 51.01 48.69 48.40 48.62 0.46 48.91 48.81 0.85 49.10 49.36 1.98 49.66 49.38 50.29 50.60 0.61 49.68 48.33 1.02 49.88 51.59 2.59 50.66 52.73 53.03 53.43 0.75 53.13 53.79 1.43 53.48 54.86 3.45 54.55 49.15 51.43 51.82 0.76 49.52 49.36 1.32 49.80 53.07 3.19 50.72 53.32 52.00 52.33 0.62 53.65 52.60 1.14 53.93 53.43 2.75 54.79 51.11 49.62 49.83 0.42 51.33 46.92 0.73 51.48 50.48 1.73 52.00 51.49 50.32 50.62 0.58 51.79 50.83 1.00 52.01 51.50 2.33 52.69 51.69 50.47 50.77 0.59 51.99 50.98 1.02 52.22 51.67 2.38 52.92 52.63 52.51 52.86 0.66 52.98 53.17 1.25 53.29 54.10 3.02 54.22 50.84 51.22 51.52 0.59 51.14 51.76 1.06 51.38 52.51 2.52 52.12 48.38 49.62 49.71 0.17 48.46 49.78 0.32 48.53 49.99 0.74 48.74 50.23 49.19 49.59 0.82 50.64 49.82 1.28 50.87 50.50 2.67 51.57 52.32 50.92 51.21 0.58 52.62 51.44 1.03 52.86 52.16 2.43 53.59 51.39 50.04 50.50 0.93 51.87 50.79 1.50 52.16 51.61 3.14 53.00 48.50 49.43 49.64 0.43 48.71 49.79 0.73 48.86 50.29 1.74 49.34 50.75 50.76 51.07 0.61 51.06 51.31 1.08 51.30 52.05 2.54 52.04 50.72 51.40 51.69 0.57 51.01 51.93 1.02 51.24 52.67 2.46 51.97 49.81 49.34 49.62 0.56 50.09 49.86 1.07 50.34 50.58 2.51 51.06 49.46 49.53 49.74 0.43 49.67 49.89 0.74 49.83 50.39 1.75 50.32

Appendix 3 41

49.64 48.81 48.88 0.15 49.71 48.94 0.26 49.77 49.09 0.58 49.93 53.14 51.46 51.90 0.86 53.59 52.29 1.61 53.99 53.41 3.80 55.16 47.01 48.41 48.66 0.52 47.25 48.84 0.90 47.43 49.38 2.00 47.95 51.26 50.21 50.47 0.51 51.52 50.67 0.92 51.73 51.33 2.23 52.40

Appendix 4

Initial Environmental Examination (I EE)

Project Number: 45022-002 September 2019

People’s Republic of China: Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project – Ji’an Reliable Transit and Non-Motorized Transport Improvement Component

Prepared by the Ji’an Municipal Government for the Asian Development Bank

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 September 2019)

Currency unit – yuan(CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1404 $1.00 = CNY7. 1228

ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AQG – air quality guideline B – boron BOD 5 – five-day biochemical oxygen demand BRT Bus Rapid Transit C&D – construction and demolition CN – cyanide CNY – Chinese yuan CO – carbon monoxide CO 2 – carbon dioxide COD – chemical oxygen demand CPS – country partnership str ategy DO – dissolved oxygen EA – executing agency EHS – environmental he al th and safety EIA – environmental impact assessment EIR – environmental impact report EMP – environmental management plan EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau ESE – environ mental supervision engi neer FSR – feasibility study report FYP – Fi ve -Year Plan GDP – gross domestic product GEF – Global Environment Facility GHG – greenhouse gas GRM – grievance redress mechanism HC – hydrocarbon IMn – permanganate index IA – implementin g age ncy IUCN – International Union for Conservatio n of Nature JDEP – Jiangxi Department of Environmental Protection JMG – Ji’an Municipal Government JMUCIDC – Ji’an Municipal Urban Construction Investment and Development C o., Ltd JPLG – Ji’an Pr oject Leading Group JPMO – Ji’an Project Management Office JPTC – Ji’an Public Transport Co. Ltd. JRT – Ji’an Reliable Transit JUCB – Ji’an Urban Construction Bureau LDI – local design institute

LIEC – loan implementat ion env ironmental consult ant MEP – Ministry of Environmental Protection MO T – Ministry of Transport MV – motor vehicle N – nitrogen NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission NH 3-N – ammonia nitrogen NMT – non -motorized transport NO 2 – nitrogen dioxide NO x – ni trogen oxides O&M – operation and maintenance PM 2.5 – particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 µm PM 10 – particulate matter with diameter ≤ 10 µm PME – powered mechanical equipment PRC – People’s Republic of China SO 2 – sul fur dioxide SPS – safeguard policy statement SS – suspended solid STI – sustainable transport initiative SWCR – soil and water conservation report TN – total nitrogen TP – total phosphorus TSP – total suspended particulate VOC – volatile organic compound WBG – World Bank Group WCB – Water Conservancy Bureau WHO – World Health Organization WWTP – wastewater treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES oC – degree Centigrade Cm – centimeter dB – decibel H – hour Ha – hecta re Km – kilometer km 2 – sq uare kilometer M – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter m3/s – cubic meter per second mg/kg – milligram per kilogram mg/L – milligram per liter mg/m 3 – milligram per cubic meter mm – milliliter T – metric ton

t/a – metric ton p er an num µg/m 3 – microgram per cubic meter µm – micrometer

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of the ADB website.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. General situation

1. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is for the proposed Loan Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project (The Project) - JI’AN RELIABLE TRANSIT (JRT) and NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORT (NMT) IMPROVEMENT COMPONET. This report was prepared based on the original EIA on the project and the Ji’an JRT and NMT Improvement Concept Design document.

2. The Project was approved by ADB on April 22, 2015 and became effective on September 8, 2015. The Project outputs are (i) a 6.94 km bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor along Jinggangshan Road with 15 stations, plus improvement of the station square at the existing Ji’an Railway Station; (ii) rehabilitation of 8.02 km of Yudai River (5.3 km) and tributary (2.72 km); (iii) construction of five urban roads totaling 19.33 km in the Western City Development Area and traffic management improvement through the provision of coordinated signal system, central control system and traffic information collection system; and (iv) capacity development and institutional strengthening.

3. The originally planned whole BRT corridor is replaced by the JRT Component which is 14.7 km long with 24 stations to be implemented in two phases. The project output of 6.94 km with 15 stations represents Phase 1 to be funded by ADB. The remaining section (7.76 km) will be implemented in Phase 2 with funding from the municipal government.

4. The Project is in Ji’an City located in the mid-western region of Jiangxi Province, along the mid-stream section of the Gan River, which is the major river flowing through Jiangxi into Poyang Lake. Its coordinates are 25 o58’32”N to 27 o57’50”N and 113 o46’E to 115 o56’E. The city extends 218 kilometers (km) from north to south and 208 km from east to west. Total administrative area is 25,300 square kilometers (km2), accounting for approximately 15% of total area in the province. Total population is approximately 5 million.

5. The urban center is in Jizhou District, which is located approximately 210 km south of Nanchang, the provincial capital. Jizhou District has a land area of 425 km 2 and a population of 343,200. The Project sites are mostly located in Jizhou District. The Project aims to improve Ji’an’s urban transport network in a sustainable manner by improving public transport services and public safety, providing new urban roads linking the planned highspeed rail station and new development area with the existing urban center and improving multimodal connections between the existing rail station and bus services. Ji’an’s urban development is constrained by its over-crowded urban center, mountainous topography and bisection by the Gan River with no room to improve the road network. The urban area needs to expand with new urban road networks, improved and safer public transport services, improved non-motorised transport and integration and more efficient multimodal interchange to alleviate existing issues in the urban center and to accommodate future growth in travel demand in a sustainable way.

6. In recent years, very rapid road construction has been carried out in new development areas, along with road renovation and expansion in the city centre. Renovated or expanded roads include Ji’an North Avenue, Jinggangshan Avenue, Jizhou Avenue, Yanjiang Road, Qingyuan Avenue, Binjiang Road, and others. Newly built roads are also being rapidly expanded around Ji’an, including for rapid growth in industrial areas. The largest current ongoing expansion area is probably the Gaotie Xinqu or High-Speed Railway Station New

District.

7. The Project has gone through various activities since the initial detailed BRT planning was carried out in 2013 and 2014. Up to early 2018, the Project focused on sustainable urban transport and related urban development centre around the BRT project, including greenways, NMT improvements, traffic management improvements, and input to the planning of the old railway station plaza area. Due to the public concerns on BRT component, the EA (Ji’an Municipal Government ) and IA (Ji’an Urban Investment and Development Company, LTD) proposed a curbside bus and non-motorized NMT improvement component to replace the BRT component, comprising: (i) curbside bus improvement including dedicated bus lanes at curbside along Jingganshan Avenue (formerly proposed BRT corridor) for 19.5 km; (ii) high-quality bus service improvement along selected routes with branding tentatively called, “Ji’an Reliable Transit (JRT)” for 70 km network comprising Routes 1, 9, 12, 13, 61, and 62; and a new service connecting the highspeed rail station; (iii) demonstration of e-bike parking facility at the city center (Renmin Square along Jingganshan Avenue); (iv) covered e-bike lanes at intersections; (v) street safety improvements along the JRT routes; (vi) NMT network improvement; and (vii) Junshan Avenue safety improvement.,

B. Change for Public Transport Improvement Component

8. Concerns on BRT implementation. The EA/IA has made continuous efforts to obtain public understanding on the benefits of BRT with support from ADB and consultants. ADB conducted an economic analysis and showed that the economic internal rate of return is only 8.8% for the curbside option against 21.1% for the median BRT option. However, they kept receiving negative opinions through various channels such as newspaper articles (e.g., Jiangxi Daily on 8 January 2016; Ji’an Morning Post on 6 November 2014); web articles (e.g., 19 Jul 2017 posting); and public opinion posts (e.g., letters on 6 August 2017, 19 July 2017). These opinions are mostly based on the concerns on worsening traffic and landscapes, and some unfavored outcome of Nanchang BRT in the capital of Jiangxi Province. The EA/IA’s managers discussed in Leadership Coordination Meeting to address the public concerns, decided to give up BRT component, and proposed the JRT and NMT improvement component to replace the BRT one. ADB Mission informed that due diligence including economic analysis and environmental/social safeguard due diligence on the new proposed component will be needed before ADB’s approval on the proposed scope change.

9. Curbside bus and non-motorized transport improvement. Instead of BRT, the EA/IA proposed curbside bus and NMT improvement component, comprising: (i) curbside bus improvement, including dedicated bus lanes at curbside along Jingganshan Avenue (formerly proposed BRT corridor) for 19.5 km; (ii) high-quality bus service improvement along selected routes with branding tentatively called, “Ji’an Reliable Transit (JRT)” for 70 km network comprising Routes 1, 9, 12, 13, 61, and 62; and a new service connecting the highspeed rail station; (iii) demonstration e-bike parking facility at the city center (Renmin Square along Jingganshan Avenue); (iv) covered e-bike lanes at intersections; (v) street safety improvements along the JRT routes; (vi) NMT network improvement; and (vii) Junshan Avenue safety improvement.

10. The proposed bus and NMT improvement component can be implemented within the current right-of-way except for the four depots. The depots are needed to support JRT’s higher frequency service, increased charging needs for newly procured electric buses, and properly maintain the bus fleets. The four depots are: (i) a south depot in Ji’an County with 10 mu land

area, which has been owned by the county government since 2014 and is used as parking; (ii) a north depot in Jizhou District with 60 mu land area, which was acquired by the county government in 2018 (formerly farm lands) and has been cleared; (iii) a west depot besides the new highspeed rail station with 45 mu land area, which the government is developing and requested to finance maintenance equipment only from the ADB loan; and (iv) an east depot in Ji’an City to the south of old city center with 24 mu land area, which was acquired by the Ji’an City government in 2003 and being developed as part of the new area development.

11. The JRT branding will promote users’ trust by providing reliable service with basically 5- minute headway for 18 hours/day on weekdays and 24 hours/day on weekends. The proposed JRT network will cover 7 routes and 70 km. The project’s BRT consulting firm (Far East Mobility) will support identifying the concept, image, color, and other aspects of infrastructure and bus fleet design.

C. Component Design and Component Benefits

12. The expected impact of the component will be an efficient, inclusive and sustainable urban transport system in Jiangxi Ji’an. The outcome of the component will be efficient multi- model access to major activity centers in Ji’an City including the new Western Development Area.

13. The component will benefit a population of 550,000 residing in Jizhou and Qingyuan Districts. The component will improve public transport services by introducing a JRT system along the main corridor of the city and improve NMT, pedestrian facilities and traffic management measures along the JRT corridor to provide safe and convenient accessibility to public transport. Benefits will include improving safety and on-time performance of urban transportation.

D. Legal and Administrative Framework

14. The original EIA of the Project, including the original BRT component, has been approved by Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau and cleared by ADB. The civil works of the revised JRT corridor is similar to that of the original BRT component, and its alignment is also plotted within the original project area. The environment impacts of JRT Corridor and NMT improvement component are expected similar to the original BRT component. The original Project EIA on the original BRT component can be applied to this revised JRT Corridor and NMT improvement component after the PMO consulted the local EPB. Therefore, an environmental impact registered form (EIRF, no need to be approved) was prepared and disclosed by the PMO via local EPB’s website (see snapshot in the next page) according to PRC’s environmental norms. As the revised component of the original project, it will comply the original Project related Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards, ADB environmental safeguard requirements, and relevant international agreements.

15. The Project Environment Management Plan has been updated, including public consultation and participation, grievance redress mechanism, and environmental monitoring plan.

Environmental impact registered form (EIRF) disclosed by the PMO via local EPB’s website for the New Component- Ji’an Reliable Transit and Non-Motorized Transport Improvement (http://111.75.227.207:20001/REG/f/announcement/view?id=ee824d9f45c24eac8aa21d127ce c1816 )

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT COMPONENT

A. Revised Scope

16. According to the Memorandum of Understanding signed by the ADB and the Municipality of Ji’an in July 2018, the revised component contains:

i. Curbside bus improvement, including dedicated bus lanes at curbside along Jinggangshan Avenue in locations where this provides a benefit; ii. High-frequency bus service improvement along selected routes with special branding including bus stops and vehicles for a 70 km network comprising Routes 1,9, 12, 13, 61, and 62; and a new service connecting the high-speed rail station with the old railway station, and including depot facility improvements; iii. Covered e-bike waiting areas at intersections to replace the proposed E-bike parking due to possible land acquisition issues; iv. Streetscape and intersection improvements along areas of high JRT route coverage, especially in Jinggangshan Avenue and the central area; v. A pedestrian bridge in front of Renmin Guangchang, connecting to nearby malls (carefully designed with seismic risk considerations according to the related designing standard of PRC); and vi. Junshan Avenue safety and design improvements.

17. The revised component, excluding the detailed NMT improvements such as raised pedestrian crossings, refuge islands, e-bike intersection approach etc., is shown in following Figure 1.

Figure 1 Revised Scope

B. JRT Depots (location aerial photos / maps provided as followings)

18. Four bus depots are planned for inclusion in the component, namely the Ji’an West High-Speed Railway station, Qingyuan depot, Sanshangang depot and Chengbei depot. These four depots are well-located to serve JRT route demand, especially for charging requirements. The new bus depot locations are shown in Figure 2, which also shows the JRT route coverage (with black lines).

19. The four stations are distributed in the east, west, north and south of the urban development, and can cover the high-quality bus lines. Among them, Chengbei Bus Station is located at the intersection of Ji'an North Avenue and Junhua Avenue. It covers an area of 30042 square meters. It integrates bus stops and long-distance passenger stations, replaces the temporary North Bus Station, satisfies the demand of bus stop in the north of the city, and realizes the connection between long-distance passenger stations and bus lines. Qingyuan Bus Station is located near the intersection of Hubin West Road and Fushui Road. It covers an area of 16307 square meters and serves mainly for the bus stop in Qingyuan District. Sanshangang Bus Station is located in Sanshangang Logistics Park of Ji'an County. It covers an area of 6680 square meters and provides the stop-guarantee service for bus line vehicles in Ji'an County. West Railway Station Bus Yard Station is located at Ji'an West Railway Station under construction, which is a transfer hub connecting bus and high-speed railway.

20. The four depots, which include charging facilities, are distributed in the east, west, north and south of the urban area and JRT routes, which can well cover the JRT routes.

Figure 2 Location of bus depots in Ji’an. New depots serving JRT routes are marked “N”.

C. JRT Bus Routes Operations

21. JRT Bus Stops. Bus stops are a key component of any bus system and are especially important in Stop types and dimensions. JRT bus stop dimensions include three categories: large, medium and small, based on bus frequency and boarding passenger demand. A guideline was developed based on local conditions to arrive at the proposed stop dimensions. There are seven large stops (18m long covered area), all in the central part of Jinggangshan Avenue, and 31 medium sized stops (12m long covered area). The remaining are small stops, with a 6m long covered area.

Table 1 Guideline for determining JRT bus stop size Boarding demand and bus frequency conditions Type Size* Peak hr boarding > 60 passenger/hr, frequency > Large 18m 2 48 buses/hr Peak hr boarding ≥ 20 passengers/hr, freq. > 24 Medium 12m 2 and < 48 buses/hr Peak hr boarding < 20 passenger/hr, frequency < Small 6m 2 24 buses/hr

22. It is advantageous to have JRT stops within 25-50m of non-JRT stops for passengers who need to transfer between JRT and non-JRT routes, and for passengers who may have a

JRT and non-JRT bus route option for a particular trip. Table 2 summarizes the different stop types, and Table 3 lists all JRT stops.

Table 2 Summary of stop types for the JRT system Stop types Newly built Rebuilt Upgrade of Total existing stops Depot 4 0 0 4 Small stop 82 18 35 135 Medium s top 28 2 3 33 Large sto p 7 0 0 7 Total 121 20 38 179

23. JRT stop locations. The proposed JRT stop locations were guided by several factors, including the following aspects.

24. There will often be long delays at intersections where there are four phase intersections and where buses and other vehicles are stationary. These delays can be used for boarding and alighting to take place on buses. JRT stops should therefore be located on the approach side of these intersections (at least 45m before so that mixed traffic can merge and queue), and not as currently is common on the far side of the intersection.

25. The high frequency services will also have speed improvements due to curbside bus lane usage, and through slightly longer bus stop spacing than the current case in some areas. Bus stop spacing of around 500m is common for JRT stops, even where current stops are located at intervals of only around 300m in the central area.

26. Some bus stops were just recently built in 2018 along Yanjiang Road served for JRT route 9 as shown in the following Figures. These new stops have a longer spacing than the previous stops, many of which were marked only by a signage stop, and they are well-spaced for JRT operation. In this case, since only JRT route 9 is using the stops, it is not necessary to build a new stop. The existing stop will become a JRT stop through the addition of some minimal additional signage elements. Where possible, existing stop locations are used for JRT stops, but JRT and non-JRT stops must be located at least 25-50m apart, so that queuing from one stop does not interfere with each other. Table 3 shows the newly built, existing and planned JRT stops in Ji’an.

Figure 3 Part of JRT stops to be built or upgraded

Figure 4 Part of JRT stops to be built or upgraded

Figure 5 JRT stops compared to current stops in the Central area

Table 3 List of all JRT stops Stop name (routes) Rd (Direction) Size Build Status Junfengqu Military zoning office (1, 9, Jinggangshan Ave(sn) large newly built 12, 61) Renmin Guangchang （1, 12, 61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) large newly built Renmin Guangchang （1, 12, 61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (sn) large newly built Shaoshanluko （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) large newly built Yangmingluko Jinggangshan Ave (ns) large newly built Zhongshanko （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) large newly built Zhongxinyiyuan （1, 9 , 12, 61A ） Jinggangshan Ave (sn) large newly built Jianzhiyejishuxueyuan （13 ） Ji'an South Ave (we) medium existing Wuyuguanshichang （12 ） Jifu Rd((we) medium existing Duohouxianlizhongxue （61 ） Baiyun Rd (ns) medium newly built Duohouxianlizhongxue （61 ） Baiyun Rd (sn) medium newly built Yanjing Brewery Baiyun Rd (ns) medium newly built Qingyuan Development Zone Daqiao East Rd (ew) medium newly built Roundabout （12 ） Jianbinguanbei （12 ） Daqiao West Rd (ew) medium newly built Jianbinguanbei （12 ） Daqiao West Rd (we) medium newly built Shinongyeyinhang （12 ） Daqiao West Rd (ew) medium newly built Zhaogongtang （12 ） Jifu Rd (we) medium newly built Chengbeishichang （12 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) medium newly built Chengbeishichang （12 ） Jinggangshan Ave (sn) medium newly built Ganzhouyinhang （12 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) medium newly built Jizhouqugonganju （61, 61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (sn) medium newly built Yangguangyiyuan （61, 62 ） Junshan Ave (ew) medium newly built Yangguangyiyuan （61, 62 ） Junshan Ave (we) medium newly built Jingdayangguangtianjie （12 ） Kejiao Rd (ew) medium newly built Jinggangshandaxue （12 ） Kejiao Rd (ew) medium newly built

Xianchezhan （61, 62 ） Luling Ave (we) medium newly built Xianfubao （61, 62 ） Luling Ave (we) medium newly built Xianzhengfu （61, 62 ） Luling Ave (we) medium newly built Chengbeichezhan （61 ） Ruihua Rd (ns) medium newly built Huochezhan （62 ） Wentianxiang Ave (ew) medium newly built Huochezhanluko （62 ） Wentianxiang Ave (ew) medium newly built Buxingjieko Yangming East Rd (ew) medium newly built Buxingjieko Yangming East Rd (we) medium newly built Yangmingshangcheng Yangming East Rd (ew) medium newly built Yangmingshangcheng Yangming East Rd(we) medium newly built Gaotiezhan （new） Yangming West Rd (we) medium newly built Dongmen YanjiangRd (ns) medium newly built Jinggangshankaifaqu Jinggangshan Ave (sn) medium rebuild Xiangongdiangongsi （61, 62 ） Luling Ave (we) medium newly built Tiyiguanbei （61, 62 ） Chongwen Rd (ew) small existing Yishuzhongxinbei （61, 62 ） Chongwen Rd (we) small existing Aotizhongxin （61, 62 ） Ji'an South Ave (ew) small existing Aotizhongxin （61, 62 ） Ji'an South Ave (we) small existing Dongfangyiyuan （61, 62 ） Ji'an South Ave （ew ） small existing Dongfangyiyuan （61, 62 ） Ji'an South Ave (we) small existing Yishuzhongxinxi （61, 62 ） Jizhou Ave (ns) small existing Jishifuxian （9） Luzhou East Rd (ew) small existing Jishifuxiao （9） Luzhou East Rd (we) small existing Youdiandalou （9） Luzhou East Rd (ew) small existing Youdiandalou （9） Luzhou East Rd (we) small existing Luzhouxilushiyangluko (1, 9) Luzhou East Rd (we) small existing Shinongyeju (1, 9) Luzhou East Rd (ew) small existing Qingyuanqudianxinjuhouchezhanluko （ Wentianxiang Ave (we) small existing 13 ） Bailuzhougongyuan （9） Yanjiang Rd (sn) small existing Jianbinguan （9） Yanjiang Rd (ns) small existing Jianbinguan （9） Yanjiang Rd (sn) small existing Jinniusi （9） Yanjiang Rd (ns) small existing Yanjianglushaoshandongluko （9） Yanjiang Rd (ns) small existing Yanjianglushaoshandongluko （9） Yanjiang Rd (sn) small existing Yanjiangluzhongshandongluko （9） Yanjiang Rd (ns) small existing Yanjiangluzhongshandongluko （9） Yanjiang Rd (sn) small existing Jiansanzhong (1, 9 ） Yuejin Rd (ns) small existing Jiansanjiang （1, 9 ） Yuejin Rd (sn) small existing Jianzhongzuan （1, 9 ） Yuejin Rd (ns) small existing Jixiangluko （1, 9 ） Yuejin Rd (ns) small existing Jixiangluko （1, 9 ） Yuejin Rd (sn) small existing Shenggangshanxiaoxue （1, 9 ） Yuejin Rd (sn) small existing Taipingqiaoshequ （9） Yuejin Rd (ns) small existing Taipingqiaoshequ （9） Yuejin Rd (sn) small existing Xiancaichang （1） Yuejin Rd (ns) small existing Xiancaichang （1） Yuejin Rd (sn) small existing Yujiahe(1) YuejinRd (sn) small existing Yuejinlufuxingluko(1) Yuejin Rd (ns) small existing Baiyunlujunshandadaoluko （61, 62 ） Yuejin Rd (ns) small Newly built Yanjingpijiu （61, 62 ） Yuejin Rd (ns) small Newly built Chongwenlujinggangshandadaoluko Chongwen Rd （we ） small Newly built (61,62) Zhengbingjiaoxincun（1） Cuiling Rd (ns) small Newly built

