The Anatomy of the Medial Part of the Knee
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List: Bones & Bone Markings of Appendicular Skeleton and Knee
List: Bones & Bone markings of Appendicular skeleton and Knee joint Lab: Handout 4 Superior Appendicular Skeleton I. Clavicle (Left or Right?) A. Acromial End B. Conoid Tubercle C. Shaft D. Sternal End II. Scapula (Left or Right?) A. Superior border (superior margin) B. Medial border (vertebral margin) C. Lateral border (axillary margin) D. Scapular notch (suprascapular notch) E. Acromion Process F. Coracoid Process G. Glenoid Fossa (cavity) H. Infraglenoid tubercle I. Subscapular fossa J. Superior & Inferior Angle K. Scapular Spine L. Supraspinous Fossa M. Infraspinous Fossa III. Humerus (Left or Right?) A. Head of Humerus B. Anatomical Neck C. Surgical Neck D. Greater Tubercle E. Lesser Tubercle F. Intertubercular fossa (bicipital groove) G. Deltoid Tuberosity H. Radial Groove (groove for radial nerve) I. Lateral Epicondyle J. Medial Epicondyle K. Radial Fossa L. Coronoid Fossa M. Capitulum N. Trochlea O. Olecranon Fossa IV. Radius (Left or Right?) A. Head of Radius B. Neck C. Radial Tuberosity D. Styloid Process of radius E. Ulnar Notch of radius V. Ulna (Left or Right?) A. Olecranon Process B. Coronoid Process of ulna C. Trochlear Notch of ulna Human Anatomy List: Bones & Bone markings of Appendicular skeleton and Knee joint Lab: Handout 4 D. Radial Notch of ulna E. Head of Ulna F. Styloid Process VI. Carpals (8) A. Proximal row (4): Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform B. Distal row (4): Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate VII. Metacarpals: Numbered 1-5 A. Base B. Shaft C. Head VIII. Phalanges A. Proximal Phalanx B. Middle Phalanx C. Distal Phalanx ============================================================================= Inferior Appendicular Skeleton IX. Os Coxae (Innominate bone) (Left or Right?) A. -
An Evidence Based Medicine Understanding of Meniscus Injuries and How to Treat Them
An Evidence Based Medicine Understanding of Meniscus Injuries and How to Treat Them Patrick S. Buckley, MD University Orthopaedic Associates June 1, 2019 Disclosures • None www.UOANJ.com Anatomy of the Meniscus • Act as functional extensions of the tibial plateaus to increase depth of tibial articular surface • The meniscotibial attachment contributes to knee stability • Triangular in cross-section Gross Anatomy of the Meniscus • Ultrastructural Anatomy – Primarily Type I collagen (90%) – 70% water – Fiber orientation is circumferential (hoop stressing) Meniscal Vascularity • Relatively avascular • Vascular penetration – 10 - 30% medial – 10 - 25% lateral • Non-vascularized portions gain nutrients from mechanical loading and joint motion Medial Meniscus • Semilunar shape • Thin anterior horn • Broader posterior horn • More stable & less motion than the lateral = tears more often Lateral Meniscus • Almost circular in shape • Intimately associated with the ACL tibial insertion • Posterior horn attachments – Ligament of Humphrey – Ligament of Wrisberg • Lateral meniscus is a more dynamic structure with more motion Main Importance of Menisci • Load transmission • Joint stability Load Bearing / Shock Absorption • MM 50% and 70% LM of load transmitted through mensicus in extension • 85 % at 90° of flexion • Meniscectomy – 50 % decrease in contact area – 20 % less shock absorption www.UOANJ.com Meniscal effect on joint stability • Secondary restraints to anterior tibial translation in normal knees • In an ACL-deficient knee: the posterior horn of the medial meniscus is more important than the lateral meniscus Interaction of ACL and PHMM • Lack of MM in ACLD knees significantly ↑ anterior tibial translation at all knee flexion angles • Think about with high grade pivot! (Levy, JBJS,1982) (Allen, JOR,2000) C9ristiani, AJSM, 2017) Meniscus Function -Now known to be important structure for load distribution and secondary stabilizer to the knee. -
Meniscus Tear
291 North Fireweed Soldotna, AK 99669 907-262-6454 www.kenaipeninsulaortho.com ______________________________________________________________________________________ Orthopaedic Surgeon: Hand and Wrist Specialist: Henry G. Krull, M.D. Edwin D. Vyhmeister, M.D. Meniscus Tear The meniscus is the rubbery, soft cartilage cushion in the knee. There are two of the C-shaped cushions in each knee, a medial (inner) and lateral (outer) meniscus. They sit between the two bones that form the knee joint, and function to cushion and support the knee. The meniscus can tear with injury or degeneration, or a combination of both. The medial meniscus is torn about 10X more frequently than the lateral meniscus. In young people, the meniscus usually tears with an injury. In older people, the cartilage can degenerate (weaken) with age, and can tear with or without an injury; spontaneous tears can occur. Meniscal tears can occur in association with other injuries to the knee. Symptoms: Pain is the usual symptom of complaint with a meniscus tear. There is often a noticeable “pop.” Swelling and stiffness can also occur. Mechanical symptoms are common—clicking, popping, and locking. Sometimes there is just a feeling that something is wrong inside the knee. Pain can be sharp, or can be dull and aching. Meniscus tears do not heal, but sometimes the symptoms dissipate. Chronic, intermittent symptoms is very common. Meniscal tears can cause a feeling of instability, or can cause the knee to buckle or give way. Cause: Injuries, particularly with sports, are a common cause of meniscal tears in young people. As people age, the meniscus tissue weakens through the normal degenerative process, and tears can occur spontaneously, or with simple activities, such as getting up from a chair, and changing direction while walking. -
