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Apresentando O Software De Editoração Gráfica Scribus Para Ambiente Profissional

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Apresentando O Software De Editoração Gráfica Scribus Para Ambiente Profissional III EPAC - Encontro Paranaense de Computação ISSN:1981-8653 Apresentando o software de editoração gráfica Scribus para ambiente profissional Jéfer Benedett Dörr1 1UNIPAN – União Pan-Americana de Ensino Avenida Brasil, 7210 - Centro - Cascavel - PR - Brasil [email protected] Resumo. Este artigo apresenta uma alternativa livre aos softwares de Desktop Publishing, a editoração eletrônica. Será apresentado o Scribus, alternativa aos programas comerciais mais usados para editoração eletrônica e avaliado se ele tem maturidade para ser utilizado em ambiente gráfico profissional e se não, o que este faltando para isto. 1. Introdução O mercado gráfico, no setor de editoração gráfica, sempre foi dominado pelos softwares proprietários. É através dos programas de diagramação que se finaliza um projeto gráfico e a comunidade Open Source um grande representante que é o Scribus, uma alternativa livre aos softwares proprietários e caros que será brevemente apresentado e avaliado neste artigo. Ele será uma alternativa inicial a uma migração completa para um ambiente em software livre, faz-se necessária a apresentação do software também em ambiente Windows por este sistema ainda ser o mais usado no ambiente gráfico devido aos softwares utilizados. 2. Editoração Eletrônica Editoração eletrônica, (acrônimo DTP, vindo do inglês Desktop Publishing), também chamada diagramação, é a edição de publicações desde o seu lay-out, passando pela edição de texto, até a separação de cores, com o auxílio do computador para páginas da web, jornais, revistas, folhetos, posters, catálogos e elementos gráficos. [2]. A DTP tem a finalidade de informar e ilustrar informações sobre produtos e serviços de forma atrativa e organizada. O fluxo de trabalho na DTP profissional é o de digitar os textos, tratar e editar as imagens, criar as ilustrações, diagramar todos os elementos do impresso, fechar o arquivo e finalizar a arte. Diagramar significa posicionar, nas páginas a serem impressas, todos os componentes do projeto, como blocos de texto, imagens e ilustrações, além dos _______________________________________________________________________ 51 III EPAC - Encontro Paranaense de Computação ISSN:1981-8653 elementos que vão servir na hora de acabamento como aparar bordas e dobrar os cadernos, por exemplo. 2.1. Histórico Uma peça importante para o princípio da DTP foi Macintosh da Apple, em 1984 um dos primeiros a oferecer uma GUI (graphical user interface). Possibilitando trabalhar com os softwares de forma gráfica, sendo mais interativo, pois permitia clicar com o mouse em áreas específicas do monitor. Em Julho de 1985 foi lançado pela Aldus o programa Aldus PageMaker v1.0 para o recém aparecido Apple Macintosh que juntamente com a impressora LaserWriter da Apple Computer foi uma grande evolução para a DTP, permitindo a diagramação de forma eletrônica e com isto muito mais fácil, rápida e a custos substancialmente mais baixos. Tanto o Macintosh, figura 1 (a), como o software PageMaker baseavam-se na Adobe PostScript (page description language). A impressora que primeiro integrou PostScript foi o Apple LaserWriter, vista na figura 1 (b). [1] E posteriormente modificada para o uso em monitores. Postscript é uma linguagem originalmente de programação especializada para visualização de informações, uma linguagem de descrição de páginas. A linguagem fornece comandos específicos para o desenho de letras e figuras, incluindo comandos de traçado e formas de representação de imagens, o seu uso no Pagemaker e na LaserWriter alavancou o desenvolvimento da DTP. [2], [3]. A Apple vinha numa época de dificuldades, o lançamento da LaserWriter, figura 1 (b), a primeira impressora PostScript, com resolução de 300 dpi e velocidade de 8 páginas por minuto. Esta solução conjunta foi um sucesso e fez do Macintosh o equipamento ideal para editoração de baixo custo [4], [5]. (b) Apple LaserWriter II (a) Macintosh da Apple - 1984 Figura 1. Equipamento para editoração de baixo custo. 3. Softwares Comerciais Os softwares comerciais mais usados profissionalmente para DTP são apresentados abaixo: _______________________________________________________________________ 52 III EPAC - Encontro Paranaense de Computação ISSN:1981-8653 3.1. Adobe PageMaker O Adobe® PageMaker® está na sua versão 7.0, é um programa de layout de páginas pioneiro desenvolvido pela Adobe1. Em 1985 teve seu lançamento, produzido pela empresa Aldus, em 1995 foi comprado pela Adobe. Programa que fez grande sucesso por ser prático e um dos primeiros, hoje apresenta-se descontinuado no desenvolvimento mas a Adobe continua prestando suporte. A Figura 2 (a) mostra a janela principal do Pagemaker e a figura 2 (b) caixa do produto. A Adobe ainda oferece como alternativa aos clientes da versão atual do PageMaker uma atualização para o Adobe InDesign® CS4 por um preço especial. (b) Caixa do produto PageMaker (a) Janela principal - Pagemaker Figura 2. Pagemaker 3.2. Adobe Indesign Adobe Indesign é o substituto do PageMarker. Hoje junto com os programas como Photoshop e Illustrator também da Adobe, formam as principais ferramentas de trabalho utilizadas por agências de publicidade, editoras de jornais e revistas, indústrias de embalagens, departamentos de marketing e afins. [14] A figura 3 (a) mostra a janela principal do Indesign e a figura 3 (b) caixa do produto. 