Zhengbingjiaoxincun （1） Cuiling Rd (sn) small Newly built Qingyuankaifaquyuanpan (12) Daqiao East Rd (we) small Newly built Shinongyeyinhang (12) Daqiao East Rd (we) small Newly built Gunanyixiao (9) Daxiangkou Rd (we) small Newly built Wanshanghui Daxiangkou Rd (ew) small Newly build Wanshanghui Daxiangkou Rd (we) small Newly build Zhangjiafang Daxiangkou Rd (ew) small Newly built Chengnanchezhan （13, 62 ） Gunan Ave (ns) small Newly built Chengnanchezhan （13, 62 ） Gunan Ave (sn) small Newly built Sanjiangjiajucheng （13, 62 ） Gunan Ave (ns) small Newly built Taipingqiaojiayouzhan （13 ） Gunan Ave (sn) small Newly built Zhongguoyinhang (1, 13) Gunan Ave (ns) small Newly built Zhongguoyinhang (1, 13) Gunan Ave (sn) small Newly built Ganjiangdaqiaoxi (13) Ji'an South Ave (ew) small Newly built Ganjiangdaqiaoxi (13) Ji'an South Ave (we) small Newly built Huameilijia (13) Ji'an South Ave (we) small Newly built Jianshedasha (13) Ji'an South Ave (ew) small Newly built Jianshedasha (13) Ji'an South Ave (we) small Newly built Jiansizhong (12) Jifu Rd (ew) small Newly built Weishexuexiao (12) JifuRd (ew) small Newly built Weishexuexiao (12) Jifu Rd (we) small Newly built Chengnanchenzhanluko （9, 61, 61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Newly built Hefupaichusuo （61, 62 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Newly built Hefupaichusuo （61, 62 ） Jinggangshan Ave (sn) small Newly built Jingangshangdadaojiannandadaoluko Jinggangshan Ave (sn) small Newly built (61) Jinggangshandadaoshangdeluko （61 Jinggangshan Ave (sn) small Newly built ） Jinggangshanjuanyanchang （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Newly built Jinggangshanjuanyanchang （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Newly built Manhadunguangchang （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Newly built Manhadunguangchang （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (sn) small Newly built Shenjixiwangxiaoxue （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Newly built Shenjixiwangxiaoxue （61 ）） Jinggangshan Ave (sn) small Newly built Tiyuguandong （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Newly built Yidujiajubolancheng （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Newly built Bailuzhouzhongxuenanxiaoqu （9）） Jizhou Ave (we) small Newly built Chengnangongzufangxiaoqu （9, 61 ） Jizhou Ave (sn) small Newly built Chengnanxiaoquluko （9, 61 ） Jizhou Ave (ns) small Newly build Junshangdadaofenghuangluko （61, 62 JunshanAve (ew) small Newly build ） Junshangdadaofuchuanluko （62, 62 ） Junshan Ave (ew) small Newly built Junshangdadaofuchuanluko （61, 62 ） Junshan Ave (ew) small Newly built Xianerzhong （61, 62 ） Junshan Ave (we) small Newly built Jingdayangguangtianjie （12 ） Kejiao Rd (we) small Newly built Jinggangshandaxue （12 ） Kejiao Rd (we) small Newly built Jizhoudadaoluko (1, 62) Luzhou West Rd (ew) small Newly built Jizhoudadaoluko (1, 62) Luzhou West Rd (we) small Newly built Luzhouxilushiyangluko (1, 62) Luzhou West Rd (ew) small Newly built Maoyiguangchangzhongxinjie （62 ） Qingyuan Ave (ns) small Newly built Maoyiguangchangzhongxinjie （62 ） Qingyuan Ave (sn) small Newly built Qingyuanqichezhan （62 ） Qingyuan Ave (sn) small Newly built Qingyuanqufayuan （62 ） Qingyuan Ave (ns) small Newly built Qinyuanqufayuan （62 ） Qingyuan Ave (ns) small Newly built Tianlihuayuan （62 ） Qingyuan Ave(ns) small Newly built

Zhenbeicun （62 ） Qingyuan Ave(sn) small Newly built Jizhouquxingzhengzhongxinbei （61, 62 Ruihua Rd (ew) small Newly built ） Jizhouquxingzhengzhongxinbei （61, 62 Ruihua Rd (we) small Newly built ） Mingdexiaoxue （61, 62 ） Ruihua Rd (ew) small Newly built Mingdexiaoxue （61, 62 ） Ruihua Rd (we) small Newly built Shixingzhengzhongxin （61, 62 ） Shangde Rd (ew) small Newly built Shixingzhengzhongxinbei Shangde Rd (we) small Newly built Shiminfuwuzhongxin （13, 61, 62 ） Shangde Rd (we) small Newly built Shiminfuwuzhongxin （13, 61, 62 ） Shangde Rd (ew) small Newly built Gongdiangongsi （new ） Wentianxiang Ave (ew) small Newly built Huachangdasha （new ） Wentianxiang Ave (we) small Newly built Jianxinyizhong （new ） Yangming West Rd (ew) small Newly built Jianxinyizhong （new ） Yangming West Rd (we) small Newly built Jiaojingzhidui （new ） Yangming West Rd (ew) small Newly built Jiaojingzhidui （new ） Yangming West Rd (we) small Newly built Shixumushouyiju （new ） YangmingWest Rd (ew) small Newly built Shixumushouyiju （new ） Yangming West Rd (we) small Newly built Yangmingxiluboandadaoluko （new ） Yangming West Rd (ew) small Newly built Yangmingxiluboandadaoluko （new ） Yangming West Rd (we) small Newly built Yangmingxilucuilingluko （new ） Yangming West Rd (we) small Newly built Yangmingxiludongtangbianluko （new ） Yangming West Rd (ew) small Newly built Yangmingxiludongtangbianluko （new ） Yangming West Rd (we) small Newly built Yangmingxilujizhoudadaoluko （new ） Yangming West Rd (ew) small Newly built Yangmingxilujunhuadadaoluko （new ） Yangming West Rd (ew) small Newly built Dagangko(9) Yanjiang Rd(sn) small Newly build Dieryiyuan Dahangke Rd (ew) Gunanyixiao Dahangke Rd (ew) Upgrade Dongmen (9) Yanjiang Rd (sn) small Newly built Yangmingxiluzhanqiandadaoluko （new Zhanqian Ave (ew) small Newly built ） Yangmingxiluzhanqiandadaoluko （new Zhanqian Ave (we) small Newly built ） Beimen (61) Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Upgrade Beimengqiao(61) Jinggangshan Ave (sn) small Upgrade Guhouhelvlang （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Upgrade Guhouhelvlang （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (sn) small Upgrade Hefuqiao （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Upgrade Hefuqiao （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (sn) small Upgrade Jiangzitou （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Upgrade Jinggangshandadaojiannandaodaoluko Jinggangshan Ave (ns) small Upgrade （61,62 ） Jinggangshankaifaqu （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave(ns) small Upgrade Lulingshengtaiyuan （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave(ns) small Upgrade Lulingshengtaiyuan （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave(s) small Upgrade Sanjiaotang （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave(sn) small Upgrade Sanjiaotang(61) Jinggangshan Ave(ns) small Upgrade Yidujiajubolancheng （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave(sn) small Upgrade Xianchezhan （61, 62 ） Luling Ave （ew ） small Upgrade Xianfubao （61, 62 ） Luling Ave （ew ） small Upgrade Xiangongdiangongsi （61, 62 ） Luling Ave （ew ） small Upgrade Xianzhengfu （61, 62 ） Luling Ave （ew ） small Upgrade

D. Pedestrian, Bicycle and Safety Improvements

27. Even through the BRT component of the Project was dropped, the Project has included pedestrian, bicycle, traffic management and road safety improvement components. As part of the JRT scope changes decided upon in mid-2018, it was agreed that the pedestrian facility, traffic management, public space, e-bike facility and road safety improvements would be concentrated along the Jinggangshan Avenue corridor and especially in the areas of highest transit, e-bike and pedestrian facility demand in the central area. These are also the areas most heavily covered by JRT services. This scope is shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 Pedestrian, Bicycle and Safety Improvements

28. In addition to the locations shown in Figure 6, the component includes a major transformation on Junshan Avenue in Ji’an County from a major traffic accident blackspot and one of the worst roads in Ji’an into an attractive ‘complete street’ with safe crossings, functional parking, walkways and e-bike lanes, and a potential ‘high street’ for Ji’an County.

29. This part of the component includes following activities:

i. Prioritization of Pedestrian & Bicycle Facility Improvements. Upgrading of pedestrian and bicycle facilities will be undertaken where benefits are highest, which are in areas with high injuries and fatalities, and high pedestrian flows, which are often in the same areas. Pedestrian flow counts were carried out in 2018 to help determine areas for priority improvements, and these counts, confirm the importance of the central area. (The importance of the central area for pedestrian facility improvements is also indicated

in the bus passenger demand data, where it is reasonable to assume that high bus boarding and demand will coincide with higher pedestrian flows, though the pedestrian flows offer a much better micro-level assessment of priority streets within the central area.) ii. Walkway Countinuity at Driveways and Minor Intersections. At points of driveways and minor roads intersect with Jinggangshan Avenue, the sidewalk either ramps down and up, or has steps. Due to the lack of physical barriers, the pedestrian walkway is often blocked at these crossings by parked cars and e-bikes. It is proposed to remove the interruptions of sidewalks at driveways and minor intersections by building a continuous sidewalk according to the top right option, as well as at minor road crossings. The central option is also acceptable and is easier and faster to implement. 67 openings along Jinggangshan Avenue in the city centre Jizhou Avenue roundabout to Jifu Rd intersection were identified, and all require improvements, including:  4 locations proposed to reduce the turning radius of the intersection and raise the cross street– Guangchang South Road intersection (both east and west sides of Jinggangshan Avenue), Kongjiawan intersection and Youyi intersection;  6 locations proposed to install bollards to prevent motor vehicle incursion; and  57 locations proposed to raise the cross-street intersection and install additional bollards to prevent motor vehicle incursion.

Figure 7 Bollards needed iii. Bollard to Prevent Encroachment by Motor Vehicles. One of the most simple, fast and effective measures to improve conditions for pedestrians in the central area is to install bollards to prevent incursions by motor vehicles.

Figure 8 Examples of bollards preventing motor vehicles from entering bike lanes iv. Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossings & Refuge Islands. There are no safe pedestrian crossings at mid-block locations along Jinggangshan Avenue and Junshan Avenue. Pedestrian crossings are generally provided at reasonable intervals, but are hazardous for crossing pedestrians. Mid-block pedestrian crossings consist of a zebra line that provides safety to the pedestrians.

There is an urgent need in the central part of Jinggangshan Avenue and in Junshan Avenue for safe and convenient mid-block crossing facilities at regular intervals, as the pedestrian and bike injury data show many injuries take place at the unsafe crossings. (In other areas such crossings are also important, but since there are so few pedestrians in many of the new areas outside the CBD, the need for such facilities is not as urgent as the in this area.) Disabled people will find it difficult to use public transport, and the lack of safe crossings is a deterrent to using buses. Therefore, it is also highly beneficial to the JRT system ridership is safe mid-block crossings will be installed, especially in the vicinity of the proposed new JRT stops. v. Intersection Improvements. This includes the reducing turning radius of intersections; weather protection for e-bikes at intersections; left turns for e-bike at intersections;

Figure 9 Examples of Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossings & Refuge Islands

vi. E-bike Parking Lots. A preliminary concept was developed for two double-tier bike and e-bike parking structures on the north and south sides of Tianhong Mall opposite Renmin Square in the city centre. (This followed earlier single layer e-bike park and ride concepts for locations in the CBD, which would encourage a shift from e-bike to BRT for longer trips, before the BRT plans were dropped.) vii. Improvement of Beimen River Greenway Entrance and Exit. With the development of surrounding commercial and residential areas, the Beimen Greenway is attracting more pedestrians and cyclists, especially in the evening. However, there is only one ramp to the south of the greenway through Jinggangshan Avenue, which cannot be used by cyclists, while there is no sidewalk at the northern intersection, and there is no access to the greenway from Jinggangshan Avenue. The location 250m north of the roundabout at the intersection of Jinggangshan Avenue and Jizhou Avenue is therefore a severance problem affecting the continuity and utility of the greenway. viii. Pedestrian Bridge at Renmin Square. The City has planned a pedestrian bridge across Jinggangshan Avenue at the northwest corner of the Renmin Square Plaza. The originally planned designs were very poor, with no shade or weather protection for pedestrians, inconvenient ramps for many trip patterns, and no integration with the malls. This original design would have greatly inconvenienced pedestrians.

30. A revised design of the bridge provides much improved pedestrian amenity and convenience. The northwest side of the bridge is proposed to directly connect to Tianhong Shopping Mall, and to provide stairs to the street.  The southeast side of the bridge connects to Renmin Square and the northeast side connects to Laisi Mall, as well as to the south and west sides of the mall;  The bridge is covered, providing weather protection from sun and rain;  Both stairs and escalators are provided except for the northwest and northeast ramps to the street.

31. With these improvements, the bridge functions as a useful elevated walkway network and not just a way of crossing the road. A rendering is shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10 Recommended pedestrian bridge configuration, with multiple ramps, weather protection, and convenient connections

32. Street, Intersection and Public Space Improvements . Streetscape improvements focused on pedestrian facilities, road safety and traffic management are proposed in the central area around Renmin Square, along Zhongshan East Road, around the Jinggangshan Avenue / Jifu Rd / Gunan Avenue intersection, and in Junshan Avenue in Ji’an County. This part includes:  Guangchang North, East and South Roads  Guoguang Plaza in Guangchang East Road  Western side of Renmin Square  Zhongshan East Road  Jinggangshan Avenue / Jifu Rd intersection area  Junshan Avenue improvement  Junshan Avenue improvement

33. These improvement measures will transform Junshan Avenue from an unattractive traffic blackspot into an attractive urban roadway. Furthermore, additional road network construction is underway in Ji’an County so that trucks and other vehicles will have other network options to Junshan Avenue. For this reason, the current fairly low traffic volumes are not expected to greatly increase in future and can be adequately accommodated with the proposed 4 lane configuration.

34. This design is still being revised to ensure on-street parking compatibility with bus stops, traffic flow, and the green median.

35. Slow traffic environment. along Jinggangshan Avenue and Junshan Avenue, detailed design is being carried out for unreasonable channelized intersections. With the improvement of Junshan Avenue, small radius intersections will be built to improve the quality of slow traffic; entrances and exits along Jinggangshan Avenue will be improved to reduce the radius of entrances and exits, safety pillars and lift pavement according to road conditions will be increase, which will ensure the safety of slow traffic. Non-motorized vehicles at intersections will be set up. Greenbelt improves the experience of slow travel. Beimenhe greenway entrance and exit improvement and the addition of bicycle lanes will create a safe and comfortable greenway travel environment. A total of 10 points of public spaces will be improved for urban residents to provide friendly slow-travel and pleasant leisure places.

III Description of the Environment

A. Existing Setting of the Component Sites

36. Location analysis. Ji'an high-quality bus line covers about 70 kilometers, covering Ji'an urban area, Ji'an County, Qingyuan District, Jizhou District, connecting the high-speed Railway West station, old railway station, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an Vocational and Technical College and other high passenger flow density areas. In order to improve the bus services in Ji'an and meet the demand of high-quality bus line operation and dispatch, four bus operation stations including West, Qingyuan, Sanshanggang and North of the city will be built according to the MOU signed by ADB and Ji'an Municipal Government.

Bus Depots and Terminals

37. Chengbei Bus Depot. Chengbei Bus depot is located at the intersection of Ji’an North Avenue and Junhuan Avenue, south of Fuyuan Road, east of Xiyiting Road and west of Xingxian Road, covering an area of 3,042 m 2. The proposed site is currently higher than the surrounding areas, and the soil quality is good. The site and surrounding plots located in the urban construction land approved by the planning authority - Conversion of Agricultural Land (Cultivated land) to Urban Construction Land.(PMO clarified that neither the land used for Dus Depots nor for the Terminal is not included by the Conversion of Agricultural Land, while it was planned for urban construction land already) It is surrounded by open construction land. The distance to the nearby buildings is about 100 m and there are no schools and hospitals (on this land there are no residential properties).

Figure 11 Aerial Map of the Present Situation of Chengbei Station

38. Qingyuan Bus depot. The Qingyuan bus depot is located near the intersection of Hubin West Road and Fushui Road, south of Ciping Road, north of Ganjiang Avenue and west of Hubin West Road. It covers an area of 16307.30 m 2, with a building area of 780 m 2, a volume rate of 0.05, a greening area of 2636.50 m 2 and a green space rate of 16.17%. The site and surrounding plots are located in the urban construction land approved by the planning authority - Conversion of Agricultural Land to Urban Construction Land(confirmed by PMO). Current land use of the fishpond area (already changed to urban construction land which is owned by the local government) is more than two-thirds of the total field area, and the rest is green belt or cultivated land. The current site elevation is slightly higher than the adjacent road elevation. It is surrounded by open construction land. The distance to the nearby buildings is about 150 m and there is no schools and hospitals. According to the site function and traffic demand, the design elevation of the site is 52.5m. The site will be cleared first, and the clearing thickness is 30 cm. For the fishpond where the artificial breeding fish had been harvested already, the water in the fishpond is drawn out firstly into the nearby landscaping water system or draining system, and the depth of dredging is 1 m. Because most of the station places are fishponds before, in order to ensure the stability of the roadbed and reduce the settlement of the roadbed, the whole pond site is replaced with a depth of 3 m.

39. The construction activities of Qingyuan Bus depot (Already changed to urban construction land which is owned by the local government) will conduct (1) 30 cm of the top soil will be remove; (2) fish pond will be drained first and dredging(excavating) will be conducted with the depth of 1 m; (3) some of the proposed site will be levelled up by 3 meters. The detailed design will consider appropriate drainage and discharge options to mitigate pollution impacts from surface run-off. It will also incorporate appropriate waste management facilities for the water bodies. Mitigation measures for all works with impacts on water courses have been identified and described in this report and in the environmental management plan (EMP). Remove the sediment in the fishpond will be done in the dry season, with bunds placed around the site and water pumped out. Sediment removal will be by mechanical excavator similar to earth moving works on land. Impact to water quality should be considerably reduced. Regular maintenance of drainage and removal of waste and debris will be important during operation.

Figure 12 Aerial Photography of the Present Situation of Proposed Qingyuan Station

40. Sanshangang Bus depot. The Sanshangang bus depot is located in Ji'an Logistics Park. It has been completed and existed (financed by other domestic project before) and located at the Ji’an county downtown area. It covers an area of 6679.20 m 2, with a building area of 108 m 2 and a volume ratio of 0.02. Fifty-one bus parking, five car parking, 28 non-motor vehicle parking and washing machines will be set up. No sensitive environmental protection objectives at the surrounding(i.e., at a distance of 50m nearby).

Figure 13 Aerial Photography of Sanshangang Bus depot

41. Bus depot and terminal in the High-Speed Railway (HSR) Station. The Ji’an West High-Speed Railway bus depot and terminal is located at the HSR station, currently under construction (being financed by other project). It will have both depot and passenger terminal functions. Because the construction of a public transport terminal is being done as part of the construction of the High-Speed Railway Station, the component only needs to finance the operation equipment, including bus charging piles, which are needed to support the operation of JRT services to the HSR station. No sensitive environmental protection objectives at the surrounding (of 100m nearby).

JRT corridor

42. The JRT main corridor will be on the existing Jinggangshan Avenue, a major road in the urban center of Ji’an. This component will not involve permanent or temporary land take. The area of influence for the JRT is an urban setting. The Component sites for the JRT corridor and the Ji’an Railway Station Square do not have any biological resources of significance or any old camphor trees.

Current Jinggangshan Avenue Road Conditions

43. The total width of Jinggangshan Avenue is about 40-60m, including 2*12m fast lane, 6 lanes in both directions and asphalt concrete pavement. The existing road was rebuilt on the basis of the original Jinggangshan Avenue in 2007. The road conditions for different sections are provided is Figures 14, 15, 16 and 17.

Figure 14 Section at Ji'an North Avenue-Chengbei Turntable of Jinggangshan Avenue *Jinggangshan Avenue (Ji'an North Avenue-Chengbei Turntable), about 1.18 km in length, 55m in width, four roads, two-way six cars Road, asphalt concrete pavement.

Figure 15 Section at Ji'an North Avenue-Chengbei Turntable of Jinggangshan Avenue

Figure 16 Turntable Status Vehicle Lane

Figure 17 Turntable Status Vehicle Lane

44. Road greening belt status of the section at Ji'an North Avenue-Chengbei Turntable of Jinggangshan Avenue. From Ji'an North Avenue to Chengbei Turntable Road, the greening belt width on both sides of the road is 3 m, and the central greening belt is 6 m. The greening belt is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. Other sections of the roadside, trees grow well with tree shade. The width of existing vehicle lane is 2*12=24m, and that of non- motor lane is 2*4=8m. The pavement is asphalt concrete, and the road condition is good. The existing walkway is pavement of mechanized concrete bricks, and the pavement condition is relatively good.

Figure 18 Current Status of Non-motorized Lanes and Current Pedestrian Walkway

45. Section at Chengbei Turntable-Shaoshan Road of Jinggangshan Avenue. Jinggangshan Avenue (North Turntable-Shaoshan Road) is about 2.0 km in length, 60 m in width, three roads, two-way six lanes, asphalt concrete pavement. From North turntable to Shaoshan Road, the greening belt width on both sides of the road is 5 m each, without central greening belt, which is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. Other sections of the road trees grow well, with tree shade. The width of existing road is 2*11.5=23m, and that of non-motorized Road is 2*4.5=9m. The pavement is asphalt concrete. The road condition is good. The existing pavement of walkway is made of granite brick pavement, and the pavement condition is relatively good.

46. Section at Shaoshan Road-Luzhou Road of Jinggangshan Avenue. Jinggangshan Avenue (Shaoshan Road - Luzhou Road) is about 0.6 km in length, 60 m in width, three roads, two-way six lanes, asphalt concrete pavement. From Shaoshan Road to Luzhou Road, the greening belt width on both sides of the road is 1.5m, without central greening belt, which is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. In other sections of the road, trees grow well with shade. The width of the existing roadway is 2*15=30m, the non-motorized roadway is 2*4.5=9m, and the pavement is asphalt concrete. The road condition is good. The existing pavement of walkway is made of granite panel, and the pavement condition is relatively good.

47. Section at Luzhou Road-Yangming Road of Jinggangshan Avenue. Jinggangshan Avenue (Luzhou Road-Yangming Road) is about 0.6 km in length, 60 m in width, three roads, two-way six lanes, and asphalt concrete pavement. From Shaoshan Road to Luzhou Road, the greening belt width on both sides of the road is 1.5m without central greening belt, which is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. In other sections of the road, trees grow well with shade. The width of the existing roadway is 2*15=30m, the non-motorized roadway is 2*4.5=9m, and the pavement is asphalt concrete. The road condition is good. The existing pavement wo walkway is made of granite, and the pavement condition is relatively good.

48. Section at Yangming Road-Zhongshan Road of Jinggangshan Avenue. Jinggangshan Avenue (Yangming Road - Zhongshan Road) is about 0.5 km in length, 60 m in width, three roads, two-way six lanes, and asphalt concrete pavement. From Yangming Road- Zhongshan Road, the greening bandwidth on both sides of the road is 5 m each without central greening belt. The greening belt is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. In other sections of the road, trees grow well with tree shade. The width of existing road is 2*11.5=23m, and that of non-motorized Road is 2*4.5=9m. The pavement is asphalt concrete. The existing pavement of walkway is made of granite bricks, and the pavement condition is relatively good.

