Language | Technology | Business

Medical Translating traditional Chinese medicine The role of information technology in pandemics An introduction to veterinary translation Translation needs of the medical industry Technical experts help in medical Localization — an Indian perspective issues in Java and elsewhere

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04 Multicorpora ad #92.indd 4 10/30/07 4:13:52 PM u ti in ua M l L g December 2007l Language | Technology | Business #92 Volume 18 Issue 8

Q Up Front Q Feature Articles Q 6 www.multilingual.com Q Industry Focus Q 7 Post Editing 35 Translating traditional Chinese medicine Q News — Marnae C. Ergil & Kevin V. Ergil Q 8 News 39 The role of information technology Q 21 Calendar in pandemics — Earl Mardle 44 An introduction to veterinary translation Q Reviews — Fabio Ercole & Susan McLeish-Krieger 22 SDL Trados 2007 49 Translation needs of the medical industry Reviewed by Thomas Waßmer — Marta Dalmau Gonzales Up Front Q Columns and Commentary 52 Technical experts help in medical translations — Angela Starkmann-Lehr 27 Off the Map — Tom Edwards 30 World Savvy — John Freivalds Q Translation 32 The Business Side — Adam Asnes 55 Managing quality in translation — Melissa Scofi eld 86 Takeaway — Jeff Allen Q Languages 57 Localization — an Indian perspective — Rakesh Kumar Q Business 64 Localization World returns to Seattle waterfront — Laurel Wagers 67 M&A uncovered: a worry-free closing — André P. Pellet Q Tech 69 Apostrophe issues in Java and elsewhere — Peter Mork 73 Basics About the Cover Q These nine ways to say “Hello” are emblazoned on a stairwell wall in Montréal. Q 76 Buyer’s Guide 85 Advertiser Index

www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual 5

05 Contents #92.indd 5 10/30/07 4:14:42 PM on the web at www.multilingual.com

Downloads — Free internationalization course MultiLingual #92 Volume 18 Issue 8 December 2007 Have you wondered about software internationalization but weren’t quite sure where to start? We have the information for you — at no Editor-in-Chief, Publisher: Donna Parrish cost! A course on this topic was created by G. Watson Internationalization Managing Editor: Laurel Wagers Services and can now be downloaded from www.multilingual.com Translation Dept. Editor: Jim Healey Copy Editor: Cecilia Spence The materials cover a range of topics, including general internationalization issues, C, C++, Java, international components for News: Kendra Gray Unicode and testing issues. These materials have been used to deliver Illustrator: Doug Jones commercial, instructor-led courses. Each topic was covered in a Production: Sandy Compton half-day course and includes between 100 and 150 slides. Cover Photograph: Doug Jones Webmaster: Aric Spence Because these course materials are being placed in the public domain, they can be used for any purpose without obligation. Assistant: Shannon Abromeit Circulation: Terri Jadick Download the course for free at www.multilingual.com/courseMaterials Advertising Director: Jennifer Del Carlo Advertising: Kevin Watson, Bonnie Merrell Editorial Board Jeff Allen, Julieta Coirini, Bill Hall, Aki Ito, Nancy A. Locke, Downloads — Getting Started Guides Ultan Ó Broin, Angelika Zerfaß Advertising All of our Getting Started Guides are available to [email protected] readers for free download. You may download a LOCALIZATION October/November 2007 GGETTETTIN NGG SSTARTEDTARTED Guide www.multilingual.com/advertising print-quality (larger size) or screen-quality PDF fi le of 208-263-8178 each of our 24 guides, including our newest, Get- Getting Started ® Subscriptions, back issues, in Local zat on

Moving Beyond the ting Started Guide: Localization. These guides are ® Ad Hocracy of Localization customer service

Technical Challenges ® valuable introductory overviews to topics such as and Localizat on Tools [email protected] Five Steps From ® localization, writing for translation, internationalization, Local to Global www.multilingual.com/ Audio Local zation for ® and different geographic regions. Language Service Providers subscriptionInformation Download guides free at www.multilingual.com/gsg Submissions, letters [email protected] Editorial guidelines are available at www.multilingual.com/editorialWriter Reprints: [email protected] How to use www.multilingual.com MultiLingual Computing, Inc. 319 North First Avenue, Suite 2 GO TO the home page to see daily news updates and links Sandpoint, Idaho 83864-1495 USA to new website content as well as current job postings. [email protected] MANAGE your print or digital subscription at www.multilingual.com www.multilingual.com/subscriptionInformation © MultiLingual Computing, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction FIND a technology or service by searching our database without permission is prohibited. For reprints and e-prints, please of more than 1,600 industry resources at e-mail [email protected] or call 208-263-8178. MultiLingual (ISSN 1523-0309), December 2007, is published www.multilingual.com/industryResources monthly except Jan-Feb, Apr-May, Jul-Aug, Oct-Nov for US $58, international $85 per year by MultiLingual Computing, Inc., CHECK OUT CURRENT THOUGHTS from the MultiLingual editorial 319 North First Avenue, Suite 2, Sandpoint, ID 83864-1495. Periodicals postage paid at Sandpoint, ID and additional mailing offi ces. board at www.multilingualblog.com POSTMASTER: Send address changes to MultiLingual, 319 North First Avenue, Suite 2, Sandpoint, ID 83864-1495. PLAN your travels by checking the calendar of events at www.multilingual.com/calendar

6 | MultiLingual December 2007

06 Masthead #92.indd 6 10/30/07 4:15:41 PM Laurel Wagers Post Editing

Mixed messages

Good news, maybe-good news, events that bear watching: Q , the people behind , has launched (here on this earth in Tshiluba, a language from the Congo), www.panwapa.com, as part of an initiative to “inspire global citizenship and community participation Gin kids ages four to seven,” in the words of GlobalWorks, the advertising agency You to Brought that adapted materials for Chinese, Spanish, Japanese and Arabic. Educational kits and guides aside, it has bright colors, minimal text, friendly monsters and the opportunity to learn about how Siberian nomad kids live. Q Global communities, crowdsourcing and new media (and is new media already NET Localization the Expertsby in . old news?) were on the agenda both at the highly technical Internationalization and Unicode Conference 31 and at the more business-oriented Localization World Seattle. Are localizers ready to work via wiki? Set up branches in Second Life? Check résumés on Facebook ? Are large numbers of translators — or their clients — ready to share terminology through blogs? Move to free and open-source software? And then there’s software as a service, a trend that has been developing in translation memory and spreading throughout workfl ow and content management. We are working in a more virtual world all the time. Q The situation for translators in Iraq might improve — but legislation to allow more US visas for them, while it passed the US Senate in late September, had not passed the House of Representatives at this writing. A bill to address the wider Iraqi refugee crisis passed the Senate and has been added to the Defense Authorization bill. Q CCTV (English) reports that construction has begun on a museum to focus on the research, protection and promotion of Chinese characters and the Chinese language. The main building is scheduled for completion by the end of June 2008. An earlier People’s Daily Online report says the site is the city of Anyang in Henan province (central China), where hundreds of thousands of jiaguwen (oracle bone) inscriptions have been found. These inscriptions date to the Shang Dynasty — sixteenth to eleventh centuries BCE. (See Tom Emerson’s article “Chinese Script Simplifi cation” in MultiLingual #52 December 2002, as well as the character-based work of artist Xu Bing at www.xubing.com.) In this issue . . . We look fi rst at some aspects of translation that involve medicine and the medical industry. Looking at two different medical cultures, Marnae C. Ergil and Kevin V. Ergil explain how translating traditional Chinese medicine is much more than terminology. Branching out from the specifi cally human, Fabio Ercole and Susan McLeish-Krieger describe the challenges of translating in the veterinary arena. Earl Mardle offers suggestions on how the IT community can help nations prepare to meet a pandemic; Marta Dalmau Gonzalez details the kinds and variety of materials that translators face; Angela Starkmann-Lehr offers a translator’s comments on working with subject-matter experts in medical translation; and Melissa Scofi eld describes quality assurance procedures. Thomas Waßmer reviews SDL Trados 2007; columnists Tom Edwards, John Freivalds and Adam Asnes share their thoughts on color, passion and keeping projects on schedule. André P. Pellet advises merger/acquisition participants on closings; Rakesh Kumar explains the language situation in India. Peter Mork clarifi es the problem of apostrophes in Java and other code, and Jeff Allen offers a Takeaway on sharing language data. Thanks for being part of this exciting 2007 — and a happy 2008 to all! : Makes Your Software Ready for the Global Market Global the for SoftwareReady Your Makes

www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual | 7

07 PostEditing #92.indd 7 10/30/07 4:16:25 PM Announcements third straight year on an Inc. list. Welocalize usage fi gures across all sites where the service also ranked number 46 in this year’s Business is available now total 38 million. ATA surpasses Services category. PPROMTROMT [email protected] 10,000 members Iverson Language Associates, Inc., a lan- www.e-promt.com The American Translators Asso- guage services company, was recently added ciation (ATA) has surpassed 10,000 to the Inc. 5,000 list. Russian/US teachers members. Founded in 1959, the ATA WWelocalizeelocalize [email protected] fi nd universal language is the largest professional associa- www.welocalize.com A group of 17 Russian teachers was in tion of translators and interpreters IIversonverson LLanguageanguage Associates,Associates, IInc.nc. Missoula, Montana, during October 2007, in the with members [email protected] looking for more bridges between their in over 80 countries. In the past ten www.iversonlang.com different educational styles. They were

News years, the $11 billion translating and part of a US State Department program interpreting services industry has called “Teachers to Teachers: Language, experienced tremendous growth, Technology, Math and Science Exchange.” increasing at a rate of 10% to 15% Despite a language barrier and an unfamil- annually, particularly in the areas iar hand-held graphing calculator, Russian of the global marketplace, health science teacher Marina Burdasova held her care and national security. The own during a visit to Big Sky math teacher rapidly evolving global economy DeeAnn Mooney’s advanced algebra class. has given rise to a greater demand While Burdasova spoke no English and no for translation services, and translators and one in Mooney’s class spoke Russian, num- interpreters are being acknowledged as an bers crossed the cultural divide. indispensable force in the global arena. The Russian teachers prefer their style AAmericanmerican TTranslatorsranslators AssociationAssociation of fi rm divisions between scientifi c disci- [email protected], www.atanet.org plines. Chemistry and biology would rarely Alpha CRC celebrates be combined at the Russian high school ACP Traductera twentieth anniversary level the way they are in the United States. receives ISO 9001:2000 Alpha CRC Ltd., a localization solutions Even so, Mooney said she was impressed ACP Traductera, a language service pro- provider, has celebrated its twentieth anni- with the methods the two systems shared. vider, has been awarded the ISO 9001:2000 versary. Founded with a team of fi ve in 1987, While Russian students rarely work with certifi cate by the internationally recognized the company now employs 130 full-time calculators, they do similar lessons with TÜV NORD certifi cation body. Specializing in staff and has in-house translation teams larger computers. Central and Eastern European languages, ACP working into 19 different languages. Alpha’s UUniversityniversity ofof MontanaMontana Traductera provides translation and localiza- translators are supported by specialists in [email protected] tion services to foreign investors in the region project management, engineering, desktop www.umt.edu/ip/default.htm and to global language solution providers. publishing/graphics, audio and quality assur- AACPCP TTraducteraraductera ance (QA). Deloitte & Touche Fast 50 [email protected], www.traductera.com Alpha CRC also has expanded its in-house The Deloitte & Touche’s Technology Fast translation, project management, QA, con tent 50 is a ranking of the 50 fastest growing Epic Translations updates website management, multimedia and engineering technology, telecommunications, life sci- Epic Translations, a translation, transcrip- teams to enhance its “all-under-one-roof” ences and media companies in a region by tion and interpretation services provider, service. The specifi c focus for Alpha’s recruit- Deloitte & Touche USA LLP, a professional has updated its website. The website rede- ment has been in multimedia, content man- services organization. Rankings are based sign is modularized so that quote requests agement and globalization management on the percentage revenue growth over and linguist job applications can be better systems, an area where the company is fi ve years from 2002-2006. Companies managed, thus resulting in the ability to do building its own knowledge base. from the 16 regional Technology Fast 50 more with less resources. AAlphalpha CRCCRC Ltd.Ltd. programs in the United States and Canada EEpicpic TTranslationsranslations [email protected] [email protected], www.alphacrc.com are automatically entered in Deloitte’s www.epictranslations.com Technology Fast 500 program, which ranks PROMT online translations grow North America’s top 500 fastest growing Industry LSPs make Inc. 5,000 list PROMT, a developer of machine translation technology, media, life sciences and tele- The Inc. 5,000 represents companies that software, has announced the increased usage communications companies. have had signifi cant revenue growth over of its online translation service (www.online- Acclaro Inc., a translation and localization four consecutive years; are independent and translator.com) by more than 70% compared solutions provider, has been recognized in privately held; and are based in the United to 2006 activity. The complimentary service Deloitte’s Technology Fast 50 Program for States. Companies are ranked on percentage enables people around the world to translate the New York region. revenue growth from 2003 to 2006. text among 24 different language pairs with a Translations.com, a language and tech- Welocalize was ranked number 859 on single click. According to the company, more nology solutions company, has also been the Inc. 5,000 list. With a three-year sales than 260,000 people around the world are named to the Fast 50 for New York. growth of 404.7%, the company earned its making use of the service every day. Monthly Welocalize, a provider of localization and

8 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

08-19 News #92.indd 8 10/30/07 4:18:04 PM News

translation services, has been named to the MultiLing’s services make the new offi ce a Fast 50 program for the Maryland area. natural step in the company’s growth and AAcclarocclaro Inc.Inc. [email protected] development. www.acclaro.com MultiLing also has a branch offi ce in Events TTranslations.comranslations.com [email protected] Stamberg, Germany. Founded in 1988, www.translations.com MultiLing currently operates with represen- WWelocalizeelocalize [email protected] tatives in 21 countries. Its translators are www.welocalize.com supported by MultiLing’s proprietary trans- lation memory tool FORTIS and terminology Changes management system SEMANTIS. MMultiLingultiLing CorporationCorporation across comes to [email protected] Managing Global Websites across Systems GmbH, a manufacturer of www.multiling.com and eCommerce Conference corporate translation management systems, has expanded its operations to Glendale, Business California. Daniel Nackovski and Armin Wahl will manage the new offi ce and operations Vasont partners with In.vision for the North American business of across. Vasont Systems, a provider of content aacrosscross SSystemsystems GGmbHmbH management software and data services, [email protected], www.across.net and In.vision Research, a provider of Localization software for enterprise XML authoring, Management Roundtable SDL now in Brazil have announced a partnership designed SDL International, a provider of global to closely integrate their products in order information management solutions, has to further meet the needs of publishing set up a new offi ce in São Paulo, Brazil. clients. Under the terms of the agreement, The new offi ce will have responsibility for Vasont Systems, whose content manage- dealing with localization requirements of ment system enables organizations to corporations in the region — both deliver- manage and store multilingual content, Project Managers Roundtable ing content into the region and helping will create an extension that allows Xpress companies take content out of the region Author for users to access, into other languages. The offi ce will be store, search and re-use structured content managed by Iara Pasqualucci, a 16-year stored in Vasont databases. veteran of the localization industry. VVasontasont SystemsSystems SSDLDL IInternationalnternational [email protected], www.vasont.com [email protected], www.sdl.com Lionbridge signs Seminars agreement with Philips Lionbridge Technologies, Inc., a provider of globalization and offshoring services, has signed a master services agreement with Royal Philips Electronics as a preferred translation services partner. Lionbridge pro- vides Philips with an array of multilingual Certification Program content services, including internationaliza- tion; XML consulting; localization of soft- ware; online support and documentation; and interpretation services across more than 23 languages. Philips is a provider of health care, lifestyle and technology products, ser- MultiLing in Germany, South Korea vices and solutions. Localization World MultiLing Corporation, a language ser- LLionbridgeionbridge Technologies,Technologies, Inc.Inc. vices and technology company, has opened [email protected], www.lionbridge.com its fourth international offi ce in Seoul, South Korea. According to the US State Welocalize acquires Localize Department, South Korea’s dynamic econ- Technologies, achieves Platinum The omy is the eleventh largest in the world, Welocalize, a provider of globalization and its economic growth over the last 30 services, has acquired Localize Technologies, Localization years has been “spectacular.” These facts a high-tech localization company located Institute and the number of South Korean compa- near , California. Localize Tech- nies that have already expressed interest in nologies provides Welocalize the specialized 608.233.1790 www.localizationinstitute.com www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual | 9

08-19 News #92.indd 9 10/30/07 4:18:05 PM News

expertise in meeting the demands of high- systems, has announced that Welocalize, TranslateMedia translates volume technology clients. In turn, Localize a member in the Idiom LSP Partner Pro- for CLICKintoPR.com Technologies customers gain access to a gram, has been moved up to the Platinum TranslateMedia, a digital document trans- global platform of language, engineering, tier of the program. lation provider, has become a CLICKintoPR media and publishing services. WWelocalizeelocalize [email protected] .com preferred partner to translate customer Idiom Technologies, Inc., developers of www.welocalize.com press releases into any target language software-as-a-service and on-premise IIdiomdiom Technologies,Technologies, Inc.Inc. required. CLICKintoPR.com, an online public server-based globalization management [email protected], www.idiominc.com relation service, includes press releases, case studies, feature articles, press packs, web page writing and mail shot letters. TTranslateMediaranslateMedia [email protected] www.translatemedia.com

Pain # 9: Am I spending too Voxtec lands US Navy contract Voxtec International, Inc., a manufacturer much or too little? of mobile speech-to-speech translation devices, has been awarded a fi ve-year con- tract from the Naval Air Systems Command Aircraft Division. Under the Small Business Innovative Research Phase III indefi nite delivery/indefi nite quantity contract, the Navy will purchase an unspecifi ed num- ber of Voxtec’s Phraselator P2 hand-held devices, which facilitates accurate commu- nication in different languages without a human translator. According to Voxtec, the contract also covers future research, devel- opment and refi nement of the Phraselator’s

Design by Jorge Marinho - 2tr So uções G obais phrase-based language technology. Common Sense VVoxtecoxtec IInternational,nternational, Inc.Inc. Advisory [email protected], www.voxtec.com Call +1.+1.978.275.0500 . . 0 or visit www.commonsenseadvisory.com Clay Tablet signs agreement with SDL Clay Tablet Technologies, a provider of unique integration software that connects any content management system with any translation system, has announced a stra- tegic partnership with SDL International, a provider of global information manage- ment solutions. The partnership allows Clay Tablet to provide out-of-the-box integra- tion software that enables multiple content management systems to be integrated with the SDL Translation Management System. CClaylay TabletTablet TechnologiesTechnologies [email protected], www.clay-tablet.com SSDLDL IInternationalnternational [email protected], www.sdl.com

Translations.com and Adams Globalization merge Translations.com, a provider of technol- ogy-enabled language solutions, has com- pleted a merger with Adams Globalization, a localization service provider. Adams Global- ization will become a division of Translations .com and will continue to be led by its cur- rent president Bernd Cafulli, who will join the senior management team of the combined

10 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

08-19 News #92.indd 10 10/30/07 4:18:06 PM News

companies. Adams Globalization’s localiza- Linguistic Systems integrates Multilizer partners tion services team will remain in place and with Language Weaver with CodeGear and nCore continue to serve their clients. Allan Adams, Language Weaver, a company develop- Multilizer, Inc., a localization and trans- founder and chairman of Adams Globaliza- ing enterprise software for the automated lation software solutions provider, has tion, will retire from the business. translation of human languages, has signed signed an agreement with LMD Innovative TTranslations.comranslations.com [email protected] a strategic marketing and workfl ow inte- and Raize Software, component vendors www.translations.com gration agreement with Linguistic Systems for CodeGear development tools. Multilizer AAdamsdams GlobalizationGlobalization (LSI), Inc., which offers a range of desktop users will benefi t by having more complete [email protected] publishing resources in addition to its visual translation capabilities. The clients www.adamsglobalization.com translation capabilities. The integration expands Language Weaver’s presence in the language services industry and busi- ness-to-business translation market and 1UALITYISMORETHANJUSTAWORD adds fully-automated language capabilities and partial automation offerings to LSI’s human translation solutions. LLinguisticinguistic Systems,Systems, Inc.Inc. [email protected], www.linguist.com LLanguageanguage WeaverWeaver [email protected] www.languageweaver.com

ABLE forms alliance with CCI ABLE Innovations, LLC, a provider of translation solutions, has formed a strategic CDC Corporation sells business alliance with Culture Coach Inter- Ion Global to Aegis Group national (CCI), a specialized business in the Aegis Group plc, a media communica- areas of organizational culture, diversity &SSPS4QZ  tions and market research group, signed and cultural competency. CCI offers con- agreements to acquire the consolidated sulting, training programs and executive 4HE QUALITY ASSURANCE SOFTWARE Ion Global network, an interactive market- coaching services. Under the partnership FOR TRANSLATIONS ing services business unit, from CDC Cor- arrangement, ABLE and CCI will incorporate (OWCANYOUENSURETHATTHE TECHNICAL poration. Upon completion of the deal, Ion one another’s capabilities into their service TERMSOFYOURCOMPANYAREUSEDCORRECTLY Global will become part of Isobar, Aegis’ offerings to provide a more comprehensive ANDCONSISTENTLYINAPAGEMANUAL global digital agency network. Ion Global solution for end users. %RROR3PY CHECKS specializes in digital marketing solutions AABLEBLE IInnovations,nnovations, LLLCLC ’ 0ROPER USE OF TERMINOLOGY ’ !CCURACY OF NUMBERS with business offi ces in Seoul, San Fran- [email protected] ’ &ORMAT OF YOUR TEXTS cisco and Hong Kong. www.ableinnovations.com ’ #OMPLETENESS OF THE TRANSLATION IIonon GGloballobal [email protected] ’ )NTEGRITYOFTAGS  ANDMUCHMORE www.ionglobal.com TEMIS and Mark Logic combine technology %RROR3PY AUTOMATICALLY GENERATES ’ ALISTOFERRORSAND acrolinx and Idiom TEMIS, a developer of text analytics soft- ’ A CUSTOMIZED EVALUATION OF THE expand partnership ware, has entered into a strategic alliance TRANSLATION QUALITY acrolinx GmbH, a producer of quality with Mark Logic Corporation to provide &ORMATS SUPPORTED assurance tools for technical information, publishers with a content intelligence ’ !LL4RADOSFORMATS24& 448 and Idiom Technologies, Inc., developers application based on combined solutions of ’ 4RANSLATION -EMORIES 4-8 4RADOS of software-as-a-service and on-premise Luxid for Publishing and MarkLogic Server. ’ "ILINGUAL TEXT lLES ’ 4RANSIT lLES server-based globalization management TEMIS addresses the unstructured multi- &REELANCE VERSION  €  systems, have signed an original equip- lingual information management needs of &ULL VERSION  €  ment manufacturer partnership. Under the content providers. Luxid for Publishing, its 0LEASE ADD LOCAL TAXES WHERE APPROPRIATE new agreement, Idiom will include acrolinx information intelligence solution, provides 3ERVER BASED VERSION ALSO AVAILABLE technology as part of WorldServer to give media and publishing corporations with customers terminology life cycle manage- automated content indexing through ment in a single end-to-end solution for semantic annotation and content cat- term validation, maintenance and usage egorization. The MarkLogic Server enables processes. publishers to convert, query, manipulate aacrolinxcrolinx GGmbHmbH and render XML content using the W3C- $/' $OKUMENTATION OHNE 'RENZEN 'MB( [email protected], www.acrolinx.com standard XQuery language. % -AIL INFO DOG GMBHDE IIdiomdiom Technologies,Technologies, Inc.Inc. TTEMISEMIS [email protected] WWWDOG GMBHDE s WWWMULTILINGUAL PRODUCTSCOM [email protected], www.idiominc.com www.temis-group.com

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of the component vendors benefi t by the management systems, has also partnered This includes further progress with enhanced availability of a localization and translation with across. Clay Tablet software uses the machine translation approaches, advanced tool that supports their way of developing open interfaces of the across Language leveraging technology and plans to establish software. Server to help connect it to any content a language data sharing industry coop- Multilizer has also partnered with nCore management system, enterprise resource erative. The company’s strategy is based on Ltd., a provider of localization software planning systems or other data sources working closely with independent technol- solutions for embedded devices. The compa- and to automate recurring translation ogy suppliers and achieving excellence in nies have developed a plug-in that enables processes. the use and customization of independent, Multilizer’s tools to translate the language aacrosscross SystemsSystems GmbHGmbH non-captive technologies. This approach is fi les from nCore’s nRes Resource Manager. [email protected], www.across.net complemented by custom development that With Multilizer, nCore’s clients have access PPlunetlunet GmbHGmbH integrates these open technologies and sup- to translation tools, including automatic [email protected], www.plunet.de port for open standards. translation quality checks, translation repos- CClaylay TabletTablet TechnologiesTechnologies MMoraviaoravia WorldwideWorldwide itories and translation memories, machine [email protected], www.clay-tablet.com [email protected] translation, translation process automation www.moraviaworldwide.com and so on. MAart Agency becomes MMultilizer,ultilizer, Inc.Inc. Idiom LSP member Financial [email protected], www.multilizer.com MAart Agency Ltd., a language service pro- nnCoreCore Ltd.Ltd. ncore@ncore.fi , www.ncore.fi vider, has become an Advantage member of Idiom closes funding round the Idiom Technologies LSP Partner Program. Idiom Technologies, Inc., developers of across partners with MAart Agency will integrate Idiom World- software-as-a-service and on-premise server- Plunet, Clay Tablet Server with its Microsoft Dynamics ERP and based globalization management systems, across Systems GmbH, a provider of cor- CRM system through the Business Portal. has closed an $8M round of funding, with all porate translation management software, MMAartAart AAgencygency LLtd.td. proceeds coming from existing investors. and Plunet, a provider of business manage- [email protected], www.maart.pl Idiom will use the funding to continue its ment software for translation services and IIdiomdiom Technologies,Technologies, Inc.Inc. sales growth in the translation and localiza- agencies, have partnered their technologies. [email protected], www.idiominc.com tion industry. For two years, Idiom has fol- Plunet solutions expand the project manage- lowed a strategy to align more closely with ment components of across with options, Moravia mission milestones partners as it delivers its next-generation including translator management and trans- Moravia Worldwide, a globalization solu- translation management platform. lation project accounting. tion provider, has announced the upcom- IIdiomdiom Technologies,Technologies, Inc.Inc. Clay Tablet Technologies, a developer ing milestones in its mission to advance the [email protected], www.idiominc.com of software that integrates any content adoption of translation technology and the management systems with any translation sharing of language data across the industry. People Tek expands management team Tek Translation International S.A., a pro- vider of globalization services, has expanded its OneWorld Solution sales and marketing drive in Europe and the United States. To support its global expansion, Tek has added three new senior executives to its manage- ment team. Russell Trounce, based in Los Angeles, was named vice president (VP) of sales for the Americas; Julie-Anne Holmes, based in Dublin, as VP of sales for Europe; and Daniel Gray, based in Los Angeles, as German Localization Provider director of information technology sales for the United States. 9 Trounce comes to Tek with 14 years of experience in the localization industry, most 9 recently as VP of sales at Lionbridge. Prior %NGLISH  'ERMAN to that, he was VP of sales and business  development for Bowne Global Solutions. € PER WORD 9 A 13-year industry veteran, Holmes joins 9 Tek from Redstone Technology. Prior to that, $ISCOUNTS AVAILABLE FOR LARGE CONTRACTS AND AGENCIES 9 she served as VP of European sales for Bowne Global Solutions. !SK FOR OUR #OMPANY  0RICES BROCHURE 4HINK 'LOBAL 'MB( \ "ERLIN \ 'ERMANY Gray comes to Tek from Lionbridge, where 4EL   ˆ     \ MLC THINK GLOBALCOM WWWTHINK GLOBALCOM he held a number of positions in the past