1 Adobe Systems é uma empresa norte-americana fundada em 1982, responsável por programas como Flash, Shockwave, Photoshop, Illustrator, Premiere, InDesign, Dreamweaver entre outros. _______________________________________________________________________ 53 III EPAC - Encontro Paranaense de Computação ISSN:1981-8653 (b) Caixa do produto Indesign (a) Janela principal do Indesign Figura 3. Indesign 3.3. QuarkXPress O QuarkXPress surgiu em 1987 para o Machintosh e em 1992 lançou uma versão para a arquitetura do personal computer (PC). Chegou a ter a maior parte do mercado de software de editoração durante os anos 90, quando então a Adobe lançou o Indesign. Atualmente na sua versão 8, é largamente usado por revistas, jornais, agências de propaganda, gráficas, publicações corporativas, catálogos, editoras de livros e outras. (b) Caixa do produdo QuarkXpress (a) Janela principal do QuarXpress Figura 4. QuarkXPress 3.4. Ventura Desenvolvido pela Ventura Software, teve sua primeira versão em 1986. No ano de 1993 foi adquirido pela Corel Corporation2. Com mais de 20 anos no mercado, esteve 2 A Corel Corporation é uma empresa canadense, fundada em 1985 responsável pelo CorelVentura além de programas como CorelDraw, CorelPhotoPaint.... _______________________________________________________________________ 54 III EPAC - Encontro Paranaense de Computação ISSN:1981-8653 os últimos anos sem receber atualização. Atualmente o Corel Ventura está sua versão 10. O Corel Ventura é o software responsável pela diagramação do maior dicionário da língua portuguesa, o Houassis. A maioria dos profissionais que fazem a editoração de bíblias utilizam o Ventura. [9] 3.5. Programas Não Específicos Utilizados Para DTP Os softwares acima eram softwares específicos para DTP, no entanto existem outros programas não específicos que são também usados para o serviço. Por exemplo: • Corel Draw: é um programa de desenho vetorial bidimensional para design gráfico desenvolvido pela Corel Corporation lançado em 1988. A Suíte de Aplicativos Gráficos Corel Draw® X4 é muito utilizada para criar logotipos, desenhos profissionais, anúncios, sendo utilizado como ferramenta de DTP para pequenas edições e folders. • Microsoft Word: é um processador de texto produzido pela Microsoft que alguns utilizam como ferramenta de DTP. Foi criado por Richard Brodie para computadores IBM PC com o sistema operacional DOS em 1983. 4. Scribus O Scribus teve sua primeira versão lançada em 2003 e é uma alternativa livre aos softwares de DTP comerciais. O Scribus tem todas as ferramentas necessárias para produzir catálogos, livros, revistas e toda a variedade de produtos gráficos. Seu fechamento de arquivo em Portable Document Format (PDF). A vantagem do PDF é que ele tem a mesma aparência dos documentos originais e preserva as informações dos arquivos de origem independentemente do aplicativo utilizado para criá-lo, o que é ótimo para o setor gráfico. [6] 4.1. Licença O Scribus é um software totalmente livre e sem custos, está licenciado sob a GNU General Public License (Licença Pública Geral), também chamada apenas de GPL, idealizada por Richard Stallman no final da década de 1980. A GPL define 4 liberdades para o software: executar o programa para qualquer propósito acessar o código fonte, estudar como o programa funciona e adaptá-lo para as suas necessidades, redistribuir cópias e aperfeiçoá-lo. [7] 4.2. Instalação O Scribus é um software multiplataforma, com suporte para GNU/Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, OS/2 e Windows, o que aumenta ainda mais a possibilidade de seu uso. Ele carrega consigo a licença GPL para todas as estas plataformas. _______________________________________________________________________ 55 III EPAC - Encontro Paranaense de Computação ISSN:1981-8653 Os arquivos do Scribus estão disponíveis no site SourceForge.net3, a instalação demonstrada em duas diferentes distribuições GNU/Linux e no sistema operacional Windows por ser largamente utilizado no setor gráfico. 4.2. 1. Windows Antes de instalar o Scribus no Windows, faz-se necessário instalar o Ghostscript4, disponível no sourceforge no link5. Para instalar o Scribus no Microsoft Windows é necessário fazer o download da instalação, disponível no link do sourgeforge6.
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