49. Section at Zhongshan Road-Jifu Road of Jinggangshan Avenue. Jinggangshan Avenue (Zhongshan Road - Jifu Road) is about 0.36 km in length, 60 m in width, two-way six lanes, and asphalt concrete pavement. From Zhongshan Road to Jifu Road, the width of green belt on both sides of the road is 1.5m to 2.0m, respectively. There is no central green belt. The green belt is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. In other sections of the roadside trees grow well with tree shade. The width of the existing roadway is 15m and 14.5m on the East and West sides, totaling 29.5m. The width of the non-motorized roadway is 2*4.5=9m, and the pavement is asphalt concrete. The road condition is good. The existing pavement of walkway is made of granite, and the pavement is in good condition.

50. Section at Jifu Road-Fenghuangzhou Road of Jinggangshan Avenue . Jinggangshan Avenue (Jifu Road - Fenghuangzhou Road) is about 0.92 km in length, 60 m in width, three roads, two-way six lanes and asphalt concrete pavement. From Jifu Road to Fenghuangzhou Road, the greening belt width on both sides of the road is 5.0m each. There is no central greening belt. The greening belt is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. In other sections of the roadside, trees grow well with tree shade. The existing roadway width is 2*11.5=23m, and the non-motorized roadway width is 2*4.5=9m. The pavement is asphalt concrete. The road condition is good. The existing pavement of walkway is made of granite, and the pavement is in good condition.

51. Section at Fenghuangzhou Road-Shangxian Road of Jinggangshan Avenue. Jinggangshan Avenue (Fenghuangzhou Road - Shangxian Road) is about 0.56 km in length, 60 m in width, three roads, two-way six lanes and asphalt concrete pavement. From Shaoshan Road to Luzhou Road, the greening belt width on both sides of the road is 5.0m each. There is no central greening belt. The greening belt is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. In other sections of the road, trees grow well with tree shade. The existing roadway width is 2*11.5=23m, and the non-motorized roadway width is 2*4.5=9m. The pavement is asphalt concrete. The existing pavement of walkway is made of granite bricks, and the pavement is in good condition.

52. Section of Shangxian Road-North Sports Road of Jinggangshan Avenue. Jinggangshan Avenue (Shangxian Road-North Sports Road) is about 0.6 km in length, 60 m in width, three roads, two-way six lanes, and asphalt concrete pavement. From Shaoshan Road to North Sports Road, the greening belt width on both sides of the road is 1.5m, without central greening belt, which is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. In other sections of the road trees grow well with tree shade. The width of existing vehicle lanes is 2*15.0=30m, and that of non-motorized lanes is 2*4.5=9m. The pavement is asphalt concrete. The existing pavement of walkway is made of granite bricks, and the pavement condition is relatively good.

53. Section of North Sports Road-Yingbin Road of Jinggangshan Avenue.

Jinggangshan Avenue (Sports North Road - Yingbin Road) is about 0.6 km in length, 60 m in width, three roads, two-way six lanes, asphalt concrete pavement. From Shaoshan Road to Luzhou Road, the greening belt width on both sides of the road is 5.0m without central greening belt. The greening belt is maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. In other sections of the road trees grow well with tree shade. The width of existing vehicle lanes is 2*11.5=23m, and that of non-motorized lanes is 2*4.5=9m. The pavement is asphalt concrete. The existing pavement of walkway is made of granite with wool face, and the pavement condition is relatively good.

54. Other main urban roads connected with Jinggangshan Avenue (e.g. Shangxian Road, Zhongshan Road, Jifu Road, Fenghuangzhou Road, Shangxian Road, Yangming Road, Zhongshan Road, Jifu Road, Luzhou Road, etc.). These roads are all in the downtown area. The current road width is narrower than 10-30m, two roads, two-way four lanes and asphalt concrete pavement. The width of greening belt width on both sides of some roads is 1.0 m to 2.0 m at some sections. There is no central greening belt. The greening belts on the roadside are maintained annually, and the landscape effect is good. In other sections have good growth of street side trees with tree shade. The existing pavement of walkway is concrete bricks, and the pavement condition is relatively good as shown in Figure 19.

Figure 19 Jifu Road landscaping

Pedestrian Bridge at Renmin Square

55. Site Status. The component is located at the intersection of Jinggangshan Avenue and Renmin Square North Road. This section is a busy commercial center and residential area. There is a strong demand for pedestrian crossing. There are no three-dimensional crossing facilities around it. There are serious interweaving phenomena between pedestrians and

vehicles. There are great hidden dangers for pedestrian crossing safety. At the same time, it seriously affects the speed of high-quality buses and social vehicles. Considering the current situation, this component intends to connect the leisure crowd, shopping and cross-street crowd traffic well, and cross the intersection by means of pedestrian crossing corridor.

56. Issues and Suggestions . There are many utilities--pipelines (such as communication cables, power lines, rainwater and sewage pipes) distributed under the ground of the component site. It is necessary to identify the layout and direction of the pipelines. Some of the pipelines are in conflict with the staircase foundation. It is necessary to coordinate with relevant authorities and take appropriate protection and migration measures. This issue will be addressed by the design and construction agencies during implementation stage.

Acoustic environment of JRT Corridor

57. Baseline noise monitoring for environmental impact assessment in the PRC generally consists of noise monitoring on two consecutive days, with noise measurements taken both during the daytime and at night on each day. For this component, Beijing Zhonghuanohong Environmental Resources Technology Co., Ltd. undertook noise monitoring on 26 and 27 Jan. 2019 at 35 selected sensitive receptor locations (31 for the JRT corridor and 4 at the Bus depots).

58. Table 6 presents the monitoring results. Category 2 Environment Quality Standards for Noise (GB 3096-2008 accepted by Jian EPB or/and WHO noise guideline) apply to those sensitive receptors near major roads. or the WHO noise guidelines apply to residential properties unless PRC is more stringent which they are not - 55dBA day and 45dBA night in most cases at bus stops these levels appear to be exceeded, so criteria to ensure noise levels are <3dBA as a result of the project but for bus depots the noise levels are below standards and thus project must ensure that the levels remain below 55dBA and 45dBA at nearest residential.

Table 6 Noise monitoring for the JRT corridor Monitoring result [dB(A)] ( LAeq) No. Bus stops Road Day Night

JRT-route 1

1 Jinggangshan Ave (sn) Renmin Square-east 58.3 47.4 （east ） 2 Jinggangshan Ave (ns) Renmin Square-west 57.9 48.0 （west ） 3 Jinggangshan Ave(sn) Zhongxinyiyuan-east 54.7 48.5 （east ） 4 Jinggangshan Ave(ns) Zhongxinyiyuan-west 56.5 49.1 （west ） 5 Jizhoudaidaoluke Luzhouxi Ave 57.8 47.6 6 Jianzhonzhuan Yaojing Ave 54.8 46.6

JRT- route 9 7 Jianshanzhon YaojingAve 54.7 47.4

8 Dieryiyuan Dahongke Ave 55.5 48.6 9 Gunanyixiao Dahongke Ave 55.8 47.7 10 Jishifuxiao Luzhou east Ave 54.3 47.8 11 Jianyizhon Yanjiang Ave 57.2 48.8 JRT- route 12

12 Shifuyoubaojianyuan Jifu Ave 57.6 48.2 13 Jiansizhon Jifu Ave 56.2 48.6 14 Chenbeijiayouzhang Jinggangshan Av 58.2 47.0 JRT-rout 13

15 Donfanyiyuan Ji'an South Ave 56.3 48.2 16 Shixinzhenzhonxin Shanghai Ave 54.0 48.2 17 Zhonguyinhang GulandadaoAve 57.3 47.6 18 Chennanchezhang GulandadaoAve 58.0 48.7

JRT-route 61 19 Denhouxianlizhongxue Baiyun Ave 56.2 48.0 20 Yanguangyiyuan Junshan Ave 56.7 48.6 21 Jiaanxianfuyoubaojianyuan Luling Ave 55.0 49.4 22 Mingdexiaoxue Ruhua Ave 56.0 47.0 23 Lulingshentaiyuan Jinggangshan Ave 56.3 48.7 24 Yanjingpujiuchang Baiyuan Ave 56.8 48.1 25 Qingyuanqugonganju Wentianxiang Ave 57.3 48.5 26 Qingyuanqufayuan Qingyuan Ave 55.4 48.3 JRT-route 62

HSR route between the old railway station and new High-Speed Railway station

28 56.2 48.5 Jianxinyizhon Yangmingwest Rd 29 56.1 48.8 Shixumusouyiju Yangmingwest Rd 30 55.7 48.9 Honxianjiangyu Wentianxiang Ave 31 57.4 48.1 buxingjia Yangming East Rd Bus depots

32 Depot 1 Chengbei bus depot and 53.2 41.5 Chengbei Ave terminal 33 51.7 40.8 Depot 2 Qingyuan bus depot Qingyuan Ave

34 52.8 44.3 Depot 3 Sanshangang bus depot Sanshangang Ave 35 Depot 4 Bus depot and terminal in 53.6 47.8 High-Speed Railway Station the High-Speed Railway Station 36 Category 2 noise standards in 60 50

urban area

B. Physical Environment

59. Geography. Ji’an is located in the mid-western region of Jiangxi Province, along the mid- stream section of the Gan River. Its coordinates are latitudes 25 o58’32”N to 27 o57’50”N and longitudes 113 o46’E to 115 o56’E. The city extends 218 km from north to south and 208 km from east to west. Total administrative area is 25,300 km 2, accounting for approximately 15% of total area in the province. The urban center is located approximately 210 km south of Nanchang, the provincial capital. Ji’an’s topography is dominated by hills and mountains, accounting for 51% of the area. The southern, eastern and western regions of the municipality are mountainous while the central and northern regions are plains. The terrain in the urban center slopes from west to east.

60. Geology. Ji’anis located in the eastern section of the Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi folded belt of the South China Caledonian geosyncline folded system. Geological strata in the city consist of Sinian, Cambrian and Quaternary sequences, with well-developed outcrops, relatively frequent tectonic and magmatic events, and complex geological structures. The soil in Ji’an, including in the component sites, is dominated by red soil distributed from low hills at 80 m elevation to mountains at 600 m elevation. Other soil types include purple soil developed on purple sand shale, purple paddy field soil, black lime soil developed on calcareous carbon shale, and alluvial tidal sand and mud from rivers.

61. Climate. The component area is located in the Central Asia sub-tropical monsoon climatic zone, with mild and humid climate and distinct seasons under the influence of the southeast monsoon. Table 7 shows Ji’an’s weather statistics.

Table 7 Ji’an’s Weather Statistics Parameter Value Annual average temperature 18.3 oC Lowest monthly average temperature 6.2 oC Highest monthly average temperature 28.2 oC Extreme lowest temperature -8 oC Extreme highest temperature 40.2 oC Annual average frost-free days 277 days Annual average sunshine hours 1,812 h Predominant wind during the year North Annual average precipitation 1,458 mm Highest 24-h precipitation 188.1 mm Highest 1-h precipitation 50.2 mm Source: Plan EIA

C. Biological Resources, Ecology and Biodiversity

62. Vegetation. The vegetation types are dominated by common plant species, with only Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora) being a protected species (national Class II protection) 25 . Camphor Tree colonies were found to be among the dominant species in the evergreen broad leaf woodlands in the component area of influence and there are no old camphor trees more than 100 years in age. Camphor trees are commonly and widely planted in the PRC cities for urban landscaping and greening. The Catalogue of Life China 2013 describes Camphor Trees as widely distributed in southern and southwestern PRC.

D. Physical Cultural Resources

63. Literature review and field inspection by JEPSRI identified there are no physical cultural resources and no old camphor trees with more than 100 years in age within the component area of influence that meet the SPS 2009 description of physical cultural resources.

E. Environment Quality (Baseline Data)

64. Air quality. Baseline ambient air quality monitoring for road projects in the PRC generally consists of monitoring of SO 2, NO 2, TSP and PM 10 on seven consecutive days. For this component, the Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station (JEMS), a subsidiary of the Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau and an authorized entity for conducting environmental monitoring, undertook baseline ambient air quality monitoring at four locations in the project area of influence.

65. Table 8 presents the monitoring results, indicating that on the days of monitoring, all parameters monitored at the four locations complied with GB3095-1996 Class II ambient air quality standards.

Table 8 Baseline Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results Monitoring Location Daily Average Concentration (mg/m 3)

Date Location TSP PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 Feb 18- Qinyuan Road 0.061- 0.041- 0.014- 0.02-0.027 24,2017 0.076 0.055 0.076 Aug 25- Jizhou District, downtown zone 0.136- 0.062- 0.020- 0.0240.035 31, 2015 0.158 0.082 0.026 Sep 15- Jian Vocational and Technical College at the 0.074- 0.004- 0.003- 0.009- 21, 2016 intersection of Ji'an South Ave and Jixiang 0.147 0.159 0.098 0.078 AVE Nov 25- Jifu Ave 0.086- 0.043- 0.023- 0.014- 30, 2016 0.138 0.069 0.030 0.027 GB 3095-1996 Class II Standards 0.300 0.150 0.150 0.080 Source: Project EIA report

66. Hydrology and surface water quality. Rivers within the project area of influence include the Gan River, Luohu River, Yudai River and its tributary Jiangbian Stream, and the Heshui River where the JRT corridor on Jinggangshan Avenue will cross (by the existing

25 The national protection status, which is divided into Class I and Class II, is based on the List of Wild Flora under Nationally Emphasized Protection – First Batch and its revision.

bridge). The Gan River (or Ganjiang 26 ) is the major river flowing through Ji’an with a catchment area of 22,500 km 2 and water resource of 19.675 billion m 3 within Ji’an.

Figure 20 Map Showing the Water monitoring sits Location

Project area for urban roads and Yudai River

Water monitoring sites for JRT corridor on Jinggangshan Avenue cross the Luohu river

67. The Luohu River is one of 28 tributaries in Ji’an flowing into the Gan River. It is the important surface run-off water receptor for the JRT corridor south section. It originates from the upstream of Guanxi reservoir in Xingqiao and flows into Gan River at Luohu Bridge near Wenhuasi Temple in Jizhou District. It is 22.5 km long with a catchment area of 101.2 km 2. The terrain of the catchment area is hilly plain. The existing stream has many creeks. The banks are unprotected, and garbage and waste often block the waterway. Its water surface width is 40-70 m, and riverbed width is 8-16 m, with a water depth of 6-7 m. Its average flow rate is 6.5 m 3/s.

68. Baseline surface water quality monitoring in the PRC generally consists of water quality monitoring on three consecutive days. JEMS undertook measurements of pH, BOD 5, NH 3-N, TP and volatile phenol at four locations on the Luohu River from 26 to 28 June, 2017. Table 9 presents the monitoring results, indicating that on the days of monitoring and at the monitoring locations on the Luohu River, the parameters measured complied with GB 3838-2002 Category II water quality standards. 69.

26 “Jiang” in Chinese means river. Therefore the name of the river should be either Gan River or Ganjiang, but not Ganjiang River.

Table 9 Baseline surface water quality monitoring results for Luohu River from 26-28 June 2017 Volatile location pH COD BOD NH -N TP 5 3 Phenol SW1-reach to mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L Ganjian River (no unit) mg/L upstream 0.5km SW2-reach to 7.45-7.55 8.36- 1.8- 0.251- 0.08-0.09 0.0014- Ganjian River 8.84 2.35 0.278 0.0016 upstream 0.6km SW3-reach to 7.40-7.55 8.39- 1.8- 0.245- 0.08-0.09 0.0014- Ganjian River 8.92 2.35 0.282 0.0015 upstream 1.5km SW4-reach to 7.38-7.45 8.24- 1.78- 0.230- 0.08-0.09 0.0013- Ganjian River 8.35 2.25 0.240 0.0015 upstream 2.5km GB 3838-2002 Category II 6-9 ≤15 ≤3 ≤0.5 ≤0.1 ≤0.002 standard Source: Domestic EIA report

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Identification of the Potential Impacts

70. Potential impacts of the JRT corridor and NMT facilities improvement component during construction will occur along the surrounding belt of the JRT corridor and NMT alignment. Construction activities, scope, location, and potential impacts are shown in Table 10.

Appendix 4

Table 10 Potential influences of JRT corridor and NMT facilities Civ il Works Scope Location Impacts and mitigation measures Depot 1 Chengbei 30,042 m 2, land leveling, Urban construction For the land leveling, about 15,000M 3 tope soil need to be cut bus depot and pavement, facility and area and removed as the other place civil filled materials. Soil and terminal structure water conservation measures should be enforced. Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

Depot 2 Qingyuan 16307m 2, land leveling, Urban construction For the land leveling About 16000 M 3 soil will be used to fill the bus depot pavement, facility and area pond water body, Soil and water conservation measures structure should be enforced. Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

Depot 3 6679.2 m 2, existing depot, Existing depot, Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, Sanshangang bus facility and structure Urban construction risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. depot improvement area See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

Depot 4 Bus depot About 5,000 m 2, land Urban construction Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, and terminal in the leveling; included in the land currently under risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. High-Speed Railway construction of Ji-a West construction See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. station High-speed Railway Station JRT corridor and NMT facilities improvement JRT Stops About 8,000 m 2, Structures At the existing Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, (at more than 110 places) roadside risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Ramps at bus stops 1,400 m 2; land surface At the existing road Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, facilities (at about 120 surface risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. places) See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Operation center 1,091 m 2, Office Building Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Color pavement of 13,500 m 2, land surface At the existing road See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. bus lanes facilities surface

Middle refuge 400 m 2, land surface At the existing road Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, islands facilities surface or along the risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc.

(at 20 places) existing roadside See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Pedestrian bridge 443 m 2 at Renmin Square At the existing road Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, surface or along the risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. existing roadside See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Intersection 1,200 m 2, land surface At the existing road Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, improvement facilities (at 12 places) surface or along the risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. (bollards and color existing roadside See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. pavement)

Public space 12,923 2, land surface Along the existing Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, improvement facilities and structures (at roadside risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. 10 locations) See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. E-bike Parking lots 290 m 2, land surface Along the existing Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, facilities (at 2 places) roadside risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Rain protection 2,400 m 2, structure (at 12 Along the existing Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, facilities for bicycles places) roadside risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. and e-bikes at See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. selected points along JGS Ave.

JRT network 1,250 m 2, land surface At the existing road Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, driveway facilities (at 10 places) surface or along the risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. improvement existing roadside See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. JRT network About 200 m 2, structures At the existing road Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, covered walkway (at 10 places) surface or along the risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. existing roadside See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. NMT network 392.5 m 2, land surface Along the existing Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, improvement facilities roadside risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Greenway access 100 m X 3=300m 2, land At the existing road Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, surface facilities surface or along the risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. existing roadside See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Junshan Ave traffic About 500 m 2, (at 10 At the existing road Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, improvement places) surface or along the risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. existing roadside See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Middle refuge About 100 m 2 (at 8 places) At the existing road Construction waste and wastewater, air pollution, soil erosion, islands surface or along the risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. existing roadside See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

Appendix 4

71. The potential impacts of the JRT corridor stops were assessed during the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). According to the nature and scale of the components, the impacts can be divided into low degree, medium and high degree. Based at the ambient setting, the sensitive receptors, sensitivity level can be classified into non-sensitive, slight sensitive, medium sensitive and very sensitive. Some of the mitigation measures are generic measures that are applicable to all construction sites and construction activities. The major potential impacts were ascribed by the stop structure installation process, which will produce the construction solid waste. It is estimated that there are about 10.0kg solid waste would be produced for the 1.0m 2 civil works area at the average amount. About 60% of the solid waste can be recycled such as the metal, plastic and paper. About only 40% of the solid waste, such as broken bricks, waste cement block, waste branches and grass and waste soil would be disposed at Municipal Waste Landfill station. Following table provide the data on solid waste by the bus stop install process civil works. The bus stop installation process will include; Clean up the ground; Excavation of foundation voids, bus stop board structure, backfill to foundation voids. It will be required to collect the solid waste and clean up the ground. The stop board structure is made in the factory previously and move to the stop sites by truck.

Table 11 Summary of stop types and solid waste Stop types Number of the Civil works Solid waste Filed solid Stops area amount (KG) waste amount produced (KG) in Municipal Waste Landfill station Small stop 135 810m 2 8000 3200 Medium stop 33 396m 2 4000 1600 Large stop 7 126m 2 1300 480 Total 175 1332 m 2 13000 5600

Appendix 4

Table 12 Summary of the assessment on the JRT stop construction Impact degree and sensitivity Stop name (routes) Rd (Direction) Ambient Settings Impacts and mitigation mitigations Level Junfengqu Military Jinggangshan Ave Road-side public green Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Zone office (1, 9, (sn) space slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community 12, 61) and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Renmin Square (1, Jinggangshan Ave Roadside shops High degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 12, 61) (ns) Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Renmin Square (1, Jinggangshan Ave Roadside shops High degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 12, 61) (sn) Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shaoshanluko （61 Jinggangshan Ave Street side shop High degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ） (ns) Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangmingluko Jinggangshan Street side shop High degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Ave(ns) Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Zhongshanko（61 Jinggangshan Ave Street side shops High degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ） (ns) Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Zhongxinyiyuan (1, Jinggangshan Ave Roadside shops; Near the High degree Construction waste and wastewater, air 9, 12, 61A) (sn) entrance of the hospital Very sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jianzhiyejishuxueyu Ji'an South Ave Near the School entrance, Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air an (13) (we) square, roadside greenbelt Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Wuyuguanshichang Jifu Rd (we) Street side shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air

（12 ） Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Duohouxianlizhongx Baiyun Rd (ns) Street side shops; School High degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ue （61 ） entrance very sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Duohouxianlizhongx Baiyun Rd (sn) Street side shops; School Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ue （61 ） entrance very sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yanjing Brewery Baiyun Rd (ns) Street side shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Qingyuan Daqiao East Rd Roadside public green Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Development Zone (ew) space Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community Roundabout （12 ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jianbinguanbei Daqiao West Rd Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （12 ） (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jianbinguanbei Daqiao West Rd Street side shops; School Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （12 ） (we) entrance Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shinongyeyinhang Daqiao West Rd Street side shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （12 ） (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Zhaogongtang Jifu Rd (we) Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community （12 ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

Chengbeishichang Jinggangshan Ave Street side shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （12 ） (ns) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Chengbeishichang Jinggangshan Ave Street side shops, near Gas Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （12 ） (sn) station Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. strength on: solid waste treatment; traffic management; care of on the Gas station Ganzhouyinhang Jinggangshan Ave Street side shops Medium degree influence; Construction waste and wastewater, air （12 ） (ns) Slight sensitivity pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jizhouqugonganju Jinggangshan Ave Office Building, Shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61, 61 ） (sn) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangguangyiyuan Junshan Ave (ew) Hospital entrance, roadside Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61, 62 ） greenbelt Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangguangyiyuan Junshan Ave (we) Hospital entrance, roadside Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61, 62 ） greenbelt Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jingdayangguangtia Kejiao Rd (ew) Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air njie （12 ） Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. jinggangshandaxue Kejiao Rd(ew) School entrance, square, Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （12 ） roadside greenbelt Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Xianchezhan （61, Luling Ave(we) Roadside greenbelt Shops Medium degree influence; Construction waste and wastewater, air

62 ） Slight sensitivity pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jianfubao Luling Ave (we) Shops, roadside green belts Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ，62 ） Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Xianzhengfu （61 ， Luling Ave (we) Shops, roadside green belts Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 62 ） Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Chengbeichezhan （ Ruihua Rd (ns) Shops, roadside green belts Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 61 ） Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Huochezhan （62 ） Wentianxiang Ave Street side shop Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Huochezhanluko Wentianxiang Street side shops High degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （62 ） Ave(ew) Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Buxingjieko Yangming East Rd Street side shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Buxingjieko Yangming East Rd Street side shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangmingshangche Yangming East Rd Street side shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ng (ew) Mediums sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

Yangmingshangche Yangming East Rd Street side shops Medium degree; Medium Construction waste and wastewater, air ng (we) sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Gaotiezhan （new ） Yangming West Rd Construction Zone Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Dongmen Yanjiang Rd(Ns) Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jinggangshankaifaq Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air u (sn) No sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Xiangongdiangongsi Luling Ave (we) Roadside greenbelt shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ，62 ） slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Tiyuguanbei （61 ， Chongwen Rd (ew) Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 62 ） No sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yishuzhongxinbei （ Chongwen Rd (we) Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 61 ，62 ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Aotizhongxin （61 ， Ji'an South Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 62 ） (ew) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Aotizhongxin （61 ， Ji'an South Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 62 ） (we) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation

measures. Dongfangyiyuan Ji'an South Ave （ Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ，62 ） ew ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Dongfangyiyuan Ji'an South Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (we) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community （61,62 ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yishuzhongxinxi （ Jizhou Ave (ns) Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 61,62 ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jishifuxian （9） Luzhou East Rd Street side shop ， near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ew) Primary school entrance Very sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jishifuxiao （9） Luzhou East Street side shop ， near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Rd(we) Primary school entrance Very sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Youdiandalou （9） Luzhou East Rd Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Youdiandalou （9） Luzhou East Rd Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (we) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Luzhouxilushiyanglu Luzhou East Rd Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ko (1,9) (we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shinongyeju (1, 9) Luzhou East Rd Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc.