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decade, most recently director of sales. other capabilities. Several of its components search terminology using shortcuts from any TTekek TTranslationranslation InternationalInternational S. A.A. can be used in third-party MT products. document in any program; and import and [email protected], www.tektrans.com DDigitaligital SonataSonata PtyPty LtdLtd export in .csv, .txt and .xls formats as well [email protected] as Unicode. www.digitalsonata.com AAdvanceddvanced IInternationalnternational TTranslationsranslations [email protected] Author-it 5.0 with Xtend www.translation3000.com Author-it Software Corporation, a devel- oper of software for authoring, content Plone 3.0.1 management, publishing and localization, Plone, a ready-to-run, open-source con- has introduced Author-it 5.0, designed to tent management system that is built on the be the fi rst content management system to Zope application server, has been released include interactive authoring memory. The in version 3.0.1, thus fi xing several minor memory product feature is called Xtend — a problems that were found by users and patent-pending technology for the re-use integrators after the 3.0 release. Plone can and sharing of content and knowledge be used as an intranet and extranet server; Language Weaver adds within an organization. Author-it 5.0 has a document publishing system; a portal director of lexicography the look and feel of Offi ce 12 — the 2007 server; and a groupware tool for collabora- Language Weaver, a developer of enter- version of Microsoft Offi ce with a user- tion among separately located entities. The prise software for the automated transla- interface upgrade. New publishing profi les Plone interface has been translated into over tion of human languages, has expanded its and templates improve the ability to cus- 40 languages, and tools exist for managing technology direction in automated transla- tomize and publish print, online help and multilingual content. tion to include linguistics information and web-based outputs. PPlonelone http://plone.org syntax rules in its statistical translation AAuthor-uthor-iitt SSoftwareoftware CorporationCorporation techniques. The company has retained David [email protected], www.author-it.com Adobe Technical Savignac as senior director of lexicography Communication Suite to head up efforts to add less commonly AIT’s AnyLexic Adobe Systems Incorporated, a developer taught languages to Language Weaver’s Advanced International Translations (AIT), of technology and software for creative roster of automated translation modules. a translation agency and localization and communication, has announced the release Savignac recently concluded over 30 years software development company, has released of Adobe Technical Communication Suite with the National Security Agency where AnyLexic — a terminology management soft- software, designed so that technical com- he had been founder and director of the ware designed for the management of ter- municators and instructional designers can Center for Applied Machine Translation. minology glossaries. AnyLexic allows users create documentation, user-assistance pro- LLanguageanguage WeaverWeaver to create, edit and exchange dictionaries; grams and e-learning courses containing [email protected] www.languageweaver.com

Syntes hires sales and marketing manager Syntes Language Group, Inc., a language services provider, has hired Gaëlle Callnin as its new sales and marketing manager. Callnin has over 13 years of experience in sales, marketing and business development management, and has worked in the lan- guage services industry for several years. SSyntesyntes LLanguageanguage GGroup,roup, IInc.nc. [email protected], www syntes.com Products Digital Sonata Carabao Language Kit Digital Sonata Pty Ltd, a provider of natural language processing products and services, has developed the Carabao Lan- guage Kit — a multipurpose set of linguistic components and management tools built around a unique dictionary-driven kernel. While the initial purpose of Carabao was machine translation (MT), the product has

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both traditional text and graphics along with machine translation; and translation project partnerships. Two new distribution options, rich media, including Adobe Flash Player tracking. including server leasing or hosted server compatible video and 3D. With the addition IIdiomdiom Technologies,Technologies, Inc.Inc. access, will make it easy for enterprises of of the newly released RoboHelp 7, the suite [email protected], www.idiominc.com all sizes to avail themselves of the language delivers new features enabling technical management technology. communicators to author, manage and pub- Teragram Semantic Term Manager aacrosscross SystemsSystems GmbHGmbH lish content for embedded help systems and Teragram Corporation, a developer of [email protected], www.across.net standalone knowledge bases. The new release multilingual natural language processing also adds Unicode support for publishing in technologies, has launched Semantic Term multiple languages. Manager v. 2.0 (STM v. 2.0) — software AAdobedobe SystemsSystems IncorporatedIncorporated that enables the management of content www.adobe.com and the maintenance of ontologies in enterprise content repositories and data- NoBabel TM Enhancer version 2.0 bases. STM v. 2.0 helps corporate librar- KCSL Inc., a creator of linguistic technol- ians to maintain ontologies and integrate ogy solutions, has released NoBabel Trans- this information directly with Teragram’s lation Memory (TM) Enhancer version 2.0. TK240 taxonomy management tool. The Updates include a wizard-like “quick start” combination of these two programs allows user interface that simplifi es submission knowledge workers to maintain metadata of single-document, single-language jobs; across repositories and databases and to improved turnaround time; and English automatically tag documents according to paired with French, Italian, German, Span- the defi ned taxonomies. Clay Tablet v2.0 ish, Dutch, Portuguese, Polish and Russian. TTeragrameragram CCorporationorporation www.teragram.com Clay Tablet Technologies, a provider of KKCSLCSL IInc.nc. [email protected], www.kcsl.ca integration software that connects any across Language Server version 4.0 content management system with any Idiom WorldServer 9 across Systems GmbH, a provider of cor- translation system, has released version Idiom Technologies, Inc., developers of porate translation management systems, 2.0. A typical Clay Tablet application can software-as-a-service and on-premise server- has introduced its newly upgraded Version be as straightforward as a one-to-one link based globalization management systems 4.0 of the across Language Server — a between a single content management (GMS), has made available WorldServer 9. The central platform for all corporate language system and a translation software tool. new version of its GMS solution has added resources and translation processes. New A more complex application can be the capabilities that span the following key areas: features include web-based access; optional integration of multiple enterprise con- translation quality and review; project man- integration of specialized dictionaries; and tent management systems with multiple agement; terminology life cycle management; open access to support new technology translation providers and their translation technologies. CClaylay TabletTablet TechnologiesTechnologies [email protected], www.clay-tablet.com MMaximizeaximize RROIOI Alchemy Language Exchange 2.0 Alchemy Software Development Ltd., a provider of visual localization solutions, has created Alchemy Language Exchange 2.0, Language Weaver translation software provides: an internet-enabled translation memory (TM) server that enables global companies Ɠ Fast Customization to centralize the storage of translation assets. Alchemy Language Exchange incor- Ɠ Simple Integration porates a service-oriented architecture- Ɠ Improved Productivity based repository that allows companies to re-use previously translated material Ɠ Rapid ROI in future localization projects. It uses web services to facilitate web-based sharing Please contact us of TMs and collaboration among project for more information managers, localization engineers and pro- fessional translators, and comes with a web www.languageweaver.com/contact services software development kit to enable integration with Alchemy CATALYST and other third-party tools. AAlchemylchemy SoftwareSoftware DevelopmentDevelopment Ltd.Ltd. [email protected] www.alchemysoftware.ie

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LEC Power Translator 11 by and for local professionals and are held Eastern Europe and China Language Engineering Company, LLC (LEC), on an ongoing basis throughout the year. dominate 2007 translation trends a provider of translation software and ser- PProZ.comroZ.com [email protected] SDL International, a provider of global vices, has developed Power Translator 11. www.proz.com/connect information management solutions, has Now compatible with Microsoft Vista, it is released the SDL 2007 World Language available in four versions — Personal, Pro- 2008-2009 GALA board elections League Table — cataloging the languages fessional, Euro and World. New features The results of the 2008-2009 GALA board most commonly translated through its include automatic detection of source lan- elections were announced at the annual systems. The company translates over a bil- guage; add-ins for Microsoft Outlook and GALA meeting held during the Localization lion words into over 150 languages every Firefox that provide translation of e-mails World Seattle conference on October 16- and web pages; untranslated word list in 18, 2007. Sixteen candidates participated the Professional and Euro versions; and in this year’s election. Quick Start Program. The membership elected the following LLanguageanguage EngineeringEngineering Company,Company, LLCLLC four members for two-year terms on the [email protected], www.lec.com GALA board: Matthias Caesar (Locatech, Germany); María Gabriela Morales (Rosario Resources Traducciones y Servicios, Argentina); André Pellet (Welocalize, USA); and Peter Reyn- Jonckers releases olds (Idiom Technologies, Inc., USA). MT white paper Current board members Kim Harris (text Jonckers Translation & Engineering, a & form, Germany) and Arancha Caballero provider of software, e-learning and mul- (TSG, Spain) will continue to serve their timedia localization services, has released terms through the end of 2008. The cur- a white paper titled “MT and its impact on rent outgoing board and incoming mem- L10N,” authored by its project management bers have already begun working on the team leader David Brown (www.jonckers transition, which will offi cially take place .com/en/knowledge-centre/white_papers on January 1, 2008. .php). Drawing on the company’s applica- GGlobalizationlobalization andand LocalizationLocalization AssociationAssociation tion of machine translation (MT) technol- [email protected], www.gala-global.org ogy within projects from clients including Microsoft, SWIFT and Cisco, the paper AILIA reports shortage provides a functional overview of MT tech- of language professionals nologies, a practical guide to adoption and Association de l’industrie de la langue/Lan- benefi ts, and a discussion of where Jonck- guage Industry Association of Canada (AILIA) ers experience suggests the MT technology recently commissioned a report prepared by can be used to greatest effect. the consulting fi rm Vestimetra International JJonckersonckers TranslationTranslation & EngineeringEngineering about human resources in the language [email protected], www.jonckers.com industry. The report, “Profi les of Professions in the Canadian ,” sounds ProZ.com hosts International the alarm over shortages in language profes- Translation Day ‘powwow’ sions, especially teaching, and describes the ProZ.com, a translator community and variety of jobs available. Professions run the web 2.0 platform for the exchange of gamut from traditional occupations, such as translation services and resources, has translators, interpreters and teachers, to cut- announced that more than 1,000 transla- ting-edge jobs in computer-assisted transla- tors, interpreters and industry professionals tion and multilingual text processing. The signed up to meet in a globally distributed report fi nds that enrollments in college and Contact: [email protected] event featuring 73 ProZ.com “powwows” in university training programs are falling. As a and CPSL will offer a translation over 30 countries. The face-to-face meet- result, there are not enough trained people test free of charge. ings were held in the days leading up to entering the professions. International Translation Day on Septem- Labor shortages among teachers of French ber 30, 2007. In a demonstration of cama- and English as a second language are so seri- raderie among translators worldwide, plans ous that provincial ministries of education were for a “chain” of contact to be made, and school boards are struggling to staff with greetings exchanged from powwow their schools. Shortages of qualifi ed person- to powwow. nel in other language professions are hurting ProZ.com powwows are complimentary, Canada’s ability to compete internationally. real-world networking events held among AAssociationssociation dede l’industriel’industrie dede lala langue/langue/ translators living in a given area. Using ProZ LLanguageanguage IndustryIndustry AssociationAssociation ofof CanadaCanada .com as a platform, the events are organized [email protected], www.ailia.ca

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year through a combination of automated seventh and eighth places respectively. year 2007 is now online (www.unesco.org/cul technology and teams of linguists. SSDLDL IInternationalnternational ture/translationum). It features some 37,800 Two of the most signifi cant fi ndings in [email protected], www.sdl.com new entries from the following countries: the table were the increase of translation Bosnia and Herzegovina (books published in into Chinese and Russian and the signifi cant Translation bibliography updated 2005); China (1997); Denmark (2003-2005); uptake of localization in Eastern Europe. The second update of the world translation Germany (2004-2005); Greece (2005); Italy Japanese and Dutch have moved down to bibliography of Index Translationum for the (2002-2004); Lithuania (2004-2005); the for- mer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2005); Malaysia (2005); Oman (different years); Qatar (2005-2006); Republic of Moldova (2005); Slovakia (2005); and Switzerland (2004-2005). The online edition contains some 1,750,000 references on all subjects from 1979 to the present. UUNESCONESCO [email protected] www.unesco.org/culture/translationum

Localization Project Management Blog 1-for-All Marketing, Inc., has announced its Localization Project Management Blog (www.1-for-all.com/l10n_blog), a somewhat irreverent look at issues facing project man- agers in the trenches. Consulting localization project manager John White posts weekly on themes ranging from taking work offshore to localizing RoboHelp projects and virtual- izing localization test benches. Covering the COMMUNICATION. how-tos, when-tos and why-tos of software IN ANY LANGUAGE. and web localization, the blog includes top- ics and contributions from project managers and linguists and provides a forum for both vendor-side and enterprise-side readers. 11-for-All-for-All Marketing,Marketing, Inc.Inc. [email protected], www.1-for-all.com

ELRA catalogue additions The European Language Resource Asso- ciation (ELRA) has added two new speech resources, one new AURORA Project data- base, and ten new Evaluation Packages to its catalogue. The ELRA-S0243 SpeechDat Catalan FDB database contains the recordings of 1,005 Catalan speakers recorded over the Spanish fi xed telephone network. We make translation look easy. The ELRA-S0242 SALA II US English data- base is comprised of 3,065 US English speak- WHEN ACCURACY COUNTS, CONVERSIS DELIVERS. ers recorded over the US mobile telephone With Conversis, choosing the right translation partner has never been easier. network. Because at Conversis, we offer much more than high-quality translations. The AURORA-5 database has been mainly You can trust us to deliver turnkey localization solutions on-time, on-target and developed to investigate the infl uence in-budget. Every time. That’s why you should connect with Conversis today. on the performance of automatic speech recognition for a hands-free speech input

N. AMERICA (214) 443 9229 | S. AMERICA 55 (0) 12 39 137088 | U.K. 44 (0) 845 450 0805 in noisy room environments. Furthermore, www.conversisglobal.com two test conditions are included to study the infl uence of transmitting the speech in a mobile communication system. Visit our Web site to order our free booklet “What every manager should know about translation.” Guidebooks currently available for French, German, Romanian and Bulgarian translations. The Evaluation Packages include the mate- rial used for the TC-STAR 2007 Automatic

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Speech Recognition and Spoken Language on to capture the business of the more than more than 1,300 students, ITMK (www.f03 Translation third evaluation campaign, as 1.2 billion internet users worldwide. .fh-koeln.de/fakultaet/itmk) is considered well as the material used for the TC-STAR CCommonommon SenseSense Advisory,Advisory, Inc.Inc. one of the leading training institutes for 2006 and 2007 End-to-End task. [email protected] translators and interpreters in Germany. EELRA/ELDALRA/ELDA [email protected], www.elda.org www.commonsenseadvisory.com The Master of Terminology and Language Engineering course, which started in Octo- Communication about ber 2006, is the only degree course of its languages questionnaire kind in Germany. In developing its policy and actions with AAlchemylchemy SoftwareSoftware DevelopmentDevelopment Ltd.Ltd. respect to the role and place of languages [email protected] within the European Union, the European www.alchemysoftware.ie Commission is taking into account the views and expectations of individuals and expert ICANN launches global test of organizations. For this purpose, a consultation Internationalized Domain Names website has been opened with a questionnaire Internet users around the globe can (http://ec.europa.eu/education/multiling) to experiment with their names in their lan- gather professional opinions regarding com- guages on the internet due to the October munication about languages. The results of 2007 launch of the Internet Corporation the survey will be made available in the fi rst for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) half of 2008. live testing of internationalized domain TTermNetermNet [email protected] names in 11 languages — Arabic, Persian, Localization World http://linux.termnet.org Chinese (simplifi ed and traditional), Rus- announces LocWorld sian, Hindi, Greek, Korean, Yiddish, Japa- Localization World Ltd. has announced Alchemy donates CATALYST nese and Tamil. The ICANN wikis (http://idn the launch of LocWorld (www.locworld.net), to University of Cologne .icann.org) allow internet users to establish an enhanced version of its networking site, Alchemy Software Development Ltd., a their own subpages with their own names Localization World Network. LocWorld offers provider of visual localization solutions, in their own languages such as example an easy search for people in the language has made a software donation of €170,000 .test/yourname. industry by interest, name or company. to Cologne University of Applied Sciences. ICANN has put a video explaining the Members of LocWorld may contact other This donation will assist in the ongoing evaluation process on YouTube, and it is members through the network without expansion of the Institute of Translation also available on the ICANN website. revealing personal e-mail addresses. and Multilingual Communication (ITMK) IInternetnternet CCorporationorporation fforor Originally designed to facilitate network- within the Faculty of Information Sci- AAssignedssigned NamesNames andand NumbersNumbers ing at the Localization World conferences, the ences and Communication Studies. With www.icann.org networking site has grown to provide connec- tion capabilities outside the conferences as well. Non-members can take a “test drive” of Ближе не бывает the site to see its functionality without seeing So genau wie möglich 䤂േ䤂ࠁ any member or company names. LLocalizationocalization WorldWorld Ltd.Ltd. .As Close as It Gets [email protected] www.localizationworld.com не LLocWorldocWorld [email protected] www.locworld.net Myth:Myth: AlignmentAlignment cannot bbee New research by fully automated. Common Sense Advisory Before global businesses dive into website globalization and translation, research fi rm Common Sense Advisory, Inc., recommends Mythbuster: focusing on the nations or languages that provide the most likely return on invest- ment. For example, only ten mega-languages — including Chinese, Portuguese and French — account for 76% of the people on the web. The fi rm’s latest research report, the AutoAligner/TM Generator fi rst in its 2007 series on website globaliza- tion — “On the Web, Some Countries Matter More Than Others” — identifi es the countries Try the online demo now at www.nobabel.com and languages that companies need to focus Linguistic Technologies

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LISA/SDL survey results interests of language services companies New research has highlighted that the in the United States, has developed a new growth of global businesses is hindered membership benefi t — a model client con- because decision makers have little knowl- tract available exclusively to ALC members. edge of the core technology and budgets to Earlier in 2007, the association unveiled a help them communicate. While all respon- model vendor contract for translators and dents saw globalization processes changing interpreters. The model documents address within the next year, 47% of all respondents one major area of the ALC’s strategic plan surveyed do not even know the amount that was updated in January 2007. One of of their total globalization budget. Key the key objectives of the plan is to increase technologies such as content management the level of professionalism among member and terminology management are seen as companies by designing a comprehensive important for effective brand management program for professional development. and international product launches, but are TThehe AAssociationssociation ooff LLanguageanguage CompaniesCompanies being sidelined on a global scale. [email protected], www.alcus.org The study was conducted by the Locali– sation Industry Standards Association (LISA) DocZone.com pricing model and global information management spe- DocZone.com, developer of XML-based cialist SDL International. It aimed to identify content management and single-source trends in global marketing and ascertain publishing solutions, has introduced its how these trends are addressed by terminol- Pay-Per-Minute pricing plan, designed to ogy management. make the benefi ts of XML content man- SSDLDL IInternationalnternational agement more affordable. The new pric- [email protected], www.sdl.com ing option, immediately available, allows DocZone customers to purchase blocks of Services minutes for a fi xed per-minute rate, with discounted rates available with the pur- ACP Traductera adds languages chase of larger amounts of usage time. ACP Traductera, a language service pro- There are no restrictions to the number vider, has added three new target languages of users who can share the purchased to its offerings. Services now include transla- minutes within a customer’s DocZone tions into Belarusian, Croatian and Serbian by environment. This model is similar to the native speakers experienced in using com- pricing plans offered by many mobile puter-aided translation tools and with several phone service providers. years of translation experience in various DDocZone.comocZone.com [email protected] fi elds of expertise. www.doczone.com AACPCP TraducteraTraductera [email protected], www.traductera.com

Elanex Translation Search Engine Elanex, Inc., has launched the Translation Search Engine (TSE), a new online service Want more news? for translators, translation companies and Subscribe to our free biweekly in-house translation departments. TSE is electronic newsletter at designed to provide a completely open, www.multilingual.com/news easy to access, general purpose transla- tion memory, pre-populated with over 30 million translations covering a multitude Not receiving your news? of languages and subject areas. TSE allows If you have subscribed to the translators to take advantage of a large newsletter but aren’t volume of human edited and reviewed receiving your copy, translations through an intuitive online make sure that you have added interface. Currently, TSE is available through the e-mail address an invitation-only beta program. EElanex,lanex, Inc.Inc. [email protected] [email protected] www.elanex.com to your address book and/or cleared it through ALC Model Client Contract your company’s fi rewall. The Association of Language Companies (ALC), a trade organization representing the

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Google Search Appliance 5.0, Internationalization and Unicode Conference 31 Enterprise Labs website Google, Inc., has announced the fi fth Participants at the Internationalization and Unicode Conference 31 in San Jose, Califor- generation of the Google Search Appliance nia, October 15-17, 2007, addressed topics ranging from the internationalization features hardware, version 5.0, which provides uni- of various computing platforms to the use of Unicode in documenting the scripts of endan- versal search capabilities for secure access gered languages. Tutorials on the fi rst day provided an introduction to writing systems, to enterprise content systems. The Google internationalization, software localization and other topics. Search Appliance 5.0 now includes an Unicode Consortium president Mark Davis introduced the keynote speaker — poet/ enterprise connector framework for access typographer/linguist/cultural historian Robert Bringhurst — noting the Unicode tradition to enterprise content management systems. of keeping connected with language and the written tradition rather than focusing only This framework extends the reach into 220 on technology. Bringhurst, author of The Elements of Typographic Style, titled his address fi le formats, fi le shares, intranets, databases, “Graphic Speech and Graphic Song.” applications and hosted services. Attended by about 225 people from business, government and academia, the conference Google has also launched Google Enter- was sponsored by Adobe Systems (gold); PDFlib and Google (silver). MultiLingual was a prise Labs, a website dedicated to improv- media sponsor, as was the LISA Globalization Insider. Organizational sponsors were the ing the search experience inside businesses Globalization and Localization Association and the Localization Industry Standards Associa- by providing early access to search inno- tion (LISA). The event included a one-day exhibit area with an evening reception. Adobe vations such as Do-It-Yourself Keymatch Systems also hosted a reception at the company’s headquarters near the conference venue. and a parametric search. Google Search — Laurel Wagers Appliance supports English, French, Italian, TThehe UUnicodenicode CConsortiumonsortium www.unicode.org German, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish, Russian, Finnish, Danish, Norwegian, Simplifi ed Chi- nese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, Korean Localization Project Managers Roundtable and Brazilian Portuguese. GGoogle,oogle, Inc.Inc. www.google.com The tenth annual Localization Project Managers Roundtable, September 16-18, 2007, at Granlibakken near Lake Tahoe, California, addressed topics including translation workfl ow Linguatec Personal technology and agile programming. Translator 2008 Net The event, which typically attracts 25-30 industry professionals, had 47 participants. Linguatec, a supplier of language technol- Three workfl ow providers — across, Idiom and SDL — gave technology presentations; then ogy applications, has released Personal Trans- the roundtable continued through two days of more generic discussion with a central focus lator 2008 Net for the company network. It on workfl ow and other topics. Participants from a wide range of industries and service allows all users access to the shared dictionar- providers exchanged views, experiences, pain points and success strategies. Networking ies and translation memories simultaneously. time and a social event — a tour of a nearby mansion built by early settlers to the region Personal Translator 2008 Net is available in — rounded out the schedule. The Localization Project Managers Roundtable is organized by seven language pairs. The Localization Institute. — Richard Sikes LLinguatecinguatec www.linguatec.net TThehe LLocalizationocalization IInstitutenstitute www.localizationinstitute.com

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08-19 News #92.indd 19 10/30/07 4:18:18 PM The right tools for success STAR AG STAR Group Headquarters Successfully communicating information across the globe is an enormous chal- Wiesholz 35 8262 Ramsen, Switzerland lenge for any business. When your message has to be delivered in multiple lan- Phone: +41- 52 - 742 92 00 guages in a variety of media and must be adapted to local and end-user specif- Fax: +41- 52 - 742 92 92 ic requirements, you need a complete suite of tools designed to work together. E-mail: [email protected]

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20-21 STAR AD -Calendar #92.indd20 20 10/30/07 4:20:21 PM November Second Conference on Translation, Interpreting and Comparative Legi-Linguistics CM Pros Fall 2007 Summit December 5-7, 2007, Poznan, Poland. Calendar November 26, 2007, in Boston, Massachusetts USA. Adam Mickiewicz University, [email protected] Content Management Professionals, www.cmprosevents.org www.lingualegis.amu.edu.pl/konferencja/Konf_ang/Index.html