Trapezius Origin: Occipital Bone, Ligamentum Nuchae & Spinous Processes of Thoracic Vertebrae Insertion: Clavicle and Scapul
Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae Insertion: clavicle and scapula (acromion Trapezius and scapular spine) Action: elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward and/or elevate clavicle; extend neck Origin: spinous process of vertebrae C7-T1 Rhomboideus Insertion: vertebral border of scapula Minor Action: adducts & performs downward rotation of scapula Origin: spinous process of superior thoracic vertebrae Rhomboideus Insertion: vertebral border of scapula from Major spine to inferior angle Action: adducts and downward rotation of scapula Origin: transverse precesses of C1-C4 vertebrae Levator Scapulae Insertion: vertebral border of scapula near superior angle Action: elevates scapula Origin: anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8 or 1-9 Insertion: anterior surface of vertebral Serratus Anterior border of scapula Action: protracts shoulder: rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves upward rotation Origin: anterior surfaces and superior margins of ribs 3-5 Insertion: coracoid process of scapula Pectoralis Minor Action: depresses & protracts shoulder, rotates scapula (glenoid cavity rotates downward), elevates ribs Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula Supraspinatus Insertion: greater tuberacle of humerus Action: abduction at the shoulder Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula Infraspinatus Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus Action: lateral rotation at shoulder Origin: clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine) Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Deltoid Action: -
The Age Order of Epiphyseal Union Around Elbow Joint - a Radiological Study in Vidarbha
International Journal of Recent Trends in Science And Technology, ISSN 2277-2812 E-ISSN 2249-8109, Volume 10, Issue 2, 2014 pp 251-255 The Age Order of Epiphyseal Union around Elbow Joint - A Radiological Study in Vidarbha Nemade K. S.1*, Kamdi N. Y.2, Meshram M. M.3 1Assistant Professor, 2Associate Professor, 3Professor, Department of Anatomy, GMC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, INDIA. *Corresponding Address: [email protected] Research Article Abstract: Age of union of epiphysis is an important objective even by the workers from the various provinces of the method of age determination which is a difficult task for medico- Indian subcontinent ( Lal and Nat 1934 11 ; Pillai 1936 15 ; legal person. However, this age varies with racial, geographic, Galstaun 1937 9; Basu and Basu 1938 3,4 ; Lal and climatic and various other factors. Study of various text books in 12 et al 8 Anatomy and Radiology exhibits a glaring discrepancy as regards Townsend 1939 ; Gupta . 1974 ). Because of the the ages at which the different epiphyses fuse with the respective existence of such racial, geographic and climatic diaphyses in long bones. These variations have suggested need of variations, need for separate standards of ossification for separate standard of ossification for separate regions. This leads us separate regions have been suggested (Loder et al 1993 14 ; to study ages of epiphyseal union around elbow joint, a rarely Koc et al. 2001 10 ; Crowder et al. 2005 6). So, the present studied joint. Study was performed in total 320 healthy subjects work is undertaken as a pilot study to investigate the ages having ages from 13 to 23 years and length of residence in Vidarbh more than 10 years. -
Sesamoid Bone in the Tendon of the Supinator Muscle of Dogs: Incidence and Comparison of Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Features
Sesamoid bone in the tendon of the supinator muscle of dogs: incidence and comparison of radiographic and computed tomographic features Word count: 8473 Manon Dorny Student number: 01609678 Supervisor: Dr. Ingrid Gielen Supervisor: Prof. dr. Wim Van Den Broeck Supervisor: Dr. Aquilino Villamonte Chevalier A dissertation submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Veterinary Medicine Academic year: 2018 - 2019 Ghent University, its employees and/or students, give no warranty that the information provided in this thesis is accurate or exhaustive, nor that the content of this thesis will not constitute or result in any infringement of third-party rights. Ghent University, its employees and/or students do not accept any liability or responsibility for any use which may be made of the content or information given in the thesis, nor for any reliance which may be placed on any advice or information provided in this thesis. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the people that helped me accomplish this thesis and helped me achieve my degree in veterinary science. First of all I would like to thank Dr. Ingrid Gielen, Dr. Aquilino Villamonte Chevalier and Prof. Dr. Wim Van Den Broeck. I thank them all for their time spend in helping me with my research, their useful advice and their endless patience. Without their help, I wouldn’t have been able to accomplish this thesis. Next I would like to thank my family and friends for their continuing support and motivation during the last years of vet school. My parents and partner especially, for all the mental breakdowns they had to endure in periods of exams and deadlines. -