See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Qingyuanqudianxinj Wentianxiang Ave Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air uhouchezhanluko (we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community （13 ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Bailuzhougongyuan Yanjiang Rd(sn) Street side shop; Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （9） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jianbinguan （9） Yanjiang Rd(ns) Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jianbinguan （9） Yanjiang Rd (sn) Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jinniusi （9） Yanjiang Rd (ns) Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

Yanjianglushaoshan Yanjiang Rd (ns) Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air dongluko （9） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yanjianglushaoshan Yanjiang Rd (sn) Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air dongluko （9） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yanjiangluzhongsha Yanjiang Rd (ns) Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ndongluko （9） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yanjiangluzhongsha Yanjiang Rd (sn) Street side shop; Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air

ndongluko （9） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jiansanzhong Yuejin Rd (ns) Street side shop; near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (1,9) School gate Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jiansanjiang Yuejin Rd (sn) Street side shop; near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （1, 9 ） School gate Very sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jianzhongzuan Yuejin Rd (ns) Street side shop; near Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （1, 9 ） School gate Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jixiangluko （1, 9 ） Yuejin Rd (ns) Street side shop; Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. ixiangluko （1, 9 ） Yuejin Rd (sn) Street side shop; Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shenggangshanxiao Yuejin Rd (sn) Street side shop; near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air xue （1, 9 ） School gate Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Taipingqiaoshequ Yuejin Rd(ns) Community, street side Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （9） Shop Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Taipingqiaoshequ Yuejin Rd(sn) Community, street side Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （9） Shop Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

Xiancaichang （1） Yuejin Rd (ns) Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Xiancaichang （1） Yuejin Rd (sn) Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yujiahe (1) YuejinRd (sn) Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yuejinlufuxingluko Yuejin Rd (ns) Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (1) built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Baiyunlujunshandad Yuejin Rd (ns) Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air aoluko （61, 62 ） built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yanjingpijiu Yuejin Rd (ns) Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61, 61 ） built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Chongwenlujinggan Chongwen Rd （we Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air gshandadaoluko ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community (61,61) and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Zhengbingjiaoxincu Cuiling Rd （ns） Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air n（1） built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Zhengbingjiaoxincu Cuiling Rd (sn) Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air n（1） built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation

measures. Qingyuankaifaquyua Daqiao East Rd Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air npan (12) (we) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shinongyeyinhang Daqiao East Rd Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (12) (we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Gunanyixiao (9) Daxiangkou Rd Roadside shops; near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (we) School gate Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Wanshanghui Daxiangkou Rd Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ew) built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Wanshanghui Daxiangkou Rd Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (we) built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Zhangjiagang Daxiangkou Rd Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ew) built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Chengnanchezhan Gunan Ave (ns) Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （13, 62 ） Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Chengnanchezhan Gunan Ave (sn) Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (13,62) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Sanjiangjiajucheng Gunan Ave (ns) Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (13,62) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc.

See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Taipingqiaojiayouzh Gunan Ave (sn) Street side shop; near Gas Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air an （13 ） station Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Zhongguoyinhang Gunan Ave (ns) Street side shop Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (1,13) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Zhongguoyinhang Gunan Ave (sn) Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (1, 13) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Ganjiangdaqiaoxi Ji'an South Ave Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (13) (ew) built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Ganjiangdaqiaoxi Ji'an South Ave Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (13) (we) built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Huameilijia (13) Ji'an South Ave Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (we) built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jianshedasha (13) Ji'an South Ave Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ew) built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jianshedasha(13) Ji'an South Ave Roadside shops in newly Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (we) built residential areas Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jiansizhong (12) Jifu Rd (ew) Street side shops; near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air School gate Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community

and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Weishexuexiao (12) JifuRd (ew) Street side shops, near High degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air hospital gate Very sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Weishexuexiao(12) Jifu Rd (we) Street side shops; near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air School gate; Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Chengnanchenzhan Jinggangshan Ave Road Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air luko （9,61,61 ） (ns) side shop Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Hefupaichusuo （61, Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 62 ） (ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Hefupaichusuo （61, Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 62 ） (sn) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jingangshangdadao Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air jiannandadaoluko （ (sn) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community 61 ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jinggangshandadao Jinggangshan Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air shangdeluko （61 ） Ave(sn) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jinggangshanjuany Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air anchang （61 ） (ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jinggangshanjuany Jinggangshan Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air

anchang （61 ） Ave(ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Manhadunguangcha Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ng （61 ） (ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Manhadunguangcha Jinggangshan Ave Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ng （61 ） (sn) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shenjixiwangxiaoxu Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air e（61 ） (ns) near Primary school Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community entrance and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shenjixiwangxiaoxu Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air e（61 ） (sn) Near Primary school Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community entrance and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Tiyuguandong Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ） (ns) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yidujiajubolancheng Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ） (ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Bailuzhouzhongxue Jizhou Ave (we) Roadside greenbelt School Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air nanxiaoqu （9） entrance Square Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Chengnangongzufa Jizhou Ave(sn) Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ngxiaoqu （9, 61 ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. strength on greenbelt

vegetation protection Chengnanxiaoquluk Jizhou Ave (ns) Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air o（9, 61） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Junshangdadaofeng JunshanAve (ew) Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air huangluko （61, 62 Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Junshangdadaofuch Junshan Ave (ew) Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air uanluko （62, 62 ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Junshangdadaofuch Junshan Ave (ew) Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air uanluko （61, 62 ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Xianerzhong Junshan Ave (we) Roadside greenbelt near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61,62 ） School entrance square Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jingdayangguangtia Kejiao Rd (we) Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air njie （12 ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jinggangshandaxue Kejiao Rd(we) Roadside greenbelt School Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （12 ） entrance square Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jizhoudadaoluko Luzhou West Rd Roadside vacant land in Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (1 ，62) (ew) newly built residential area Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jizhoudadaoluko(1, Luzhou West Rd Roadside vacant land in Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 62) (we) newly built residential area Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc.

See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Luzhouxilushiyanglu Luzhou West Rd Roadside greenbelt Shops, Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ko (1 ，62) (ew) Primary School Entrance Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Maoyiguangchangz Qingyuan Ave (ns) Roadside shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air hongxinjie （62 ） Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Maoyiguangchangz Qingyuan Ave (sn) Roadside shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air hongxinjie （62 ） Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Qingyuanqichezhan Qingyuan Ave Roadside shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （62 ） (sn) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Qinyuanqufayuan Qingyuan Roadside shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （62 ） Ave(ns) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Qinyuanqufayuan Qingyuan Ave (ns) Roadside shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （62 ） Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Tianlihuayuan Qingyuan Ave (ns) Roadside shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （62 ） Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Zhenbeicun （62 ） Qingyuan Ave (sn) Roadside greenbelt Shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jizhouquxingzhengz Ruihua Rd (ew) Roadside greenbelt Shops Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air hongxinbei Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community

（61, 62 ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jizhouquxingzhengz Ruihua Rd (we) Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air hongxinbei Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community （61, 62 ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Mingdexiaoxue Ruihua Rd (ew) Roadside greenbelt Shops, Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61, 62 ） Primary School Entrance Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Mingdexiaoxue Ruihua Rd (we) Roadside greenbelt Shops, Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61,62 ） Primary School Entrance Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shixingzhengzhong Shangde Rd (ew) Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air xin （61, 62 ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shixingzhengzhong Shangde Rd (we) Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air xinbei Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shiminfuwuzhongxin Shangde Rd (we) Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （13, 61, 62 ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shiminfuwuzhongxin Shangde Rd (ew) Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （13, 61, 62 ） Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Gongdiangongsi Wentianxiang Ave( Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （new ） ew) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Huachangdasha Wentianxiang Ave Roadside greenbelt Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air

（new ） (we) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yianxinyizhong Yangming West Rd Roadside greenbelt Shops, Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （new ） (ew) School Entrance Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yianxinyizhong Yangming West Rd Roadside greenbelt Shops, Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （new ） (we) School Entrance Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jiaojingzhidui Yangming West Rd Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （new ） (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jiaojingzhidui Yangming West Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （new ） Rd( we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shixumushouyiju YangmingWest Rd Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （new ） (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Shixumushouyiju （ Yangming West Rd Street side shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air new ） (we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangmingxiluboand Yangming West Rd Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air adaoluko （new ） (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangmingxiluboand Yangming West Rd Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air adaoluko （new ） (we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

Yangmingxilucuilingl Yangming West Rd Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air uko （new ） (we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangmingxiludongta Yangming West Rd Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ngbianluko （new ） (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangmingxiludongta Yangming West Rd Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air ngbianluko （new ） (we) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangmingxilujizhou Yangming West Rd Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air dadaoluko （new ） (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangmingxilujunhua Yangming West Rd newly built road Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air dadaoluko （new ） (ew) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Dagangko(9) Yanjiang Rd (sn) Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Dieryiyuan Dahangke Rd (ew) Street side shop, near Medium degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air hospital entrance Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Gunanyixiao Dahangke Rd (ew) Street side shops；near Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Primary School entrance Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Dongmen(9) Yanjiang Rd(sn) Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation

measures. Yangmingxiluzhanqi Zhanqian Ave (ew) Newly built road construction Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air andadaoluko zone Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community （new ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yangmingxiluzhanqi Zhanqian Ave (we) Newly built road; Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air andadaoluko construction zone Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community （new ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Beimeng (61) Jinggangshan Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Ave(ns) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Beimengqiao (61) Jinggangshan Ave Roadside shops Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (sn) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Guhouhelvlang Jinggangshan Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ） Ave(ns) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Guhouhelvlang Jinggangshan Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ） Ave(sn) Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. hefuqiao （61 ） Jinggangshan Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air Ave(ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Hefuqiao （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (sn) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jiangzitou （61 ） Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc.

See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jinggangshandadao Jinggangshan Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air jiannandaodaluko Ave(ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community （61, 62 ） and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Jinggangshankaifaq Jinggangshan Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air u（61 ） Ave(ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Lulingshengtaiyuan Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ） (ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Lulingshengtaiyuan Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ） (s) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Sanjiaotang (61) Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt ； Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (sn) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Sanjiaotang (61) Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air (ns) Non-sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Yidujiajubolancheng Jinggangshan Ave Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61 ） (sn) Roadside shops Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Xianchezhan （61, Luling Ave （ew ） Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 62 ） Roadside shops Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Xianfubao Luling Ave （ew ） Roadside greenbelt Hospital Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61, 62 ） entrance Medium sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community

and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Xiangongdiangongsi Luling Ave （ew ） Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air （61, 62 ） Roadside shops Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures. Xianzhengfu （61, Luling Ave （ew ） Roadside greenbelt Low degree; Construction waste and wastewater, air 62 ） Administrative offices Slight sensitive pollution, soil erosion, risks to community and occupational health and safety, etc. See updated EMP for the mitigation measures.

B. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits

72. Beneficiaries. The component will provide a step-change in urban public transport development in Ji’an. A more comprehensive, higher quality public transport system will link the new railway station and development area with the existing railway station in the existing urban center. This will bring accessibility, and connectivity benefits, as well as travel time savings, congestion relief, improved safety and NMT provision. This Project will directly benefit a population of 550,600 residing in the Jizhou and Qingyuan Districts, including a poverty population of approximately 40,000. The JRT corridor will also provide important and efficient connections for the passengers from feeder bus services of the existing railway station, the future Western City Development Area and the planned high-speed railway station.

C. Impacts Associated with Project Location, Planning and Design

73. Land （Small area about 1500 m 2 nearby the JRT Stations and JRT stops of the corridor will be used temporarily for staging construction works or for the storage and disposal of excavated spoil. Construction of the JRT stations on the JRT corridor on Jinggangshan Road would be staged on and within the existing carriage way. The dominant species include common species of trees, shrubs and grassland. None of the habitats or associated species are protected species except the Camphor Tree, which are representative species of broad-leaf evergreen woodland and which has national (Class II) protection status, and some mature camphor trees are also deemed of physical cultural resource significance.

D. Mitigation Measures during Detailed Design and Pre-construction

74. Mitigation measures during detailed design. The following environmental measures will permanently become part of the infrastructure and need to be included in the detailed design of facilities by the design institutes:

 Technical design of JRT alignments and NMT improvement facilities must ensure public health and safety, promote non-motorized traffic, and incorporate universal design principles (usable by people with diverse abilities).  Technical design of the JRT and NMT improvement facilities must consider adaptive measures to climate change such as increase in temperature and precipitation, and intensity and frequency of extreme weather events;   Technical design of JRT and NMT improvement facilities and alignments drainage must ensure that drainage design and discharge locations minimize risk of pollution of rivers and water bodies (nearby the JRT Stations and JRT stops of the corridor ）. Need for pollution interceptors and treatment should be considered.  Design of JRT and NMT improvement facilities and alignments must ensure adequate provision of waste management facilities away from the alignments (JRT corridor ） that provides options for waste segregation, recycling and reuse.  Design of JRT and NMT improvement facilities and alignments (JRT corridor ） must provide drainage for car parking and other areas of hard standing and ensure that attenuation and discharge points are appropriate.  Specify species that are of local provenance.  Specify energy efficient lighting and cooling/heating systems.

 Specify materials that are recycled, have recycled content or are from sustainable sources, particularly for street fixtures/fittings.

75. Issues and Suggestions. There are many utilities - pipelines (such as communication cables, power lines, rainwater and sewage pipes) distributed under the ground along this corridor. It is necessary to identity the layout and direction of the pipelines. Some of the pipelines are in conflict with the staircase foundation. It is necessary to propose appropriate protection and mitigation measures during detailed design.

76. Measures during pre-construction . A number of environmental management measures will be implemented in the pre-construction phase to ensure project’s environment management readiness. These include:

 Institution strengthening: including (a) appointment of one qualified environment （and health and safety ） specialist within the JPMO; (b) hiring of loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC) within loan implementation consultant (LIC) services by the JPMO; (c) contracting of environmental monitoring station by JPMO to conduct environment quality monitoring; and (d) contracting of external environmental supervision engineer (ESE) by JPMO to conduct independent monitoring and verification of EMP implementation.  Updating the EMP: Mitigation measures defined in this EMP will be updated based on final technical design. This will be the responsibility of the JPMO, using the local design institute and/or the LIEC.  Contract documents: Environmental issues can potentially arise if the bidding documents are prepared without access to or use of this component IEE, particularly the updated EMP. As such, no bid documents will be prepared having incorporated a copy of the EMP (translated into Chinese), which shall be included in the safeguard clauses of the Technical Specifications in the contracts. This will be the responsibility of the JPMO with the support of the tender agent.  Contractors’ method statements. Contractors shall prepare method statements for implementation of mitigation measures on construction sites. These method statements shall be submitted to the ESE and the LIEC for review and approval.  Environmental protection training. The loan implementation consultant services (mainly but not exclusively through the LIEC) will provide training on implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to contractors, the JPMO and JMUCIDC.

E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Stage

77. Impact screening. Potential impacts during constructions on JRT corridor and NMT facilities improvement will include air quality, noise, solid waste, wastewater and community and occupational health and safety. Potential air quality impacts could occur due to fugitive dust generated on the construction site from stockpiles of uncovered earth materials and vehicles travelling on unpaved haul roads; as well as fumes from asphalt mixing plants. The use of powered mechanical equipment (PME) during construction activities will generate noise. Construction works will produce construction and demolition (C&D) wastes including excavated earth materials. Workers will face occupational health and safety issues working on construction sites, such as during land surface paving when workers are near the asphalt mixing plant and exposed to fumes from the plant. These potential impacts are assessed and addressed below.

3. Impacts on Physical Resources and Mitigation Measures

78. Air Quality. Main air pollutants during the construction stage in this component include (i) fugitive emissions of dust during earth works, (ii) fumes from asphalt mixing during land surface paving and exhaust from movements of construction vehicles and machinery. Based on testing results from similar road projects, based on the domestic EIA, it is predicted that fugitive dust impact from the mixing of road sub-grade and paving materials, including asphalt, would be confined to within 200 m downwind of the mixing activities, and ambient air quality Class II standards would be achieved beyond 200 m. Fugitive dust during earth works, on haul roads and from uncovered stockpiles was estimated to affect a downwind area of up to 50 m. Of the sensitive receptors near the urban JRT corridor and NMT alignments. Some sensitive receptors along the JRT corridor are located within 50 m of the corridor. Mitigation measures will be needed to suppress fugitive dust emission and asphalt paving fumes.

79. The Contractor shall include all necessary mitigation measures to reduce air pollution and dust pollution that would have adverse impacts on the environment and public health, by implementing the following air quality control measures. Some of these measures are generic measures that are applicable to all construction sites and construction activities.  Provide dust masks to operating personnel;  Spray water regularly on hauling and access roads (at least once a day) to suppress dust; and erect boarding around dusty activities;  Minimize the storage time of construction and demolition wastes on site by regularly removing them off site;  Equip asphalt, hot mix and batching plants with fabric filters and/or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. Additionally, site asphalt mixing stations at least 300 meters downwind of the nearest residential households and at least 500 meters from water bodies;  Mount protective canvases on all trucks which transport material that could generate dust;  Build access and hauling roads at sufficient distances (at least 50 m) from residential areas, particular, from local schools and hospitals;  Assign haulage routes and schedules to avoid transport occurring in the central areas, traffic intensive areas or residential areas. For the areas with high demand on environmental quality, transport should be arranged at night.  Keep construction vehicles and machinery in good working order, regularly service and turn off engines when not in use;  Vehicles with an open load-carrying case, which transport potentially dust-producing materials, shall have proper fitting sides and tail boards. Dust-prone materials shall not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall always be covered with a strong tarpaulin;  In periods of high wind, dust-generating operations shall not be permitted within 100 m of residential areas. Special precautions need to be applied in the vicinity of sensitive areas such as schools, kindergartens and hospitals;  Equip material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment with dust shrouds. For the earthwork management for backfill, measures will include surface press and periodical spraying and covering. The extra earth or dreg should be cleared from the component site in time to avoid long term stockpiling. The height of stockpiles should be less than 0.7m;  To avoid odor impacts caused by channel cleaning, transport the removed trash quickly to the local landfill. Transport of dredged sediments will be undertaken in closed tank

wagons to prevent scattering along the way and impacting the urban area;  Dredged sediment storage locations at least 50 m downwind of the nearest residential households;  Unauthorized burning of construction and demolition waste material and refuse shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding of payment.

80. These measures are defined in the updated EMP. Contractors will be required to ensure compliance with relevant PRC emission standards. Air quality monitoring will be carried out by contractors (internal) and a licensed environmental monitoring entity (external) during the construction period.

81. The air quality impacts during the construction stage would be of short duration. JRT alignments and NMT improvement facilities construction will be linear activities. When a section is constructed and paved, the construction activities move on and away from nearby sensitive receptors. Potential sensitive receptors will therefore be exposed to short term, localized impacts. With the above mitigation measures in place, potential air quality impacts during the construction stage would be reduced to acceptable levels.

82. Noise. Noise is emitted by PME used during construction. Based on the cumulative power levels of PMEs used for different construction activities, the project EIR predicted that noise impact from both JRT corridor and NMT facilities improvement construction would affect a distance of 50 m in the day time (based on 70 dB(A) according to GB 12523-2011) and a distance of 200 m at night (based on 55 dB(A) according to GB 12523-2011) from the noise source. The noise sensitive receptors would be affected by construction noise. Noise mitigation measures will be required and no nighttime construction shall be allowed. The sensitive receptors along the JRT corridor are within 30 m of the corridor and would be affected by construction noise. Contractors will be required to implement the following mitigation measures for construction activities to meet PRC construction site and WBG recommended noise limits and to protect sensitive receptors. Some measures are generic and are applicable to all construction sites and activities.

 During daytime construction, the contractor will ensure that: (i) noise levels from equipment and machinery conform to the PRC standard for Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-2011) and properly maintain machinery to minimize noise; (ii) equipment with high noise and high vibration are not used near village or township areas and only low noise machinery or the equipment with sound insulation is employed; (iii) sites for asphalt-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 200 m away from the nearest sensitive receptors; and (iii) temporary anti-noise barriers or hoardings will be installed around the equipment to shield residences when there are residences, schools and hospitals within 50 m of the noise source;  For all the urban roads, there will be no nighttime (between 22:00 and 06:00 hours) construction;  For the JRT corridor, nighttime construction shall be avoided. Yet, recognizing that construction (e.g. JRT stations) occasionally would require some works to be conducted at night to take advantage of less road traffic or to avoid worsening daytime traffic conditions. Nighttime construction work on the JRT corridor if needed should prevent using high sound power level equipment and nearby residents should be notified of such nighttime activities well before hand.  Regularly monitor noise at sensitive areas (refer to the monitoring plan). If noise standards are exceeded by more than 3 dB, equipment and construction conditions shall be checked, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation;

 Provide the construction workers with suitable hearing protection (earmuffs) according to the worker health protection law of the PRC;  Control the speed of bulldozer, excavator, crusher and other transport vehicles travelling on site, adopt noise reduction measures on equipment, step up equipment repair and maintenance to keep them in good working condition;  Limit the speed of vehicles travelling on site (less than 8 km/hr), forbid the use of horns unless absolutely necessary, minimize the use of whistles;  Maintain continual communication with the villages and communities along the JRT corridor and NMT facilities improvement alignment.

83. Noise impacts during the construction stage would be of short duration. JRT corridor and NMT facilities improvement alignment constructions are linear activities. When a section is constructed and paved, the construction activities move on and away from nearby sensitive receptors. Potential sensitive receptors will therefore be exposed to short term, localized impacts. With the above mitigation measures in place, potential noise impacts during the construction stage would be reduced to acceptable levels.

4. Impacts on Water Quality and Mitigation Measures

84. Uncontrolled wastewater and muddy runoff from construction sites and work camps could potentially pollute nearby water bodies and clog up drains. Construction of the foundations of the Qingyuan Bus depot and other civil works could deteriorate water quality and increase suspended solid (SS) concentration in the fishpond (water bodies). Dredging in existing fishpond (water bodies) will also disturb the bottom sediment and increase SS concentration of the water. Dredging in the fishpond (water bodies)will be done in the dry and during the dry season (between October to March of the following year). Earth bunds will be constructed around the dredging location. The water flow will be diverted to outside the bunded area. The water within the bunded area will then be pumped out( into the drains system) and the sediment will be removed using an excavator, similar to earth moving works on land. During water pumping, the slurry could contain high levels of SS estimated by the EIR to be approximately 300-400 mg/L, which would affect water quality downstream.