Gilbane Conference Boston 2007 Translation, Identity and Heterogeneity November 27-29, 2007, in Boston, Massachusetts USA. December 7-9, 2007, in Lima, Peru. The Gilbane Group, http://gilbaneboston.com Nida Institute for Biblical Scholarship, www.nidainstitute .org/Conferences/TranslationIdentityandHeterogeneity.dsp Betwixt & Between III: Globalization, Interculturalization & Translation 3rd Global Knowledge Conference — GK3 November 28-30, 2007, in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. December 11-13, 2007, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. American University of Sharjah (UAE) and Queen’s University Belfast Global Knowledge Partnership, [email protected] [email protected], www.aus.edu/conferences/bb3 www.gkpeventsonthefuture.org/gk3 Globalization Best Practices for the Life Sciences January November 29, 2007, audio conference. ForeignExchange Translations Content Week 2008 www.fxtrans.com/resources/ac/future/ac20071129.htm January 28-February 1, 2008, in San Diego, California USA. International Quality and Productivity Center, [email protected] Translating and the Computer 29 Conference www.iqpcevents.com/ShowEvent.aspx?id=36460 November 29-30, 2007, in , UK. Association for Information Management, ASLIB February [email protected], www.aslib.com/conferences Sixth International Conference of TAUS Executive Forum the Israel Translators Association November 29-30, 2007, in Brussels, Belgium. February 5-6, 2008, in Jerusalem, Israel. TAUS, [email protected] Israel Translators Association, [email protected], http://ita.org.il www.translationautomation.com/meetings.php March December AIIM International Exposition & Conference Interpreter Book Project - Submission Deadline March 3-6, 2008, in Boston, Massachusetts USA. December 3, 2007, online. Questex Media Group, Inc., [email protected], www.aiimexpo.com From Our Lips / Nataly Kelly [email protected], www.fromourlips.com Translation World March 11-13, 2008, in Montréal, Québec, Canada. Translation: East Asia and the West AILIA, The Localization Institute, MultiLingual Computing, Inc. December 3-4, 2007, in Taipei, Taiwan. [email protected] Research Centre for Translation, [email protected] www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/announce/announce.htm ELIA Networking Days 4 March 13-15, 2008, in Paris, France. XML 2007 Conference & Exposition European Language Industry Association Ltd. December 3-5, 2007, in Boston, Massachusetts USA. [email protected], www.elia-association.org IDEAlliance, [email protected], http://2007.xmlconference.org LATA 2008 EPIA 2007 March 13-19, 2008, in Tarragona, Spain. December 3-7, 2007, in Guimarães, Portugal. Research Group on Mathematical Linguistics Portuguese Conference on Artifi cial Intelligence [email protected], www.grlmc.com [email protected], http://epia2007.appia.pt Localization Certifi cation Program: Europe CIS²E 07 (CISSE 2007) March 31-April 2, 2008, in Marseille, France. December 3-12, 2007, online. CSU, Chico Center for Regional and Computer, Information and Systems Sciences and Engineering Continuing Education and Research Foundation [email protected], www.cisse2007online.org [email protected], http://rce.csuchico.edu/localize

For more events, visit www.multilingual.com/events

www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual | 21

20-21 STAR AD -Calendar #92.indd21 21 10/30/07 4:20:22 PM 22-26 Reviews #92.indd22 22 S | which allows foracentral dashboard viewofallprojects being various TRADOSoffi specialist, sales engineeranddocumentationspecialist; andtrained joined TRADOSinFebruary 1994;worked asatraining andsupport mann hadthis role atTRADOSbefore itsacquisition by SDL.He senior product manageroftheSDLTrados TMproduct line.Brock- MultiLingual SDL Trados 2007 introduces anewmodulecalledSynergy, I wasintroduced toSDLTrados 2007by DanielBrockmann, the visual alignmentsystem. database andmanagementsystem; andWinAlign,a fi formats butnowcapabletohandlealmostallsupported Word orTagEditor, originallydesignedfortaggedfi TM databasethatcanbefullyintegrated intoMicrosoft SDL Trados consists mainlyofTranslator’s Workbench,a coding andpseudo-formattingtoimp and character count;andituses sophisticated color undo andredo, andstatistical functions includingword software suchasfi provides allthetypicalcapabilitiesoftext-processing Edit interfacelooks likeasimpletwo-columngrid,it supporting avariety offi projects, analignmenttool(Align)andasingleeditor database (TermBase), aproject wizard tosetupnew components: aTMdatabase(Maintain),terminology features amodulararchitecture consisting ofseveral key products thatwere previously soldseparately. SDLX SDLX andTrados, meaningcustomers receive two and nowbundledtranslation memory (TM)products

le types;MultiTerm, aconcept-orientedterminology Reviews SDL Trados consists oftheformerlyindependent science teacherinAnnArbor, Michigan.Heis Thomas Waßmer isabiologistworkingas translator andmultimedia/web developer. also ascienceandsoftwareconsultant, eebr20 [email protected] December2007 ces onthecompany’s software solutions. Synergy pullstogetherclassicproducts Reviewed byThomasWaßmer SDL Trados2007 nd andreplace, copy andpaste, le formats(Edit).Although the rove rove ease ofuse. le le $636 to$1,996.ServerEdition:Pricingonrequest. $76 to$196.Professionaledition:Newlicense:$2,995.Upgrades Editions &Prices:Freelanceedition:Newlicense$995.Upgrades, 2000/XP Home/XPProfessional/Vista. recommended). 512MBRAM(1GBrecommended)onWindows Pentium IIIorcompatibleprocessor(PentiumIVhigher Vista orXPrecommendedforoptimumperformance.PCwith System requirements:WindowsVista/XP/2000/2003Server. SDL Trados2007 sion 7.5);SDLX2007;andvarious fi WinAlign —allinversions 8.0;MultiTerm 2007Desktop (ver- SDL Trados 2007includestheTranslator’s Workbench,TagEditor, neatly tiesTMandMultiTerm technologytogether. Inaddition, age delivery formatforthetranslation supplychain.Synergy also worked onandis thebasis forthecreation ofSDL’s newpack- Translation Memoryexchange (TMX)level 2. RC/RESX format),Java Properties andXLIFFis compliant with ver; HTML,SGML,XML,textfi (3.x)/CS2 (4.x),PageMaker 6.5; Ventura; Interleaf/Quicksil- Content; QuarkXPress 6.x/7.x;Adobe FrameMaker 7,InDesign CS (Word, PowerPoint andExcel); OpenOffi Tracking Server and,optionally, MultiTerm Server. (including TMAnywhere), Server Manager2007,Synergy Project server side,SDLTrados 2007Server, includesTMServer 2007 view stylesheet andmostimportant,apowerfulqualityassurance you can add commentswhenworkinginTagEditor, insert atable 2007.TagEditor saw several imp system. SDLX TermBase is, however, stillsupported,even inSDLTra- MultiTerm canbeused withinSDLXasthestandard terminology features enhancedsupportforTRADOS TagEditor’s TTXformat. TRADOS supportsSDLX’s ITDformatwithin TagEditor andSDLX product. There is also abasiclevel ofcross-product compatibility: SDL Trados 2006 and thatare stillavailable inversion 2007. products, Iwillalso includesomekeyfeatures thatwere newin TRADOS 7andSDLX2005appeared the lasttimeasstandalone SDL Trados 2007supportsMicrosoft Offi Since this is What isnewsinceSDLX2005andTRADOS7? From version 2006on,SDLXandTRADOSare bundledintoone MultiLingual ’s fi les, Windows software (binaryand rst lookatSDLTrados sinceboth leformatfi rovements: sinceversion 2006, ce/StarOffi ce 2007/2003/2000/XP lters. Theoptional c; Clipboard ce; 10/30/07 4:21:26 PM Reviews

(QA) checker was introduced in both SDLX and TagEditor for comprehensive QA checks according to numerous criteria. Finally, the Glue utility was created for combining small fi les prior to the localization and QA process. It currently supports HTML, XML, Workbench RTF or TTX fi les. On the server side, support for SQL Server 2005 was added and performance in TM Server (TMS) was enhanced, allowing faster connects to servers that house hundreds or even thousands of TMs. In addition, user management in TMS was improved. New features All versions of SDL Trados 2007 can enjoy the revolu- tionary new user interface SDL Trados Synergy. Synergy provides a unifi ed dashboard to access all features of the bundle and introduces an innovative and effective project management (PM) of the entire translation supply chain — powerful, yet user-friendly (automated) project cre- ation; detailed reporting; easy translation job distribution Figure 1: SDL Trados Synergy: start screen. (SDL Package for the translation supply chain); complete project tracking; and powerful QA checking in fi le or batch mode. InDesign CS3 and for FrameMaker 8 is expected to be available by LSPs and corporations running SDL Trados Desktop products can the end of 2007. create local projects with fi le-based shared TMs and can send The fi nd-and-replace feature in TagEditor now includes search packages to the supply chain. Finally, users of a TM Server archi- for text using wildcards, search for text within tags and in the tecture gain access to TM Server and central project tracking. target language only. Synergy’s user interface is based on Microsoft Outlook 2003/2007 Multiple enhancements in MultiTerm 2007 (version 7.5) were for fast familiarization with the product and is available in six driven by user feedback on earlier versions: free text search (full- languages — English, French, German, Spanish, Japanese and text search), improved edit mode from within TagEditor, Word Chinese. First use is further facilitated by powerful wizards that and any MultiTerm interface, and the inclusion of URLs to link guide users through all tasks. Gantt charts visually assist you in to external resources. MultiTerm now supports Windows Vista managing due dates. and Offi ce 2007. MultiTerm 2007 Online was greatly improved, Another great novelty of the project setup in Synergy is the now featuring, for example, support for all editions of SQL Server option to defi ne a priority list of several attached TMs (TM 2005. Finally, conversion of other terminology formats to Multi- sequencing). This increases fl exibility, performance and quality of Term was further improved by including several new fi lters into translation projects. MultiTerm Convert: OLIF and SDLTermBase Online and Desktop Synergy combines traditional TM with SDL PerfectMatch Tech- formats can be directly converted into MultiTerm XML. nology for context-sensitive translations, meaning customers no All verifi cation plug-ins such as QA Checker, Terminology Veri- longer have to pay for 100% in-context review. fi er and Tag Verifi er are now available in batch mode from within the Synergy user interface. Improvements in SDLX 2007 TMS 2007 can now create TRADOS-compatible packages. Users Some elements of TRADOS Synergy’s PM functionality (espe- can open and process these packages in Synergy and return them cially the new project wizards) were also implemented in SDLX to TMS, thereby feeding into a TMS-compatible supply chain. 2007 and allow for powerful multilingual project creation, auto- A new, more fl exible and easier-to-use license activation mechanism mation and fl exible profi les. Some TRADOS is similar to Microsoft and Adobe products. fi lters (such as fi lters for Microsoft Offi ce XP, Full support is included for the latest TMX 2003 and 2007 fi les) are now also available Editions: Freelance edition, for translators standards. working in an individual computer in SDLX. environment, operates on any network (one SDL Trados TMS is the core component of New or improved handling of fi le formats instance on the network at a time). Users SDL Trados 2007. Due to its open architec- include support for Windows Vista and Offi ce can create local projects that use fi le-based ture and available application programming 2007 and support for the new XML-based non-shared TMs; are restricted to fi ve target interfaces (APIs), TMS can also be inte- languages; cannot send packages; and have Offi ce fi le formats in TagEditor (DOCX/PPTX/ no access to the PerfectMatch technology. grated into any other systems — above all, XLSX). Handling of PowerPoint in TagEditor Professional edition: Node-locked content management and document man- was improved through a new fi lter for the (individual) license for standalone users or agement systems. This technology option binary PowerPoint format (.ppt) and allows fl oating (concurrent) licenses to share over allows users to scale by extending their SDL up to 20 times faster fi le operations. TRADOS a network with multiple users. Both versions Trados solutions as required by their busi- provide unlimited languages and TM fi le- can now process generic text which is used sharing capability. ness processes and workfl ow requirements. in regular expressions. Support for XLIFF was Server Edition: Real-time online Users access the TM through the well-known improved by implementing a XLIFF-TTX con- collaboration — customers can connect their Translator’s Workbench application that has version utility which supports “rich” XLIFF 1.1 supply chain to a single TM and terminology been adapted for use with both traditional repository. Using the server component also fi les. Last, the user can now process the new- allows for real-time project tracking. fi le-based and intranet/internet-based server est Oracle 10g databases. Support for Adobe TMs. This means a low learning curve, thus

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22-26 Reviews #92.indd 23 10/30/07 4:21:26 PM Reviews

Figure 2: Synergy project managment — batch verifi cation. Figure 3: Synergy: Creation of monolingual packages from a multilingual project. helping users to get up to speed with the software suite. The interface is at fi rst view fi les to verify them with a selected group of new system in very little time. appealing, clean and straightforward, func- verifi cation plug-ins. As an example, a small tional but still aesthetic. section of the verifi cation results for a batch Use and evaluation Synergy’s uncluttered start screen (Figure of XML and HTML fi les are shown. The biggest and most eye-catching 1) provides fast access to the most commonly Although it was announced as a model novelty of SDL Trados 2007 is the Synergy used features such as project creation and for the awaited fusion of SDLX and TRADOS, component — a new user interface for translation and creating and opening pack- Synergy is not really a switchboard to all of all PM needs at the starting point of the ages (top of the central pane). Synergy also the combined features of SDLX and TRA- provides shortcuts to the most important DOS, not even just to all of TRADOS’ features TRADOS features: Translator’s Workbench, alone, but mainly to the new PM features of MultiTerm and WinAlign in the middle part TRADOS. As a seasoned TRADOS user, I fi nd of the central pane and the management of that Synergy reminds me of the TRADOS 5 fi lter and tag settings for fi le handling and WorkSpace, which I actually welcomed in some helpful tools in the lower part of the 2001 as a great way to organize projects. At central window. The left pane of the inter- the time of its release, WorkSpace was not face provides shortcuts to Flash tutorials and much liked due to the complicated setup user guides and links to the other screens of of projects and the amount of obstacles it the Synergy user interface. would create within the workfl ow TRADOS On second look, however, it is not very users got used to. Since then, the demand fl exible. Panels and toolbars cannot be rear- for PM within TRADOS has grown stronger ranged according to personal preferences from version to version. and monitor settings. Within the general Now, we get Synergy, which creates proj- arrangement of the interface, however, ects in a blink of an eye and manages them the user can choose which columns should fast and effectively. In addition, the intro- be visible and how information should be duction of the SDL package fi le delivery for- grouped (for instance, by target language) mat allows the user to work more effi ciently or sorted (for instance, by number of words with projects by bundling source fi les, TMs, to be translated in each fi le) in descending terminology databases, reference fi les, and or ascending order. project settings all in one simple package Synergy’s Files screen points you to the that travels up and down the supply chain. fi les included within the active project. SDL’s package technology (Figure 3) allows There is one screen per target language the user to create packages that contain which you can select by using a drop-down everything an external translator needs to menu in the left pane (Figure 2). The fi le list contribute to the translation of a entire on top of the central pane shows the status project such as the fi les to translate, one of each fi le. You can choose to include up or more associated TMs and terminology to 20 columns in this view including the fi le bases, bilingual reference fi les, comment status, the expected return from your exter- and links to external resources. Complex nal partners and translators, the due date of multilingual projects can be easily split into that return and the name of the package monolingual packages, and a maximum created and sent out. Gantt charts visual- amount of untranslated words can also be ize the due dates for a fast visual overview. specifi ed to ensure processing of the entire You can select single fi les or batches of project by due date.

24 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

22-26 Reviews #92.indd 24 10/30/07 4:21:27 PM Reviews

Some of the same old obsta- I only have minor complaints cles of WorkSpace also returned, and a few suggestions about this however, such as the inability to feature of the Synergy compo- re-open a package that you have nent. It could be helpful to in- sent away before it is returned to clude a few warning messages to you by the person you sent it to. avoid acc idental errors, such as If you have forgotten something when a translator is trying to cre- or if you made a mistake, you ate a return package that includes cannot even re-open and pro- an incomplete translation job. For cess your own package. To avoid future development, I would also such accidental obstacles in the suggest implementing some kind workfl ow, you can use a “pack- of version control into the Syn- age viewer” available from SDL ergy module. The current package TRADOS on demand that helps architecture seems to be capable with package inspection before of including this functionality. sending on. You can also use the Synergy and most of the other Package Wizard to show the fi les components of SDL Trados 2007 that will go into the package. are well introduced by Adobe Flash Folder creation, such as for tutorials that can be accessed dir- packages, could be more fl exible Figure 4: SDLX 2007: Project Wizard – fi le types. ectly from the Synergy start screen. and does not allow for paths to It would, however, be of additional be copied and pasted or just typed into the dialog. Instead, you value and could jumpstart the work of novice and seasoned users have to go through the folder tree of your disk. Another minor if a few learning-by-doing lessons were included that feature a shortcoming of the present Synergy environment is that many set of example fi les and exercises. dialogs seem to use Windows and .NET resources and are there- Synergy allows for the convenient export of reports in various fore partially in the language of the regardless formats. Some Synergy users, however, especially LSPs and corpo- of which interface language was selected. This may, however, be rations, would surely like to personalize these reports for quoting more a problem for a reviewer like me who is running Windows and invoicing purposes and so on. Unfortunately, there are cur- in his mother tongue (German) but needs to prepare screenshots rently no options to include or design your own letterhead or in the review language (English) and would not matter for the images. SDL suggests exporting your reports in XML or XLS format. average Synergy user. Then you can, for example, apply a customized XSL stylesheet to Unfortunately, Synergy only supports TagEditor’s TTX format reports in XML format and by doing this, add your own design or — not SDLX’s ITD format — currently denying SDLX users Syner- images. It remains unclear whether widely used specialized tools gy’s benefi ts. ITD fi les can be updated using the free utility SDL such as Crystal Reports can read and extract the data easily from Update to do some of the jobs, or they can be converted into TTX these export formats. Finally, there is no client or vendor manage- fi les and processed within Synergy. Synergy’s powerful option to ment yet — for example, no import functions to easily load contact apply verifi cation plug-ins to numerous fi les in batch mode is and company addresses into Synergy. This is mainly an obstacle for currently tempered by only allowing batches of fi les containing freelance translators and smaller companies because many corpo- the same fi le type. This is, however, mainly because some plug-ins rate customers integrate SDL Trados 2007 into their existing sys- are fi le-type independent, such as the QA Checker, Terminology tems for vendor management via APIs. Verifi er or Generic Tag Verifi er, while others are by design fi le- Another suggestion is focused on usability. Because Synergy type dependent, such as XML Validator (XML) or S-Tag Verifi er seems to include a basic HTML browser, it would be helpful to (FrameMaker/Interleaf). offer some common features such as back and forward buttons to Synergy improves the user’s productivity tremendously by pro- navigate quickly back and forth in your access history. This would viding potent project tracking features. These benefi ts are obvious come in handy, for example, after you selected a feature, analysis if you are connected to a Synergy Server, but you can also track or view that led you away from your workfl ow. projects locally. You can, for example, calculate your translation The benefi ts of an increased project automation, multiple progress by tracking the number of untranslated words in your local TM sequencing and SDL’s package concept more than make up projects. In addition, various labels such as pretranslated, trans- for the smaller issues Synergy currently presents. The time and lated and fi nal can be applied to every single fi le of a project. The cost benefi ts that Synergy and the PerfectMatch technology can Synergy tracking server offers the same features, but centrally, so provide far outweigh these “teething” issues of an already great that many users can update the status of their work in the same and even more promising component. According to SDL, some way and the project manager keeps a perfect overview of projects. customers state that they are already saving up to 50% of their PM in SDLX has also been signifi cantly improved. The new project time in project preparation using the new project wizards in SDL wizard allows the user to specify which fi le types are included into a Trados 2007. After inspecting Synergy’s powerful features, it is project. Some TRADOS fi lters (such as fi lters for Offi ce XP, 2003 and not hard for me to believe these statements. In addition, SDL is 2007 fi les) are now also available in SDLX. The wizard furthermore known to take customer input seriously and will surely fi x the allows for a fast and easy setup of project languages, source fi les, most distracting issues mentioned here in a timely manner. As a TMs, other project options and the generation of quotes (analysis), matter of fact, several suggested improvements are already sched- reporting and project tracking by an SDLX server. uled to be included within the next service release.

www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual | 25

22-26 Reviews #92.indd 25 10/30/07 4:21:29 PM Reviews

The TagEditor component featured some you to conduct your search and replace the concordance search in both source and substantial improvements. First, the fi lter in either the source or target language or target language. This is a feature that TRA- for the binary PowerPoint format, which even both. On the downside, there is still DOS still lacks, but it will be a feature of the used to be pretty slow and not always sta- no “check spelling while you type” feature merged SDLX-TRADOS product announced ble, became approximately 20 times faster in TagEditor, a feature that would increase for 2008. and more stable. Second, TagEditor now at least my productivity substantially as I SDL recently created the Ideas website features a powerful Find & Replace feature am used to this function in Word. (http://ideas.sdltrados.com) to facilitate the supporting the use of wildcards and the The only other shortcoming I came future development of SDL Trados accord- use of text search within tags and allows upon is TagEditor’s new RESX support. ing to customer wishes and preferences. Like all software formats, processing of This is a welcome innovation in our indus- RESX forms in TagEditor is completely try, with SDL being one of only a few non-visual, and, although a RESX fi lter companies to provide a visible democratic is provided, it extracts strings that should approach to product development for- not be altered and therefore should not merly only known from independent news- be extracted. In addition, no verifi ca- groups. The idea to take customers’ votes tion plug-in for this important format is into account is defi nitely a step in the provided but only basic quality checking right direction for SDL and its customers, using generic verifi ers — for tag valid- and it should create an example for the ity and consistency of terminology, for entire industry. example. But in light of SDL’s acquisition If time permits, I will enter a few of my of PASSOLO and its inclusion of PASSOLO long-time ideas and wishes there, but I will in Localization Offi ce 2007, the shortcom- also briefl y state a few of them here while ings of TagEditor for software formats will I have the chance. I have often wished in not matter much longer. almost every TM and localization tool that Although SDLX has improved signifi - it would be easier to change the source or cantly since version 2005, at the time of target languages of existing TM and ter- this review no updated tutorial or help minology databases, especially if it is just system was available to introduce the user a sublanguage that does not fi t to a bilin- to these great novelties. The documenta- gual reference fi le or another TM or ter- tion, including a tutorial, was updated minology database. It can be such a hassle in Service Pack 1. The improved project to consolidate sources. Another long-time setup/wizard is great but cannot compare favorite of mine is hoping that MultiTerm to Synergy on the TRADOS side of the could support various common commer- suite. After you complete the setup, proj- cially available or open-source dictionaries ects are not opened or are easily accessible that I use and/or own. I am aware that on a dashboard. You need to remember it is mainly licensing and copyright issues where the wizard saved them, manually that prevent this from happening yet, but navigate to that location and open and it would be nice if it could happen. process all fi les manually and individually in SDL Edit. In addition, they do not auto- A strong hybrid matically include the associated TM setup In conclusion, SDL Trados 2007 is the in the project wizard. strongest and maybe the last hybrid of Your Gateway to the World Another minor annoyance was the inser- TRADOS and SDLX before we see a real tion of fi les into projects. I could only add merger of the two products. In its current Exceeds Expectations entire folders or single fi les. My attempts to state, it is adding powerful PM features to Over 60 languages add several fi les — even of the same fi le type, TRADOS and to a lesser extent to SDLX. such as XML — at the same time (using the These major enhancements together with control key to allow multiple selections) various other improvements and novelties resulted in no selection at all or on one catapult this release far beyond most of its occasion in freezing up the add fi le utility few remaining competitors. and, by this, SDLX. Up to version 2005 I In an advance notice, Brockmann indi- could implement SDL’s machine translation cated that in the upcoming SDL Trados (MT) AutoTrans into SDLX. This is, unfortu- 2008 release, we can fi nally hope for a nately, not possible anymore. I had become unifi ed interface, database backend and a accustomed to at least trying out what the fused core and toolset. Besides this, I would MT has to offer from time to time. The like to see a fl exible interface to various www.net-translators.com results were sometimes quite useful and MT solutions, maybe including SDL’s own +972-3-533-8633 allowed me to translate faster without somehow abandoned AutoTrans and the [email protected] involving external research and tools. integration of third-party dictionaries into Another real improvement in SDLX 2007 is the translation environment. M

26 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

22-26 Reviews #92.indd 26 10/30/07 4:21:30 PM Tom Edwards Off the Map Column

The culture behind colors

Red, green and blue. Cyan, yellow, magenta and (for example, a hydrographic feature is always blue!). Given black. Whether you’re reading this column online that the human eye perceives warmer colors on a page to seem (in RGB mode) or browsing through the hardcopy closer and cooler colors to recede, cartographers have long used hypsometric tints to indicate elevation on maps, with R(CYMK) printed version of this magazine, the rods warmer browns and tans for high elevations and cooler greens and cones in your eyes are busy interpreting the for lower (check out maps made by Raven Maps in Oregon for colors being produced by these various repro- a particularly striking example). As chance would have it, this color scheme tends to mimic the biogeographical distribution of duction methods. That’s the easy step (with due vegetation (sparser at higher elevations), so that has added to its consideration to those who are color impaired) perceptual power as an effective representation method — even — the physical sensing of colors in the world though the colors are only showing elevation data and have around us. The more diffi cult step is what happens absolutely nothing to do with actual vegetation. This reveals a valuable lesson: never assume that color usage is next — the interpretation of these colors in the consistent across mediums, cultures and contexts. As such, color complex context of one’s culture, geography and should really be considered as a key attribute of any symbol history. While I’ve talked about all kinds of overt because it imbues meaning and can set or disrupt the context. geocultural issues in this column to date, includ- Along with color is the attribute of shape, but I won’t go into a more thorough explanation of shape as I believe it’s pretty ing symbols, icons, fl ags, maps and so forth, one self-explanatory — that is, the shape is the symbol. A right-fac- of the most obvious aspects of sensitivity — and ing swastika is still a right-facing swastika, no matter what yet very often overlooked — is the role of color. In its color may be; however, coloring it pink, green and orange will no doubt evoke reactions that might be different from the some of those previous articles, I hinted at the role red, white and black of Nazi Germany’s usage (although in this of color as part of the specifi c content type, but example, the power and context independence of that specifi c in this article I’d like to focus specifi cally on color symbol will undoubtedly override most color interpretations). and its aspects of sensitivity. With due consideration to those who are color blind or have other impairments in the perception of color, most people are In my previous entry on the power of symbology in particular, able to consistently perceive the richness of color in the visual I made reference to four categories of symbols — sacred, histori- spectrum. As such a fundamental aspect of human perception, cal, cultural and functional. Without question, color in and of color has long been ascribed with various meanings, and, like itself can be considered a type of symbol and a very powerful many symbols, the meaning of a color is very much linked to a one at that. In my previous days as a cartographer, line-based specifi c geographic, cultural, political and/or historical context. symbols were used profusely on maps, but it was only the color In fact, I’d argue that unlike some issues with symbols and icons, differentiation that brought meaning to the lines — blue for color is even more context-specifi c since colors are universally a river, black for a minor road, red for a major road and so on. perceived, yet very locally interpreted. Imagine if that one attribute of color was wrong and someone mistook a river to be a road? Color is actually a fundamental tool that cartographers lever- Tom Edwards is owner and principal consultant of Englobe, a age heavily to convey many attributes and aspects of physical Seattle-based consultancy for geostrategic content management. features and human features alike, and the color “language” Previously, Tom spent 13 years at Microsoft as a geographer and of maps has become intrinsic for most people who read them as its senior geopolitical strategist.