Morphology and Evolution of Sesamoid Elements in Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Morphology and Evolution of Sesamoid Elements in Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) Author(s): http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-3256Lucila Inés Amador, Norberto Pedro Giannini, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-7499Nancy B. Simmons and http:// orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-5011Virginia Abdala Source: American Museum Novitates, (3905):1-40. Published By: American Museum of Natural History https://doi.org/10.1206/3905.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1206/3905.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3905, 38 pp. August 17, 2018 Morphology and Evolution of Sesamoid Elements in Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) LUCILA INÉS AMADOR,1 NORBERTO PEDRO GIANNINI,1, 2, 3 NANCY B. SIMMONS,2 AND VIRGINIA ABDALA4 ABSTRACT Sesamoids are skeletal elements found within a tendon or ligament as it passes around a joint or bony prominence. -
The Histology of Epiphyseal Union in Mammals
J. Anat. (1975), 120, 1, pp. 1-25 With 49 figures Printed in Great Britain The histology of epiphyseal union in mammals R. WHEELER HAINES* Visiting Professor, Department of Anatomy, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London (Accepted 11 November 1974) INTRODUCTION Epiphyseal union may be defined as beginning with the completion of the first mineralized bridge between epiphyseal and diaphyseal bone and ending with the complete disappearance of the cartilaginous epiphyseal plate and its replacement by bone and marrow. The phases have been described by Sidhom & Derry (1931) and many others from radiographs, but histological material showing union in progress is rare, probably because of the rapidity with which union, once begun, comes to completion (Stephenson, 1924; Dawson, 1929). Dawson (1925, 1929) described the histology of 'lapsed union' in rats, where the larger epiphyses at the 'growing ends' of the long bones remain un-united through- out life. He and Becks et al. (1948) also discussed the early and complete type of union found at the distal end of the humerus in the rat. Here a single narrow per- foration pierced the cartilaginous plate near the olecranon fossa and later spread to destroy the whole plate. Lassila (1928) described a different type of union in the metatarsus of the calf, with multiple perforations of the plate. Apart from a few notes on human material (Haines & Mohiuddin, 1960, 1968), nothing else seems to have been published on the histology of union in mammals. In this paper more abundant material from dog and man is presented and will serve as a basis for discussion of the main features of the different types of union. -
Medial Meniscus Anatomy
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of the Posterior Medial Meniscus Anatomy Defining Meniscal Ramp Lesions Nicholas N. DePhillipo,*y MS, ATC, OTC, Gilbert Moatshe,yz§ MD, PhD, Jorge Chahla,z MD, PhD, Zach S. Aman,z BA, Hunter W. Storaci,z MSc, Elizabeth R. Morris,z BA, Colin M. Robbins,z BA, Lars Engebretsen,§ MD, PhD, and Robert F. LaPrade,*k MD, PhD Investigation performed at Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA Background: Meniscal ramp lesions have been defined as a tear of the peripheral attachment of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (PHMM) at the meniscocapsular junction or an injury to the meniscotibial attachment. Precise anatomic descriptions of these structures are limited in the current literature. Purpose: To quantitatively and qualitatively describe the PHMM and posteromedial capsule anatomy pertaining to the location of a meniscal ramp lesion with reference to surgically relevant landmarks. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Fourteen male nonpaired fresh-frozen cadavers were used. The locations of the posteromedial meniscocapsular and meniscotibial attachments were identified. Measurements to surgically relevant landmarks were performed with a coordinate measuring system. To further analyze the posteromedial meniscocapsular and meniscotibial attachments, hematoxylin and eosin and alcian blue staining were conducted on a separate sample of 10 nonpaired specimens. Results: The posterior meniscocapsular attachment had a mean 6 SD length of 20.2 6 6.0 mm and attached posteroinferiorly to the PHMM at a mean depth of 36.4% of the total posterior meniscal height. The posterior meniscotibial ligament attached on the PHMM 16.5 mm posterior and 7.7 mm medial to the center of the posterior medial meniscal root attachment. -
Morphometric Study of Tibial Condylar Area in the North Indian Population. Ankit Srivastava1, Dr