85. The contractors will implement the following mitigation measures to prevent water pollution:  Portable toilets and small package wastewater treatment plants will be provided on construction sites for the workers and canteens. If there are nearby public sewers, interim storage tanks and pipelines will be installed to convey wastewater to those sewers;  Sedimentation tanks will be installed at construction sites to treat process water (e.g. concrete batching for pedestrian cross-over bridge construction) and muddy runoff with high concentrations of suspended solids. If necessary, flocculants such as polyacryl amide (PAM) will be used to facilitate sedimentation;  Dredging in fishpond(water bodies) will be done in the dry and during the dry season from October to March to minimize potential water quality impact.;  Construction machinery will be repaired and washed at designated locations. No onsite machine repair and washing shall be allowed;  Storage and refueling facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provided with 110% volume bunds and cleanup kits;  The contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed, follow proper protocol for

transferring fuel, and must be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88);  Material stockpiles will be protected against wind and runoff waters which might transport them to surface waters;  Any spills are to be cleaned up according to PRC norms and codes within 24 hours of the occurrence, with contaminated soils and water treated according to PRC norms and codes. Records must be handed over without delay to the JPMO and JEPB;  Mitigation of water quality impact during water pumping and sediment removal at each dredging location will be based on water quality monitoring results. The water quality monitoring approach at each dredging location will include one control station upstream of the location and one impact station downstream of the location. When the monitoring result shows that the SS level at the downstream impact station is 130% higher than that at the upstream control station, it is indicative of bottom sediment being stirred up and discharged downstream by water pumping or during sediment excavation. The contractor shall reduce the pumping or excavation rate and/or pump the slurry to a sedimentation pond first for settling of SS, until the downstream SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level;

86. Solid waste and earth work . Solid waste generated during construction will include C&D waste dominated by excavated spoil during earth works for the JRT corridor and NMT facilities improvement alignment constructions as well as domestic waste generated by construction workers on construction sites. If not properly disposed, such wastes will create community health and sanitation problems. The following mitigation measures will be implemented to manage earthworks:

 Spoil disposal site management and restoration plans will be developed, to be approved by JEPB; a protocol will be established between the contractors and Ji’an Cityscape Management Department to clarify the spoil quantity and a permit for the clearance of excavated earthwork shall be obtained;  Site restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance with all applicable standards and specifications will be required before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contracts.  Solid waste will be reused and recycled to a maximum extend. The rest will be disposed following the PRC regulations. Hazardous waste will be treated by a licensed hazardous waste treatment company.

5. Impacts on Ecology and Mitigation Measures

87. Protected species and Protected area. There is no protected species （ without any 100- year-old camphor trees ） and protected area( the fish pond is not located in any protected area) within the area of influence ascribed by JRT corridor and NMT facilities improvement alignment. Critical, natural and modified habitats. In view of the common and wide distribution of the habitats recorded in the area, there is no habitat within the project area of influence that is critical to any of these species. The natural woodlands are secondary woodlands dominated by common species, and there is no primary woodland in the project area of influence. Modified habitats in the project area of influence are dominated by constructed land and municipal public facilities.

6. Impact and Mitigation on Socio-economic Resources

88. Physical cultural resources . Should buried artifacts of archaeological significance be uncovered during the construction stage within the project areas, construction will be stopped and immediately report to the Ji’an Cultural Bureau in accordance with PRC’s Cultural Relics Protection Law for further actions.

89. Occupational Health and Safety . Due to its nature the construction industry is considered to be one of the most hazardous industries where a number of potentially hazardous operations are carried out. The civil works contractors will implement adequate precautions to protect the health and safety of construction workers. Contractors will manage occupational health and safety risks by applying the following measures:

 Construction site sanitation: (i) Each contractor shall provide adequate and functional systems for sanitary conditions, toilet facilities, waste management, labor dormitories and cooking facilities. Effectively clean and disinfect the site. Disinfect toilets and timely removal of solid waste; (ii) Exterminate rodents on site at least once every 3 months, and exterminate mosquitoes and flies at least twice each year; (iii) Provide public toilets in accordance with the requirements of labor management and sanitation departments in the living areas on construction site, and appoint designated staff responsible for cleaning and disinfection; (iv) Work camp wastewater shall be discharged into the municipal sewer system or treated on-site using a portable system.  Occupational safety: (i) Provide personal protective equipment (safety hats and shoes and high visibility vests) to all construction workers; (ii) Provide safety goggles and respiratory masks to workers doing asphalt road paving; (iii) Provide ear plugs to workers operating and working near noisy PME.  Food safety: (i) Inspect and supervise food hygiene in canteen on site regularly. Canteen workers must have valid health permits. If food poisoning is discovered, implement effective control measures immediately to prevent it from spreading.  Disease prevention, health services: The following disease prevention measures and health services will be undertaken: (i) All contracted labor shall undergo a medical examination which should form the basis of an (obligatory) health/accident insurance and welfare provisions to be included in the work contracts. The contractors shall maintain records of health and welfare conditions for each person contractually engaged; (ii) Establish health clinic at location where workers are concentrated, which should be equipped with common medical supplies and medication for simple treatment and emergency treatment for accidents; (iii) Specify (by the IA and contractors) the person responsible for health and epidemic prevention and education and training on food hygiene and disease prevention to raise the awareness of workers.  Social conflict prevention: No major social risks and/or vulnerabilities are anticipated as a result of the project. The project construction workers will be engaged locally. Civil works contracts will stipulate priorities to (i) employ local people for works, (ii) ensure equal opportunities for women and men, (iii) pay equal wages for work of equal value, and to pay women’s wages directly to them; and (iv) not employ child or forced labor.

90. Community Health and Safety . Temporary traffic diversions, continual generation of noise and dust on hauling routes, and general hindrance to local accesses and services are common impacts associated with construction works within or nearby local settlements.

91. The component may also contribute to road accidents, for example, through the use of heavy machinery on existing roads and temporarily blocking pavements for pedestrians. Although new urban roads are being constructed in the Western City Development Area, the

existing roads in the area are predominantly narrow rural roads and heavy construction traffic and large dump trucks travelling on these rural roads and through villages with pedestrians and no sidewalk would cause traffic congestion and risk of accidents. The potential impacts on community health and safety will be mitigated through a number of activities defined in the updated EMP.

92. The contractors will implement the following measures:

 Traffic management: A traffic control and operation plan will be prepared together with the Ji’an traffic police prior to any construction. The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at road crossings with an emphasis on ensuring public safety through clear signs, controls and planning in advance and needs to consider continued use of side walk by pedestrians during the works for bus stops, and etc.  Information disclosure: Residents and businesses will be informed in advance through media of the road improvement activities, given the dates and duration of expected disruption.  Construction sites: Clear signs will be placed at construction sites in view of the public, warning people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations etc. and raising awareness on safety issues. Heavy machinery will not be used after day light and all such equipment will be returned to its overnight storage area/position before night. All sites will be made secure, discouraging access by members of the public through appropriate fencing, signage and/or security personnel, as appropriate.

93. Utilities provision interruption. Construction may require relocation of municipal utilities such as power, water, communication cables. Temporary suspension of services (planned or accidental) can affect the economy, industries, businesses and residents’ daily life. Mitigation of impacts on utilities provision will be through a number of activities defined in the updated EMP, to be incorporated in the tender documents and construction contracts:

 Contractors will assess construction locations in advance for potential disruption to services and identify risks before starting construction. Any damage or hindrance/disadvantage to local businesses caused by the premature removal or insufficient replacement of public utilities is subject to full compensation, at the full liability of the contractor who caused the problem.  If temporary disruption is unavoidable, the contractor will, in collaboration with relevant local authorities such as power company, water supply company and communication company, develop a plan to minimize the disruption and communicate the dates and duration in advance to affected persons.  Construction billboards, which include construction contents, schedule, responsible person and complaint phone number, will be erected at each construction site.

F. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation Stage

94. Operation of the JRT and urban roads would cause air quality impacts from vehicle emissions and noise impacts from the road traffic. Based on the traffic volume predication and air quality dispersion modeling results, one-hour average NO 2 level from vehicle emissions is expected to exceed the Class II air quality standard in 2030 within 15-30 m from the roadside along some road sections including the JRT corridor. The EMP provides recommendations on

buffer distances for future development along the road corridors. Peak hour traffic noise along the roads is expected to exceed applicable noise standards at most of the existing sensitive receptors, especially at night. This report, based on the domestic project EIR, provides a variety of noise mitigation measures at specific sensitive receptor locations based on distances from the road and the extent of noise exceedance, consisting of direct measures (at noise source) of planting woodland buffer and indirect measures (at the receptor) such as provision of double glazed windows. Recommendations on buffer distances and mitigation measures for traffic noise for various types of sensitive uses (such as school, hospital) along these JRT roads for future developments are also provided. Noise levels will comply with the applicable standards with the implementation of these mitigation measures.

95. Main impacts on air quality will be from the exhaust emitted by motor vehicles travelling on the roads. Air pollutants in the exhaust include NO 2, CO, hydrocarbon (HC) and PM. Among these, the critical air pollutant is NO 2, meaning that if NO 2 complies with the applicable standard, other pollutants such as CO, HC and PM should also comply with their respective standards. Vehicle exhaust emissions contain GHGs which contribute to climate change. Noise impacts are due to traffic noise from vehicles travelling on the roads. Runoff from the roads into the road drainage system during rainfall could potentially affect the water quality of the receiving water bodies.

96. Air quality . Table 13 presents the air quality modeling results for NO 2 and CO in the project EIR based on daytime peak hour traffic flow in 2030, compared with GB 3095-2012 Class II standards. Both with and without JRT scenarios were modelled. The data showed that (i) NO 2 compliance would be achieved within 35 m of the road red line, (ii) CO compliance would be achieved at the road red line, (iii) both NO 2 and CO concentrations with the JRT scenario are lower than the respective concentrations without the JRT scenario. The modeling results demonstrate air quality improvement in terms of motor vehicle emissions with the implementation of JRT.

Table 13: Dispersion of Air Pollutants along the JRT Corridor in 2030 1-hr Average Concentration (mg/m 3) Distance from Road Red NO 2 CO Line (m) With JRT No JR T With JRT No JRT 5 0.360 0.474 3.875 4.563 10 0.307 0.361 2.954 3.477 35 0.145 0.161 1.320 1.554 50 0.108 0.125 1.023 1.205 100 0.060 0.069 0.566 0.666 3095-2012 Class II 0.2 10 Standards Note: data represented the highest concentration among 5 wind directions Source: Project EIR

97. Based on the degree of noise exceedance (if occurred), the proposed noise mitigation measures are presented in Table 14, consisting of installation of both regular and ventilated double-glazed windows, and planting of woodland buffer.

Table 14 : Operational Noise Mitigation Measures for Existing Sensitive Receptors along the JRT Corridor Noise Reduction No. Sensitive Receptor Mitigation Measure [dB(A)] 1 Jinggangshan University Install ventilated double-glazed window the road facing or Up to 10-15 井岗山大学附 Affiliated Hospital Plant woodland buffer 属医院 2 Ji’an City Center People’s Install ventilated double-glazed window the road facing or Up to 10- 15 吉安市中心人民医院 Hospital Plant woodland buffer

3 吉安三中 jianshanzhon-跃进路 Install double glazed window for the road facing or Plant Up to 10-15 yaojing Ave woodland buffer

4 第二医院 Dieryiyuan-大巷口路 Install ventilated double-glazed window for the road facing Up to 10-15 dahongke Ave or Plant woodland buffer

5 古南一小 gunanyixiao-大巷口路 Install ventilated double-glazed window for the road facing Up to 10- 15 dahongke Ave or Plant woodland buffer

6 吉师附小 jishifuxiao-鹭洲东路 Install ventilated double-glazed window for the road facing Up to 10-15 luzhou east Ave or Plant or Plant woodland buffer

7 吉安一中 jianyizhon-沿江路 Install ventilated double-glazed window for the road facing Up to 10-15 yanjiang Ave or Plant or Plant woodland buffer

8 市妇幼保健院 Install ventilated double-glazed window fo r the road facing Up to 10-15 shifuyoubaojianyuan-吉福路 Jifu or Plant or Plant woodland buffer Ave

9 吉安 4 中 jiansizhon-吉福路 Jifu Install ventilated double-glazed window for the road facing Up to10- 15 Ave or Plant or Plant woodland buffer 10 敦厚县立中学 Install ventilated double-glazed window for the road facing Up to 10-15 denhouxianlizhongxue-白云路 or Plant or Plant woodland buffer baiyunAve

11 阳光医院 yanguangyiyuan-君山 Install ventilated double-glazed window for the road facing Up to10- 15 大道 Junshan Ave or Plant or Plant woodland buffer

12 吉安县妇幼保健院 jiaanxian- Install ventilated double-glazed window for the road facing Up to10- 15 fuyoubaojianyuan or Plant or Plant woodland buffer

13 明德小学 mingdexiaoxue Install ventilated double-glazed wind ow for the road facing Up to10- 15 or Plant or Plant woodland buffer 14 吉安新一中 jianxinyizhon-阳明西路 Install ventilated double-glazed window for the road faci ng Up to 10-15 Yangmingwest Rd or Plant wide woodland buffer

98. Operation of the JRT and urban roads would generate vehicle emissions and road traffic noise. Mitigation measures for existing sensitive receptors and for future developments have been depicted in this report. The EMP includes requirements for the Design Institutes to specify energy efficient lighting and cooling/heating systems and materials that are recycled, have recycled content or are from sustainable sources, particularly for street furniture and fixtures/fittings.

V. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND GRM

A. Questionnaire Survey

99. Several rounds of questionnaire survey about the JRT and NMT were conducted by the PMO and Design Institute (Far East Mobility) in the recent 2 years. The public consultation information was provided below.

100. Public Transport--Surveys and data collection . Public transport surveys and data collection, carried out primarily in 2017, including:  Bus route mapping, with manual checks using smart phone GPS to map the routes where online information was out of date or missing. The bus route data was updated multiple times to reflect ongoing route changes.  On-bus counts of boarding & alighting passengers, for all routes.  Include bus speed surveys, with time recorded on paper and by a smartphone GPS App.  Bus stop counts of boarding & alighting passengers, especially for higher demand stops.  Inventory of all stops used by all routes, and mapping and coding in Google Earth.  The first round of public surveys, to be used as a baseline for comparison after the project is implemented was conducted in late April and early May 2017. Surveys were carried out for bus passengers (613 passengers interviewed) and for e-bike users (617 interviewed). The surveys were carried out in the central part of Jinggangshan Avenue, at the Renmin Square and Zhongshan intersection bus stops for bus passengers, and at nearby e-bike parking facilities for e-bike users as shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22.  Bus route frequency and visual occupancy counts.  A parking survey including inventory along the JRT corridor and occupancy rates throughout the day at selected locations.  Intersection turning movement and vehicle volume counts along the JRT corridor.

Figure 21 Survey of the bus passenger and e-bike users’ attitudes to public transport

Figure 22 Surveys of bus passengers

101. The main purpose of the surveys is to serve as a baseline for later comparison to the situation after the new JRT service has commenced. The surveys also revealed some useful information on the current situation including the surrounding environmental quality.

102. Pedestrian perceptions around Renmin Square. A questionnaire was done between 10AM and 4PM of pedestrians around Renmin Square on 5, 6 and 7 December 2018. 55% of the pedestrians arrive by two-wheelers or on foot, one third by private cars, and only 8.3% by bus (Figure 23).

Figure 23 Mode of travel to Renmin Square

103. Nearly 70% of the people thought that more seating on sidewalks was needed. More than half of the people thought that crossing the street was unsafe and inconvenient, suggesting large scope for improvement to pedestrian facilities in the central area. The questionnaire result is provided Figure 24.

Figure 24 Evaluation of sidewalks around the Renmin Square

104. In terms of suggested improvements, the survey showed that 90% of the people think that there were too many motor vehicles around the Square, and 82% think that the traffic congestion around the Square was serious.

105. For the improvement of the surrounding sidewalks, more than half of the people think that the parking of e-bikes should be improved, the safety of crossing the street should be improved, and the space of the sidewalks should be increased.

106. Traffic counts showed that the maximum motor vehicle flow in the peak hour of the road around the Square does not exceed 600 passenger car units (PCU)/hour, a volume which can comfortably be accommodated in by one lane. Two-way peak hour car traffic volumes around the square are:  568 PCU/hour in Renmin Square North Road.  352 PCU/hour in Renmin Square East Road.  348 PCU/hour in Renmin Square South Road.

107. It is proposed by the design agency that redistributing the road space around the Square will improve the NMT environment and traffic organization, and the landscape and commercial environment in the central area, while still comfortably accommodate traffic volumes.

108. The proposed measures to improve pedestrian facilities, sound environmental condition and landscape around the Square are listed in Figure 24, with improvements on e-bike parking, improved crossing safety and additional crossings proposed by more than 50% of respondents. The other measures were also strongly supported, including 44% proposing to ban e-bike riding on sidewalks. Only landscaping improvements were less supported, proposed by only 29% of respondents, which is understandable given that landscape around the Square and in the central area is already quite attractive.

109. All of these issues occurred in the JRT and NMT component design, including e-bike parking, pedestrian crossing improvements and safer crossings are part of the design improvements in the central area under the JRT and NMT component.

110. Public consultation conducted during this IEE preparation. The consultation and participation was conducted during project preparation by means of a public consultation meeting and questionnaire survey.

111. First round of public consultation. Public consultation and participation meeting was held on 23 September 2019 organized by the PMO. 60 people attended, including representatives from the affected areas (mainly from communities, hospitals, government departments, shops and enterprises nearby the subproject and which might potentially be impacted by dust and noise). The meeting discussed the scope of the subproject and IEE preparation, potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures during construction and operation and next steps. ADB’s environmental safeguard requirements with an emphasis on the implementation of the EMP and GRM during project implementation were also discussed.

Figure 25 Public Consultation Meeting, 23 September 2019

112. Second round public consultation. The second round of public consultation was undertaken in the form of a questionnaire survey, in September 2019. 62 questionnaires were distributed and 100% were collected.

Figure 26 Questionnaire Survey, September 2019

113. Figure below presents a sample completed questionnaire, Table 15 presents a translated version of the questionnaire. The summary data on questionnaire respondents and the public consultation questionnaire results are listed in Tables 16 and 17 respectively.

Sample Completed Project Public Consultation Questionnaire

Table 15 Translation of the Public Consultation Questionnaire Name Sex Age Education Occupation Nationality level Question Choices Yes Comments 1. In your opinion, what are the major Ambient air environment pollution issues in Noise your areas? Surface water Ground water Soil Solid waste Odor Risks associated with chemicals and hazardous chemicals Other concern 2. Distance between your working <1 km place and project site 1-3 km 3-5 km > 5km 3. Distance between your house and <1 km project site 1-3 km 3-5 km > 5km 4. Do you know this project before Yes this public consultation? No 5. Do you understand environment Yes impacts of this project before this No public consultation? Not clear 6. After knowing about the EIA Clearly understand findings, are all the potential Somewhat understand positive and adverse impacts of Barely understand the proposed project components Do not understand clear to you? 7. In your opinion, what should be Exhaust air efficiency treatment the most critical area that the Controlling fugitive emissions project should focus on? Wastewater treatment Groundwater protection Soil protection Chemicals handling Odor control Make use of recyclable resources to reduce solid waste Noise disturbing to residents Protection for community health and safety Protection to workers health and safety Others 8. Do you understand the potential Clearly understand adverse impacts during the Somewhat understand construction of the proposed Barely understand project components? Do not understand 9. What do you think about the Necessary project construction? Do you think Barely necessary it is necessary? Not necessary It does not matter 10. What would be the major impacts Noise during project construction? Dust Solid waste Traffic congestion Others

No major impacts 11. Without mitigation measures, do Accept you accept anticipated Barely accept construction phase impacts? Do not accept Have no idea 12. After learning about mitigation Accept measures during the construction, Barely accept do you accept anticipated Do not accept construction phase impacts? Have no idea 13. Do you agree with project Yes construction after comprehensive No consideration? I do not know 14. Do you understand all the Clearly understand anticipated environmental adverse Somewhat understand impacts of the project during Barely understand operation? Do not understand 15. Do you understand all the Clearly understand anticipated health and safety Somewhat understand adverse impacts of the project Barely understand during operation? Do not understand 16. Do you understand the proposed Clearly understand mitigation measures during the Somewhat understand project operation? Barely understand Do not understand 17. Do you accept the impacts to Accept ambient air quality by this project? Barely accept Do not accept Have no idea 18. Do you accept the impacts to Accept surface water quality by this Barely accept project? Do not accept Have no idea 19. Do you accept the impacts to Accept ground water quality by this Barely accept project? Do not accept Have no idea 20. Do you accept the impacts to Accept acoustic environment quality by Barely accept this project? Do not accept Have no idea 21. Do you accept the solid waste Accept pollution by this project? Barely accept Do not accept Have no idea 22. Do you accept the impacts to Accept ecological environment by this Barely accept project? Do not accept Have no idea 23. Do you accept environment, Accept health, and safety risks caused by Barely accept this project? Do not accept Have no idea 24. What are the major concerns of Ambient air this project Noise Surface water Ground water Soil Solid waste Odor

Risks associated with chemicals and hazardous chemicals Other concern 25. Which is your top concern of this Ambient air project? Noise Surface water Ground water Soil Solid waste Odor Risks associated with chemicals and hazardous chemicals Other concern 26. Do you support the project? Yes No I do not know

Table 16 Summary data on questionnaire respondents Parameter Indicator No. %

Male 69 62 Sex Female 43 38

Below 30 15 13 31-40 34 30 Age 41-50 51 46 Above 50 12 11 Han people 111 99 Nationality Other 1 1

Primary School or Below 2 2

Junior school 32 29 Education Level High school, including technical secondary 45 40 school Bachelor degree or above, including junior 33 29 college

Farmer 2 2

Occupation Employee 56 50 Civil servant 6 5 Other 48 43

Table 17 Public consultation questionnaire results % (shading denotes Question Item No. highest ranked) Ambient air 58 52

Noise 57 51

Surface water 23 21

Ground water 29 26 1. In your opinion, what are the major environment pollution issues in your Soil 12 11 areas? Solid waste 18 16

Odor 8 7 Risks associated with chemicals and 6 5 hazardous chemicals

Other concern 0 0

<1 km 1 1

1-3 km 15 13 2. Distance between your working place and project site 3-5 km 38 34

> 5km 58 52

<1 km 1 1

1-3 km 10 9 3. Distance between your house and project site 3-5 km 40 36

> 5km 61 54

Yes 76 68 4. Do you know this project before this public consultation? No 36 32

Yes 59 53 5. Do you understand environment impacts of this project before this public No 32 29 consultation? Not clear 21 19

Clearly understand 18 16 6. After this public consultation, are all the potential positive and adverse impacts of Somewhat understand 53 47 the proposed project components clear to you? Barely understand 27 24

Do not understand 14 13

Exhaust air efficiency treatment 57 51

Controlling fugitive emissions 29 26

Wastewater treatment 43 38

Groundwater protection 28 25

Soil protection 15 13

7. In your opinion, what should be the most Chemicals handling 11 10 critical area that the project should focus on? Odor control 16 14

Make use of recyclable resources to 15 13 reduce solid waste

Noise disturbing to residents 42 38 Protection for community health and 21 19 safety

Protection to workers health and safety 23 21

Others 0 0

Clearly understand 22 20

8. Do you understand the potential adverse Somewhat understand 48 43 impacts during the construction of the proposed project? Barely understand 23 21

Do not understand 19 17

Necessary 102 91

9. What do you think about the project Barely necessary 5 4 construction? Do you think it is necessary? Not necessary 2 2

It does not matter 3 3

Noise 40 36

Dust 58 52

Solid waste 15 13 10. What would be the major impacts during project construction? Traffic congestion 26 23

Others 5 4

No major impacts 3 3

Accept 52 46

11. Without mitigation measures, do you Barely accept 45 40 accept anticipated construction phase impacts? Do not accept 13 12

Have no idea 2 2

Accept 61 54

12. After learning about mitigation measures Barely accept 46 41 during the construction, do you accept anticipated construction phase impacts? Do not accept 3 3

Have no idea 2 2

Yes 106 95 13. Do you agree with project construction No 4 4 after comprehensive consideration? I do not know 2 2

Clearly understand 29 26

14. Do you understand all the anticipated Somewhat understand 39 35 environmental adverse impacts of the project during operation? Barely understand 37 33

Do not understand 7 6

Clearly understand 20 18

15. Do you understand all the anticipated Somewhat understand 41 37 health and safety adverse impacts of the project during operation? Barely understand 38 34

Do not understand 13 12

Clearly understand 25 22

16. Do you understand the proposed Somewhat understand 47 42 mitigation measures during the project operation? Barely understand 28 25

Do not understand 12 11

Accept 87 78

Barely accept 17 15 17. Do you accept the impacts to ambient air quality by this project? Do not accept 7 6

Have no idea 1 1

Accept 92 82

Barely accept 10 9 18. Do you accept the impacts to surface water quality by this project? Do not accept 10 9

Have no idea 0 0

Accept 90 80

Barely accept 14 13 19. Do you accept the impacts to ground water quality by this project? Do not accept 7 6

Have no idea 1 1

Accept 84 75

Barely accept 19 17 20. Do you accept the impacts to acoustic environment quality by this project? Do not accept 8 7

Have no idea 1 1

Accept 87 78

Barely accept 17 15 21. Do you accept the solid waste pollution by this project? Do not accept 6 5

Have no idea 2 2

Accept 90 80

Barely accept 14 13 22. Do you accept the impacts to ecological environment by this project? Do not accept 6 5

Have no idea 2 2

Accept 90 80

Barely accept 15 13 23. Do you accept environment, health, and safety risks caused by this project? Do not accept 6 5

Have no idea 1 1

Ambient air 67 60 24. What are the major concerns of this Noise 55 49 project

Surface water 22 20

Ground water 21 19

Soil 13 12

Solid waste 19 17

Odor 9 8 Risks associated with chemicals and 8 7 hazardous chemicals

Other concern 3 3

Ambient air 76 68

Noise 45 40

Surface water 22 20

Ground water 24 21

25. Which is your top concern of this project? Soil 12 11

Solid waste 17 15

Odor 7 6 Risks associated with chemicals and 10 9 hazardous chemicals

Other concern 0 0

Yes 112 100

26. Do you support the project? No 0 0

I do not know 0 0

114. As Table above shows that a number of participants (32%) were not aware of the project. However, prior to questionnaire distribution, the project scope and its environmental impacts were introduced to the participants, so they have a much better understanding of the project after the meeting and survey. Most participants (68%) concerned about ambient air while other participants concerned about noise (40%), ground water (21%), surface water (20%), solid waste (15%), soil (11%), risks associated with chemicals and hazardous chemicals (9%), and odor (6%). Overall, 100% of the respondents expressed support to the subproject.