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27-29 Edwards #92.indd 27 10/30/07 4:22:52 PM Column

Color gone awry When color isn’t leveraged appropriately in products and services, the local market reactions can be quite strong, as seen in these examples. In 1994, when the Orange mobile phone company launched a campaign with the slogan “The future’s bright, the future’s Orange,” it wasn’t received well by Irish Catholics in Northern Ireland. The color orange in Northern Ireland is traditionally symbolic of Irish Protestants, as symbolized in the Orange Order organization and its fl ag (below left). (Logo © Orange Personal Communications Services Limited) Back in the 1960s, Braniff Airlines decided to make a statement by painting its planes in various bold colors, which yielded the nickname of the “jelly bean” fl eet. One design used a lavender-and-black color scheme. Only a month after using the new color scheme, Braniff dropped the lavender color after discovering that it was perceived as the color of bad luck in Mexico. (Photo courtesy of braniffpages.com)

Color symbolism At a high level, we can consider color red has been historically associated with applies everywhere to have sensitivity along two basic communism and revolution, but moving A great deal of research on color dimensions. One is locale — the most into the Middle East the interpretations symbolism across cultures has been obvious and most pertinent — and the vary from love and sacrifi ce to anger performed, and it has found applicability other is culture, such as associations and hatred. People in many locales in in many areas of business, from prod- with certain religions or movements. As Africa perceive red as a color of death uct design to marketing to designing a an example of locale, let’s look at the and bloodshed, whereas in India it’s global web presence. One of the more color red across a few selected locales often seen as a sign of birth and fertil- well known researchers in this area is and examine how its meaning can be ity. In East Asia, the meanings vary Surya Vanka, a former industrial design radically diverse. In North America, red from communism (in China), healing professor at the University of Illinois is most often associated with love and and blood to good fortune, anger and at Urbana-Champaign who now works passion, as well as a color of warning celebration. These are all just broad at Microsoft as a design and usability or safety (and I won’t venture a com- regional examples, and it should be training manager. Vanka once created mentary on how these meanings are noted that there are many, many local a computer program called “Color Tool” related!). In Western Europe, red is interpretations. to help companies and product design- perceived more as a color of strength, Beyond the locale-specifi c attributions, ers understand the potential effects of power and optimism, while also retain- there are also broader color perceptions their color choices in local markets. As ing some aspects of the passion and related to religions and movements. Vanka confi rms, “in many countries, warning meanings — as one would Perhaps the most well-known is green especially those with traditional cultures, expect, given the cultural relationship being traditionally associated with Islam, the meaning associated with colors is of North America to Western Europe. based on passages in the Qur’an. Many dramatic, not subtle.” In Eastern Europe and Russia, the color fl ags of predominantly Islamic coun- tries include green as a reference to this religious association. In the case of Libya, the national fl ag is entirely green and is the only country fl ag of one solid color. In Buddhism, red is a sacred color and is often refl ected in the scarlet red robes of Buddhist monks in Tibet and Thailand as well as in shrines and in paintings known as red thangkas. In both national and local politics around the world, colors often play a key role in identifying various move- ments and leanings. The use of red for Republicans and blue for Democrats in the United States is well known, whereas in Europe orange has become more common for populist parties — such as the Ukrainian “Orange

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Revolution.” In politics, green has natu- as to why blue might be so generally companies obviously make considerations rally been associated with green parties acceptable — perhaps because of the for color in their content, these typically in various countries that emphasize universal blue sky we all experience on a tend to be more from an aesthetic design an environmental agenda. Similar to clear day at least. standpoint (which is necessary, of course) color usage in locales, the color dif- When considering the design of a while not always including the cultural ferentiation across movements will vary particular piece of content or a specifi c sensitivity aspect. Including the latter according to scale and context. Thus, product, take care to prudently consider will ensure that a great design won’t be in addition to considering locale, it’s the color dimension in at least the derailed by something as simple as its important to consider the cultural com- aspects of locale and culture. While all chosen color(s). M position of your audience(s). Three basic rules for color use In my column on general symbology, I suggested three basic rules for develop- ing and managing symbols for informa- tional purposes. These rules can defi nitely be adapted for the use of colors. 1. Keep it functional. Ensure that the purpose and meaning of the color being used is clear for its specifi c intended use. Frivolous use of color for the sake of sprucing up a design can be hazardous depending on the fi nal audience. 2. Keep it context dependent. Since color is very context dependent, it’s use- ful to liberally make use of those posi- tive-meaning colors that will appeal to a particular locale. For example, one of the better known examples of a wide dispar- ity is the use of white. In North America and Europe it often is used for weddings and to convey “purity” whereas in East Asia it’s the color of death and mourning. 3. Research potential confl icts. When leveraging color as a design choice and related to rule 2 above, ensure that the color choice won’t sharply confl ict with nearby locales or other intended con- texts. This makes color use quite a chal- lenge, but many companies have relied upon ample market research and locale- based testing to verify color acceptance. A safe color? At this point, you might be wonder- ing that with all the potential pitfalls of using various colors, is there really any safe color to use in a product? The answer is yes, maybe. Research has shown that of all the possible colors that are open to local sensitivity, the color blue seems to be the most trouble-free — essentially meaning that blue maintains a mostly positive interpretation from locale to locale. Of course, this doesn’t guar- antee that blue will never be a problem. All it takes is for some negative event, person, movement or other inappropriate usage of the color to reset the perception of the color. There are various theories

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27-29 Edwards #92.indd 29 10/30/07 4:22:57 PM 30-31 Freivalds #92.indd30 30 F | pick upassouvenirs whenyougotoCostaRica.Theyare mostly Italian designerwhomadethe colorfulpaintedcartsthatyou Rica wantedanationalsymbol, anicon,thecountryhired an carving, crafting, styling,paintingandlettering.WhenCosta the passionofhandgestures from theItalians. ”Let’s getoutofhere.” Thefamous orators ofhistoryalllearned the edgesofone’s handstogetherinacrossing patternmeans that expresses uncertainty, disbelieforurgent inquiry. Orstriking the middlefi someone’s face.Myotherfavoritesare joiningthethumbwith your chest;and,ifyouwanttoaccuse,stickaforefi hands. Ifyouwanttoconveygoodfaith,placeyourhand on hand gestures. Iusethemallthetime.You knowtheplayof dolce vita and renting afarmhouseandenjoyingthewayItalianslive, espresso withme,andtheydid. US$1.00) andgottheirway. Iwouldbegforthemtoshare their rates theypaidatthehotelforeverything(oneXerox copycost yelled andgestured manytimesandpointedouttheexorbitant permitted,” statedthechef,according totheItalians.Butthey warmed upinthekitchenofDostyk.“But,sir, thatisnot ingredients intheirroom andbrought downthecoffeetobe espresso, eventhoughitwasn’tonthemenu.So,theyfi was stayingatthehotel,andthesepeoplehadtohavetheir to hate.Butateamfrom anItalianoilexploration company town, theDostyk,onlyoffered freeze-dried coffee,whichIgrew there toopenalocalizationsalesoffi Column MultiLingual Equally drawn from historyis theirmasteryindesign,shaping, Everyone seemstobefl Enjoying theItalianlife When Kazakhstan wasopeningitsdoors totheWest, Iwent especiallythatwhichisprohibited. especiallythatwhichispermitted. ber thisditty: In Italyeverythingispermitted, In theSovietUnioneverythingisprohibited, From thedaysofoldSoviet UnionIremem- World Savvy . OrmaybeweallenjoythatotherlanguageofItaly— nger andshakingthehandslowlyfrom alimp wrist Italian passion Learning from eebr20 [email protected] December2007 ocking tosunnyTuscany thesedays ce. Theonegoodhotelin xed the nger in la fi John Freivaldsismanagingdirectorofthemarketingcommunications jokes, theyusuallytellaRussianoneinRussian! in Latvianorseeacomedian.Infact,whenLatvianstell years ofgoingbackandforthtoLatvia,Ihaveyethearajoke matches theFinnsingray dourness.Howdour?Well, intwenty an ultra-dry northernEuropean culture, Latvian,whichprobably ” atalowcost. in theUSwinemarketbecausetheygotyoungconsumers “into fact, ItalianBollabrand wineswere foundtobeapositiveforce age inCaliforniafarexcessofwhatthemarketcouldbear. In non-farm investors haddramatically increased winegrape acre- why there wasaglutofwinewithlowpricesonthemarket: dumping wineintheUSmarket.Inourresearch, wefoundout resenting Californiavintners thatItalianwineexporters were accusation brought bytheCaliforniaWineCommissionrep- soft-shoe Washington, D.C.,lawfi nonetheless. We actuallygottodefendthemonetime.Anoted farm cartgaveCostaRicaabrand identity. of gettinganItalianwithapaintbrushtojazzupordinary house aportablebar. Theyare hardly indigenous,buttheresult small enoughtoputonashelf,butsomeare large enoughto Ohio, Iwouldnotbewritingaboutthem,butagain,don’t clients were AndyandJoefrom Topeka, Kansas, andAkron, of passion.Andyou’re probably correct inassumingthatifour with andillustrate alesson—toassociateyourself with people equivalents ofAndyandJoeinEnglish.Theyare funtowork Pampanini andGiuseppeMascarella. Thefi I think,becauseoftheresonance oftheirnames —are Andrea DNA ofcertainItalians,andtwothem—more interesting, the valueofpassion.Iguesspassionisin“culture code”or was dealingwithacoupleofneatItalianfi with fl rm JFAandthemarketingrepresentativeforhis nativecountry, Latvia. I thinkamdrawn toItalianswithpassionasIwasborninto And thenwehavetheItalianwines,notfancybuttasty Italy hasaspecialpassionforhumorandgettingthingsdone The valueofpassion air, regardless oftheodds.Ijustrealized thatourfi John Freivalds rm askedustohelpfi rst namesare the rms thatpointedout ght an rm 10/30/07 4:24:00 PM Column

meet many people with passion from helps medium-sized companies turn system. It is Giuseppe’s goal to help these places. themselves around. develop Sicily. As you wander through business, Andrea’s full charm and passion come O’Biolla is an interesting fi rm to work you often meet people who are sur- into play whenever I visit him in New with, and all the more so when you rounded at conferences because of the York City, which usually starts out at a consider Giuseppe’s background. Every- company they work for — Microsoft or lunch at the famous “long table” at the one reading this has benefi tted from it. Oracle or Deere & Company. They are elegant Century Club. When you fi nish Before getting into citrus, he spent 17 driven people, but their identity is too the lunch buffet from the “long table,” years at Microsoft, involved with the often tied up with whom they work for you don’t have to eat for a month. I joke company’s Collaboration Technology and not who they really are. But these to Andrea that I am the only person who Platform for large organizations and as two Italians succeeded in the corpo- comes to the Club on Peter Pan Bus Lines worldwide group manager for Microsoft rate world, went to all the committee ($49 each way with a movie and stew- Technology Strategy Consulting. He was meetings they needed to, and are doing ardess) from Washington, D.C. also vice president of the Sophia Antipo- what they are passionate about. They are To be world savvy, you have to fi nd not lis Business Angel Association in France’s entrepreneurs but have a desire to do only people of passion but also unusual Silicon Valley and marketing manager something besides make money. By being ways of getting to them. and part of the launch team for Offi ce. near people such as these, you energize Giuseppe Mascarella found me because If Andrea always seems to be going yourself, which is a constant battle in a of some writing I did for Brazilmax, an back and forth to Saudi Arabia, Giuseppe world that is sometimes too negative to online magazine about Brazil that a always seems to be up regardless of bear. It’s hard to explain, but fi nding two friend of mine edits from São Paulo. I whether I call him in Kirkland, Washing- people like this to work for is better than have spent some time there, and I like ton, or in Sicily. When I’m feeling down, a double espresso in the morning. to write about what I know. I know a lot sometimes I just pick up the phone and So, fi nd some clients who will pay the about the citrus industry worldwide and talk to these guys and ask “What’s up?” I bills, for sure — but also fi nd people who what happens to the byproducts of juice don’t know how they do it, but they are will energize you. Here are the metrics processing. always upbeat. of two such people. Go looking for some So, another tip: to be world savvy, When I was selling language services, because it is worth the effort. write about what you know wherever I kept clients like these in mind, for I you can. never wanted our production depart- Two Italians Giuseppe was looking for help to ment to deal with dreary clients. So, I met Andrea Pampanini years ago expand his business, O’Biolla (www.obiolla when you evaluate a potential business in Iran when he ran a company called .com), a multinational producer of or- relationship, think of something other International Basic Economy Corporation ganic nutraceuticals. O’Biolla produces than how much money they can make (IBEC). Started by Nelson Rockefeller in juices and essences from Sicilian “blood for you. Think about what they can do order to see what private business could oranges” that strengthen the immune for your soul. M do to promote development in develop- ing countries, IBEC was probably the most innovative company I have come across. It invested in everything from seeds to housing to supermarkets in a variety of developing countries. Today, its mission would be phrased as “over- coming the digital divide.” IBEC bought the fi rm I was working for, which had made a name for itself in Iran. After working in Iran, both Andrea and I sought different avenues of growth. He became a successful management consultant to the Saudi Arabian govern- ment. He always seems to be just getting back from Saudi Arabia or ready to go back again. The turmoil in the Middle East doesn’t seem to bother him. A Harvard MBA who speaks four languages fl uently, Andrea is the author of Cities from the Arabian Desert: The Building of Jubail and Yanbu in Saudi Arabia and co-author of One Hundred Years of Unifi cation and Development in Saudi Arabia. He runs a company, Amontis Turnaround Associates, that

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30-31 Freivalds #92.indd 31 10/30/07 4:24:02 PM 32-33 CAsnes #92.indd32 32 | Acme’s product islate,salespeople,offi substantial amount. a three-month delayreduces availablerevenue byonequarter, a agreements are worth$10 millionintheirtargeted fi tions are already setforthatopportunity. Let’s saythatthose the tacticalaspectsofinternationalizingcode,revenue projec- chances are thatbefore asingle developerbeginstofi accommodate newsalesrelationships inGermany andJapan, Acme company, forexample, planstoadaptitssoftware to impact onacompany’s income,aswellits competitive position. rants. Whenacompanyislatewithproduct, ithasaveryreal treated byproduct development teamswiththegravity itwar- stake, that’s averyseriousquestion,whichsometimes doesn’tget planning forandexecutingdevelopmentefforts.Givenwhat’s at are veryreal waystoreduce delays—andriskbyaccurately suddenly veerofffrom yourneeds. or distributormayhaveitsowntimetableandprioritiesthat from businessagreements toproduct development.Acustomer does thathavetodowithbusinessgreatness? presentations. down thatexchangeandstillusetheirquotesinmanyofmy companies inrecent businesshistorysingingmysong.Iwrote A Column MultiLingual But itdoesn’tstopthere. Ahostofothercostsisinvolved.If A simpleexercise usinground numbers bears thisout.Ifthe But intheworldoftechnologyproduct development,there International products maybelateformanyreasons ranging So, whyare internationalproducts sooftenlate?Andwhat Eureka! Here were twoleaders ofonethemostinfl products, particularlyforJapanandChina.” “Yeah, buteverybody’s alwayslateoninternational outside NorthAmerica.”To whichMoritzfi great companythatmakesover50%ofitsrevenue company great?” Schmidtquicklyanswered, “Any The fi Capital, aGoogleinvestorandboard member. CEO ofGoogle,andMichaelMoritzSequoia featured apaneldiscussionincluding EricSchmidt, A localleadership conference afewyears ago The BusinessSide rst questiontossedoutwas“Whatmakesa Any ideawhatthatcosts? Your project is late! eebr20 [email protected] December2007 ces, marketing efforts and ces, marketingeffortsand scal year, so red back, gure out uential without internationalizationfactored in. worldwide reach. globalization technologyasitaffects businessesexpandingtheir and Globalyzerproductdevelopment. Heisafrequentspeakeron oversight of Lingoport’s internationalizationservices engineering he focusesonsalesandmarketingallianceswhilemaintaining Adam Asnes founded Lingoportin2001. As presidentandCEO, increases inbothrevenue and earningsbefore interest, taxes, through reducing time-to-market alone—enjoyingnearly6% modest growth overafi recent years, andwe’llassume thattheproduct experiencesonly cost profi market effectsonprofi nifi isn’t workingonkeynewfeatures forcurrent customers, sosig- that, thecore developmentteaminternationalizingthesoftware can’t beoptimizeduntiltherelease isready, are idle.Ontopof customers are alsowaiting.Entire teams,whosesalariesandcosts As shownintheP&L,fi The accompanyingP&Lchartshowstheresults bothwithand Even withclearadditionalcosts,let’s evaluatesimpletime-to- cant hard costsaswellopportunityare atstake. P&L showstime-to-marketeffectofinternationalization. le consistentwithfi t andloss(P&L).We’ll assumeageneral ve-year timeframe. rms thatLingoporthasservedin rm standstobenefi Adam Asnes t substantially 10/30/07 4:25:32 PM Column

depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), most of that impact that inevitably occur when they lack experience? Fortunately, occurring in year 1 of the analysis, with a smaller advantage in the client’s engineering management, deeply experienced in each subsequent year. If higher sales growth expectations or the commercial software development for global markets, saw that expected cost savings from the localization effort to produce risk in advance. Not everyone is so lucky. these results were included, the impact would be even greater. This is, in my fi rm’s experience, all-too-familiar territory. Most importantly, for this same product, the same fi nancial Internationalization is frequently underestimated and under- improvement would accrue to each subsequent localization scheduled for a variety of reasons. First, remember that soft- project targeting other overseas markets. That could multiply ware developers are a pretty smart bunch. After all, they built the benefi t by as much as ten times, given the diverse interna- the software in question. Who knows it better than they do? tional markets that the average fi rm might address over time. Plus, they enjoy an interesting new technical challenge. So, it’s From this perspective, development management should always natural for developers to conclude that they can handle the consider enlisting some expert help when dealing with interna- effort themselves, without the inconvenience of dealing with tionalization issues. After all, it may be the fi rst or second time outsourcing experts, developers or tools. that the team has actually planned for or executed an interna- tionalization effort. Internationalization, almost without fail, ends Plan realistically for internationalization up being more complex than any developer on the client’s team The reality is that internationalization involves much more anticipates. In fact, the three-month lateness benchmark is likely than display-focused issues around language. Adapting software conservative. The reality is often much worse. to support any locale — not simply the next locale — typically The issue is critical enough that some large global technology means big changes to how software operates, extensive changes companies have built internal internationalization departments to database schema, research and adaptation to third-party that move from one development team to another, helping products, and re-factoring locale-limiting methods within the make sure the effort goes as planned. Most companies don’t code’s operations. There’s also a whole new set of quality assur- have broad enough product development needs to warrant ance issues to plan for. Until you’ve been through international- growing internal resources, but a few — especially globally ization over a number of technologies, from start to fi nish, it’s a ambitious software leaders — do. notoriously hard process to estimate. Exacerbating the situation Here is a real-world example — a client with an online auction is the fact that many issues are buried in the large amounts of system for heavy road building and construction equipment. source code, hard to precisely identify. Certain proprietary soft- The company simply had to have the product international- ware tools have been specifi cally built for this issue; otherwise, ized before the spring construction season started, or it would developers are inclined to develop code analysis and search tools miss heavy seasonal demand. At the same time, its development that are likely to be awkward at best in the identifi cation process. group had other deliverables that had been promised for the Understand how serious delays are to your company’s bottom current customer base. line and market efforts. Know the revenue projections and busi- With outside support services staff to help, it was a happy ness factors involved. Then make sure you go into internation- story of on-time delivery. But what if the client’s team had alization with your eyes wide open to the potential for delays elected to struggle through internationalization themselves and and the consequences and how to minimize the risk. Would you been confronted by expensive and time-consuming surprises want the cost of being late to be on your head? M

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32-33 C Asnes #92.indd 33 10/30/07 4:25:34 PM 34 mt-g #92.indd 34 10/30/07 5:13:48 PM 35 Industry Focus || 10/30/07 4:28:14 PM cant are cant MultiLingual Chinese Acupuncture Chinese Acupuncture Practical Diagnosis and the author of numerous by native Chi- cation in texts translated , a text published by the Foreign Languages Kevin V. Ergil is a licensed acupuncturist and associate Kevin professor and research coordinator in the School of & Oriental Medicine at the New York Acupuncture Chiropractic College. He has been involved in the translation of medical texts into English since the early 1980s when he began translating Tibetan medical texts. He is the editor of in Chinese Medicine articles and chapters on Chinese medicine. cation of ideas for the foreign reader. cation of ideas for the foreign reader. Interpretive simplification in Chinese publications Many of the English language texts published in China have Because most students and practitioners of traditional Chi- Because most students and practitioners problems of inconsistency and inaccuracy. But an additional, problems of inconsistency and inaccuracy. equally important problem besets these texts. This is the sim- plifi and Moxibustion Press for use throughout China in classes for foreigners, is a herbal medicine. Today, 42 states and the District of Columbia herbal medicine. Today, of acupuncture. More license or otherwise regulate the practice States provide train- than 50 accredited programs in the United herbal medicine. ing in the practice of acupuncture and Chinese acupuncturists practice in the 30,000 licensed Approximately United States. not have the ability to nese medicine outside of East Asia do their resources for read texts written in the Chinese language, depend in fundamental study and professional development publication of the earli- ways on translated materials. From the in China in the early est English language training manuals in translated and internationalized market to today’s 1970s fundamental issues original texts on Chinese medicine, certain the most signifi continue to present themselves. Two of the interpretive simplifi and the competing strate- and published in China nese speakers “dynamic equivalence” gies of “linguistic transparency” versus in texts translated by native English speakers. and Ten Lectures on Chinese Ten

Translating traditional Translating medicine Chinese V. Ergil Ergil & Kevin Marnae C. New York Chiropractic College. New York . She is currently associate profes-

ected in the tendency of Chinese physicians ected Chinese medicine is a traditional medical Chinese medicine is a traditional co-translator of Marnae C. Ergil is a licensed acupuncturist with degrees in East Asian studies, anthro- studies, with degrees in East Asian of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine at the of Acupuncture pology and Oriental medicine; translator of sor and academic coordinator in the School With the normalization of political relations between the system whose earliest practices can be found system whose earliest practices to at least 200 described in texts that date back this tradition is BCE. The primacy of text in refl and publish through the centuries to record on the writings their insights and to comment traditional of earlier physicians. In the 1950s, into a state- Chinese medicine was transformed in parallel sponsored medical practice provided of the West. with the bioscience-based medicine a critical role in During this time, text assumed of hospitals and mediating the standard practices of traditional structuring the curricula of schools medicine throughout China. Practical Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine Medicinals www.multilingual.com December 2007

People’s Republic of China and the United States in the early Republic of China and the United States in the early People’s the interest in the practice of elements of Chinese medi- 1970s, cine, such as acupuncture, became widespread. From 1973 to 1976, nine states enacted licensing laws permitting the practice of acupuncture by non-physicians. By the early 1980s, approxi- mately ten training programs provided specialized instruction in the practice of acupuncture and, in some cases, in Chinese C 35-38 F TCM Ergils LW1026.indd 35 Industry Focus

greatly simplifi ed discussion of acupuncture theory and point to read and understand the defi nitions of unusual terms. Often location. The compilers looked at the basic texts on acupuncture the terms chosen as equivalents within this type of glossary in Chinese and, based on some idea of what foreigners could are not words in common usage. Translator Hans Erich Nos- understand, determined what was and was not important to sack explains, “In order to fi nd an equivalent in one’s own include in the text. In the United States, this book is not gener- language for a foreign metaphor or to communicate a foreign ally used as a primary theory textbook, but rather linguistic gesture with a corresponding expression, one is as a standard for point location. When the book is forced to use words that do not belong to his normal not used as a primary text, the simplifi cation in and vocabulary.” of itself is not a block to effective learning. When Linguistic transparency also requires that the transla- this text serves as the primary text for a training tor have greater access to the English language than the program, as it does for the “advanced courses” average reader. Rather than choosing a term because it offered under the auspices of the World Health has been used before and is in common usage or because Organization, it gives the student the impression it is more fl uent than a less commonly used that there really is not much complexity to the term, such translators strive to choose terms theory of traditional Chinese medicine and that that will aid in the transmission of the mes- theory is not all that relevant to practice. sage in a fashion that is appropriate to the The more recently published 12-volume Prac- receptor culture. tical English-Chinese Library of Traditional Chi- Within the fi eld of Chinese medicine, nese Medicine at least acknowledges that in the original the earliest work to address the concept of Chinese, fundamental theory, diagnosis, acupuncture and linguistic transparency is that of Manfred treatment each exist as individual texts and that slightly Porkert, who stated in 1974 that it was more theory might be useful for the practitioner. necessary that “we be provided with a But, when these texts are compared with texts of methodologically adequate, coherent, and the same title in Chinese, volumes of highly rele- comprehensible account of the Chinese vant information are found to be absent. This is a theories in a Western language. Such an larger problem in a series like the Library because account in turn requires consistent use of a precise it is designed to provide a comprehensive and Western terminology to stand for that of the Chinese thorough discussion of the theory of traditional authors.” The equivalencies that Porkert developed Chinese medicine. The series is published by the were primarily based upon normative Latin Shanghai College of Traditional Chinese Medi- equivalents and/or English equivalents. cine Publishing House, the same publishing Porkert clearly stated that the message that house that produces the 32 standard textbooks he was attempting to relay was the depth for fi ve-year programs at colleges of traditional of complexity and logical, inductive rea- Chinese medicine in China. The Library series is soning associated with Chinese medicine. often erroneously perceived to be a translation of the standard Unfortunately, while his linguistic model Chinese textbooks by students looking for sources of informa- was strong, the lack of familiarity with tion on traditional Chinese medicine. Latin on the part of American students of Many Chinese translations use relatively simple language to Chinese medicine rendered his terminol- translate ideas that are often very complex. It is important to ogy opaque rather than transparent. By remember that the Chinese language is a character- 1983, when Porkert’s second book was based language, and each character can have multiple A selection from the 12-volume published, other translators and writers meanings. In traditional Chinese medical texts, how- Practical English-Chinese Library were producing texts that were more lin- ever, there is a clear-cut technical language that is of Traditional Chinese Medicine. guistically available to the new student of used to convey ideas. When this language is translated Chinese medicine. into biomedical terms — into terms that carry explicit The second attempt to develop a sys- connotations in English — or the content is reduced or simpli- tematic glossary of Chinese medical terminology has been fi ed to facilitate the “foreign” reader’s understanding, much of much more successful, although it still remains controversial. the meaning of the Chinese text and terms is lost. Success here is measured not only by fi nancial success — the number of books sold — but also by the number of transla- ‘Linguistic transparency’ vs. ‘dynamic equivalence’ tors and authors who have chosen to adopt the terminology in texts translated by native English speakers and use the available standard. To date, Nigel Wiseman is the Translation projects in Chinese medicine undertaken by only individual to produce a systematic, thoroughly researched native speakers of English can essentially be characterized as and readily available terminological gloss of Chinese medicine based on commitments to two different translation paradigms: terms. Wiseman’s 1991 Glossary of Chinese Medical Terms “linguistic transparency” or “dynamic equivalence.” and Acupuncture Points and his later A Practical Dictionary Linguistic transparency refers to the idea that, through the of Chinese Medicine (1998) are based upon the same linguistic use of a standard, readily available glossary or dictionary of and translation guidelines as Porkert’s work — that a normative Chinese medical terminology, the original Chinese of the text translation will open the availability of the interpretation of a becomes essentially transparent to an individual who knows text to the reader, rather than depending upon the translator both languages or to a reader who is willing to make the effort for that interpretation.