JMSCR Volume||2||Issue||3||Page515-519||March 2014 2014 www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factcor-1.1147 ISSN (e)-2347-176x Morphometric Study of Tibial Condylar area in the North Indian Population. Ankit Srivastava1, Dr. Anjoo Yadav2, Prof. R.J. Thomas3, Ms. Neha Gupta4 1Tutor in AIIMS Bhopal. 2Lecturer in Govt. medical college, Kannauj. 3Professor in Govt. medical college, Kannauj. 4Tutor in Govt. medical college, Kannauj. Email: [email protected] Abstract: The upper end of tibia is expanded to form a mass that consists of two parts: lateral and medial condyles which articulate with the corresponding condylar surfaces of the femur. Separating these two condyles is the intercondylar area whose central part is raised to form the intercondylar eminence. The present study will give information of the exact dimensions and percentage covered by medial and lateral condyles out of total condylar area. This study was undertaken to collect metrical data about the medial and lateral condyles of tibia. The present study was performed on 150 dry tibia of north Indian subjects, Out of which 70 tibia belonged to right side and 80 were of left side. The age and sex of these bones were not known. The anteroposterior length of medial and lateral tibial condylar area was measured along with their transverse diameter. The data was statistically analyzed to hold comparisons between tibia of right and left side and also between medial and lateral tibial condyles of the same side. The area covered by MTC is 38.56% and by LTC is 35.97% out of total condylar area in right side. -
Sesamoid Bone of the Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee Joint
CASE REPORT Eur. J. Anat. 21 (4): 309-313 (2017) Sesamoid bone of the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint Omar M. Albtoush, Konstantin Nikolaou, Mike Notohamiprodjo Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Karls Eberhard Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany SUMMARY tomical relations and the exclusion of other possi- bilities. The variable occurrence of the sesamoid bones This article supports the theory stating that the supports the theory stating that the development development and evolution of the sesamoid bones and evolution of these bones are controlled are controlled through the interaction between in- through the interaction between intrinsic genetic trinsic genetic factors and extrinsic epigenetic stim- factors and extrinsic stimuli. In the present article uli, which can explain their variable occurrence. we report a sesamoid bone at the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint, a newly discovered find- CASE REPORT ing in human and veterinary medicine. We present a case of a 51-year-old female pa- Key words: Sesamoid – MCL – Knee – Fabella – tient, who presented with mild pain at the medial Cyamella aspect of the left knee. No trauma has been re- ported. An unenhanced spiral CT-Scan was per- INTRODUCTION formed with 2 mm thickness, 120 kvp and 100 mAs, which showed preserved articulation of the New structural anatomical discoveries are not so knee joint with neither joint effusion, nor narrowing often encountered. However, their potential occur- of the joint space nor articulating cortical irregulari- rence should be kept in mind, which can eventually ties (Fig. 1). Mild subchondral sclerosis was de- help in a better understanding of patients’ symp- picted at the medial tibial plateau as a sign of early toms and subsequently improve the management osteoarthritis. -
Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury with Medial and Lateral Bucket-Handle Meniscus Tears
THIEME Case Report 21 Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury with Medial and Lateral Bucket-Handle Meniscus Tears Joseph J. Fazalare, MD1,2,3 Jason Payne, MD4 Stephanie L. Stradley, PA3 Thomas M. Best, MD, PhD1,5 Joseph Yu, MD4 David C. Flanigan, MD1,2,3 1 OSU Sports Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Address for correspondence David C. Flanigan, MD, OSU Sports 2 The Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State Medicine Center, 2050 Kenny Road, Suite 3100, Columbus, OH 43221- University, Columbus, Ohio 3502 (e-mail: david.fl[email protected]). 3 Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 4 Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 5 Department of Family Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio J Knee Surg Rep 2015;1:21–24. Abstract We report the case of a healthy 31-year-old female professional billiard player presented with a 5-day history of severe left knee pain after a fall. A magnetic resonance imaging of the left knee showed that she had suffered an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture along with buckle-handle tears of both the medial and lateral meniscus. Both of these menisci had flipped anterior and centrally to the femoral condyles and were lodged in the notch. The patient had also suffered a mild injury to the medial collateral ligament. Keywords Repair of both menisci was performed using an inside-out technique. Following this, an ► meniscus ACL reconstruction was done using a quadrupled hamstring autograft. Endobutton ► ACL rupture fixation (Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA) was used on the femur with a screw and sheath ► bucket-handle used for tibial fixation.