B. Grievance redress mechanism (GRM)

115. Public participation, consultation and information disclosure undertaken as part of the local EIA process and as part of the concept design for the JRT and NMT component, assessment and development of resettlement plans, and consultations undertaken by the project consultants have discussed and addressed major community concerns. Continued public participation and consultation have been emphasized as a key component of successful project implementation. As a result of this public participation and safeguard assessment during

the initial stages of the Project and during the JRT and NMT component concept design stage, major issues of grievance are not expected. However, unforeseen issues may occur. To settle such issues effectively, a transparent grievance redress mechanism (GRM) for lodging complaints and grievances has been defined for environment and social related issues.

116. The GRM has been designed to help achieve the following objectives: (i) open channel for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the project; (ii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by project construction and operations; (iii) improve mutual trust and respect and promote productive relationships with local communities; and (iv) build community acceptance of the project.

117. The JPMO have established a complaints center with hotline for receiving both environmental and resettlement grievances. The details of the GRM are described in the updated EMP and were also explained during public consultation with the participants of the public forum. The GRM will be operational prior to commencement of construction works.

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

118. An EMP has been prepared for the Project. It provided the mechanism of implementation of mitigation and monitoring measures. The EMP defines mitigation measures and describes the involved institutions and mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of the mitigation measures. Such institutions and mechanisms seek to ensure continuous improvement of environmental protection activities during preconstruction, construction, and operation of the Project in order to prevent, reduce, or mitigate adverse impacts. The EMP have been reviewed and updated (Appendix 1) at the end of the detailed design in order to be consistent with the final detailed design of the JRT and NMT component.

VII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

E. Expected Project Benefits

119. This project-component will directly benefit a population of 550,000 in the Jizhou and Qingyuan Districts in Ji’ an, as well as a future population of 300,000 in the Western City Development Area.

120. The project-component will improve public transport, pedestrian facilities, non-motorized transport and road safety through the provision of a JRT and NMT system. The JRT will improve traffic flow on Jinggangshan Avenue and will be an important connection for feeder buses from the existing railway station and the planned high-speed railway station and the JRT corridor and NMT alignment Areas.

F. Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures

121. During construction, potential impacts mainly relate to earthwork on land surface paving, JRT depots and stopes construction, and NMT facilities construction. The component may have soil erosion, air quality, noise, wastewater, solid waste and occupational and community health and safety impacts. Potential air quality impact may occur due to fugitive dust generated on the construction site from stockpiles of uncovered earth materials and vehicles travelling on unpaved haul roads, as well as fumes from asphalt cement during land surface paving. The use of powered mechanical equipment during construction activities will generate noise. Earthwork and construction activities will remove vegetation and ecological habitats, causing disruption and disturbance to nearby biota and roadside greening belt. Construction works will produce C&D wastes including excavated earth materials. Workers will face occupational health and safety issues working on construction sites. Good housekeeping and effective mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce these impacts to acceptable levels. The temporary land take areas for construction staging areas, haul roads and borrow pits will be vegetated and landscaped upon completion of the construction stage.

122. Ecological surveys showed that the flora and fauna in the component area of influence are common species. There are no protected areas or physical cultural resource within the component area of influence.

123. Operation of the JRT and NMT would generate vehicle emissions, road traffic noise, and waste and wastewater from the Bus Depots. Mitigation measures for existing sensitive receptors and for future developments have been depicted in this report and the updated EMP. The updated EMP includes requirements for the Design agency (Far East Mobility) to specify energy efficient lighting and cooling/heating systems and materials that are recycled, have recycled content or are from sustainable sources, particularly for street fixtures/fittings.

124. Based on information gathered and assessments in the IEE, it is concluded that environmental impacts during the construction and operational stages of the project-component would be acceptable and in compliance with that PRC regulations and standards and ADB’s SPS 2009 if the Project EMP and updated EMP are implemented and monitored diligently. The original EMP and the updated EMP define mitigation measures and monitoring requirements for the design, construction, and operational stages of the component. Appropriate environmental safeguards for the planned works are proposed and form part of a comprehensive set of this

component management documents.

G. Risks and Assurances

125. The Component has no unusual technical risks and conventional engineering designs as proven reliability and performance will be adopted for all the components. From an environment safeguards point of view, the main risk relates to the failure of the JPMO, JMUCIDC and O&M units to monitor environmental impacts and implement the Project EMP and the updated EMP during construction and operational stages. This risk will be mitigated by (i) providing training in environmental management under the Project; (ii) appointing qualified project implementation consultants, (iii) following appropriate project implementation monitoring and mitigation arrangements, (iv) ADB conducting regular project reviews; and (v) project assurances covenanted in the loan and project agreement with ADB.

126. General and specific environmental project assurances are required to ensure that the component can achieve its envisaged outcome. Para 114 and Para 115 define the assurances that will be included in the loan and project agreements.

127. General environmental assurances . JMG will ensure and cause the IA to ensure that the preparation, design, construction, implementation, operation, maintenance, monitoring and decommissioning of the project-component and project facilities comply with (i) all applicable laws and regulations of the Government environment, health, and safety; (ii) the Environmental Safeguards (i.e. principles and requirements set forth in ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009); and (ii) all measures and requirements set forth in the domestic environmental impact reports (EIR), this EIA and environmental management plan (EMP) and the updated EMP for the project-this component; and any corrective or preventive actions (a) set forth in a safeguards monitoring report, or (b) which are subsequently agreed between ADB and the Government. JMG will cause the IA to prepare, at the outset of component implementation, detailed internal monitoring programs to be implemented by the contractors during construction and operation phases, and to incorporate such mitigation and monitoring measures into the design of components, relevant bidding documents and construction contracts. Throughout project-this component implementation, JMG and the IA will review any changes to the project-this component design that may potentially cause negative environmental impacts, and in consultation with ADB, EIA and original EMP and updated EMP by revising mitigation measures as necessary to assure full environmental compliance.

128. JMG and JMUCIDC will ensure that sufficient resources and full-time personnel are provided for monitoring EMP and the updated EMP implementation, under the guidance of JEPD, and making appropriate use of external independent environmental monitoring centers. JMG will ensure that JMUCIDC is obliged to provide semi-annual environmental monitoring reports throughout the construction period to the JPMO, which will in turn prepare and submit to ADB semi-annual environmental monitoring reports in a format acceptable to ADB.

H. Overall Conclusion

125. The domestic planning and design agency (Far East Mobility) of this component and this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) conclude that all identified environmental impacts can be mitigated to acceptable levels if the measures defined in the Project EMP and updated EMP and assurances are carefully implemented and monitored. The component is feasible from an environmental safeguards point of view and will contribute to significant urban sustainable environment development.

Appendix 1 Updated Environmental Management Plan for the New Component

J. Introduction

147. This is an updated EMP for the Jiangxi Ji’an Sustainable Urban Transport Project (the Project) due to the scope change the Project. A new Ji’an Reliable Transit and MNT Improvement (JRT) component will be included in the Project scope while the BRT corridor component will be dropped due to public opposition. The EMP identifies the potential environmental impacts and defines mitigation measures and monitoring requirements for the design, construction, and operational stages of the Project. It also defines the institutional arrangements and mechanisms, the roles and responsibilities of different institutions, procedures and budgets for implementation of the EMP. The updated EMP seeks to ensure environmental protection activities during preconstruction, construction, and operation in order to prevent, reduce, or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and risks. The updated EMP draws on the findings of the domestic Project EIA and the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the JRT component, the domestic Environmental Impact Reports (EIR), Soil and Water Conservation Plan (SWCP), the Project Preparation Technical Assistance (PPTA) reports, the Ji’an Reliable Transit and NMT Improvement Concept Design document and discussions and agreements with relevant government agencies and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

148. This EMP is based on proposed project designs as of December 2013. Detailed engineering designs are yet to be finalized and may require subsequent impact assessment and/or revisions to this EMP. The Ji’an Municipal Government (JMG) will provide the detailed designs to ADB for review to determine if the EMP requires revision. The final EMP will be disclosed on the ADB public website (www.adb.org) and included in the Project Administration Manual (PAM). The final EMP will also be included as a separate annex in all bidding and contract documents. The contractors will be informed of their obligations to implement the EMP, and to include EMP implementation costs in their bids for project works.

149. This EMP includes an environmental monitoring program. The monitoring results will be used to evaluate (i) the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts, (ii) the performance of the environmental protection measures and compliance with relevant laws and regulations, (iii) trends of impacts, and (iv) overall effectiveness of the EMP.

K. Institutional arrangements and responsibilities for EMP implementation

150. As Executing Agency (EA), the Ji’an Municipal Government (JMG) will be responsible for the overall implementation and compliance with loan assurances and the EMP (including Environmental Monitoring Plan).

151. Ji’an Project Leading Group (JPLG). The JPLG has been established for the project comprising of senior officials from relevant government agencies, to facilitate inter-agency coordination, and to resolve any institutional problems affecting project implementation at a municipal level.

152. The EA has established the Ji’an Project Management Offices (JPMO), who are responsible, on behalf of the EA, for the day-to-day management of the project. The JPMO has the overall responsibility to supervise the implementation of environment mitigation and

monitoring measures, coordinate the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and report to ADB. JPMO has (i) appointed at least one environmental specialist on its staff to coordinate and manage EMP implementation, (ii) contracted the Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station (JEMS) to conduct environmental impact monitoring during the construction stage, (iii) engaged the loan implementation consultants (LIC) services, (iv) contracted an external Environmental Supervision Engineer (ESE) to conduct independent verification of EMP implementation and environmental impact monitoring results during the construction and operational stages of the project, and (iv) supervised the procurement process. The JPMO environmental specialist has (i) supervised contractors and their compliance with the EMP; (ii) conducted regular site inspections; (iii) acted as local entry point for the project GRM; (iv) submitted environmental impact monitoring results provided by the JEMS to the JPMO and JEPB for verification and confirmation. JPMO prepared quarterly project progress reports and semi-annual environment monitoring reports and submitted them to ADB.

153. Implementing Agency (IA). The Ji’an Municipal Urban Construction Investment and Development Co., Ltd (JMUCIDC) is the IA for the project. It will hire the technical engineering design institutes (DI), implement project components, administer and monitor contractors and suppliers, and be responsible for construction supervision and quality control. To ensure that the contractors comply with the EMP provisions, JMUCIDC with the help and technical support of a Tendering Agent and the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) under the LIC services, will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental management and monitoring requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals; (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions; and (iii) major items in the EIA, and the full EMP.

154. Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures during construction under the supervision of JMUCIDC (through the ESE) and JPMO. In their bids, contractors will be required to respond to the environmental management and monitoring requirements defined in the EMP. Each contractor will be required to develop site specific EMPs and will assign a person responsible for environment, health and safety. After project completion, environmental management responsibilities will be handed over to O&M units.

155. O&M Units. During the operational phase, JMUCIDC and the JEPB will periodically verify and monitor (through a licensed monitoring entity) the environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures by the operators (O&M Units) of the project components. The cost of mitigation measures in this phase will be borne by the relevant O&M Units.

156. Loan Implementation Environnemental Consultant (LIEC). Under the loan implementation consultancy (LIC) services, a LIEC will support the project. Terms of reference for this external environmental monitoring consultant is provided in the Project Administration Manual. The LIEC will be contracted by the JPMO, and will:

EMP during detailed design or project implementation (for example if there is a minor or major scope change) that would result in adverse environmental impacts;  assist the JMG and JPMO to provide training for the JPMO and GRM access points (including, but not limited to, JMUCIDC and contractors);  conduct regular EMP compliance assessments, undertake site visits as required, identify any environment-related implementation issues, and propose and oversee implementation of necessary corrective actions;  assist the JPMO to prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring and progress reports to ADB;  provide training to JPMO, JMUCIDC, O&M units and contractors on environmental laws, regulations and policies, SPS 2009, EMP implementation, and GRM in accordance with the training plan defined in the EMP (Table 7); and  assist the JPMO and JMUCIDC in conducting consultation meetings with relevant stakeholders as required, informing them of imminent construction works, updating them on the latest project development activities, GRM.

157. Environmental Supervision Engineer (ESE) . The environment performance of the project will be verified by an independent ESE, to be contracted by JPMO. The ESE will review EMP implementation and monitoring activities and results, assess EMP implementation performance, visit the project sites and consult potentially affected people, discuss assessment with the JPMO and JMUCIDC; and suggest corrective actions. The ESE will prepare monthly reports for submission to JPMO which will be reviewed by the JPMO during the preparation of the quarterly project progress reports for ADB and by the LIEC during the preparation of the semi-annual environment monitoring reports for ADB.

158. Overall environmental responsibilities are outlined in Table EMP-1.

Table 1: Environmental responsibilities Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility Project Design Institutes on  Prepare feasibility study reports (FSR), environmental impact preparation behalf of JPMO report (EIR), soil and water conservation report (SWCR), resettlement plan (RP) if needed JPMO  Review the FSRs, EIRs, SWCR and RP.  Engage a staff environmental specialist JEPB  Review and approve the EIR JPWRB  Review and approve the SWCR PPTA consultant  Provide technical assistance  Review domestic EIR  Conduct environmental due diligence  Prepare project environmental impact assessment (EIA) report and environmental management plan (EMP) ADB  Review and approve the EIA and EMP, and updated EMP, and disclose on ADB website Detailed design Design Institutes on  Incorporate mitigation measures defined in the EMP and behalf of JPMO updated EMP into engineering detailed designs JPMO  Review mitigation measures defined in the EMP and updated EMP, update where necessary based on detailed design  Engage the independent Environmental Supervision Engineer (ESE).  Engage the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) under the Loan Implementation Consulting Services

Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility ESE and LIEC  Review detailed design to ensure inclusion of relevant mitigation measures  Assist JPMO in updating the EMP where necessary ADB  Approve the EMP and updated EMP and disclose on ADB website Tendering, JPMO  Incorporate EMP clauses into tender documents contracting and  Commission JEMS for internal environmental quality pre-construction monitoring during the construction phase  Establish the project grievance redress mechanism with a complaint center and hotline ESE  Review tender documents to ensure inclusion of EMP clauses  Review contractor’s method statements on implementation of mitigation measures LIEC  Review tender documents to ensure inclusion of EMP clauses  Conduct training for the staff from JPMO, IA, O&M units and contractors on environmental management, environmental monitoring and EMP implementation Contractors  Prepare and submit tenders for the construction contracts, to include staffing and costs for environmental management to comply with the EMP  Prepare method statements on implementation of mitigation measures. ADB  Review bid documents and confirm project’s readiness Construction IA  Develop project management procedures, implementation plan, and financial management  Approve contractor’s method statements on implementation of mitigation measures  Undertake day-to-day project and EMP implementation activities for all infrastructure components  Administer and monitor the contractors and suppliers  Supervise EMP implementation to ensure compliance by contractors JPMO  Coordinate with all involved agencies, departments, and institutes for project implementation  Coordinate the project level grievance redress mechanism  Conduct public consultations as indicated in the EMP  Supervise EMP implementation  Prepare project documents and report to JMG, JPLG and ADB  Submit withdrawal applications and supporting documents to ADB  Submit project implementation progress reports and safeguards monitoring reports to ADB  Submit all procurement and disbursement documents to ADB for necessary approval  Disclose project-related information and documents in accordance with ADB requirements JEMS  Conduct internal environmental quality monitoring in accordance with the EMP  Recommend additional environmental quality monitoring when needed  Prepare and submit monitoring results to JPMO, IA and JEPB monthly

Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility ESE  Conduct external compliance monitoring of EMP implementation  Review internal environmental quality monitoring data collected by JEMS  Prepare monthly environmental monitoring reports  Advise on mitigation measures when needed  Assist JPMO and IA in preparing monthly and quarterly project progress reports  Support LIEC with preparation of semi-annual environmental monitoring reports LIEC  Conduct compliance monitoring of EMP implementation  Assist JPMO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports for submission to ADB  Prepare environmental completion report for ADB JEPB  Conduct periodic and random inspections of all construction projects relative to compliance with PRC regulations and standards ADB  Review semi-annual environmental monitoring reports  Undertake review missions Operation O&M units  Operate and maintain the project facilities  Engage JEMS in conducting environmental quality monitoring during the operational phase IA  Coordinate and supervise EMP implementation JEMS  Conduct internal environmental monitoring for the first year of operation according to the EMP ADB  Conduct project completion review  Review, approve and post semi-annual EMP implementation reports on ADB project website Notes : ADB = Asian Development Bank; ESE = environmental supervision engineer; IA = Implementing Agency; JEMS = Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station; JEPB = Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau; JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; JPWRB = Jiangxi Provincial Water Resource Bureau; LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant; O&M = operation and maintenance; PPTA = project preparation technical assistance

L. Summary of potential impacts and mitigation measures

159. Potential environmental issues and impacts during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases, and corresponding mitigation measures, are summarized in Table 2. These include two types of mitigation measures:

(iii) Measures that will permanently become part of the infrastructure such as landscape planting, road signage and markings should be included within the main civil work contract cost are not double counted as part of the EMP costs. The only exception for this project is $247,000 for the provision of traffic noise mitigation measures consisting of planting woodland buffers and installing regular and ventilated double-glazed windows.

(iv) Temporary EMP measures during the construction stage (e.g. dust suppression by watering, use of quiet / low noise powered mechanical equipment, flocculants used to facilitate sedimentation of suspended solids in construction site runoff, etc.) will need to be included in the tender documents to ensure that contractors include in their budgets. 160. The mitigation measures defined in the EMP will be (i) checked and where necessary re- designed by the design institutes and the EMP subsequently updated; (ii) incorporated into

tender documents (where appropriate), construction contracts, and operational management plans; and (iii) implemented by contractors and IAs under supervision of JPMO. The effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated based on the results of the environmental impact monitoring conducted by JEMS, and through EMP compliance verification conducted by the ESE and LIEC.

Table 2: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds Detailed Design Stage Conservati Soil Loss of land and  Minimize permanent and EMP -updated Design JPMO Included in on of resources topsoil and increased EMP land take for development. Institute design natural risk of erosion  Retain/incorporate landscape features contract resources of interest in design.  Opt imize balance between cut and fill and avoid deep cuts and high embankments to minimize earthworks.  Maximize reuse of spoil within the construction or adjacent construction works.  Agree spoil disposal sites, management and rehabilitation plan with local En vironment Protection Bureau and the Cityscape Department  Remove and store topsoil (10-30cm) for restoration works prior to main earthworks.  Specify vegetation that serves sp ecific bioengineering functions.  Design appropriate drainage systems for slopes to reduce soil erosion. Materials Efficient use of  Specify energy efficient lighting and resources cooling/heating systems.  Specify materials that are recycled, have recycled content or are from sustainable sources, particularly for street furniture and fixtures/fittings.  Specify the use of renewable energy (such as photovoltaic panels) for stations, signs, lighting, where appropriate.  Specify grey water collection and water conservation, where possible Design of Extreme Landslide and  Co nsider p otential impacts from Design JPMO Included in

Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds road weather flooding due to extreme weather events due to climate Institute design alignment, event due to torrential rainfall change in desig ning road subgrade, contract road climate pavement, road-side slopes, drainage surface, change system, bridges and culverts. drainage,  Adopt appropriate protective measures flood such as vegetation cover, geotextiles, control and settling basins , permeable paving, lighting infiltration ditches, stepped slopes, riprap, crib wall s, retaining walls and intercepting ditches to reduce the speed of surface run-off.  Take account of recommendations made in Climate Risk and Vulnerability Analysis study to adopt th e high emissions scenario climate change projections as the basis of design for drainage components that would be difficult to replace or repair. Ecolog y Loss of camphor trees  Technical design of the urban road Design JPM O Includ ed in (under national Class II alignments will avoid the removal of Institute design protection) (see Figure these trees as the primary objective. contract IV.5 in the EIA report)  If avoidance is not possible, design replanting schemes for these trees. Physical Preservation of old  Technical design of the urban road alignments Design JPMO Included in cultural camphor trees (if MUST avoid all locations with old camphor if Institute design resource identified at identified at construction stage . contract construction stage) Health and Promotion of non-  Design must ensure public health and Design JPMO Included in safet y motorized transport, safety. Institute design protection of vulnerable  Promote non-motorized traffic. contract road user s  Ensure barrier-free design for disabled people. Air Const ruction  Specify local materials from licensed Design JPMO Included in emissions transport emissions providers that minimize transport Institute design distance. contract

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds Noise Road traffic noise  Technical design of urban roads will Design JPMO Included in include the planting of road-sid e Institute design woodland buffer for noise mitigation as contract indicated in the project Environmental Impact Report and Tables V.8 and V.11 in the EIA report Water quality Polluted run -off into  Te chnical design of urban road Design JPMO Included in Qingyuan Bus depot drainage to ensure that drainage design Institute design fishpond and discharge locations minimize risk of contract pollution of Qingyuan Bus depot fishpond. Need for pollution interceptors and treatment should be considered. Ecology Loss of natural  Retain and incorporate natural habitat Desi gn JPMO Included in habitats features and create new habitats that Institute design incorporate require ments of species of contract conservation value that have been identified in project area of influence . Ecologist to review and provide specialist inputs into the design of the riverside park.  Adopt soft engineered bankside protection methods where possible.  Spec ify species that are in keeping with Design of local environment and are of l ocal Riverside provenance. Park Water quality Dumping of waste  Ensure adequate provision of waste Design JPMO Inc luded in and waste and run-off management facilities away from the Institute design management river that provide options for waste contract segregation, recycling and reuse.  Se gregate green waste (vegetation waste from park maintenance) from general refuse for composting.  Provide drainage for car park and other areas of hard standing and ensu re that attenuation and discharge points are appropriate.