36 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

35-38 F TCM Ergils LW1026.indd 36 10/30/07 4:28:15 PM Industry Focus

Wiseman, like Porkert, has been criticized for choosing what these glossaries indicates that these authors/translators do not some consider cumbersome and complicated language, although feel that the extent of the technical language used is nearly as his language is much more readily accessible. His response is large as that refl ected in the 26-page glossary of Wiseman’s that “the use of a less frequently used English word makes read- Fundamentals of Chinese Medicine or the 429 pages of Wise- ers stop and think before they jump to unjustifi ed conclusions man’s Glossary and 719 pages of his A Practical Dictionary. The based on Western ideas or notions associated with individual newly revised version of Bensky’s Materia Medica has a fi ve- English words. . . .” Wiseman’s linguistic choices are not immu- page glossary with only 57 terms. table, nor does he reject critiques of his choices, but, as he states, “failure to refl ect the concepts and distinctions of the original Terminological choices and their consequences Chinese, failure to use terms consistently, and failure to relate The result of little cohesion or interaction among translators terminological choices to the Chinese language are entirely during the 1970s and 1980s is, as Maciocia says, numerous unacceptable because these practices violate the integrity of different translations for the same Chinese characters. Over the Chinese medicine.” years, many different English words have Dynamic equivalence is a free or para- been used to represent a single character phrasiastic translation in which the trans- from a Chinese medicine text. If the words lator is less concerned with matching the had originally been glossed and the reader message between the source and target lan- Over the years, could return to the original, this would not guages than he or she is with the dynamic many different English pose as great a problem. When multiple quality of the text. Thus, a translation based terms are used, however, and the reader on dynamic equivalence “aims at complete words have been used has no way to determine what the original naturalness of expression, and tries to relate term was, he or she then has no way of the receptor to modes of behavior relevant to represent a single understanding that each term represents within the context of his own culture; it does character from a the same idea in Chinese. Not only does not insist that he understand the cultural the meaning of the original character get patterns of the source-language context in Chinese medicine text. lost in the shuffl e, but new ideas emerge order to comprehend the message.” and become a part of the corpus of infor- Proponents of the dynamic equivalence mation that makes up Chinese medicine model of translation include translators, for the English speaker. Anthropologically, such as John O’Connor and Dan Bensky, this is an extremely interesting phenom- and authors such as Giovanni Maciocia who strive to make the enon. From the point of view of a clinician, however, it can material readable, even at the expense of using a linguistically change the nature of a clinically signifi cant idea and create a more appropriate term. Maciocia states, “It is extremely diffi - great deal of confusion. cult to translate Chinese medical terminology into English, and The language used to translate the names of the classic 28 nearly every single Western acupuncture book uses different pulses of Chinese medicine is a good example. One of these translations for the various Chinese terms. This is understand- pulses, a xuán mài, is regularly and variously translated as able as every writer tries to fi nd as close an approximation as wiry, stringlike or bowstring, depending upon the translator. It possible to the original Chinese meaning. The result is a very is possible to meet students of Chinese medicine in the United confusing variety of different translations for the same Chinese States who, having been exposed to all three English terms, term. . . . I have reviewed afresh all Chinese medical terms will attempt to elaborate a precise distinction between each and tried to tread a middle way between changing established of them. These students essentially create a set of imagined translations whenever I thought it was essential, and keeping concepts which have no basis whatsoever in Chinese texts but certain others on account of established use.” have emerged only through the agency of multiple terms being In later work, Bensky et al. nod to the issue of technical provided for a single character. The discovery that no difference language, but state that “our overall approach to translation . . . exists can provide both shock and relief to the student, who had of technical terms is to make the transmission of the concepts attempted to both defi ne and palpate distinct pulses that were as transparent as possible . . . While there are many technical entirely unknown to the Chinese. terms in Chinese medicine, the majority are more akin to those This fact becomes clear only when students and practitioners of wine tasting than of biomedicine, and are likely to be at least are able to return to the original character, but because most of the somewhat intelligible to the uninitiated.” This seems to imply texts available do not adequately gloss their terminology, there is that there is an emphasis on the “transmission of concepts” as no point of reference for the student or the teacher. Thus, terms they are understood by the translators, for a literate but uniniti- such as xuán mài can take on either new or multiple meanings. ated audience, not transparency of language for an audience of professionals. Consequences of linguistically inappropriate terms O’Connor, Maciocia and Bensky et al. are emphasizing what As detrimental to clinical clarity as simplifi cation and mul- they perceive to be the needs of their audience. Unfortunately, tiple terms in translating specifi c technical expressions is the none of these works provides an extensive gloss to the reader. use of linguistically inappropriate words. An example of the The glossary for the fi rst edition of Foundations of Chinese occurrence of this is the translation of b˘u and xiè. These two Medicine consists of 1.5 pages, for a total of 56 terms. Admit- terms are very important to the therapeutic application of acu- tedly, these were early works in the development of a corpus of puncture and herbal medicine. The Chinese generally use either literature in the fi eld of Chinese medicine. However, the size of the terms tonify and sedate or reinforce and reduce.

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While reinforce does carry the idea of makes clear all of the possible meanings informed conclusions about what they adding to or supporting something and will allow the reader to understand the have read. might be an appropriate choice, tonify, breadth of the clinical conversation tak- While this solution does not directly as it turns out, is not an English word. ing place and to decide for themselves resolve the complex state of affairs in the Sedate also does not include the mean- what the author may have been discuss- fi eld of Chinese medicine translation, it ing of to draw off or allow to fl ow, which ing, based upon the context. does offer clarity to the consumer. is implied in xiè. Reduce does have this meaning and again could be appropriate. Publishers develop Conclusion Unfortunately, in the Chinese texts, the translation standards Although driven by different consid- terms have been used inconsistently and In an attempt to foster a constructive erations, the terminological choices made interchangeably. conversation concerning the issues of by both Chinese and non-Chinese authors In China, reinforce and reduce have translation and terminology in the fi eld and translators of Chinese medicine texts been used primarily to describe acupunc- of Chinese medicine, a group of publish- have greatly affected what students and ture techniques. When describing the ers, authors and translators came together practitioners learn and understand about functions and actions of herbs and for- in 1993 to form the Council of Oriental Chinese medicine. Decisions about ter- mulas, however, the Chinese will use Medicine Publishers (COMP). The goal of minology may be based upon extensive reinforce, replenish or tonify for b˘u and COMP was for publishers to create a code linguistic research, upon the appropriate- sedate or remove or reduce for xiè. The for labeling publications so that the reader ness of a term for the specifi c context of inconsistency of usage, combined with can have suffi cient information to under- a statement, upon the fact that a term has the use of words that do not accurately stand what kind of Chinese medicine text been used before and so has become the convey the idea of the Chinese character, they are examining. COMP developed the accepted norm, or because it is the West- leads the reader to believe that several following concepts that publishers and ern medicine translation of the concept. different functions or actions are possi- authors might wish to apply: No matter how or why decisions are made, ble. Tonify and sedate have become the Guarantee of Validity: an assertion of they affect the quality and usefulness of a most commonly used terms in the United accuracy. textbook, a matter that makes the topic of States. Wiseman argues that all of the Source Documentation: “describes how terminology and standardization one of words used to date should be replaced an English text relates to a foreign source greater importance to publishers, authors with supplement and drain, thereby and how that foreign source fi ts in its and educators. M relieving the reader of trying to deter- own culture.” mine what the author is talking about. Freely Available Standard Glossaries: “Lists of relationships between words in References The consequences of using a foreign language and English words Bensky, Dan, et al. Chinese Herbal biomedical terminology that can be referenced by any reader, Medicine: Materia Medica. 3rd ed. Vista, Some translators have chosen to author or publisher.” California: Eastland Press, 2004. translate Chinese medicine signs, symp- In addition, COMP developed the fol- Council of Oriental Medicine Publishers toms or patterns into biomedical signs, lowing labels for books: (COMP). “Description of Concepts.” www symptoms or diseases. For example, Original Document: “writings that claim .paradigm-pubs.com/sites/www.paradigm- most of the texts coming out of China no authority from any particular foreign pubs.com/fi les/u1/comp.pdf have translated the character shàn as source.” Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of hernia, yĿng as abscess and lín as dys- Functional Translation: “based on a Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for uria. If, however, one looks at the mean- foreign source, but the map between that Acupuncturists and Herbalists. Edinburgh, ing of the characters and the contexts source and the English book is not so Scotland: Churchill Livingstone Press, 1989. where each can be used, these terms fi rmly fi xed that another translator could Nossack, Hans Erich. “Translating and in fact have much more meaning than reproduce the work.” Being Translated.” Theories of Translation: An is contained in the word chosen. Shàn Denotive Translation: “The map be- Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida. Ed. includes the idea of hernia, but also can tween the original and the English edi- Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. 228-38. describe “any of various diseases charac- tion is exact.” terized by pain or swelling of the abdo- Connotive Translation: The work is Porkert, Manfred. Essentials of Chinese Diagnostics. Zurich, Switzerland: Chinese men or scrotum.” YĿng also has a much “grounded in a stylebook and there is a Medicine Publications Ltd., 1983. broader defi nition than just abscess. Lín, map to the sources,” but the terminology Porkert, Manfred. Theoretical Foundations of like yĿng and shàn, is broader than just and style of the translation are such that Chinese Medicine: Systems of Correspondence. dysuria and includes concepts such as the book is adapted to the culture of the Asian Science Series: No. 3. Cambridge, urinary tract infections, stones in the audience. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1974. urine, gonorrhea and more. In situa- In creating this voluntary labeling Wiseman, Nigel. Glossary of Chinese Medical tions like these, there may be no single system, COMP members are attempting Terms and Acupuncture Points. Brookline, English word that can convey all of the to avoid labeling one type of work as Massachusetts: Paradigm Publications, 1991. meanings of the Chinese character in all better than another while simultaneously Wiseman, Nigel, and Feng Ye. A Practical of its contexts. But choosing a term that allowing the readership to make informed Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. will best cover all of the meanings and decisions about the type of informa- Brookline, Massachusetts: Paradigm then glossing the term in a manner that tion they want to read and to come to Publications, 1998.

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Industry Focus || 10/30/07 4:29:50 PM MultiLingual u will be broad, deep and simultaneous, and states u will be broad, deep and simultaneous, However, it is pretty clear that organizations at all levels, hav- it is pretty clear However, the bone, the Ontario As an example of how close we run to was a But SARS Similar things happened in Hong Kong. Thanks to global transport and communications systems, it For example, patient record management systems will fail if staff in “normal” times, even if that meant its total failure in staff in “normal” times, even if that meant an emergency. just-in-time deliveriesing carefully practiced lean working and minimum, willthat pared their workforce down to a functional absentee rate, not onlyhave a very hard time dealing with a 40% suppliers and customersamong their own staffs but among their is very high. as well. The probability of systemic failure in 2003 because of the health system came close to collapse was hard to contract and not an illness that effects of SARS, health system on the had Ontario’s especially lethal. “SARS says the report of the Com- edge of a complete breakdown,” in and Spread of SARS mission to Investigate the Introduction so system worked Ontario. “The wonder is not that the health at all.” but that it worked badly during SARS, compared to a genuine pandemic, to quote the US cakewalk National Governors Association, which says, “The effects of a pandemic fl must focus resources to ensure continuation of essential ser- decisions to be made vices. A pandemic will force many key in a dynamic environment of shifting events, and partnerships must be built now and tested to ensure appropriate and rapid http://tinyurl Primer,” action” (“NGA Center Releases Pandemic .com/kf7vs). all points at once. Nobody will be “outside” and able will strike of that “dynamic environment” to “manage” the problem. Part over from decisions made by people who have taken will be key the sick, the absent and the dead. They will need to learn fast, and the technology will have to get out of the way. they cannot cope with 30% or more staff absent and a magni- tude increase in admissions. The systems will have to be oper- the risk, and they will have to able by anyone willing to take help those people or they will be abandoned. #2007-240 Latest Graphics — “Predic- Latest #2007-240

The role of information of information The role in pandemics technology Earl Mardle cally excluded communities. uenza, for which one researcher was brutally

about the out- nition we are also talking or specifi Bug Update who focuses on ethical issues raised by globalization and on providing access to globalization and on providing u becomes transmissible among humans its lethality u becomes transmissible Earl Mardle is an independent consultant information technologies for underserved When the next pandemic strikes, it will be it will When the next pandemic strikes, Not only does a globalized economy permit the spread of have no experience of what happens when even one of We break of a new source of illness for which our break of a new source of illness species is unequipped. in their expectations Experts on pandemics vary somewhat unleashed in an environment that is both unpre- unleashed in an environment that in pared for it and completely inexperienced and virulence. dealing with events of this scale By defi W www.multilingual.com December 2007 clear — it pretty much kills us all (M. Randolph Kruger e-mail clear — it pretty much kills us all (M. newsletter, will reduce, possibly to as low as 5% of those affected, assumed to be around 40% of the population at its peak. pandemic made it round the world such a disease — the 1918 several times and infected even remote communities without commercial jets — but we are now vastly more dependent on the networks that are enabled in that global economy. those global networks, be it a supply chain or a 24/7 services business, suddenly has to operate with 40% of its staff missing. managed to do so would prob- any business that Paradoxically, ably earn the ire of its shareholders for employing too many of the lethality of a new pandemic. It ranges downward from of the lethality of a new pandemic. It for those contracting the current mortality rate of 60%-plus H5N1 avian infl Kong”). Others propose that as the T from Hong tions by Dr. avian fl 39-43 F Mardle.indd 39 Industry Focus

Triage will be impossible because, to A pandemic outbreak and the news controls on movement. has just begin with, we will have no way to know about it will spread almost as quickly had a rehearsal for such an event with the indicators for survival until the end in real-space, across borders and across the outbreak of equine infl uenza (EI), of the fi rst week at least — possibly lon- oceans, as it does in cyberspace. A major and within hours all movement of all ger. Epidemiological research will have problem is that the pandemic is clear horses became illegal. The fi rst case of EI to be conducted in real time based on about its agenda, while the information was confi rmed on August 24, 2007. The incomplete data, fragmentary informa- about it will be less than certain and so positive test resulted in the lockdown of tion, interrupted series and staff who may lag well behind the actual wave approximately 60 horses in and vanish partway through the process. front of the pandemic. Melbourne. By the next day, there were It will be crucial that the experience Such a lag could make the information over 80 suspected cases. All horses were of every treatment site that can manage about its outbreak redundant. We will hear isolated, and a 72-hour national standstill it be collected, aggregated, processed on the movement of horses was declared and made available to all sites quickly (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_ and in actionable forms. In essence, An effective outbreak Australian_Equine_infl uenza_outbreak). none of our technologies is currently up To do that to an entire population to the task. advisory system will without good reason is to invite a severe political and economic backlash that could There will be no rehearsal need a common global lead to revolution in some countries and The outbreak will be a vital moment language for a wide massive political failure in others — not for the global computer and the networks something that any politician will court that construct it. It will be a very severe range of data or unless he or she is forced to. test for multilingual and cross-cultural agreed and trusted Second, economic responses to both communications, translation tools and an actual outbreak and to a false alarm for standards, the quality of their imple- translation processes. will be virtually identical. As the prospect mentation and the tools that use them. of just-in-time supply chain disruptions 1. We will have to be 100% correct in arises, those who can will head for the announcing an outbreak. A false positive about it fi rst as our friends and relatives markets and buy every food and medi- will cause as much damage as an actual fall sick and die rather than on the news. cal item they can afford, plus everything outbreak. Governments and their news media will they can put on credit cards. 2. We will have to detect it very have to be very careful in announcing the Many people in essential services who quickly. outbreak of a pandemic for two reasons. would normally be highly exposed to a 3. We will have to spread the word First, government responses to an pandemic (medical staff, police, shop staff) around the world at internet speed. We outbreak include sealing borders, ban- will take pre-emptive action and fail to turn will depend in large measure on those ning public gatherings (schools, social, up to work. Some research puts potential whose work is at the boundaries between religious and community events) and absenteeism among medical staff at 30% nations, languages and jurisdictions. almost certainly declaring very strict in addition to losses from actual illness No Complications. No Side Effects. www.fxtrans.com

Medical translations you can trust.

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which are themselves predicted to be one country will exceed the offi cial recovery and mortality rates, apparently around 40% at any one time (“Some health resources of that country. One way successful and unsuccessful treatments staff wouldn’t work during a pandemic,” to extend those resources is to make and so on. Web 2.0 exponents claim that http://uk.reuters.com/article/healthNews/ the information and the tools used to if they can collectively get their hands idUKHAR26607620070522?rpc=401&). manage and analyze it available to the on it, we have a better chance of fi guring The effect of a false alarm would be internet. Not only will that expose the out a survival strategy in time. economically and politically devastating, levels of health risk, it will enable the Another reason for following this path and, given the global nature of so much rest of the world to see how that data is is that, while we are currently and rightly activity, the effects would rapidly spread being understood and to fi nd possible concerned about avian infl uenza as the around the world. Invoking that kind of holes in that understanding. outcome for no good reason would be For example, Dr. Ying-Ta Wu, a biolo- ironic, to say the least. gist at the Genomics Research Center of On the other hand, to fail to detect the Academia Sinica in Taiwan, is using the outbreak and advise us in time will more than 41,000 computers in 50 coun- also be a fatal mistake. Nevertheless, the tries in the Enabling Grids for E-science reality is that even if the computers and network to fi nd promising new drugs the people who program and operate that might be able to battle the bird fl u them get it exactly right, it will be very virus (“41,000 PCs seek bird fl u cure,” likely that the message they send about www.itnews.com.au/news/62713,41000- the outbreak of a pandemic will be the pcs-seek-bird-fl u-cure.aspx). last message that goes out. In the meantime, an effective outbreak advisory system will need either a com- Strategic responses: mon global language for a wide range pandemic 2.0 of data, or agreed and trusted transla- Publisher Tim O’Reilly has produced one tion processes to ensure that the mes- of the simpler defi nitions of Web 2.0: “Web sage coming across the border from one 2.0 applications are those that make the jurisdiction is clearly and unequivocally most of the intrinsic advantages of that understood by the rest of us. platform: delivering software as a continu- This is going to be a vastly more com- ally-updated service that gets better the plex task as we move to more subtle and more people use it, consuming and remix- infl ected reporting modes. For example, ing data from multiple sources, including the World Health Organization (WHO) is individual users, while providing their own considering a shift from highly formatted data and services in a form that allows numerical data gathering for project evalu- remixing by others, creating network effects ation because it is very time consuming, through an “architecture of participation,” open to error and manipulation at various and going beyond the page metaphor of points, and, above all, frequently fails to Web 1.0 to deliver rich user experiences” convey the signifi cance of events or the (“Web 2.0: Compact Defi nition?” http:// urgency with which they must be dealt (Dr. radar.oreilly.com/archives/2005/10/web_ Véronique Inès Thouvenot, International 20_compact_defi nition.html). Health Regulation Monitoring & Evalua- A key to Web 2.0 is that all resources, tion Systems, WHO Lyon Offi ce, National tools, algorithms and data are made avail- Epidemic Preparedness and Response). able to others in ways that they can use The alternative being investigated is and re-use them, in ways that the original narrative-based and capable of far more owner has not imagined or has not the subtle and shaded communication. It is time or resources to implement. It embod- also, as any critical reader will know, ies the truism that all of us are smarter able to carry meta-messages beyond the and have more resources than any subset apparent data that it reports, and it is also of us, and that if we can bring those mas- harder to interfere with while still retain- sively parallel resources to bear, we can ing the authentic voice of the author. On solve problems that no one group, orga- the other hand, making such information nization or nation can solve alone. Since rapidly and reliably available on a global we will be up against Mother Nature, who scale will be very diffi cult. Translation is smarter and more adaptive and inno- software will have to be very sophisti- vative than all of us combined, anything cated, nuanced and faithful. less than all of us working together will In the meantime, however, the main leave us dangerously exposed. sources of data will continue to be aggre- The task of monitoring and ana- gations of numbers — numbers of treat- lyzing all of the health data for any ments at clinics, admissions to hospitals,

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probable source of the next pandemic, it may be something totally different that is even now nothing more than an apparent anomaly in someone’s data. Simulating a strategy The most popular single use of broad- band networks is gaming. Massive multi- player role-playing games (MMORPGs) such as World of Warcraft, Second Life and other online sims are addictive in themselves as the recent death of a Chi- nese player attests (“Chinese player dies from 3-day gaming marathon,” http:// gamesblog.ugo.com/index.php/games blog/more/chinese_player_dies_from_ 3_day_gaming_marathon). So, enlisting these games in the task should not be diffi cult. We are already beginning to use these MMORPGs as test beds for a huge range of new possibilities that cannot and in some cases should not be tested in any other environment. One of those is the outbreak of a pandemic. Corrupted Blood Plague taking place in Ironforge, from World of Warcraft (www.WoWiki.com). World of Warcraft, for example, is being used for exactly that. In late spun out of control. As in reality, some to roam freely. Programmers tried to set 2005, programmers introduced a highly of those carrying the virus slipped up quarantines, but they were ignored. contagious disease — dubbed “Corrupted back into the virtual world’s densely Finally, they shut down the servers and Blood” — into a newly created game populated cities, rapidly infecting their rebooted the system. zone. At fi rst it worked as expected: defenseless inhabitants. The disease also Nina Fefferman of Rutgers University is experienced players shrugged it off spread via domesticated animals aban- discussing with the game’s manufacturer, like a bad cold, and weaker ones were doned by players for fear of infecting Blizzard, a unit of French media giant Viv- left with disabled avatars. But things their avatars, leaving the sickened pets endi, how future updates might yield useful scientifi c data. “As technology and biology become more heavily integrated in daily life,” she says, “this small step towards the YOUR EXPERT interaction of virtual viruses and humans could become highly signifi cant” (www IN VETERINARY .smh.com.au/news/web/one-very-sick- game/2007/08/21/1187462227686.html? TRANSLATION page=fullpage#contentSwap1). While such gaming gives insights into expected behavior in the event of Translating and a pandemic and could be a vital tool communicating to in educating people about the likely veterinarians and outcomes of the strategies they might pet owners are not adopt, it will also probably demonstrate as simple as you a gloomy truth — that nothing we are may have thought. instinctively inclined to do is likely to have any signifi cant effect on the likelihood of us contracting the disease. For more information Many things that we think might be a [email protected] good idea are very likely to make things www.chefdumonde.co.uk worse even faster in economic and social terms. There’s another role for gaming, how- ever, that offers more exciting possibili- ties than simply realizing that all is lost. This is to open the rules by which the