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds Underground Impact to the existing  Ensure adequate provisions of JRT Design JPMO Included in utilities underground utilities facility away from the existing Institute design Design of underground utilities that provide contract Pedestrian options for protectio n on the existing Bridge at underground utilities (such as Renmin communication cables, power lines, Square rainwater and sewage pipes). 289. Pre -construction Stage Institutional - Lack of  Appoint qualified environment specialist JPMO ADB JMG strengtheni environmental on staff within the JPMO ng management  Contract loan implementation capacities within environment consultant (LIEC) w ithin JPMO, JMUCIDC loan administration consultant services; and O&M units Conduct environment management training. - Lack of  Contract Ji’an Environmental Monitoring JPMO ADB JPMO environmental Station (JEMS) to conduct project monitoring capability impact monitoring during construction. and qualification  Contract JEMS to conduct project O&M units JPMO O&M units impact monito ring during the operational stage. EMP - -  Review mitigation measures defined in JPMO, LIEC ADB JPMO, this EMP, update as required to reflect Loan detailed design, dis close updated EMP implement on project and ADB website. ation TA Tender Air quality Dust (TSP) impact Put into tender documents dust Des ign JPMO; Included in documents on sensitive suppression measures: Institute LIEC tendering receptors  Provide dust masks to operating agency personnel; contract  Spray water regularly on hauling and access roads to borrow pits ( at least once a day) to suppress dust; and erect hoarding around dusty activities;  Minimize the storage time of construction and demolition wastes on

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds site by regularly removing them off sit e;  Equip asphalt, hot mix and batching plants with fabric filters a nd/or wet scrubbers t o reduce the level of dust emissions. Additionally, site asphalt mixing stations at least 300 meters downwind of the nearest residential households and 500 meters from water bodies;  Mount protective canvases on all trucks which transport material that coul d generate dust;  Build access and hauling roads at sufficient distances from residential areas, particular, from local schools and hospitals;  Assign haulage routes and schedules to avoid transport occurring in the central areas, traffic intensive area s or residential areas. For the areas with high demand on environmental quality, transport should be arranged at night.  Keep construction vehicles and machinery in good work ing order, regularly service and turn off engines when not in use;  Vehicles with an open load-carrying case, which transport potentially dust- producing materials, shall have proper fitting sides and tail boards. Dust-prone materials shall not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall always be covered with a strong tarpaulin;  Install wheel washing equipment or conduct wheel washing manually at

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds each exit of the works area to prevent trucks from carrying muddy or dusty substance onto public roads;  In periods of high wind, dust-generating operations shall not be permitt ed within 200 m of residential areas. Special precautions need to be applied in the vicinity of sensitive areas such as schools, kindergartens and hospitals;  Equip mate rial stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment with dust shrouds. For the earthwork manag ement for backfill, measures will include surface press and periodical spraying and covering. The extra earth or dreg should be cleared from the proj ect site in time to avoid long term stockpiling. The height of stockpiles s hould be less than 0.7m;  To avoi d odor impacts caused by channel cleaning, transport the removed trash quickly to the local landfill. Transport of dredged sediments will be undertak en in closed tank wagons to prevent scattering along the way and impacting the urban area;  Temporary dredg ed sediment storage locations at least 50 m downwind of the nearest residential households;  Unauthorized burning of construction and demolition waste material and refus e shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding of payment. Noise PME noise impact to Put into tender documents the following Design JPMO; Included in sensitive receptors noise mitigation measures: Institute LIEC tendering

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds  During daytime construction, the agency contractor will en sure that: (i) noise contract levels from equipment and machinery conform to the PRC standard for Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523- 2011) and the WBG EHS Standards, and properly maintain machinery t o minimize noise; (ii) equipment with high noise and hig h vibration are not used near vi llage or township areas and only low noise machinery or the equipment with sound insulation is EMP-updated EMP employed; (iii) sites for asphalt- mixing plants and simil ar activities will be located at least 300 m away from t he nearest sensitive receptor; a nd (iii) temporary EMP-updated EMP anti- noise barriers or hoardings will be installed around the equipment to shield residences, schools and hospital s when there are re sidences within 50 m of the noise source;  For all the urban roads, there will be no nighttime (between 22:00 and 06:00 hours) construction;  For the JRT corridor, nighttime construction shall be avoided. Yet, recognizi ng that construction (e.g. JRT statio ns) occasionally would require some wo rks to be conducted at night to take advantage of le ss road traffic or to avoid worsening daytime traffic conditions. Nighttime construction work on the JRT corrid or if needed should prevent using high sound power le vel equipment and near by residents should

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds be notified of such nighttime activities well beforehand  Regularly monitor noise at sensitive areas (refer to the monitoring plan). If noise standards are exceeded by more than 3 dB, equipment and construction conditions shall be check ed, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation;  Provide the construction workers with suitable hearing protection (earmuffs ) according t o the worker health protection law of the PRC;  Control the speed of bu lldozer, excav ator, crusher and other transport vehicles travelling on site, adopt noise reduc tion measures on equipment, step up equipment repair and maintenance to keep them in good working condition;  Limit the speed of vehicles travelling on site (less than 8 km/hr), forbid the use of horns unless absolutely necessary, minimize the use of whistles;  Maintain continual communication with the villages and communities along the road alignments. Water qual ity Construction site Put into tender documents the following Design JPMO; Included in wastewater, bridge measures to treat wastewater and runoff Institute LIEC tendering construction and fr om construction sites and to contain agency dredging impact on suspended solids dispersion durin g bridge contract water bodies construction and dredging:  Portable toilets and small package wastewater treatment pl ants will be provided on construction sites for the workers and canteens; If there are nearb y public sewers, interim storage

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds tanks and pipelines will be installed to convey wastewater to those sewers;  Sedimentation tanks will be installed on construction s ites to treat process water (e.g. concrete batching for bridge construction) and muddy runof f with high concentrations of suspended solids. If necessary, floccula nts such as po lyacrylamide (PAM) will be used to facilitate sedimentation;  Construction of roa d bridge foundations will avoid the rainy season from May to October to minimize potential w ater quality impact. Mitigation measures such as placement of sandbags or berms arou nd foundation works to contain muddy water runoff will be adopted. Slurry from p ile drilling in the riverbed will be pumped to shore and properly disposed of. This will reduce the disturbance of sediments and the impact on water quality.  Dredging in Qingyuan Bus depot fishpond will be done in the dry and during the dry season from Oct ober to March to minimize potential water quality impact. Sandbags or berms placed around the dredging area will be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow;  Construction machinery will be repaired and washed at special repairing sho ps. No onsite machine repair and washing shall be allowed;  Storag e facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials will be within

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds secured ar eas on imp ermeable surfaces, and provided with bunds and cleanup kits;  The contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fu el, and must be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerou s or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88);  Material stockpiles will be protected against wind and runoff waters which might transport them to surface waters;  Any spills are to be cle aned up according to the PRC norms and codes within 24 hours of the occurrence, with contamina ted soils and water treated following the PRC regulations. Records must be handed over without de lay to the HPMO and HEPB;  Mitigation of water quality impact duri ng water pumping and sediment removal at each dredging location will be based on water quality monitoring results. The water quality monitoring approach for dredging works will include, at ea ch dredging location, one control station up current of the locat ion and one impact station down current of the location. When the monitoring result shows that the suspended solids (SS) level at the down current impact station is 130% higher than that at t he up current control station, it is indicative of bottom sedimen t being stirred up and discharged downstream by water pumping or during sediment exc avation.

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds The contractor shall reduce the pumping or excavation rate and/or pump the slurry to a sedimentati on pond first for settling of SS, until the down current SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level;  Similar monitoring approach will be adopted fo r mitigating water quality impact during road bridge construction, where up current and down curr ent monitoring stations will be set up and SS levels monitored. W hen the SS levels at the down current impact station is 130% higher than the SS levels at the up current control station, the contractor shall adopt alternative construction methods or additi onal mitigation measures until the down current SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level. Ecology Impact on trees and Put into tender documents the fol lowing Design JPMO; Included in wildlife ecological mitigation measures: Institute LIEC tendering  All camphor trees at the 3 locations agency ide ntified in this EIA (see Figure IV.5) contract must be tagged, conspicuously marked and fenced off befo re commencement of construction;  Construction workers are prohibited from capturing any wildlife anywhere in the project area and from damaging the camphor trees. Physical Impact on artifacts of  Construction will be stopped and Design JPMO; Included in cultural archaeological immediate ly report to the Ji’an Cultural Institute LIEC tendering resources significance Bureau in accordance with PRC’s agency Cultural Relics Protection Law for contract further actions if any artifacts of

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds archaeological significa nce are identified. Solid was te Disposal or storage Specify in tender documents the following Design JPMO; Include d in of excavated spoil mitigation measures: Institute LIEC tendering and construction and  Locations of app roved spoil disposal agency demolition waste and storage sites, other sites cannot contract be used unless authorize d by appropriate agency.  Approved storage and disposal sites for construction a nd demolition waste, other sites not to be used. Health & Occupational health  Specify in tender documents the Design JPMO; Included in safety & safety of workers provision of personal safety and Institute LIEC tendering protective equipme nt such as safety agency hats and shoes, eye goggles, contract respiratory masks, etc. to all constr uction wor kers. Constructi o Tra ffic Construction Plan transp ort routes for construction Design JPMO; Included in n traffic vehicles causing vehicles and specify in tender documents Institute, LIEC tendering traffic congestion to forbid vehicles from using other roads Local traffic agency and during peak traffic hours. police contract Estimated cost for Design and Pre -construction stage: Included in detailed design and contract tender fees Construct ion Stage Constructio Soil Spoil disposal  Strip and store topsoil in a stockpile for Contractors JMUCIDC, Included in n site good resources reuse in restoration. ESE, LIEC the practice  Use spoil disposal sites approved by implement YEPB and manage in accordance with ation of the approved plan. approved  Avoid side casting of spoil on slopes. Soil and  Co-ordinate with water resources Water bureau monitoring station on Conservati effectiveness of soil erosi on prevention on Plan measures and any need for remedial action.  Rehabili tate and restore spoil disposal

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds sites in accordance with agreed plan.  Conduct project completi on audit to confirm that spoil disposal site rehabilitation meets required standard , contractor liable in case of non- compliance. So il erosion  Ensure contractors aware of all soil Contractor JMUCIDC, Included in erosion requirements as set out in the ESE, LIEC the approved plan in the Soil and Water implement Conservation Report and have ation of the developed appropriat e method approved statements and management Soil and proposals. Water  Avoid rainy season. If necessary, Conservati construct ber ms to direct rainwater on Plan runoff away from exposed surface.  Install drainage ditches a nd sedimentati on tanks in temporary construction areas to prevent soil erosion and to manage run-off.  Stabilize all cut slopes, embankments and other erosion-prone working a reas while works are ongoing. Implement permanent stabilization measures as soon as possible, at least within 30 days.  Pay close attention to drainage provision and establishment of vegetation cover on backfilled areas to prevent soil erosion.  If restorat ion is carried out during periods of hot or extreme weather, ensure adequate aftercare to maximiz e survival. Soil contamination  Prope rly store petroleum products, Contra ctor JMUCIDC, Included in hazardous materials and wastes on ESE, LIEC the

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds impervious. implement  Develop spill response plan. Ke ep a ation of the stock of absorbent materials (e.g. approved sand, earth or commercial products) on Soil and site to deal with spillages and train staff Water in their use. Conservati  If there is a spill ta ke immediate action on Plan to prevent entering drains, watercourses, unmade ground or porous surfaces. D o not hose the spillage down or use any detergents use oil absorb ents and dispose of used absorbents at a waste management facility.  Record any spill events an d actions taken in environmental monitoring logs and report to LIEC.  Properly store petroleum pro ducts, hazardous materials and waste in clearly labeled container s on an impermeable surface in secure and covered areas, preferably with a containment tray for any leaks.  Remove all construction waste from the site to approved waste disposal sites. Air quality Dust (TSP) during  Provide du st masks to operating Con tractor JMUCID C, $20,000 construction personnel; ESE, LIEC  Spray water regularly on hauling and access roads to borrow pits (at least once a day) to suppress dust; and erect hoarding around dusty activities;  Minimize the storage time of construction and demolition wastes on site by regularly removing them off site;  Equip concrete batching plants with

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds fabric filte rs and/or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. Additionally, co ncrete mixing stations at least 300 meters downwind of the nearest residential households and 500 meters from water bodies;  Mount protective canvasses on all trucks which transport material t hat could generate dust;  Build access and hauling roads at suffic ient distances from residential areas, particular, from local schools and hospitals;  Assign ha ulage routes and schedules to avoid transport occurring in the central areas, traffic intensive a reas or residential areas. For the areas with high demand on environmental quality, transport should be arranged at night.  Keep constructi on vehicles and machi nery in good working order, regularly service and turn off engines when not in use;  Vehicles with an open load-carrying case, which transport potentially dust- producing materials, shall have proper fitting sides and tail boards. Dust-prone materials shall not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall always be covered with a strong tarpaulin;  Install wheel washing equipment or conduct wheel washing manually at each exit of the works area to prevent trucks from carrying muddy or du sty substance onto public roads;

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds  Immediately clean up all muddy or dusty materials on public road s outside the exits of the works areas.  In periods of high wind, dust-generating operations shall not be permitted within 100 m of residen tial areas. Special precautions need to be applied in the vicinity of sensitive areas such as schools and hospitals;  Equip material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment with dust shrouds. For the earthwork management for backfill, measures will include surface press and pe riodical spraying and covering. The extra earth or dreg should be cleared from the project site in time to avoid long term stockpiling. The height of s tockpiles should be less than 0.7m;  Plan the transport routes and time to avoid busy traffic and heavily populated areas when transporting earthy materials;  Immediately plant vegetation in all temporary land take areas upon completion of construction to pr event dust and soil erosion;  Unauthorized burning of construction and demolition was te material and refus e shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding of payment. Fumes and  Locate asphalt plants and mixers at Contractor JMUCIDC, particulate matter least 200m downwind from residential ESE, LIEC from asphalt mixing areas and other sensitive receptors. plant, concrete  Enclose these plants and equip them

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds batching plant and with bag house filter or s imilar air other equipment and pollution control equipment. machinery  Regularly inspect and certify vehicle and equipment emissions and maintain to a high standard. Noise and Noise from PME and  During daytime construction, the Contr act or JMUCIDC, $30,000 vibration vehicles co ntractor will ensure that: (i) noise ESE, LIEC levels from equipment and machinery At the JRT corridor conform to the PRC stand ard for Noise for the sensitivity Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523- receptors: 2011) and the WBG EHS Standards, 19 locations: and properly maintain machinery to JRT corridor minimize noise; (ii) equipment with hi gh 1. Jinggangshan noise and high vibration are not used University near village or township areas and only Affiliated Hospital low noise machin ery or the equipment 2. Ji’an City Center with sound insulation is employed ; (iii) People’s Hospital sites for asphalt-mixing plants and 3. Ji’an City Disease similar activities will be located at le ast 300 m away from t he nearest sensitive Prevention and receptor; and (iii) temporary anti-noise Control Center barriers or hoardings will be insta lled 4. Jinggangshan around the equipment to shield University Ji’an residences when th ere are residences City Health within 50 m of the noise source; College  For all the urban roads, there w ill be no 5. Ji’an Secondary nighttime (between 2200 and 0600 Technical School hours) construction; -Yaojing Ave  For the JRT corridor, nighttime 6. Ji’an No. 3 Middle construction shall be avoided. Yet, School - Yaojing recognizing that con struction (e.g. JRT Ave stations) occasionally would require 7. No. 2 Hospital - some works to be conducted at night to Dahongke Ave take advantage of less road traffic or to 8. Nangu No. 1 avoid worsening daytime traffic Elementary conditions. Nighttime construction work

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds School - on the JRT c orridor if neede d should Dahongke Ave prevent using high sound power level 9. Ji’a Normal equipment and nearby residents should University be notified of such nighttime activities Affiliated well beforehand Elementary  Regularly monitor noise at sensitive School - Luzhou areas (refer to the monitoring plan). If East Ave noise standards are exceede d by more than 3 dB, equipment and construction 10. Ji’an No. 1 Middle conditions shall be checked, and School - Yanjiang mitigation m easures shall be Ave implemented to rectify the situation; 11. Municipal Women  Provide the construction workers with and Children’s suitable hearing protection (earmuffs ) Healthcare according to the worker h ealth Center - Jifu Ave protection law of the PRC; 12. Ji’an No. 4 Middle  Control the speed of bulldozer, School - Jifu Ave excavator, crusher and ot her transport 13. Oriental Hospital vehicles travelling on site, adopt noise 14. Dunhou County reductio n measures on equipment, step Middle School - up equipment repair and maintenance BaiyunAve to keep them in good working condition; 15. Yangguang  Limit the speed of vehicles travelling on Hospital - site (less than 8 km/hr), forbid the use Junshan Ave of h orns unless absolutely necessary, 16. Ji’an County minimize the use of whistles; Women and  Maintain continual communication with the villages and communities along the Children’s road alignments. Healthcare Center 17. Deming Elementary School 18. Ji’an New No. 1 Middle School –

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds Yangming West Rd 19. Depot 3 - Sanshangang bus depot Water quality Construction site  Portable toilets and small package Contra ctor JMUCIDC, $20,000 runoff and wastewater treatment plants will be ESE, LIEC wastewater provided on construction sites for the discharge; dredging wor kers and canteens; If there are impact --Qingyuan nearby public sewers, interim storage Bus depot fishpond tanks and p ipelines will be installed to convey wastewater to those sewers;  Sedime ntation tanks will be installed on construction sites to treat process water (e.g. concrete batching for bridge construction) and muddy runoff with high concentrations of suspended soli ds. If necessary, flocculants such as polyacrylamide (PAM) will be used to facilitate sedimentation;  Construction of road bridge foundations will avoid the rainy season from M ay to October to minimize potential water quality impact. Mitigation measures suc h as placement of sandbags or berms around foundation works to contain muddy water runoff will be adopted. Slurry from pile drilling in the riverbed will be pumped to shore an d properly disposed of. This will reduce the disturbance of sediments an d the impact on water quality.  Dredging in Qingyuan Bus depot fishpond will be done in the dry and during the dry season from October to

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds March to minimize potent ial water quality impact. Sandbags or berms placed around the dredging area w ill be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow;  Construction machinery will be repaired and washed at special repairing shops. No onsite machine repair an d washing shall be allowed;  Storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazar dous materials will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provided with bunds an d cleanup kits;  The contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed, follow p roper protocol for trans ferring fuel, and must be in compliance with Transport ation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88);  Material stockpiles wi ll be protected against wind and runoff waters which might transport them to surface waters;  Any spills are to be cleaned up according to PRC norms and codes wit hin 24 hours of the occurrence, with contaminated soils and water treated according to PRC norm s and codes. Records must be handed over without delay to the JPMO and JEPB;  Mitigation of water quality im pact during water pumping and sediment removal at each dredging location will be based on water quality monitoring results. The water quality monitor ing approach for dredging works will include, at each

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds dredging locat ion, one contro l station up current of the location and one impact station down current of th e location. When the monitoring result shows that the suspended solids (SS) level at the down c urrent impact station is 130% higher than that at the up current control station, it is indicative of botto m sediment being stirred up and discharged downstream by water pumping or during sediment excavation. The contractor shall reduce the pumping or exca vation rate and/or pump the slurry to a sedimentation pond first for settling of SS , until the down current SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level;  Similar monitoring approach will be adopted for mitigating water quality impact during road bridge construction, where up current and down current monitoring stations will be set up and SS levels mon itored. When the SS levels at the down current impact station is 130% higher than the SS levels at the up current control station, the contractor sha ll adopt alternative construction methods or additional mitigation measures until t he down current SS level is less than 130% above the upstream SS level.

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds Solid waste Construction site  Tempor ary storage and permanent Contractor JMUCIDC, $20,000 waste and spoil disposal of spoil and construction and ESE, LIEC disposal demolition waste a t designated sites only. These sites shall be at least 500 m from any water bodies.  Transport construction waste in enclosed containers;  Establish enclosed waste collection points on site, with separation of domestic waste and construction waste;  Set up centralized domestic waste collection point and transport offsite for disposal r egularly by sanitation department;  Spoil disposal site management and restoration plans will be developed, to be approved by responsible authority; a protocol will be established between the contractors and Ji’an Cityscape Management Department to clarify the spoil quantity and a permit for the clearance of excavated earthwork shall be obtained;  Sit e restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance with all appli cable standards and spec ifications, and will be required before final acceptan ce and payment under the terms of contracts. Ecology De struction of  Construction workers are prohibited Contractor JMUCIDC, $10,000 vegetation from capturing any wild life during ESE, LIEC construction;  Construction workers are prohibited from damaging camphor trees  Preserve existing vegetation where no construction activity is planned;

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds  Protect exi sting trees and grassland during construction; where a tree has to be removed or an area of grassland disturbed, replant trees and re-vegetate the area after construction;  Remove trees or shrubs only as the last resort if they impinge directly on the permanent works. Physical Des truction of  Construction workers are pr ohibited Contractor JMUCIDC, None cultural cultural relics in from damaging the old camphor trees ESE, LIEC resources stream bed and soil  Contractor must comply with PRC's Cultural Relics Protection Law and Cultural Relics Protection Law Implementation Regulations if suc h relics are discovered, stop work immediately and notify the relevant authori ties, adopt protection measures and notify the Security Bureau to protect the site. Overall Excessi ve  Contractors to identify and adhere to Contractor JMUCIDC, Covered in disturbance disturbance to strict schedule for completion of each ESE, LIEC above costs to communities due to pipeline section and to avoid communities prolonged prolonged construction, disturbance construction times Health a nd Occupational Construction site  Effectiv ely clean and disinfect the site. Contractor JMUCIDC, $30,000 Safety health and sanitation During site formation, spray with ESE, LIEC safety phenolated water for disinf ection. Disinfect toilets and refuse piles and timely remove solid waste;  Exterminate rodents on site at le ast once every 3 months, and exterminate mosquitoes an d flies at least twice each year;  Minimize the risk of fly- or mosquito- borne diseases by maintaining well- drained and hygienic project sites;

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds  Remove standing wat er bodies and cover drums and other con tainers to avoid formation of stagnant water;  Ensure p ersonnel are aware of potential disease risks;  Enforce on-site hygiene regulations to prevent litter;  Provide public toilets in accordance with the requirements of labor manageme nt and sanitation depart ments in the living areas on construction site and app oint designated staff responsible for cleaning and disinfection.  Work camp wastewater shall be discharged into the municipal sewer system or treated on-site with p ortable system. Occupational safety  Provide safety h ats and shoes to all Contractor JMUCIDC, $10,000 construction workers and enforce their ESE, LIEC use by the workers;  Provide ear plu gs to workers working near noisy PME;  Clearly demarcate all open-cut pipeline trenches and erect barriers o n either side of them to prevent injury to workers / the public Food safety  Inspect and supervise food hygie ne in Contractor JMUCIDC, None cafeteria on site regularly. Cafeteria ESE, LIEC workers must have valid health permits.  Once food poisoning i s discovered, implement effective control measures imm ediately to prevent it from spreading. Disease prevention  Construction workers must have Contractor JMU CIDC, $20,000 and safety physical examination before st art ESE, LIEC awareness working on site. If infectious disease is

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds found, the patient must be isola ted for treatment to prevent the disease from spreading. From the 2nd year onwards, conduct phy sical examination on 20% of the workers every year.  Establish health clinic at loca tion where workers are c oncentrated, which should be equipped with common medi cal supplies and medication for simple treatment and emergency treatment for accidents.  Specify the persons responsible for health and epidemic prevention, education on food hygi ene, and disease prevent ion, to raise the awareness of workers. Community Noise from PME and  A traffic control and o peration plan will Contractor, JMUCIDC, JMG health and vehicles be prepared together with the local local traffic ESE, LIEC (traffic safety traffic management authority prior to police police At the JRT corridor any construction. The plan shall department for the sensitivity include provisions for diverting or ) receptors: scheduling construction traffic to avoid JRT corridor morning and afternoon peak tr affic 1. Jinggangshan hours, regulating traffic at road University crossings to ensure public safety Affiliated Hospital thro ugh clear signs, controls and 2. Ji’an City Center planning in advance. People’s Hospital 3. Ji’an City Disease Prevention and Control Center 4. Jinggangshan University Ji’an City Health College 5. Ji’an Secondary

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds Technical School -Yaojing Ave. 6. Ji’an No. 3 Middle School - Yaojing Ave 7. No. 2 Hospital - Dahongke Ave 8. Nangu No. 1 Elementary School - Dahongke Ave 9. Ji’a Normal University Affiliated Elementary School - Luzhou East Ave 10. Ji’an No. 1 Middle School - Yanjiang Ave 11. Municipa l Women and Children’s Healthcare Center - Jifu Ave 12. Ji’an No. 4 Midd le School - Jifu Ave 13. Oriental Hospital 14. Dunhou County Middle School - BaiyunAve 15. Yangguang Hospital - Junshan Ave 16. Ji’an County

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds Women and Children’s Healthcare Center 17. Deming Elementary School 18. Ji’an New No. 1 Middle School – Yangming West Rd 19. Depot 3 - Sansha ngang bus depot Information  Residents and bu sinesses will be Contractor JMUCIDC, None disclosure informe d in advance through media of ESE, LIEC the construction activit ies, given the dates and duration of expected disruption. Access to  Clear signs will be placed at Contractor JMUCIDC, None construction sites construction sites in v iew of the public, ESE, LIEC warni ng people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles , hazardous materials, excavations etc. and raising awareness on safety issues.  All sites will be made secure, discouraging access by members of the public through appropriate f encing whenever appropriate. Utility ser vices  Assess construction locations in Contractor, JMUCIDC, None interruptions- advanc e for potential disruption to local service ESE, LIEC Pedestrian Bridge at services and identify risks before providers Renmin Square starting construction.  If temporary disrup tion is unavoidable, develop a plan to minimize disrup tion

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Impact Potential Impact Implementin Supervisi Source of Item Mitigation Measures Factor and/or I ssues g Entity ng Entity funds with relevant authorities e.g. power company, water supply company, communication company, and communicate dates and duration in advance to all affected people. Grievance Social & Handling and  Establish a GRM, appoint a GRM Contractor, JEPB JPMO redress environment resolving complaints coordinator within JPMO. JPMO, budget, mechanis al on contractors  Brief and provide training to GRM JMUCIDC, Loan m access points (JPMO, JMUCIDC, ESE, LIEC implement contractors). ation  Disclose GRM to affected people before Consulting construction begins at the main Service entrance to each construction site.  Maintain and update a Complaint Register to document all complaints. Estimated cost for the Construction Stage: $160,000 Operational Stage Urban Traffic Road and drainage Regularly inspect and maintain the road O&M units JPMO O&M Unit’s roads and condition surface and drainage system. operation JRT budget corridor Road safety and Stric tly enforce traffic law to improve road Ji’an traffic police JMG O&M Unit’s traffic accidents safety and reduce traffic accidents. operation budget Social, No ise mitigation on To be im plemented according to the JMUCIDC JPMO $140,000 environment JRT corridor approved project EIR and Table V.8 of EIA al health Noise mitigation on To be implemented according to the JMUCIDC JPMO $107,000 five urban roads approved project EIR and Table V.11 of EIA Estimated cost for the O perational Stage: $247,000 Key : ADB = Asian Development Bank; EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment; EIR = Environmental Impact Report; ESE = Environmental supervision engineer; JEMS = Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station; JEPB = Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau; JMUCIDC = Ji’an Municipal Urban Construction Investment and Development Co., Ltd; JMG = Ji’an Municipal Government; JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; LIEC = Loan implementation environmental consultant; O&M = operation & maintenance; PME = powered mechanical equipment; SS = suspended solid; TSP = total suspended particles.

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M. Monitoring and reporting

161. Three types of project monitoring will be conducted under the EMP. 27 (iv) Project readiness monitoring. To be conducted by the LIEC. (v) Project impact monitoring. To be conducted by:(a) the Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station (JEMS) contracted by JPMO; and (b) the contractors, who will be required to conduct frequent noise and air quality monitoring around construction sites and to report monitoring results in the framework of their weekly progress reports to JPMO, JMUCIDC and ESE. (vi) Independent evaluation. To be conducted by the ESE (contracted by JPMO) and LIEC (from loan implementation consulting services). To verify EMP- updated EMP compliance during project implementation.

162. ADB will oversee project compliance on the basis of the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports provided by JPMO and site visits. Monitoring and reporting arrangements defined for this Project are described below.

163. Project readiness monitoring. Before construction, the LIEC will assess the project’s readiness in terms of environmental management based on a set of indicators (Table 3) and report it to ADB and JPMO. This assessment will demonstrate that environmental commitments are being carried out and environmental management systems are in place before construction starts or suggest corrective actions to ensure that all requirements are met.

Table 3: Project Readiness Assessment Indicators Indic ator Criteria Assessment EMP update  EMP is updated after technical detailed d esign & approved by Yes No ADB Compliance with  The borrower compli es with loan covenants related to project Yes No loan covenants design and environmental management plan Public  Meaningful consultation completed Yes No involvement GRM established with entry points effectiveness  Yes No  Loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC) is i n Yes No place Environmental  Staff environment specialists appointed by JPMO and Supervision in Yes No JMUCIDC place Yes No  Environmental supervision engineer (ESE) contracted by JPMO  Environment monitoring station contracted by JPMO Yes No  Bidd ing documents and contracts incorporating the environmental activities and safeguards listed as loan Yes No Bidding assurances documents and contracts with  Bidding documents and contracts incorporatin g the impact Yes No environmental mitigation and environmental management provisions of the safeguards EMP  Environmental requirements of the EMP included in contract Yes No documents for construction contracts EMP financial  The required funds have been set aside for E MP Yes No support

27 In addition to project-specific monitoring, Ji’an EPB will conduct independent ambient and/or enforcement monitoring as per national requirements. This is separate to, and not funded by, the project.

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Indic ator Criteria Assessment implementation

164. Project impact monitoring. Table 4 shows the internal environmental impact monitoring program designed for this project, defining the scope, location, parameter, duration and frequency, and responsible agencies, for monitoring during the construction and operational stages. Internal environmental monitoring will include monitoring of air quality, noise, water quality and ecology. For air, noise, and water, the monitoring during construction and operation will be conducted by JEMS contracted by JPMO.

165. For monitoring of dredging and bridge construction impacts on water quality, a control station versus impact station approach will be adopted. The monitoring station upstream of the dredging section will function as the control station as it is not to be impacted by dredging activities. The monitoring station downstream of the dredging section will function as the impact station. Any increase in the level of water quality parameter (such as suspended solids; SS) at the impact station compared to the control station is indicative of potential impact due to dredging. If the level of the water quality parameter (mainly SS) at the impact station is >130% of the control station, mitigation measures such as changing the dredging method or reducing the dredging rate will need to be adopted.

166. The internal environmental impact monitoring results will be compared with relevant PRC performance standards (Table 5). Non-compliance with these standards will be highlighted in the monitoring reports. Monitoring results will be (i) submitted by JEMS to JPMO, JMUCIDC and ESE on a monthly basis, and (ii) then reported by JPMO to ADB in semi-annual environmental monitoring reports (prepared with the support of the LIEC–Table 6).

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Table EMP 4: Internal Environmental Monitoring Program Monitoring Frequency & Item Parameter Monitoring Location Implementing Entity Supervising Entity Estimated Cost Duration Construction Stage Dust and TSP, L Aeq At boundaries of all construction sites 2 times/day, three times/ Contractor JMUCIDC, ESE Included in Contractor noise week during construction budget period Air quality TSP 1 day (24-hr continuous JEMS (contracted JMUCIDC, ESE $50,000 Locations: sampling) per month when through JPMO) there is construction 1. Jinggangshan University Affiliated occurring within 200 m of Hospital the monitoring location 2. Ji’an City Center People’s Hospital 3. Ji’an City Disease Prevention and Control Center 4. Jinggangshan University Ji’an City Health College 5. Ji’an Secondary Technical School - Yaojing Ave 6. Ji’an No. 3 Middle School - Yaojing Ave 7. No. 2 Hospital - Dahongke Ave 8. Nangu No. 1 Elementary School - Dahongke Ave 9. Ji’a Normal University Affiliated Elementary School - Luzhou East Ave 10. Ji’an No. 1 Middle School - Yanjiang Ave 11. Municipal Women and Children’s Healthcare Center - Jifu Ave 12. Ji’an No. 4 Middle School - Jifu Ave 13. Oriental Hospital 14. Dunhou County Middle School - BaiyunAve 15. Yangguang Hospital - Junshan Ave 16. Ji’an County Women and Children’s Healthcare Center 17. Deming Elementary School 18. Ji’an New No. 1 Middle School – Yangming West Rd 19. Depot 1- Chengbei Bus Depot and Terminal 20. Depot 2-Qingyuan Bus Depot 21. Depot 3 - Sanshangang bus depot 22. Depot 4 Bus depot and terminal in the High-Speed Railway station 1.

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Monitoring Frequency & Item Parameter Monitoring Location Implementing Entity Supervising Entity Estimated Cost Duration Noise LAeq locations (same as for air quality) 2 times per day (daytime JEMS (contracted JMUCIDC, ESE $50,000 and nighttime); 1 day per through JPMO) month when there is construction occurring within 200 m of the monitoring location Water SS, DO, TPH Qingyuan Bus depot fishpond: 2 times/ day: 1 day per JEMS (contracted JMUCIDC, ESE $40,000 quality 2 locations at each dredging section: (1) 50 month when there are through JPMO) m upstream of the dredging section (control dredging or bridge station), (2) 100 m downstream of the construction activities. dredging section (impact station) Road bridge construction: 2 locations on the river: (1) 50 m upstream of the bridge alignment (control station), (2) 100 m downstream of the bridge alignment (impact station) Operational Stage (first year) Air quality NO 2 26 locations for the urban roads and JRT 1 time per day; 2 days per JEMS (contracted JPMO Included in O&M corridor same as in the construction stage month for 12 consecutive through O&M units) budget months Noise LAeq 26 locations for the urban roads and JRT Two times per day (daytime JEMS (contracted JPMO Included in O&M corridor same as in the construction stage and nighttime); 2 days per through O&M units) budget month for 12 consecutive months. Monitoring can cease when 100% compliance is achieved 3 consecutive times at the same site Total estimated cost: $140,000 Notes : ESE = Environmental supervision engineer; JEMS = Ji’an Environmental Monitoring Station; JMUCIDC = Ji’an Municipal Urban Construction Investment and Development Co., Ltd; JPMO = Ji’an Pro ject Management Office; O&M = operation and maintenance

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Table 5: Monitoring Indicators and Applicable PRC Standards1 Phase Indicator Standard Construction TSP Class II Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095- 2012) Noise limits of PME at boundary of Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for construction site Boundary of Construction Site (GB 12523-2011) Water quality during dredging and Use control station and impact station approach. If embankment construction (SS, DO, the level at the impact station is >130% of the TPH) control station, mitigation measures such as reducing the dredging rate or changing the dredging equipment will be implemented.

Operation NO 2 Class II Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095- 2012) Noise Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB 12348-2008) Note: DO = dissolved oxygen, NO 2 = nitrogen dioxide, PME = powered mechanical equipment, SS = suspended solids, TPH = total petroleum hydrocarbon, TSP = total suspended particulates.

167. Independent evaluation. Independent evaluation of EMP implementation will be undertaken by the ESE and LIEC. The budget for the ESE is estimated at $100,000. The budget for the LIEC will be included in the Loan Implementation Consulting services ($71,000). JPMO will report the LIEC’s independent evaluation to ADB on the project’s adherence to the EMP, information on project implementation, environmental performance of the contractors, and environmental compliance through quarterly project progress reports and semi-annual environmental monitoring reports (Table 6). The LIEC will support JPMO in developing the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. The reports should confirm the project’s compliance with the EMP and local legislation (including the PRC’s EIA requirements), the results of independent evaluation (both contractor compliance with the EMP and the results of environmental monitoring by the JEMS), identify any environment related implementation issues and necessary corrective actions, and reflect these in a corrective action plan. Operation and performance of the project GRM, environmental institutional strengthening and training, and compliance with all covenants under the project will be included in the report.

168. Monitoring by ADB. Besides reviewing the semi-annual environment monitoring reports from JPMO and the verification reports from the LIEC, ADB missions will inspect the project progress and implementation on site at least once a year. For environmental issues, inspections will focus mainly on (i) monitoring data; (ii) the implementation status of project performance indicators specified in the loan documents for the environment, environmental compliance, implementation of the EMP, and environmental institutional strengthening and training; (iii) the environmental performance of contractors, LIEC, and JPMO; and (iv) operation and performance of the project GRM. The performance of the contractors in respect of environmental compliance will be recorded and will be considered in the next bid evaluations.

169. Environmental acceptance monitoring and reporting. Following the PRC Regulation on Project Completion Environmental Audit (MEP, 2001), within three months after the completion of each project component, an environmental acceptance monitoring and audit report for the component shall be prepared by a licensed environmental monitoring institute. The report will be reviewed and approved by JEPB, and then reported to ADB (Table 6). The

1 The project applies PRC standards. A comparison of PRC standards with internationally accepted standards (as defined in the World Bank’s Environment Health and Safety Guidelines) was conducted for the EIA. The comparison confirmed that PRC standards are either internationally accepted, or have comparable standard limits with most of the international standards.

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environmental acceptance reports of the component completions will indicate the timing, extent, effectiveness of completed mitigation and of maintenance, and the needs for additional mitigation measures and monitoring during operations.

Table 6: Reporting Plan Reports From To Frequency Construction Phase Internal progress Internal project progress report Contractors JPMO, JMUCIDC, Monthly reports by contractors by construction contractors, ESE including monitoring results Internal environmental Environmental monitoring report JEMS JEPB, JPMO Monthly monitoring JMUCIDC, ESE Environment progress and JPMO ADB Semi-annual monitoring reports Acceptance report Environmental acceptance Licensed institute JEPB Once; within 3 monitoring and audit report months of completion of physical works Operational Phase Internal environmental Environmental monitoring report JEMS JEPB, JPMO Quarterly monitoring (first year of operation) Environment progress and JPMO ADB Semi-annual monitoring report Notes : ADB = Asian Development Bank; ESE = Environmental supervision engineer; JEMS = Ji’an Environment Monitoring Station; JEPB = Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau; JMUCIDC = Ji’an Municipal Urban Construction Investment & Development Company; JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office

N. Institutional Capacity Building and Training

170. The capacity of JPMO, JMUCIDC, O&M units and contractors’ staff responsible for EMP-updated EMP implementation and supervision will be strengthened. All parties involved in implementing and supervising the EMP-updated EMP must have an understanding of the goals, methods, and practices of project environmental management. The project will address the lack of capacities and expertise in environmental management through (i) institutional capacity building, and (ii) training. 171. Institutional strengthening . The capacities of the JPMO, JMUCIDC and O&M units to coordinate environmental management will be strengthened through a set of measures: (iv) The appointment of at least one qualified environment specialist within the JPMO staff to be in charge of EMP-updated EMP coordination, implementation and site inspections including GRM. (v) The commission of an independent ESE by JPMO to provide independent monitoring and verification of EMP-updated EMP implementation. (vi) The appointment of LIEC under the loan implementation consultancy to guide JPMO and JMUCIDC in implementing the EMP-updated EMP and ensure compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009).

172. Training . JPMO, JMUCIDC, contractors and O&M units will receive training in EMP implementation, supervision, and reporting, and on the Grievance Redress Mechanism ( Table 7). Training will be facilitated by the LIEC with support of other experts under the loan implementation consultant services. The budget for training is estimated to be $15,000.

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Table EMP-updated EMP-7: Training Program Cost Period No. of Total Training Attendees Contents Times ($/person (days) persons Cost /day) EMP-updated JPMO, Development and Twice - 2 20 100 $8,000 EMP JMUCIDC, adjustment of the Once prior to, an d adjustment O&M units, EMP-updated EMP, once after the first and contractors roles and year of project implementation responsibilities, implementation monitoring, supervision and reporting procedures, review of experience (after 12 months) Grievance JPMO, Roles and Twice - 1 15 100 $3,000 Redress JMUCIDC, responsibilities, Once prior to, and Mechanism contractors, Procedures, review of once after the f irst JEPB experience (after 12 year of project months) implementation Environmental JPMO, Pollution control on Once (during 2 15 100 $3,000 protection JMUCIDC, constructio n sites (air, project contractors noise, wastewater, implementation) solid waste) Environmental JPMO, Monitoring methods, Once (at 1 10 100 $1,000 monitoring JMUCIDC, data collection and beginning of O&M units, processing, reporting project contractors systems construction) Total estimated cost: $15,000 Notes : JEPB = Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau; JMUCIDC = Ji’an Municipal Urban Construction Investment & Development Company; JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; O&M = operation and maintenance.

173. Capacity building . In addition to training for EMP implementation, the project will provide consulting services and training to assist and train the staff of JPMO and JMUCIDC in project management, environmental management, land acquisition and resettlement, procurement, as well as external resettlement and environmental monitoring. The institutional components of the project will also involve training by loan implementation consultants in operation and maintenance of completed facilities. Part of this training will focus on teaching staff how to use a set of indicators to monitor performance of the completed facilities. These indicators will be designed by loan implementation consultants prior to operation start-up.

O. Consultation, Participation and Information Disclosure

174. Consultation during Project Preparation . Chapter VII of the EIA describes the public participation and consultation implemented during project preparation.

175. Future Public Consultation Plan . Plans for public involvement during construction and operation stages were developed during project preparation. These include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation stages; (ii) evaluating environmental and economic benefits and social impacts; and (iii) interviewing the public after the project is completed. These plans will include several types of public involvement, including site visits, workshops, investigation of specific issues, interviews, and

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public hearings (Table EMP-updated EMP-8). The budget for public consultation is estimated to be $9,000.

Table EMP-8: Public Consultation Plan Organizer Format No. of Times Subject Attendees Budget Construction Stage JPMO Public 4 times: 1 time Adjusting of mitigation Residents adjacent to $4,000 consultation & before measures, if components, site visit construction necessary; representatives of commences and construction impact; social sectors 1 time each year comments and during suggestions construction JPMO Exper t workshop As needed Comments / Experts of v arious $2,000 / press based on public suggestions on sectors, media conference consultation mitigation measures, public opinions JPMO Resettlement As required by Comments on Persons af fected by Included in the survey relevant resettlement, resettlement and resettlement resettlement improvement of living relocation plan update plan conditions, livelihood, survey budget and poverty reduction; comments and suggestions Operational Stage JPMO, Public Once in the first Effectiveness of Residents a djacent to $1,500 O&M Units consultation and year mitigation measures, component sites, site visits impacts of operation, social sectors comments and suggestions JPMO, Expert workshop As needed Comments and Experts of various $1,500 O&M Units or press based on public suggestions on sectors, media conference consultation operational impacts, public opinions Total budget: $9,000 Notes: JPMO = Ji’an Project Management Office; O&M = operation and maintenance.

P. Grievance Redress Mechanism

176. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been established to receive and manage any public concerns or issues which may arise due to the project. The GRM comprises: (i) a set of clear procedures developed by the JPMO to receive, record, and address any concerns which are lodged; (ii) specific contact individuals at the JPMO and JMUCIDC, and (iii) the Ji’an Environmental Protection Bureau (JEPB).

177. All contractors and work staff will be briefed by the JPMO on the GRM. Contractors and workers will be instructed to be courteous to local residents and, in the event they are approached by the general public with an issue, to immediately halt their work and report the issue to the foreman. The foreman will immediately report the issue to JMUCIDC or JPMO for action.

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178. Multiple means of using this mechanism, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, hotline number and telephone conversations, anonymous drop-boxes for written comments, and/or e-mail, will be available. All concerns received will be treated confidentially and professionally. The identity of individuals will not be circulated among project agencies or staff and will only be shared with senior staff, and then only when there is clear justification. In the construction period and the initial operational period covered by loan covenants, the JPMO will report progress to the ADB, and this will include reporting complaints and their resolution.

179. Basic steps for resolving complaints are as follows and illustrated in Figure EMP- updated EMP-1.

Step 1: For environmental problems during the construction stage, the affected person (AP) can register his/her complaint directly with the contractors, or through GRM access points (JPMO complaint center hotline, JMUCIDC, JEPB hotline). Contractors are required to set up a complaint hotline and designate a person in charge of handling complaints, and advertise the hotline number at the main entrance to each construction site, together with the hotline number of the JPMO complaint center. The contractors are required to maintain and update a Complaint Register to document all complaints. The contractors are also required to respond to the complainant in writing within 7 calendar days on their proposed solution and how it will be implemented. If the problem is resolved and the complainant is satisfied with the solution, the grievance handling ends here. The contractors are required to report complaints received, handled, resolved and unresolved to the JPMO complaint center immediately, and to JMUCIDC and JPMO monthly (through progress reporting).

Step 2: If no appropriate solution can be found during step 1, the contractor has the obligation to forward the complaint to the JPMO complaint center. The AP may also decide to submit a written or oral complaint to the JPMO complaint center directly, by-passing step 1. A joint hotline for resettlement and environment issues will be established within the JPMO. For an oral complaint, proper written records will be made. Once a complaint is registered and put on file, the JPMO complaints center will immediately notify ADB. The JPMO complaint center will assess the eligibility of the complaint, identify the solution and provide a clear reply for the complainant within five (5) working days. Complaints related to land acquisition and resettlement issues will be directed to the relevant agencies in accordance with the resettlement GRM. The LIEC will assist the JPMO complaint center in addressing the complaint and replying to the affected person. The JPMO complaint center will also inform the ADB project team and submit all relevant documents. Meanwhile, the JPMO complaint center will timely convey the complaint/grievance and suggest solution to the contractors, JMCIC and/or facility operator. The contractors during construction and the facility operator during operation will implement the agreed upon redress solution and report the outcome to the JPMO complaint center within fifteen (15) working days.

180. The tracking and documenting of grievance resolutions by JPMO will include the following elements: (i) tracking forms and procedures for gathering information from project personnel and complainant(s); (ii) regular updating of the GRM database by the JPMO Environment and/or Social Specialist; (iii) processes for informing stakeholders about the status

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of a case; and (iv) procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes, including the periodic reports to the ADB.

181. At any time, an affected person may contact ADB (East Asia Department) directly, including the ADB Resident Mission in the PRC.

182. If the above steps are unsuccessful, persons who are, or may in the future be, adversely affected by the project may submit complaints to ADB’s Accountability Mechanism. The Accountability Mechanism provides an independent forum and process whereby people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice, and seek a resolution of their problems, as well as report alleged violations of ADB‘s operational policies and procedures. Before submitting a complaint to the Accountability Mechanism, affected people should make a good faith effort to solve their problems by working with the concerned ADB operations department. Only after doing that, and if they are still dissatisfied, should they approach the Accountability Mechanism. 2 290.

Figure 1: Proposed Grievance Redress Mechanism

1. 2.

2 See: http://compliance.adb.org/

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Q. Cost Estimates

183. The total cost for EMP-updated EMP implementation comprises six items: (i) mitigation measures (Table 2), (ii) internal environmental impact monitoring by JEMS (Table 44), (iii) external independent EMP compliance monitoring by ESE, (iv) public consultation (Table 7-7), (v) training (Table 8), and (vi) the LIEC. The total cost is summarized in Table 9 and is $742,000. The mitigation cost of $407,000 includes a future cost of $247,000 for implementation of traffic noise mitigation measures on the JRT corridor and the five urban roads. The LIEC cost of $71,000 will be funded by the Loan Implementation Consulting services under the ADB loan, while the EA will bear the remaining cost of $671,000.

Table EMP-9: Estimated Budget for Implementation of the Environmental Management Plan Estimated Cost EMP-updated EMP Item EA Funded ADB Funded Mitigation measures $407,000 --- Internal environmental impact monitoring by JEMS $140,000 --- External EMP-updated EMP compliance monitoring by ESE $100,000 --- External monitoring by LIEC --- $71,000 Training $15,000 --- Public consultation $9,000 --- Sub-total $671,000 $71,000 Total $742,000

184. Excluded from the budget are (i) infrastructure costs which relate to environment and public health, but which are already included in the project direct costs and (ii) remuneration for the JPMO environment specialist, consulting packages for the non-structural sub-components, and technical experts on equipment operation and maintenance (covered elsewhere in the project budget).

185. JPMO will bear all internal environmental impact monitoring costs during the construction stage and contracting of ESE for independent monitoring and verification of EMP- updated EMP implementation. The O&M units will bear all internal monitoring costs during the operational stage. Contractors will bear the costs for all mitigation measures during construction, including those specified in the tender and contract documents as well as those to mitigate unforeseen impacts due to their construction activities. The O&M units will bear the costs related to mitigation measures during operation.

R. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment

186. The EMP-updated EMP is a living document. The need to update and adjust the EMP- updated EMP will be reviewed when there are design changes, changes in construction methods and program, unfavourable environmental monitoring results or inappropriate monitoring locations, and ineffective or inadequate mitigation measures. Based on environmental monitoring and reporting systems in place, JPMO (with the support of the LIEC) shall assess whether further mitigation measures are required as corrective action, or improvement in environmental management practices are required. JPMO will inform ADB promptly on any changes to the project and needed adjustments to the EMP-updated EMP. The

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EMP-updated EMP will be submitted to ADB for review and approval and will be disclosed on the ADB and JMG project website.

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