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game itself operates. Obviously, there information. They will have diffi culty dies suddenly long before the power will be no value in trying to mess with hearing about what is happening in other being provided to it is zero; it degrades the laws of physics and the behavior of places, how others are dealing with the inelegantly, and unpredictably. the virus, but the laws and regulations pandemic, how they are coping with the We need IT systems that fail smoothly passed by human authorities, the terms disruption, and, most important of all, and predictably, not those that are there of contracts — both explicit commercial whether the waves of the disease are wind- one moment and dead the next. Oth- ones and implicit social ones — are areas ing down and who has what resources to erwise, when it comes to the role of IT in which, albeit with some effort, we can begin the reconstruction of a social and in pandemics, the chapter may be very change the environment in which the economic fabric. short and very uncomplimentary. M pandemic will be played out. Information technology will need a By enabling players to clone games set of essential properties to be at all use- with new sets of rules — such as decid- ful in such a circumstance. It will have to ing that on outbreak, all interest rates be low-powered, able to be supported by are set to zero for the duration — and solar, hand crank or pedal-power. It will then running many iterations of these have to be able to discover other opera- morphs of the world we live in, we may tional systems within range and without fi nd a parallel world not far away in technical input, so some form of wireless which the chances of our societies and mesh networking will be mandatory. It is economies surviving or recovering from not beyond the bounds of possibility that such an event are signifi cantly higher. a key to community connectivity may be Creating the Web-2.0-style tools that the One Laptop Per Child program (http:// enable these “game rules” to be changed laptop.org), the Jhai PC (www.jhai.org/jhai and enabling players to choose among _remoteIT.html) or one of the many simi- different social and economic rule sets lar, low-powered devices being assem bled will open up the process to the benefi ts of to provide connectivity for the poorest networked resources. communities. The question is whether At a meta-meta level, the process will rich communities will have those appro- also give us — and those who govern us — priate resources when they are needed. In more experience in making overt, explicit the interest of disclosure, I am a non- and “open” the actual rules by which we executive director and advisor to the Jhai play the games of life now. Even if there is Foundation, which has developed a com- no pandemic, the benefi ts of that process munity-based, pedal-powered, low-cost could be very substantial for something wifi -networked computer for deployment that many in leadership positions have in developing countries. been claiming they want for a long time The software that such systems use — transparent governance. will have to be very user friendly and will have to produce useful information Network horizons: and communications for people without local is everything specialized knowledge. This will apply In a meeting on pandemic response not only to community communications at the University of the Philippines, but also in specialist sectors such as Manila, in 2006, a room full of medical utilities and health information systems, experts made it clear to me that their fi rst which may fi nd themselves being oper- response to a pandemic outbreak would ated not by highly trained staff but by be to go home to ensure that their fami- those remaining after disease and deser- lies were all right before taking up their tion have taken their toll. offi cial duties. In discussing that reality, Last but not least, all the tools that we we realized that there may be no point in build — data collection and processing, their returning to the central city because translation and distribution, communi- the government would probably have cation, Web 2.0 mashups, software or closed down movement and that, if they hardware — need to degrade elegantly could get home, their best option might as their supports and input sources fail. be to plan to stay there, provide general Complex systems are like a fl uorescent practice and public health services and tube compared to an incandescent bulb. act as centers of health information and If you reduce the power to the latter as organization. with a dimmer, the performance of the At the same time communities — in bulb degrades elegantly by proportion- protecting themselves from infection by ally reducing the amount of light it excluding transit and other non-mem- emits almost to zero, but a fl uorescent bers — will also cut themselves off from behaves very badly, it fl ickers and then

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39-43 F Mardle.indd 43 10/30/07 4:29:54 PM 44-48 FErcole.indd 44 44 important questions. have summarizedinTable 1. tics). Thisobviouslyencompasses awiderangeoftextsthatwe the veterinaryindustry(pharmaceutical, petfoodanddiagnos- farmers; animalandpublichealth governmentagencies;and erinary nursesandreceptionists;petowners;animalbreeders; and veterinarypracticestaffincludingsurgeons, vet- ing categoriesofpeopleororganizations:veterinaryacademics sponds tothetranslationoftextsthatmainlytargetfollow- translation exists.Putsimply, veterinarytranslationcorre- accepted, mostreadersprobablydonotknowthatveterinary | V MultiLingual We willtryinthisarticletoanswerthose fi 5) Butisthisveterinarytranslationbusinessreallyworthit? 4) Howwouldyoudefi 3) Couldn’tyousimplyextrapolatefromhumanmedicine? 2) Isitreallythatspecialized?specifi translation isallabout. asked whentryingtoexplainwhatveterinary through theusualseriesofquestionsweare The easiestwaytoapproachthistopicisgo lend themselvestotheoreticalexplanations. essence ofthisspecializedfi veterinary translation.Infact,theconceptand to veterinarysurgeonsalike theessenceof to colleaguesinthetranslationindustryand surprise —wefacewhentryingtoexplain — usuallyaccompaniedbyexpressionsof of thatfi While theconceptofmedicaltranslationingeneraliswidely by What doyoumeanexactly 1) Whatdoyoumeanexactlyby mean by Industry Focus “Veterinary translation?”“Whatdoyou veterinary translation veterinary eld!” Thesearethetypicalresponses veterinary translation eebr20 [email protected] December2007 Fabio Ercole&SusanMcLeish-Krieger to veterinarytranslation An introduction ne veterinary-specifi ? veterinary translation eld donotreadily ?” “Neverheard c terminology? ve basicbut c? ? nology requirementsforeachtargetaudienceareveryspecifi “domesticated” species are cows, sheep, horses, pigs, cats, dogs and “domesticated” speciesarecows,sheep,horses,pigs,cats,dogs and due tothevastnumberofanimalspeciesinvolved.Thetraditional ized andspecifi when decidingifagiventextisveterinary-specifi a veterinarytranslationjob. and mustbetaken intoaccountwhentakingonorapproaching ized knowledgeoftheveterinaryfi does itinvolveterminologythatonlysomeonewithaspecial- non-specialists? will terminological/registerresearchbediffi an understandingoftheproceduresthatarereferredto,and ily accessiblethroughresearch,ordoesthetextalsorequire nary professionorisitaimedatlaypeople? target audienceexpectations? language knowledgetotranslatethetextaccuratelyandmeet understand thetext?Ifso,isheorshelikely tohavethetarget As wewilllaterdiscuss,thetranslationregisterandtermi- The knowledgerequiredtotranslateveterinarytextisspecial- Is itreallythatspecialized?specific? Can anaveragepersonwithgeneralscientifi In general,thereareacertainnumberofcriteriatoconsider Even ifthetextappearssimpleandisaimedatlaypeople, If thetextcontainsspecialistterminology, isthisread- Who isthetargetaudience?Istopicaimedatveteri- veterinary surgeonandqualifi is founderanddirectorofHieroglyphica, Susan McLeish-Krieger, aFranco-British providing freelanceveterinary and c. veterinary andanimalhealthlanguageservices. Monde, atranslationagencyspecializingin co-founder andcurrentdirectorofChefdu Fabio Ercole,aFrenchveterinarysurgeon,is Indeed, health is a very diverse subject area Indeed,animalhealthisaverydiversesubjectarea medical translationservices. ed translator, eld wouldknow? cult toaccessby c ornot. c knowledge c 10/30/07 4:31:35 PM c Industry Focus

Target audience Kind of text translated Scientifi c articles to be published in specialist veterinary journals Veterinary expert reports Veterinary academics Veterinary textbooks and surgeons Technical manuals on equipment used in veterinary medicine and surgery — for example, lab or surgical/ anesthetic equipment Literature on products used in veterinary practice such as drugs, pet food and client communication tools Scientifi c articles to be published in specialist veterinarian nursing journals Veterinary textbooks for nurses and technicians Veterinary nurses Technical manuals on equipment used in the veterinary clinic Literature on products used in veterinary practice, mainly pet food and client communication tools Brochures on specifi c diseases (allergies, heart disease, arthritis and so on) Pet owners Brochures on specifi c drugs General literature on pet management such as dietary, parasite treatment, neutering and behavior Brochures on specifi c diseases, especially diseases affecting the whole breeding farm Animal breeders Brochures on specifi c drugs General literature on animal management or better breeding practices Brochures on specifi c conditions (ileitis, mastitis, Aujeszky’s disease and so on) Farmers Brochures on specifi c drugs General literature on animal management or better breeding practices Expert report Animal and public health Import/Export certifi cate government agencies Specifi c laws regulating the animal-health and veterinary industry Marketing Authorization Applications (SPC, Expert Report, MRL studies and others) The veterinary industry (pharmaceutical, pet food Product monographs and diagnostics) Clinical trials Table 1: Examples of veterinary-specifi c texts.

poultry, but goats, alpacas, rabbits, small species-specifi c herd management that who will clearly spot an inaccurate or non- rodents, fi sh, reptiles and numerous other corresponds to a fragile equilibrium idiomatic translation. species also enter the veterinary fi eld. This between animal health issues and fi nan- The structure of veterinary practices variety means that the knowledge required cial consequences, demanding the fi nest and the code of conduct that regulates to translate veterinary-related texts encom- veterinary judgment. them are country-specifi c. Some coun- passes a wide range of different texts and As a matter of fact, a veterinary surgeon tries such as the United States and the topics, and it usually takes years to acquire spends on average fi ve years in intensive United Kingdom have highly structured specialist knowledge in all these species training, studying a wide range of animal veterinary practices (or sometimes hospi- and topics. species. And in some countries, grades tals) including While being diverse, animal health is required to enter veterinary school are Q partners (usually veterinary sur- also highly specialized within each spe- higher than those needed to study medicine, geons) who may specialize in a specifi c cies and subject area. This high degree of which highlights the challenging nature area such as surgery, radiography or busi- specialization often comes as a surprise and specialization of this type of training. ness management; to non-veterinarians, particularly to doc- Moreover, with the development of aca- Q a practice manager who is respon- tors. A veterinarian is a clinician, surgeon, demic veterinary specializations, this trend sible for internal and external communi- radiographer, ultrasonographer, derma- is increasing, and brain surgery, open-heart cation and purchasing supplies (drugs, pet tologist, neurologist, dentist, oncol ogist, surgery, organ transplantation and so on food and so on); behaviorist, ophthalmologist and pathol- are becoming more common. This involves Q veterinary nurses who are respon- ogist, to name but a few, and each of the growth of very specialized texts that sible for certain types of veterinary acts these areas is highly specialized. In the need to be translated, including complex within the practice and who may be spe- case of large animals, this also includes texts aimed at highly trained professionals cialized in one area;

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44-48 F Ercole.indd 45 10/30/07 4:31:37 PM Industry Focus

Q and receptionists who are responsible Source text Potential mistranslation/ Correct translation for welcoming clients and their pets, book- (US or UK English) inaccurate translation (in European French) ing appointments and taking payments. Practice manager or Gestionnaire/directeur In other countries, however, you are Vétérinaire associé or Associé business partner de la clinique still likely to encounter some practices ASV (Auxiliaire that are managed by one or two veterinary Veterinary technician Technicien vétérinaire surgeons who are responsible not only for Spécialisé Vétérinaire) all medical and surgical acts but also for Table 2: Veterinary practice terms. business and supplies management, and a nurse who is a veterinary nurse and a Correct receptionist. Correct translation Correct translation translation Not knowing the specifi c structure Source text (in British English) (in British English) (in British and kinds of veterinary practices that are (European French) — academic — daily veterinary English) — regulated by a national code of profes- practice pet owner sional conduct and exist in each country Dermatite Acute moist dermatitis Pyotraumatic dermatitis hotspot may lead to inaccurate and non-idiomatic pyotraumatique or hotspot translations. Table 2 shows examples of correct Gale sarcoptique Sarcoptic mange Sarcoptic mange Fox mange translations and potential mistranslations Table 3: Differences in register. due to the lack of knowledge of the local veterinary practice structure. Table 3 illustrates differences in reg- terms and procedures cross over with The register required to address ister according to the nature of the text human medicine, the veterinary fi eld is a the target audience is also specialized translated. The terminology required to specialized subject area in its own right, and specifi c. The risk here is not to be deliver accurate and idiomatic translation with its specialist terminology, slang, aware of the differences in register used is also specialized and specifi c, as we will abbreviations and, of course, diseases in the academic veterinary fi eld (articles, show later on. and treatments. The veterinary world is a textbooks or inter-veterinarian commu- complex, varied and specialized one, and nication); daily practice (such as when Couldn’t you simply extrapolate it is not suffi cient to extrapolate human translating veterinarian notes); and when from human medicine? terminology to the veterinary fi eld. dealing with owners. Spend a day in a veterinary clinic or Many diseases, treatments, manage- This may result in translation prob- have a read through a few veterinary ment systems and surgical procedures lems because the language used may textbooks or journals, and the particular simply do not exist in human medicine or not be idiomatic and not adapted to the language used in the veterinary fi eld are not applicable, for example, neuter- target audience. will immediately stand out. While many ing, genetic breeding, routine ectoparasite treatment, farming housing system (all-in all-out) and cycles (such as weaning, far- rowing, fattening and fi nishing). Some do not exist due to differences in anatomy, such as anal sacculitis (anal sac infection in cats and dogs), or diseases relat-

™ ing to the very specifi c digestive system of Measurably BETTER ruminants such as displaced abomasum in cows. Also in this category would be the language management. anatomical terms used to locate points on or in relation to the body, which are dif- More than just a goal, accuracy ferent in humans, such as cranial, caudal, is a necessity for your medical rostral, palmar and plantar to describe “forward,” “back” and so on. translations. We translate into over Conditions are often species-specifi c: 42 different languages. And we can gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs; prove we do it with accuracy. Find feline lower urinary tract disease in cats; out more at OmniLingua.com and species-specifi c infectious agents (Law- or call +1.319.365.8565. sonia intracellularis in pigs, PRRS-Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and so on). Equipment used is different or not applicable to humans: Elizabethan collars (or collerettes in French) to prevent self- trauma or interference with wounds; or

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Professional Medical Your Scandinavian Translations Polish Translations by Net-Translators provides complete translation and Biomedical Engineers Language Partner localization solutions into more than 60 languages and Dtech Translation has an experienced team of specializes in: Ryszard Jarza Translations is an established translators specializing in life sciences. We follow strict • Medical translation provider of Polish translation services for the medical proofing guidelines ensuring accuracy and consistency • Software localization technology sector. We translate documentation for in cooperation with our clients. Long-time players in • Technical translation cardiac devices, monitoring devices and imaging a knowledge-intensive industry, we constantly keep • Website translation systems, as well as IFUs and manuals for IVD track of terminology development in the field of life Due to the mission-critical nature of the medical reagents, devices and systems. industry, Net-Translators employs a consistent and formal sciences. In cooperation with the Danish Knowledge Our in-house team, consisting of 12 specialists, Communication Lab, we create and develop a localization process with standardized quality procedures including validation and consistency checks. Our medical includes four biomedical engineers with industry web-based medical science dictionary — validated experience. They work closely with our wide network by industry professionals. translators are industry-specific and have amassed a wealth of experience in this particular market. Net-Translators is a of scientific, industry and medical experts. certified ISO 9001:2000 localization vendor. Dtech Translation Net-Translators Ltd. Ryszard Jarza Translations Brendstrupgårdsvej 7 13 Hamifal Street, P.O. Box 1052 ul. Barlickiego 23/22 8200 Århus N, Denmark Or Yehuda 60500 Israel 50-324 Wroclaw, Poland 45-86-78-20-00 • Fax: 45-86-78-21-23 972-3-533-8633 • Fax: 972-3-533-6956 48-601-728018 • Fax: 48-71-3414441 [email protected] • www.dtech.dk [email protected] • www.net-translators.com [email protected] • www.jarza.com.pl

spay hook, a specifi c surgical instrument to and more likely to produce terminological Q dental = dental scale, polish and aid ovariohysterectomy in dogs and cats. or register mistakes, compared to translat- treatment under general anesthesia or Some conditions occur in both animals ing for the human fi eld. détartrage in French and humans, but the terminology used is Q downer cow = a cow that cannot get different. The term miscarriage is used in How would you define on its feet for various possible reasons the human fi eld when abortion is mainly veterinary-specific terminology? such as postparturient hypocalcaemia or used in the veterinary fi eld; the term can- Veterinary-specifi c terminology can fi èvre de lait in French cer in the human fi eld is rarely used in be divided into three main categories: Q crush cage = a cage with an inner the veterinary fi eld and neoplasia, tumor practical terms used daily in veterinary partition that can be moved in order to or mass (benign/malignant) are preferred. practice; veterinary abbreviations; and gently position aggressive cats against The term hepatic lipidosis is translated technical/scientifi c terms. the edge of the cage for sedative drugs to into French as stéatose hepatique for Let’s develop each of the three catego- be administered intramuscularly or cage human medicine texts but is translated as ries with examples. de contention in French lipidose hépatique for veterinary texts. Practical terms used daily in veteri- Q premix = premix for medicated Moreover, resources available to research nary practice (UK). feeding stuff (large animals) prémélange topics are more limited than in the human Q spay used as a verb as in to spay = médicamenteux in French fi eld and can be less reliable. References to neuter a female cat or dog, translated in Veterinary abbreviations. These can be tend to be either very superfi cial, aimed French as stériliser or castrer depending split into two sub-categories: “approved” at laypeople (in which case they are on context and target audience scientifi c abbreviations and the abbrevia- often unreliable), or specialized, aimed at Q spay used as a noun as in We have tions used routinely in practice. veterinary professionals. There are fewer two spays booked in today, translated as “Approved” scientifi c abbreviations: “intermediate level” resources available nous avons 2 castrations aujourd’hui or Q FLUTD for Feline Lower Urinary compared to the human medical fi eld nous avons 2 opérations de convenance Tract Disease in English = ABAUF or where a large number of sound, reliable, aujourd’hui according to the nature of the MBAUF in French for Affections or Mala- informative and understandable websites text translated dies du Bas Appareil Urinaire Félin and other resources are available. So, Q blocked cat = cat with a urethral Q GDV for Gastric Dilatation and researching a topic and terminology from obstruction or obstruction uréthrale in Volvulus = DTE in French for Dilatation scratch is harder, more time-consuming French Torsion de l’Estomac

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44-48 F Ercole.indd 47 10/30/07 4:31:38 PM Industry Focus

Q FAD for Flea Allergy Dermatitis = Mistranslation DAPP in French for Dermatite Allergique Source term or inaccurate translation Correct translation par Piqûre de Puces diet Nourriture Aliment Q UAP for Ununited Anconeal Process = NUPA in French for Non-Union du Pro- IVF for IV fl uids Fertilisation in-vitro Fluidothérapie cessus Anconé drying off (for cows and sheep) Fin de lactation or sécheresse Tarissement Abbreviations used routinely in prac- tice include terms such as: a dental Intervention dentaire Détartrage Q STO for Spoke To Owner, not abbre- cat fl u Grippe féline Coryza du chat viated in French Table 4: English-to-French mistranslations. Q PTS for Put To Sleep (with geo- graphical variations such as E&D in Disease names may not always be from English into European French that are Australia for euthanasia and disposal) = straightforward to translate. The French routinely encountered. eutha in French affi nity for eponyms makes this particu- Q FB for Foreign Body = CE in French larly true for French-English or English- But is this veterinary translation for corps etranger French translations. Maladie de Carré in business really worth it? Q BIOP for Been in Owner’s Posses- French is distemper. As you can imagine, This question is usually meant as “Is sion (followed by “for x days/weeks”), not researching this kind of terminology can it fi nancially rewarding?” abbreviated in French be lengthy and potentially misleading. Looking at the fi gures published by the Q UGA for Under General Anesthesia, Breeds can cause similar problems. International Federation for Animal Health usually not abbreviated in French Chat Européen in French is not a Euro- (IFAH, www.ifah.com) in 2006, the overall Technical/scientifi c terms. pean cat but a Domestic Shorthair. value of the international animal health Q Dermocorticoïde in French is not Obviously, most people should be able to market is US$16.065 billion and growing at dermacorticoid in English but topical fi nd defi nitions for some of these examples, an annual rate of 7.7% (nominal growth). corticosteroid preparation. particularly the scientifi c terms and routine The IFAH is the organization representing Q Intoxication in French is not abbreviations for these syndromes. How- manufacturers of veterinary medicines, intoxication in English but poisoning (for ever, slang or daily jargon used in practice vaccines and other animal health products example, rodenticide poisoning). is often diffi cult to research, and without in both developed and developing countries Q Général and its derivatives in French access to veterinary professionals practic- across fi ve continents. (par voie générale, antibiothérapie générale) ing in the source and target languages, it On the pet-food side, fi gures published are not general in English but systemic. may be diffi cult to translate these terms by the European Pet Food Industry Feder- Q Consolidated lung lobe in English and abbreviations accurately. You will fi nd ation (www.fediaf.org) tell that the pet food is not consolidation but condensation in Table 4 a few examples of other potential market is worth €8,500 million (around pulmonaire in French mistranslations or inaccurate translations US$12 billion) in Europe and has grown at a rate of 3% over the last three years. While this sector is not as vast as the human health-care market as a whole, when one considers how much of a company’s turnover goes towards communication and what percentage of that budget is used for translation purposes, the fi eld of veterinary translation does stand out as a sizable market. To conclude, what can we say about veterinary translation? Yes, it is a spec- ialized fi eld; no, you cannot always extrapolate from human medicine; yes, there is a specifi c and specialized vet- erinary terminology. And yes, this is worth it! Financial considerations aside, talking from personal experience, not only is specializing in veterinary trans- lation a fantastic way to differentiate your services, but this fi eld also offers any translator with an affi nity for veterinary texts and experience in this area — and localization z translation z interpreting z consulting veterinary surgeons with good language and writing skills — an exciting and 139 Plapouta Ave., GR 141 21 N. Iraklio, Athens, Greece stimulating opportunity to combine lin- T: +30 210 8056930 2 F: +30 210 8056935 e mail: [email protected] guistic and veterinary expertise. M

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44-48 F Ercole.indd 48 10/30/07 4:31:38 PM 49 Industry Focus || 10/30/07 4:33:31 PM MultiLingual Marta Dalmau Gonzales holds a university degree in translation and interpreting, manages company (NIGtranslations) and her own teaches computer-assisted translation tools to university students. medical devices, nd ourselves translating information on Clients from the medical industry may ask us to translate Clients from the medical industry may even extend to The translation needs of the medical industry Software localization also has a place in medical industry clinical trial documentation, product monographs, patient infor- clinical trial documentation, product monographs, charts, among many, mation and history records, and medical many others. terminology at all, legal documents with little or no medical or agreements — those such as medical and insurance claims to carry out a signed by researchers and medical institutions agreements between clinical research study or non-disclosure providers, for instance. pharmaceutical companies and their across legal terminology in living wills or the also come We to sign. Other examples informed consents that patients have and user guides, are hardware and software documentation not to mention prod- which include legal terms and conditions, uct licensing and patents. topics. For example, we technical translations on a variety of could fi while dealing with hardware manuals and user guides that, technical content. This medical procedures, also have a high type of material can give very complex instructions to opera- tors on the technical aspects of medical procedures. Technical translations can include guides for patients on how to use a device, in which case the language needs to be straightforward, Other with clear and concise instructions adapted to the reader. instruction manuals may be addressed to technicians dealing with the maintenance of devices. translations. Here, it involves the translation of user interfaces for medical software and related documentation. Since most medical devices are computer-based and hence software- based, the software sometimes needs to be localized so that ni- ets, clinical reports, eld), but also because c translations that deal with refers to the translation of a elds and disciplines. , the industry also produces non-medical , the industry also produces non-medical Translation needs needs Translation medical industry of the Gonzales Marta Dalmau

per se medical translation

According to the Merriam-Webster Online to the Merriam-Webster According It is fair to say that the medical industry is one of the big- The diversity of translation needs The translation needs of the medical industry vary according In the category of medical translations, we could include phar- The term Dictionary, medicine is “the science and art Dictionary, health and the dealing with the maintenance of of disease.” This prevention, alleviation, or cure defi is quite a concise and self-explanatory tion that barely even hints at the mass of human tion that barely even hints at the that covers knowledge behind this vast topic many different fi

les for regulatory bodies, drug registration dossiers, research A www.multilingual.com December 2007 translations with varying degrees of medical terminology and translations with varying degrees of medical translations with no medical content whatsoever. gest generators of multidisciplinary documentation, not only because the science of medicine itself has many disciplines (in which case we move within the medical fi it acts as an umbrella for very different types of topics, audi- ences and purposes. medical topic that is, according to the same dictionary, “of, same dictionary, medical topic that is, according to the or the practice of relating to, or concerned with physicians be used to refer to just medicine.” The term cannot, however, the medical industry. any kind of translation produced for industry are medi- Although most translations for the medical cal translations to the type of text and can include, in very general and non- exhaustive terms, the translation of medical, legal or technical materials, software localization, website translation, marketing content, editorial translations, training material translations and, of course, general translations, if there is such a thing. maceutical translations and scientifi medical topics. This group encompasses clinical trial protocols, fi reports, summaries of product characteristics, expert reports, informed consents, patient information leafl 49-51 F Dalmau.indd 49 Industry Focus

the user/operator can carry out the necessary procedures in These examples show his or her language. how to express the Website translation/localization is of vital importance in same information in any sector, and this is equally true of the medical industry. The different registers. translation of a website can touch on a variety of areas, includ- At left is from “A guide ing medical/pharmaceutical/legal content as well as corporate ID, to self-help during marketing material, legal aspects and more. Nowadays, any cor- cancer treatments,” poration wishing to expand its market reach has to consolidate its from the National presence on the World Wide Web with a multilingual site covering Cancer Institute. the needs of every market it wishes to tap into. This is particularly Below is an example from a clinical trial protocol (www.clinicaltrials.gov). important in the pharmaceutical industry because regulations and drug nomenclature can vary from country to country. Marketing materials are another crucial translation fi eld for the medical industry and include corporate ID documentation, presentations of new products, equipment or drugs, brochures, product descriptions and product specifi cation sheets, catalogs, multimedia material and so on. Translators of marketing con- tent must have solid medical and technical backgrounds as well as the sensitivity to be able to sell the image or article as it was sold in the original language/market. Other marketing materials include packaging, labeling and inserts. We often fi nd medical clients coming to us with the need to translate training materials, which also have a high marketing content. Doctors receive continuous training and attend confer- ences on a regular basis. Operators have to attend training ses- sions on how to use different devices. Health-care professionals are given training on new techniques and devices, and com- the register and tone to the end reader. While a scientifi c article pany sales forces need to be informed about new pharmaceuti- on AIDS written for a medical or scientifi c journal will include cal products to reach their targets, to cite just a few examples. specialized terminology, a brochure or leafl et to be distributed in Training materials tend to contain specialized terminology, but, a medical center should be informative, contain plain language at the same time, they need to be clear, informative and easy and be written in a concise and educational way. This is also true to follow. They need to be adapted to different media too, since of summaries of product characteristics and user manuals. training resources can come in a wide range of formats. When we are translating for the general public or patients, Editorial material includes scientifi c articles to be published the language has to be straightforward and use less-technical in specialized literature or journals, along with press releases terms to ensure that all instructions and procedures are clearly and medical news. understood. For instance, some texts such as informed consents Last, general translations, if there is such a thing, are found or patient questionnaires will require us to use broken bone everywhere. This category includes letters, internal communica- instead of fracture. And while summaries of product character- tion, e-mails and so forth, but even these general translations istics (SPCs) provide information to health-care professionals on can contain specialized terminology. how to use a product safely and effectively, patient information leafl ets need to be consistent with SPCs but written in a way that From us to them: translators and the target audience will be readily understood by non-professionals. All these types of translation come in different formats and This sometimes-overlapping classifi cation clearly illustrates require different end formats too, so translators and translation the point that “medical translators” must be able to cover a broad service providers (TSPs) can be faced with anything from hand- range of needs. Translation companies specializing in “medical written material (with the added diffi culty of having to decipher translation” must have a team of professionals ranging from doc- handwriting), hard-copy materials and Adobe .pdf fi les (which tors with a linguistic background to translators with a medical involve extra work if they are to be processed with a com- background and a combination of technical, localization, legal, puter-assisted translation tool) to Word fi les and PowerPoint marketing and other skills. This can be a controversial issue and presentations, or even DTP fi les and multimedia fi les, which are not something I will go into in this article. Suffi ce it to say that the used mainly for training purposes, to mention but a few of the diversity of medical industry needs means that translation teams most common formats. Some translations will be required for have to be as multidisciplinary as the original texts themselves, information purposes only, while others will be for publication be they made up of doctors, linguists or both. It is an undisputed or public show. Hence, we need to take into account the diverse fact that the translation industry is increasingly demanding pro- target audiences of medical-industry translations. fessionals with proven expertise in a particular fi eld. Not all of the people who read these types of translation will The recently approved European quality standard (EN have a medical or technical background. The target audience can 15038:2006) sets out the professional skills required of transla- range from scientists, doctors and other health-care profession- tors — translating competence, linguistic and textual competence als to technicians, operators, end users, patients and the general in the source and target language, research competence, infor- public with varying levels of studies. We, therefore, have to adapt mation acquisition and processing, cultural competence and,

50 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

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last but not least, technical competence. Yet, strange as it may seem, my day- all types of translations rather than those As a result, no certifi ed company will to-day experience has shown that the inherent to the subject matter. be able to employ anyone who has not most common mistakes made in medical What should be clear from all of this acquired these competences as a transla- translations are general slip-ups, rather is that we cannot put all translations tor or reviser through one of the three than errors in translating the medical for the medical industry into the same options indicated in the standard. This discipline itself (that is, terminology bag under the heading of “medical means that non-professional translators errors). This suggests that most problems translations” and that the translation will have fewer chances of survival in a posed by medical translations to transla- needs of this industry are colorful and professional market. tors are the general diffi culties found in diverse. M Additional translation needs of the medical industry Going back to our main subject, transla- tions for the medical industry require pre- cision and accuracy in heavy doses. Any A Card Up One’s Sleeve translation concerning human health must - - take into account all legal aspects and con- a kärd ƢpwƢns slev straints affecting responsibility, personal data protection and confi dentiality. The new European standard has an [an idiom] To have an advantage entire section on the relationship between that others don’t know about. the client and the TSP. The contractual framework must be established before any translation assignment is taken on. So, before providing any sort of service, the TSP must have signed an agreement Visit tmmarketplace.com with the client, which can cover impor- to find out how our tant issues such as copyright, liability, confi dentiality, the settlement of disputes customized databases can and quality assurance. The standard also be the card up your sleeve. includes a paragraph on how project- related client information should be han- dled. These aspects, regardless of whether the TSP is certifi ed, are of utmost impor- tance when translating for the medical industry and should always be set down in an agreement. Moreover, all employees of the TSP and individuals involved in any way with such an assignment should have signed their own agreements with the TSP. From a linguistic point of view, we can come across various practical issues when translating for the medical indus- try that need to be addressed according to the type of text we are dealing with. Medical translations, for instance, tend to contain abbreviations and acronyms, so the translator needs to know what these are, whether they need to be adapted or translated, and where he or she can fi nd references to them. Another example is units and measurements that crop up time and again in these texts. In pharmaceuti- THE TRANSLATION cal translations, the names of drugs (active MEMORY BROKERS principles and trademarks) also pose a challenge. Other complex areas of scien- www.tmmarketplace.com • [email protected] tifi c translations can be the nomenclature of anatomy, microorganisms and species 541-271-0536 • 888-533-7886 of vegetation.

www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual | 51

49-51 F Dalmau.indd 51 10/30/07 4:33:34 PM Technical experts help in medical translations Angela Starkmann-Lehr Industry Focus

Individuals can’t know everything at once. or medical translator will know everything. He or she will know That is what we have specialist areas for: they the basics and where to fi nd many other things in his or her allow one person to be really, really good in a TM and terminology list. But only constant contact with the fi eld while other colleagues and peers can reach customer and with the reference material in the target lan- I guage enables him or her to create a text that perfectly fi ts the same level of profi ciency in other areas. into this framework. Working together, we achieve the best results Those of us working in a highly technical, quality-oriented from our combined pool of expertise. When the business such as medical technology need to understand that it is virtually impossible to create a translation without the aid of communication is working and the areas of com- technical specialists. Even medical training cannot substitute petence are respected, a good team of experts for day-to-day work with a product or a technology over sev- working together well can normally beat just eral years. Only in the cooperation between the linguist and the about anybody working on his or her own. engineer working in the fi eld can a text be created that meets all the complex requirements. Linguistic work is lonely work — me, my computer, and my I worked for many years as a linguistic specialist — a hybrid dictionaries or me communicating with my translation memo- function of translator/editor/project manager for certain busi- ries (TMs), if I am lucky (otherwise, no matches to share). On the ness units and for the German language — at the Medtronic other hand, it should not surprise anybody to learn how much Technical Literature Group and later as project manager for buzz there is on translators’ forums and mailing lists of differ- medical translations for a vendor company. It would have been ent sorts. This is where translators get together and exchange impossible for me to do this work well without the assistance information, just as regular offi ce workers have their coffee of highly skilled and motivated professionals — called “proof- machine where they meet up with colleagues for a chat. readers” at Medtronic — who were responsible for some of the medical and technical aspects of the documents, aspects I could Even loners need to share not possibly grasp from my position. This meaningful coopera- Translators are lone fi ghters by defi nition. Most of the time, tion became a gold standard for any quality-minded translation they cannot rely on someone else to bring them the bits of process, not only in the medical fi eld. information they are missing. Fortunately, good translators Cooperation between the translator and the technical spe- are incredibly versatile and competent in many areas. They cialist is not always included in the planning of a translation are experts in languages, they are specialists with translation process. Time is important, and nobody has enough of it. This tools, and at the same time they also have a deep understand- is particularly a problem for those highly skilled individuals ing of technical and medical matters. Still, in an ideal working environment, it should be encouraged that even those solitary brains share knowledge with others, with the ultimate goal to Angela Starkmann-Lehr, a freelance translator, create the best document for a particular purpose. This docu- trainer and copywriter, has worked as a project ment also must be understood by the end-users of a text. manager and an in-house linguist in medical How often I have heard technically-oriented customers ask- translation. She is a member of the council of ing me why my hand-selected translator still needed technical TILP and involved in planning a certifi ed backup. It is an unfortunate misunderstanding that a technical localization professional training program.

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within a company, such as sales repre- about details such as style guides and ter- this was also the criticism of the techni- sentatives or marketing specialists, who minology for a business area. cal marketing specialist — would warn would be the best choice for editing the Let’s have a look at an example of a the patient that something bad and dan- work of medical-technical translations. typical case for discussion with a techni- gerous is going on. Therefore, this word It is often already too much to ask them cal expert. Imagine a medical product would have to be avoided in German. to do something such as editing a text or feature containing the word alert in The translation of choice turned out to that doesn’t bring any direct revenue. English, which would be translated as be Signalton, but this translation could, Apart from this, communication between Alarm in German. of course, only be used when referring both parties can be awkward and diffi - This simple translation could be to an audible “alert.” It was the technical cult at times. Linguists and engineers discussed for several different reasons. specialist’s task to fi nd out whether this have totally different defi nitions of what What exactly does this term mean to the alert indeed only was audible. A visible they want to achieve and why and how. patient, and does the German translation alert, for example, would have been also refl ect this exact meaning? translated as Signallämpchen. What does the linguist want? An alert basically is a message telling So, in this case the complex dis- In most translation departments and physicians or patients about some situa- cussion — of the exact meaning of a agencies, translators for medical transla- tion to take place. The word Alarm — and term, the emotions associated with it, tions are carefully selected and tested. Translators with formal medical training are preferred, but they are rare. Only a small handful of linguistic experts are available for most language combina- tions on the entire market. Even in the most ideal situation, when an experienced linguist (experienced in this particular medical fi eld) is matched with a particular medical customer, there are a couple of things this person cannot do without the help of someone “from the inside” of the company. He or she is missing the fi rst-line knowledge of the actual use in the market; the terminology used in the market; the marketing approach; and the context. Also within the range of the competition, how do we call something, and how does the competition call it? And should we call our project the same or just something different if there is a comparable product or feature as well? What does the linguist contribute? Customers sometimes fi rst attempt to do the translations themselves. They often decide that it is really more complicated than they originally thought — in particular, when the number of translation projects is getting too much or too complex and the translation/localization projects need to be organized professionally. This is when professional linguists become involved. Linguists contribute their in-depth pro- fessional knowledge of the translation process. They keep an eye on time, costs and quality measurements (which is not always the same as the “gut feeling” a non-linguistic editor may have concern- ing a text). They have the time and the linguistic possibilities to compare the source text with the target text, consider the re-use possibilities and trigger thought

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the context of a product or feature in good enough to do this translation by Conclusion which the term is used and the technical themselves. Because they are not trained In the combination of these two groups details of a product referred to by this and experienced linguists, their linguis- — linguists and technical experts — the term — could have never been grasped tic weaknesses might have a negative best possible result can be expected. It by anyone not very familiar with the impact on the translation. And they is important that they communicate and practical use of the product. In the ideal can’t, of course, be expected to under- work together as a team, respecting each translation environment, a decision such stand the mechanisms of the translation other’s predefi ned roles. as this one should be started during process: How does a translator “tick”? The linguist functions as the language the translation of the terminology list, expert and needs to look after the lin- together with the English source text. guistic rules, which might not as easily be comprehensible for someone not When do the technical Linguists and involved in the translation process — ter- experts get involved? engineers have minology, TM issues, consistency within Technical experts should become in- larger texts and so on. The linguist usu- volved as early as possible. They are the totally different ally has the overall responsibility for the ones who know the market and the com- defi nitions of what text until it is fi nally published. petition. They have medical training, and The technical expert contributes his it is their job to talk with the customers they want to achieve or her technical expertise and the knowl- and work with them. Many of them are edge of a specifi c fi eld. In the planning actually working as salespeople in their and why and how. of the translation process, the role of “daytime” jobs, and they know a product technical expert/editor/proofreader in and its features in all of its details. They particular is often left out. Because of are the ones who will probably use a What does this translator need to be told lack of time and resources, people tend translated document and should therefore before starting the translation work? to forget how important a specialist have an important infl uence on how a Which tools are available for translation from the fi eld is in the creation of a text document will look. and how are they used? Which knowl- that will satisfy all the reader’s expecta- The knowledge and expertise of edge can be expected from an experi- tions. This should not happen, particu- these people should never be underes- enced linguist who is not a technical larly in the quality-minded area of timated, but they have, of course, one expert? What is impossible to know medical translations. big disadvantage: they are not linguists. for any translator, however skilled and If all the participants remember what Normally, they are native speakers of the experienced he or she may be? Because they are good at and where they need target language of our translation. Most they are not approaching the issue of others to complete their competences, the of the time, they have learned English at translation from a linguistic point of result will be the best for everyone — the school. But, more often than not, their view, they might not fully understand translator, the technical expert and ulti- language skills in both the target and how the translation process goes and mately all the readers of the translated the source language would just not be what the limitations are. document. M

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54 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

52-54 F Starkmann-Lehr.indd 54 10/30/07 4:34:28 PM 55 Translation || cult 10/30/07 4:41:16 PM MultiLingual es actions to resolvees actions nal check phase. Constant or she becomes lazy in the fi feedback, both praise and constructive criticism, gives our translators what they need to deliver their best work possible.” ows. elds ciently conducted by using task evaluations and the Linguists are evaluated for every task they complete. EachLinguists are evaluated for every task Other companies have also found an evaluation system suc- Audits process and proce- Although audits are the best way to ensure This cost recovery goes beyond reprocessing costs but This cost recovery goes beyond reprocessing and often not feasible to audit the linguists. As a result, auditsand often not feasible to audit the linguists. can be suffi development of an annual review of processes. task must provide anlinguist who provides a “downstream” are rated from Unusableevaluation of the previous task. These an opportunity to address (4). This provides (1) to Excellent issues quickly before shipment to the client. The process allows a linguist’s work to be audited and identifi issues and move to a position of compliance with the company’s processes and procedures. cessful for their linguists. Simon Andriesen, managing director of realized long ago that even the best says, “We MediLingua b.v., sharp. A strong tool in reaching this translators need to be kept goal is editor feedback. Our translators are required to go through the editor’s comments change by change. By doing this, they the same error to make recognize weak spots and are less likely If a translator does not hear back from a cli- in the next delivery. sending assignments, it is understandable that he ent who keeps dure adherence, in the translation industry it can be very diffi dure adherence, in the translation industry providing poor quality found in their deliverables introducesproviding poor quality found in their accountability into the process fl handling, the extends to the costs related to quality department the administra- management of rework by the project manager, invoice handling. These tion of rework, new instructions and to fully recover costs charge-backs not only allow a company but also force quick improvement in the due to poor quality, quality work. eld is a quality coordinator for Based in Louisville, Colorado, Melissa Scofi Inc., and has ForeignExchange Translations, years’ experience in quality-related fi 10 both in and in translation. eld cantly cial relationships with linguists

Managing quality Managing in translation Melissa Scofi

As many companies have moved toward As many companies have moved Cost recovery working with linguists to Actively Measuring and tracking COPQ Measuring and tracking COPQ are vital. This information is The best quality practices that have proven to improve The best quality practices that have This provides information to adequately track actual COPQ

subcontracting much of their work over the subcontracting much of their leading business past decade or so, one of the resource quality practices that has emerged is and local- management (RQM). The translation many with ization industry is no exception, by contracted of the services being provided I found in the linguists and specialists. “What compa- is that most translation marketplace program,” says nies do not have a clear quality of OneDocu- Miguel Ángel Reyes Reira, owner service provider. ment, S.L., a Spanish language are not “In the cases where quality programs feedback from clearly implemented, I miss some the company.” A www.multilingual.com December 2007 reduce COPQ. Cost recovery procedures in which linguists are charged back for improve their quality can signifi used to build mutually benefi translation quality include measuring and tracking cost of auditing, maintaining qual- poor quality (COPQ), cost recovery, ity scorecards, a corrective and preventive action system, and actively engaging linguists. and to foster continuous quality improvements. The quality of projects is reviewed on a task-by-task basis to identify (1) rework and processing costs due to poor quality and (2) recall expenses due to poor quality of projects shipped to clients. related to the translation process. 55-56 F Scofield.indd 55 Translation

Another audit system is the use of business providing clients with the best By using this tracking system, whether a Request for Information/Quality “Self” prices available. manual or a software tool, it is important Audit. This quality questionnaire, which Other companies have also found to ensure that information fl ows to the is sent on a yearly basis, allows linguists that supplier scorecards are important to correct individuals without losing track to outline their quality procedures to their quality process. For instance, Hervé of the problem. A tracking system should ensure their processes are still in align- Rodriguez, president of Excel Transla- ensure that processes are auditable from ment with the quality system. tions, points out, “Managing the quality start to fi nish — a critical requirement in of vendors and suppliers presents multi- support of 21 CFR Part 11 in FDA-regu- Scorecard ple challenges. How do you measure and lated industries. The CAPA tracking system To collect and organize supplier qual- track the quality project after project? should also allow for trending root causes, ity records, the use of a scorecard is very Many translation companies will have a which permits the system to be used as a effi cient. The scorecard is primarily based one-time test to get suppliers approved key tool for continuous improvement. on the quality information already col- but then what? What happens once the lected for each linguist, including the supplier is approved? It is important to Engaging linguists evaluations. Many tools can be utilized to measure and track the quality not merely It is essential to engage the outsourced help with the collection of this informa- with an initial test but through the imple- linguists in all aspects of the quality tion, from manual collection to many off- mentation of a robust system with checks management system to promote mutually the-shelf software tools. The tools allow and balances and measurable feedback.” benefi cial relationships and partnerships. companies to collect an accurate score This can be accomplished with evalua- and rank for their linguists based on: Corrective and preventive action tions, training modules and partnership Q number of corrective actions A corrective and preventive action newsletters. Q number of rework hours (CAPA) system is crucial to a qual- Evaluations are not only used as a Q number of errors per words com- ity program. This process allows an quality management tool for auditing, but pleted auditable trail of quality problems and the evaluations are also used as an avenue Q percent of actual COPQ recovered tracks any actions that must take place to provide feedback when quality is Q number of client complaints to correct the issue and prevent it from exceptional. This information can also be Q performance to delivery happening again. It is important that as used to identify “Linguist of the Quarter” Using a scorecard, an agency is able to soon as a quality problem is classifi ed to honor those who have provided excep- provide their linguists with their relative (whether internal or reported by a cli- tional quality. The belief is with positive performance with other linguists provid- ent), the issue is immediately tracked. reinforcement linguists will continue to ing the same services. This also allows Investigation should start immediately exceed expectations and will provide cli- the linguists to track their improvement to accurately identify the root cause of ents with the best quality available. over time and helps a company’s supplier the problem and initiate the appropriate Providing training modules on new management team to negotiate future tasks to resolve the issue. tools allows the linguists to quickly gain the knowledge of the tool to identify quality issues before the projects ship to the clients. Finally, a partnership newsletter allows SYSTRAN Premium a company to engage its linguists with the quality management system. Information Translator 6 concerning changes to the quality man- agement system and the specifi cations %FTJHOFE GPS 5PEBZµT and to the tools or procedures and how to support those changes is included in 1SPGFTTJPOBM 5SBOTMBUPS the newsletter for quick and consistent communication. Streamline the translation workflow and NEW V6 Through the use of these practices, com- automate the human translation process panies are able to provide clients with con- to minimize costs. sistent high quality. By trending issues and 50+ language pairs review of the scorecards, processes can be Optimize translations. Desktop and server solutions continually improved when quality issues Increase productivity. are identifi ed. New and intuitive Translation Toolbar is Cost-effective. always available on the desktop New Dictionary Lookup provides instant Visit us online at Conclusion www.systransoft.com access to SYSTRAN, Larousse and Many companies struggle with the qual- Chambers dictionaries ity of outsourced resources. A robust RQM Enhanced customization tools to manage program promotes lasting relationships dictionaries, TMs, post-editing, and QA with linguists to support clients with qual- ity translations that they can count on with every project. M

56 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

55-56 F Scofield.indd 56 10/30/07 4:41:16 PM 57 Languages || 10/30/07 4:42:48 PM Figure 1: Distribution of Indian languages MultiLingual by native speakers. This may happen sooner available in various local languages. than expected. Computers, mobile phones and connectivity are fast spreading to every nook and corner of India. This is expected Rakesh Kumar is director of operations at Braahmam Net Solutions Pvt. Ltd. at the Computing Centre for Development of Advanced in Noida, India. He has experience as a trainer, consultant and developer of training tools, teacher as well as management. to result in a rapid growth in the demand for multilingual con- tent, localization tools and technologies as well as translation and localization services. Keeping in view the various initiatives in progress in government and the public and private sectors, one could infer that India is poised to become a major supplier ts of information technology Localization — Localization perspective an Indian Rakesh Kumar

ected in the demand cial Indian languagescial Indian

cial language. The popula- The list of languages spoken among dif- The list of languages spoken Efforts and initiatives taken by Technology Development for by Technology Efforts and initiatives taken One bottleneck in the widespread use of computers in India for content in local languages as is evident from the persistent growth in circulation of newspapers and magazines published in Indian languages. and English as the twenty-third offi tion of India is more than one billion, and the country’s economy has grown at a consistent annual economic growth rate in the range of over the last few 7% to 10% years. This economic growth is also refl ferent groups of people in India is quiteferent groups of people in India long. Out of these, the Indian con- stitution recognizes 22 languages as offi www.multilingual.com December 2007

Indian Languages (TDIL) and the Centre for Development of to enable computing and local- Computing (CDAC) Advance ization of software as well as e-content into Indian languages are commendable. Much, of course, remains to be achieved. A number of global corporate giants such as Microsoft, Google, localizing their interest in are taking a keen Nokia and Yahoo! IT products and content into local Indian languages for com- puting and for the web. currently is the poor availability of software as well as content in local Indian languages. The benefi will percolate to every Indian only when a computing interface is T 57-63 Kumar LW1026.indd 57 Languages

of localized content for the rest of the world in the near future. Language diversity of India India has one of the largest pools of English-speaking population in the world, yet less than 5% of the Indian population is estimated to speak English, and more than 95% speak various Indian languages. According to the information Figure 2: portal India Rising, India has a diverse Distribution list of spoken languages among different of European groups of people. At least 800 different languages by languages and around 2,000 dialects have native speakers. been identifi ed. Offi cial languages include Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kan- nada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Many Indian lan- Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Pun- guages have their roots jabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and in Sanskrit, which is no lon- Urdu. Each of these has different dialects ger spoken by people in India. or variations. English is the twenty-third It is considered a most precise offi cial language. language and, therefore, most suitable different when compared to English. Some Based on the data available in Ethno- language for computer software. of the oldest Indic languages date back to logue, Figure 1 shows the distribution of Sharon Vandana states in “Globalization 800 BCE. The syllables in English are pro- Indian languages by native speakers. Basics” that Indian languages are entirely nounced in a strict left-to-right sequence of consonants and vowels, whereas in Indic scripts the visual pronunciation indicators in a syllable do not always occur from left to right. This behavior creates specifi c problems in the creation of computing solutions for these languages. Another dif- fi culty is the lack of a standard defi nition for the behavior of Indic languages. Good Partners It may be interesting to know a few more facts about Indian languages. Achieve. Q Punjabi is written in two scripts — Gurmukhi (left to right) and Shahmukhi (right to left). Q Punjabi is spoken by more people in Pakistan (60 million) than in India (40 million). Q In Pakistan, Punjabi is spoken by more people than Urdu, yet it has no offi cial status there. Q Bangla (Bengali) is the offi cial lan- guage of Bangladesh and is nearly identi- cal to the offi cial language of India’s West Bengal. Q The English-speaking Indian popu- lation is happy to use vernacular at home and English at the workplace. Q A local daily newspaper, Malayala Manorama, is a completely regional phe- nomenon in the remote South Indian state of Kerala, sometimes referred to w as “God’s own country” in glossy travel brochures. But its statistics are stagger- ing enough for any advertiser to sit up L N P and take notice. It has a daily circulation of 15 million copies.

58 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

57-63 Kumar LW1026.indd 58 10/30/07 4:42:50 PM Languages

The Three-Language Formula The multiplicity of languages in India also has emotional and political overtones. Love for the mother tongue or regional languages at times can come into confl ict with love for the national language. In her article “Fixing the Language, Fixing the Nation,” Nandita Ghosh refers to serious differ- ences among the population that erupted in certain regions of India during the 1980s. At one point, a signifi cant part of the Indian population living in the north was of the opinion that the national language comes fi rst, whereas a majority of the population living in southern regions was convinced that the local language comes fi rst. So serious became their differ- ences that Indian national unity appeared to be threatened. The situation was saved by a three-language formula. As a result, most of the literate and educated Indian population has been exposed in schools to Hindi as the national language, a regional language other than Hindi as mother tongue, and a third optional language such as English as part of their win- dow to the world. Figure 3: Indian languages vs. European languages. According to India Rising, the Constitution of India has stipulated the usage of Hindi and English to be the two languages of communication for the federal central gov- ernment. The state governments, however, use their own languages along with English for communication with the central government. For example, the central government sends its information in Hindi and English to the state of Assam, and this state communicates back in Assamese and English. Similarly, information from the center to Tamilnadu is in English and Hindi, and this state communicates back in Tamil and English. Comparison with Europe When one reviews the list of top 100 languages by popula- tion in the world, one may observe that after Chinese, Spanish and English, the two most spoken languages are Bengali and Hindi. Together these two languages have more users in the Figure 4: % GDP growth in India.

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57-63 Kumar LW1026.indd 59 10/30/07 4:42:51 PM Languages

world than English. In the same list one to capture a share of this growing market. has increased many-fold in the last may observe that more than 15 offi cial The gross domestic product (GDP) has fi ve years. Indian languages fi nd a place in the top crossed $1 trillion, and by purchasing In 2002 some Indian state govern- 40, whereas only ten European languages power parity one could claim it to be $4 ments deployed citizen-services portals are on that list. India is, therefore, even trillion. in local languages like government-to- more diverse than Europe as far as variety India is gradually but steadily open- citizen portals. This trend has continued, of languages and cultures is concerned. ing up sectors for foreign direct invest- and almost all the state governments Figure 2 shows the distribution of Euro- ment (FDI), which nearly tripled in the have a bouquet of services now available pean languages by native speakers, based last fi scal year as more overseas inves- on the internet in regional languages. on data available in Ethnologue. tors fl ocked to the country. As per the Being aware of the ever-growing digi- A comparison of Indian languages International Herald Tribune, FDI into tal divide between the English-speaking with European languages sorted by the India rose in the last fi scal year to about and non-English-speaking populations, number of native speakers in India and $16 billion from just $5.5 billion a year the government of India has taken some Europe is given in Figure 3. One can see before. The numbers do not include the concrete steps to correct it. According to that most Indian languages have greater billions of dollars that have been coming Wissink, since 1991 under the Ministry of numbers of native speakers than their into the stock and bond markets. Communication and Information Technol- corresponding counterparts in decreasing ogy, TDIL has been working to develop IT number of native speakers from Europe. Key initiatives tools in local languages of India. TDIL has With hardware, software and broad- It is reported by Cathy Wissink of sponsored research in developing Indian band connectivity costs continuously on Microsoft that in 2002, only 12 to 20 language computing resources, process- the decline all over the world, the demand vendors were in India’s local-language ing systems, tools and translation support for converting content in English into IT market. Most of the domestic players systems and localization of software for regional Indian languages is certainly were regional and had limited access Indian languages. The other key initiatives going to grow in the future to match to the market. They offered off-the- have come in from the development of the demand that exists today in Europe shelf products as well as custom-made human-machine interface systems and the for conversion of content available in applications in all the major Indian lan- development of web-centric applications. English into various European languages guages. The other set of key players in Some of the notable milestones have such as German, French, Spanish and so the local language IT market consisted also come through CDAC, a collaborative on — and vice versa. of international players, but they were partner of TDIL in the form of graphics yet to take off in a big way in terms and intelligence-based script (GIST) that India — a booming economy of their offerings across different lan- has brought diverse users to employ India’s economy also boasts an ever- guages. IBM once had a Hindi version local-language IT tools. Applications growing middle class, attracting entre- of Lotus Notes in India. Since then, the have ranged from desktop publishing to preneurs from all over the world trying participation of international vendors subtitles in television broadcast in vari- ous Indian languages. GIST is associated with the develop- ment of standards for Indian language applications in IT. The strength of the GIST Group has been to develop the backbone for Indian language technol- ogy and thereby deliver some of the most renowned Indian language prod- ucts such as Indian ASIC Chip, Language Independent Program Subtitles, spell checkers, thesauri, OCX controls, and application development libraries to implement Indian languages. A Local Language Word Processor, LEAP, has brought desktop publishing to a large segment of the population in a language they can communicate in naturally. Though the efforts and initiatives taken by TDIL and CDAC are commend- able, much remains to be done in the future as far as the development and application of localization tools for Indian languages is concerned. Some of the IT giants such as Micro- soft and Google have already taken big initiatives and made substantial

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investments to ensure that their latest versions of operating systems as well as other packages are available in Indian languages as soon as possible. This will ensure that they continue to domi- nate and maintain market share as the non-English-speaking Indian population AlignFactory moves forward to play a dominant role Localization Is in the development and growth of the modern Indian economy. Complement your existing TM and More Than Translation . . . Similar initiatives have been taken by full-text search software with this powerful Global challenges require flexible and professional mobile hardware suppliers such as Nokia alignment tool. service providers. Take advantage of our experience and Motorola and service providers such Start aligning with speed and accuracy and know-how and make your product a worldwide as Airtel, so as to maintain and grow their and increase the performance of your success! SAM Engineering was established in 1994 market share in the Indian market. As we and provides localization services to IT organizations all know, the mobile phone is going to be existing tools. as well as translation and engineering services to a single device that is going to be used vertical industries through its network of translation as a computer, television, phone, radio • AlignFactory partners, specializing in the translation of Business and so on. • AlignFactoryLight Applications and Technical Documentation. SAM Nokia learned quickly from the debacle Engineering GmbH is located in Muehltal, near of certain multinational corporations’ entry • AlignRobot Frankfurt, Germany. For more information, see into India due to their one-size-fi ts-all www.sam-engineering.de approach. It started connecting with the people with the release of “Saare Jahan se Accha,” a patriotic anthem, in the form Terminotix Inc. SAM Engineering GmbH of a ring tone in 1999. Further on, real- 240 Bank Street, Suite 600 Kirchstrasse 1, D-64367 Muehltal, Germany izing the necessity of localization among Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2P 1X4 49-6151-9121-0 • Fax: 49-6151-9121-18 various states, Nokia released India-spe- 613-233-8465 • Fax: 613-233-3995 [email protected] cifi c handsets supporting Indic languages. [email protected] • www.terminotix.com www.sam-engineering.de Consequently, Nokia, with a market share of 68%, now leads the multibillion Indian cell-phone market. The market is growing at an astounding rate of six million handsets per month. From 150 million at present, the mobile customer base is expected to rise to 500 million in four to fi ve years. Leading service providers on the web for surfi ng, such as Google and Yahoo!, One-stop QA Center for have already taken steps to localize their Medical Translations software and provide interfaces in some Localized Software MediLingua is one of Europe’s few companies of the major Indian languages. At the specializing in medical translation. We provide all same time, some of the leading language MULTILINGUAL QA Ltd., an exclusive quality European languages (31 today and counting) and service providers (LSPs) such as Lion- assurance center, specializes in testing localized Japanese as well as the usual translation-related bridge have established offi ces in India software in over 30 languages by native speakers. Our services. Our 100-plus translators have a combined so as to address the localization needs of linguistic, functional and cosmetic testing is executed medical and language background. global as well as Indian players. in a controlled environment, utilizing shared resources Others are contemplating the same and state-of-the-art labs all under one roof. We work for manufacturers of medical devices, course of action. Much of the localiza- Our ability to provide our customers with the instruments, in-vitro diagnostics and software; tion business is being generated in India required testing environments, professional native pharmaceutical companies; medical publishers; from sectors such as hospitality, travel, in-house linguists and technical support personnel national and international medical organizations; tourism, education, radio, fi lms, televi- offers the ultimate solution to international software and medical journals. sion and so on. These sectors of the publishers and localization companies. Call or e-mail Simon Andriesen or visit our website Indian economy have a massive scope Please visit www.multilingualqa.com for more for more information. for absorbing localized content. Com- information. mercial ventures — dubbing of English MediLingua BV fi lms such as Jurassic Park and Titanic MULTILINGUAL QA Ltd. Poortgebouw, Rijnsburgerweg 10 into Hindi or even Tamil or Bengali, for 7 Hamasger Street, P.O. Box 778 2333 AA Leiden, The Netherlands example — need a special mention for Or Yehuda 60500, Israel 31-71-5680862 • Fax: 31-71-5234660 having set the biggest profi t records that 972-3-533-3999 • Fax: 972-3-548-0212 [email protected] foreign fi lms have ever made in India. [email protected] • www.multilingualqa.com www.medilingua.com

www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual | 61

57-63 Kumar LW1026.indd 61 10/31/07 9:14:17 AM Languages

Perspective Q Widespread use of mobile telephony every day. The growth rate of cell phones The local language IT market in India and their auxiliary services. is explosive. Mobile users grow every is in a nascent stage, and the market is The future of the mobile interface is month by about 2.5 million — a total of projected to grow at a healthy rate of the internet. For now, Indian youth are 30 million, nearly the population of Can- 30% to 60%, from $40 million in 2007 picking up mobile browsing rather fan- ada, in the course of a year. With some of to $100 million in 2010. The key drivers cily, but a few years down the line most the cheapest calling rates in the world, an in this market at present are: investment of $25 and a monthly expen- Q E-governance initiatives that will diture of $5 makes it feasible for every have local language interfaces so as to The future of the mobile Indian to possess a cell phone. Conse- reach all the citizens and get their feed- interface is the internet. quently, the language diversity of India back as well. offers a great opportunity for the local- Q Bundling together of multilingual ization industry to provide cell-phone websites and e-commerce sites so that users will connect to the internet through interfaces in various regional languages. citizens from all regions can search; get a mobile browser. So, India has to get At the same time it also throws up great informed and educated; play, shop, buy ready with localization tools and content challenges for them to create the right and sell online all kinds of merchandise in local languages. “In the era of rising kind of localization tools and services for and services; make reservations for cin- connectivity, localized content will be the the Indian broadband and mobile con- ema, theatre, travel, hotels and so on at king. Infi nitely reproducible systems and nectivity services market. their convenience from the comfort of applications in Indian language content their homes. may well be the kingmaker,” says Jitendra Conclusion Q Localization of all audio-visual mate- Shah in “Localization for e-governance.” Addressing the formal and informal rial including media campaigns, fi lms, The Indian government is pushing education needs, as well as the infor- television serials, broadcasts and so on. forward all possible economic reforms to mation needs of more than one billion Q Distance learning initiatives of edu- take power and connectivity to remote people speaking 23 offi cial languages, is cational institutes. areas. Hardware prices are going down a formidable task. In the Indian context, it becomes even more challenging when we take into consideration that 90% of the digital content available in higher education, judiciary and bureaucracy is in English, and therefore this content fails to address the educational and informa- tional requirements of more than 95% of the non-English-speaking population. On one hand, the non-English-speak- ing population is not motivated to use computers because digital content in their mother tongue is scarce. On the other hand, those who have the resources and knowledge to create digital content in regional Indian languages argue that only the English-speaking population is com- puter savvy. This is a vicious circle and therefore needs to be broken by making content available on the internet in more and more regional languages of India. This will then trigger a positive growth loop when availability of more localized content in regional languages will attract more of the non-English-speaking Indian population to use computers. The current state of the localization industry in India is far from perfect. It lags far behind the international level as far as the development and application of localization tools and technologies are concerned. We can say that it is still very much an improvised translation market. The various localization tools developed and available in English have to be fi rst localized and tuned for use with Indian

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languages. Some of these will have to be customized to suit the scripts of the Indian languages. At the same time, the advancement that has taken place in the west while progressing from dictionary-armed trans- Europe’s No. 1 lators to those using translation memo- Greek Localizer ries, linguistic verifi cation tools, machine translation, statistical machine transla- Since 1986, EuroGreek has been providing high-quality, tors, translation quality assurance tools, turnkey solutions, encompassing a whole range of client translation project management tools Heartsome needs, for the following language combinations: and so on implies that the Indian LSPs • English into Greek have a long way to go before they can Translation Studio • Greek into English • German into Greek compete and secure projects directly from • all new translation environment clients such as Microsoft, Google, Cisco, • French into Greek General Motors, Siemens, Nokia and • all open standards inclusive: TMX, TBX, GMX, All EuroGreek’s work is produced in our Athens Motorola. This, of course, is an opportu- SRX, XLIFF production center and covers most subjects: nity for international LSPs and a chal- • all new Mac- and Vista-style graphical user • Technical lenge for the Indian LSPs. But there lies a interface • Medical/Pharmaceutical great scope for cooperation among them. • IT/Telecommunications The vast translation resources available • Economics/Legal at competitive rates in India could be All EuroGreek’s work is fully guaranteed for quality certainly used to outsource work to India. and on-time delivery. This is being done to an extent by some Heartsome Holdings Pte Ltd companies, while others are contemplat- 190 Middle Road EuroGreek Translations Limited ing the merger-and-acquisition route to #19-05 Fortune Centre EuroGreek House, 93 Karagiorga Street have a presence in India. M Singapore 188979 Athens 16675, Greece References 65-68261179 • Fax: 65-67220655 30-210-9605-244 • Fax: 30-210-9647-077 [email protected] • www.heartsome.net [email protected] • www.eurogreek.com “Foreign direct investment into India nearly tripled to $16 billion last fi scal year.” International Herald Tribune, April 19, 2007. www.iht.com/articles/2007/04/19/news/fdi.php Ghosh, Nandita. “Fixing the Language, Fixing the Nation.” Language in India, 4:10 (October 2004). www.languageinindia.com/ oct2004/fi xinglanguage1.html “Languages of India.” Ethnologue. www Your Polish .ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IN ISO 9001:2000-certifi ed Production Center “Languages of India.” India Rising. Translation Services www.india-rising.com/news/117/ Since 2000, Ryszard Jarza Translations has been ARTICLE/1095/2007-04-17.html Idem Translations, Inc., is a full-service translation/ providing specialized Polish translation, localization Malayala Manorama. www.manorama localization company, specializing in the life sciences, and DTP services, primarily for life sciences, IT, online.com legal and IT industries since 1983. Our expert automotive, refrigeration and other technology Shah, Jitendra, and Swapnil Hajare. translation teams combine linguistic excellence sectors. “Localization for e-governance.” Articles with strong backgrounds in a variety of fields. We maintain specialized client glossaries and memory We work with multilanguage vendors and on Localisation of Applications & Language directly with documentation departments of large Technology Standards. http://tdil.mit.gov databases to ensure consistent terminology. Our multinational customers. We have built a brilliant .in/oct_2004/le-gov-14.pdf ISO 9001:2000-certified translation and quality processes guarantee a service that meets the highest in-house team made up of experienced linguists “Top 100 Languages by Population.” www industry standards. We offer a unique combination .davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages- and engineers, who guarantee a high standard of of industry-specific experience, knowledgeable by-population.html quality while maintaining flexibility, responsiveness translation teams and friendly, client-oriented service. Vandana, Sharon. “Globalization Basics.” and accountability. http://bhashaindia.com/developers/know how/globalization/globalizationbasics.aspx Idem Translations, Inc. 550 California Avenue, Suite 310 Ryszard Jarza Translations Wissink, Cathy. “Local Language Palo Alto, CA 94306 ul. Barlickiego 23/22 Information Technology Market in India.” 650-858-4336 • Fax: 650-858-4339 50-324 Wroclaw, Poland http://bhashaindia.com/patrons/news/ [email protected] 48-601-728018 • Fax: 48-71-3414441 itmarket/index.aspx www.idemtranslations.com [email protected] • www.jarza.com.pl www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual | 63

57-63 Kumar LW1026.indd 63 10/30/07 4:42:57 PM Localization World returns to Seattle waterfront Business Laurel Wagers

Once again, inclement weather brushed the conference venue — 50-mile-an-hour gusts stirred up Elliott Bay into a froth of whitecaps Oon Thursday — but the tenth Localization World conference (October 17-18, 2007) buzzed with positive excitement as the event took over Bell Harbor Conference Center in Seattle, Washing- ton. More than 500 language-related profes- sionals attended, coming to Seattle from 39 countries. Localization World is a co-production of MultiLingual Com- puting, Inc., and The Localization Institute in cooperation with the Globalization and Localization Association (GALA). Major sponsors for the event were Lionbridge (platinum); SDL Interna- tional (gold); across Systems GmbH, Jonckers Translation and Engineering, and Welocalize (silver); and Acclaro, Inc., Idiom Technologies, Inc., and Translations.com (bronze). media — a session that drew doz- The program development committee included Kevin Bolen, ens of participants and a lively Lionbridge; Chris Boorman, SDL International; Matthias Cae- discussion. sar, GALA and Locatech GmbH; Karen Combe, PTC; Andreas Sessions were organized on Dürr, across Systems GmbH; Thomas Hecht, Siemens; Sylvia three concurrent tracks, with Idström, Sony Ericsson; Ulrike Irmler, Microsoft; Kristen each session having one of Sutton, Business Objects; and Elisa Tormes, Tek Translation three formats: Praxis (hands-on International. solutions); Point/Counterpoint (debates on localization topics); Conference highlights and Perspectives (nontechnical, Keynote presenter Jeff Howe of Wired focused in his presenta- business-focused) sessions in tion on “crowdsourcing,” a facet of community-based work enabled the categories of Translation Automation, Localization Process, by the internet; and variations on that Localization Business, and Authoring and Content Man- theme recurred throughout the con- agement. The Localization Process category included a ference, starting with “Veni, Vidi, three-part “Introduction to Localization” series as well Wiki: Community Engagement in as sessions on terminology management and website Localization.” Comments in one ses- localization. Localization Business topics included “Are sion sparked the rapid organization of Laurel Wagers is We Practicing What We Are Preaching?” and “Moving an “un-conference” session Thursday managing editor into Higher Gears on the Localization Highway.” Knowl- afternoon on the localization of new of MultiLingual. edge management, shifting content types, statistical

64 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

64-65 Biz LocWorldSEATTLE07.indd64 64 10/31/07 7:53:53 AM Business

Preconference and conference days provided opportunities to learn, to teach and to get to Scott Aitken for TPWN © 2007 know one another better. Vendors were busy Tuesday afternoon preparing to show their best stuff on Wednesday and Thursday. Cruise photos: Vivian Hsu for TPWN © 2007

Wednesday evening was perfect for a dinner cruise and some fun networking opportunities aboard the Royal Argosy. Conference photos: Scott Aitken for TPWN © 2007

machine translation and real-time translation of dynamic con- Special events tent also were addressed. Participants went directly from the conference center on Four vendor-sponsored presentations on products and ser- Wednesday to a harbor cruise boat, where they dined on Puget vices were offered, and GALA presented an introductory session Sound as the lights of Seattle sparkled in the distance. for prospective members. The conference ended Thursday afternoon with GALA prize drawings that included wines, artwork, iPods and a grand-prize Preconference (October 16) travel voucher. In addition to the main conference, many participants attended workshops and round tables including sharing lan- Next Localization World conferences guage data, multilingual content strategy, games localization The next Localization World will take place at the Hotel Mari- topics, introduction to medical localization, internationaliza- tim proArte, Berlin, Germany, 9-11 June 2008. The next North tion and medical topics. GALA also conducted a meeting on America conference is scheduled for Madison, Wisconsin, Octo- the preconference day and sponsored a members-only session, ber 13-15, 2008. Additional information, including the upcoming “M&A Uncovered.” call for papers, is available at www.localizationworld.com M

www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual | 65

64-65 Biz LocWorldSEATTLE07.indd65 65 10/31/07 7:53:57 AM Be Free.

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66 Idiom #92.indd 66 10/30/07 4:45:43 PM 67 Business || nal 10/30/07 4:46:36 PM MultiLingual Most deals require At the last minute, your You will need the originals will need You Do you have an option plan? cates and any of the cancelled The buyer’s lawyers should pro- cates. nance team on both sides before thenance team on both sides before Final balance sheet. nal balance sheet to calculate the fi 8) the fi amounts. This should be cleaned and reviewed by the fi closing. Don’t go to the closing with outstand- don’t ing questions on any of the amounts. You want to pay fees to a lawyer to sit there and review your balance sheet at the last minute. Organized documents. Options? Options? Options? Original stock certifi to your stockholders. Access cates. Make sure your lawyer checks these carefully to cates. Make Instructions on how the money will be distributed. Instructions on how the money will 6) 7) 3) 4) 5) ost deals include transferring money from the buyer’s lawyer ost deals include transferring money from stockholders may need to sign something or agree to something,stockholders may need to sign something you will have and they should be readily available. Normally, your closing day. them sign the necessary documents before sure they and make phone numbers ready, have mobile However, Many deals have spentwill be available on the day of the close. most of the day trying to track down stockholders who are on vacation or missing in action. vide you with a checklist of everything you need to bring to sure you have everything — or work out a resolu- closing. Make tion before closing. Don’t show up with anything missing. Your sure closing will go through each of these documents, so make they are easily accessible. Did you provide options to friends and family? Don’t forget that they will be party to the transaction and that you will need to have them sign before the closing. M if you have However, to someone, usually the selling lawyer. be paid, you need to a number of stockholders who need to to whom and who will work out who will transfer the money out beforehand, including get it. This all needs to be worked who will do the identifying account numbers and determining who is handling this — the sure it is clear distribution. Make buyer’s or seller’s lawyers. for all your issued stock certifi certifi signed to another party. ensure that they have not already been without these. cannot close You ne André P. Pellet, vice- Pellet, André P. president at Welocalize, president at Welocalize, is a speaker and trainer in globalization and localization. rst time since the rst Many contracts with your Have you checked the fi Have you checked nal purchase contract, The time when the buyer cially transferred from the -zing]: nal meeting where everything nal meeting where everything M&A uncovered: M&A closing a worry-free Pellet André P. kloh

[

The closing of an acquisition or a merger can The closing of an acquisition or Closing landlord. Consent from your Consent from your big clients. and the seller execute the fi and the seller execute and sellers original discussion that the buyers room, coming to are together again in the same to take. grips with the step they are about and ownership is offi seller to the buyer. and sellers be a nerve-racking time for buyers come The many weeks of due diligence alike. down to the fi be ready to sign. needs to align, be correct and This is also probably the fi 2) Closing checklist Here are ten things you can bring with you that will help to 1) For many deals, the closing can be a disaster. Items are miss- For many deals, the closing can be a disaster. rst. A well-organized deal can be closed within two hours. A rst. A well-organized largest clients contain a “change of ownership/control” provision. largest clients contain a “change This means you need to get permission from them before you sell sure you check carefully your agreements with and close. Make your clients to ensure that this isn’t needed. print in your lease? Most lease agreements also contain a provision that they need to give consent before your company is sold. However, landlords can be notoriously slow in giving their approval, and they may want to extend your lease. Don’t leave this until the last minute! www.multilingual.com December 2007 make your closing go smoothly. make ing or not clear, or the lawyers need to track something down or the ing or not clear, fi all day or more, starting could take disorganized deal, however, your new partnership off with frayed nerves. C 67-68 Biz Pellet.indd 67 Business

Figure 1: Potential purchasers.

Figure 3: Importance of aspects of being acquired. of the seller when the industry would be preferable. This the closing has been seems to be supported by the fact that most Figure 2: After-merger possibilities. completed. By fol- of the current M&A activity has been 9) A good lawyer. This is one time lowing the information above, you can within the industry. you don’t want to fi nd the cheapest, least ensure that both parties will have a good Most people would probably agree with experienced lawyer. Your lawyer should experience and the satisfaction of a well- the data in Figure 2 — that most owners demonstrate his or her organization at organized closing. have an interest in doing something dif- the closing, providing you the support ferent in the combined companies. needed. Your lawyer should have already Survey results Finally, when the survey asked people worked through the closing checklist Since I started the M&A Uncovered to rank the most important to least with the seller’s lawyers, provided a legal series in this magazine, I have been important aspects of being acquired, the opinion and walked you through the running an ongoing survey to gather survey showed the following order (most process before you arrive at the closing. information about people’s opinions important to least — the lower the score, 10) A sense of humor and your appe- on mergers and acquisitions (M&A). the higher the perceived importance), as tite. Closing can be tedious and slow as The number of respondents hasn’t been in Figure 3: lawyers check everything. A good sense of as high as I would like, so the results 1) Company valuation — 2.57 humor and a positive outlook on the future are far from scientifi c, but they do 2) Compatible vision — 3.29 will help you have a successful closing! indicate an initial trend. I hope that 3) Business values — 3.69 Also, make sure you help yourself to the others will complete the survey at www 4) Staff integration — 3.86 law offi ce’s coffee, donuts or any snacks .surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=5043636 5) Customer relationships — 4.29 because it will be the most expensive cup 86460 so that I can assemble a more 6) Management roles — 4.71 of coffee you will ever have! complete picture. 7) Service offering — 5.62 The defi nition of closing says nothing As shown in Figure 1, 57% of the res- The question above is one of the most about the state of minds of the buyer and ponses indicate that a purchase from within interesting in what it says about our industry and the typical type of company. Ultimately, the vision and values — and how they apply to the staff and custom- ers — are the key elements of what makes a successful merger work for either the buyer or the seller. By ensuring fi rst that the proper value is placed on the com- pany, the management teams who have a shared foundation will be aligned early in order to make the merger a success for everyone involved. Questions or comments? If you have something to share, feel free to e-mail me at andre.pellet@welocalize .com. My next article will address some specifi c questions and issues I have received from readers. M

68 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

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Tech le ne 10/30/07 4:47:25 PM les) which ers, special MultiLingual les or any other fi les, using a special naming con- in this article as a generic term referring in this article as a generic term referring le message fi L'espace de travail {0} n'existe pas. L'espace de travail {0} n'existe becomes pas. Lespace de travail {0} nexiste but it looks This is not as bad as writingwithoutspaces, All of this applies only to strings passed through the Mes- Attempt one: developer comments sure to The Javadoc states that developers should “make What this means in plain English is that the apostrophe is What this means in plain English is that with single ones. silly and is incorrect spelling. The choice of the apostrophe of the apostrophe silly and is incorrect spelling. The choice seemed sensible to the as an escape character might have at the time. Apparently, designers of the MessageFormat class French and Italian what escaped their attention is that both thus making this a very extensive use of apostrophes, make visible problem. sageFormat class. Normal strings do not have this peculiarity and will display the apostrophe characters verbatim. Unfortunately, localizers don’t normally have access to the source code (many of them would not even understand it), and they have no idea which strings require doubled apostrophes and which are fi inform localizers about the rules, and tell them (for example, by using comments in resource bundle source fi strings will be processed by MessageFormat.” The details of how this is done are not elaborated. This may be in the form of an informal e-mail, a list of resource identifi comments in the message fi Note that vention for the resource IDs, or something similar. I use to Java resource bundles, .properties fi used as a special character to form the escape sequence for the used as a special character to form the character itself — more of (which is a special left curly bracket is that localizers need to this later), and the side effect of all this if they want to see write two consecutive apostrophe characters are removed one apostrophe in the output. Single apostrophes a result, from the message without warning. As formats used for storing localizable messages. c to ner details of java ner details of java

Apostrophe issues issues Apostrophe and elsewhere in Java Mork Peter

works for PTC, a Boston-based software works for PTC, company. He worked in Ireland for many company. The apostrophe character, a weak spot in Java, The apostrophe character, Peter Mork, an internationalization engineer, Mork, an internationalization engineer, Peter years and is now based in Budapest, Hungary. years and is now The problem The Javadoc of the MessageFormat class states, somewhat While the MessageFormat class problems are specifi While the MessageFormat class problems

causes more internationalization problems than causes more internationalization of the Unicode all the other 65,000 characters is simple: character set combined. The reason both JavaScript and the java.text.MessageFor- which character, mat class treat it as a special in these con- means careful coding is required two problem texts. This article describes these areas and lists the possible solutions. T www.multilingual.com December 2007 Within a String, "''" represents a single quote. A QuotedString can contain arbitrary characters except single quotes; the surrounding single quotes are removed. An UnquotedString can contain arbitrary characters except single quotes and left curly brackets. Thus, a string that should result in the formatted message "'{0}'" can be written as "'''{'0}''" or "'''{0}'''". the Java programming language, the issue described in the issue described in the the Java programming language, the development in gen- second part of this article applies to web fi eral. Thus, readers not interested in the issues in “Apostrophe .text.MessageFormat should jump to the HTML pages” section. confusingly, that confusingly, 69-72 T Mork.indd 69 Tech

What is common in all these solutions is that they don’t post-processing and perform global fi nd and replace on the scale. Sending around lists of resource identifi ers via e-mail translated message fi les. may work for small teams, but it breaks down miserably when hundreds of developers are working on a product, scattered Attempt three: post-processing across the globe in different time zones. Even if developers are Post-processing of message fi les may be used to fi nd and trained on a regular basis, people are always coming and leav- correct apostrophe-escaping mistakes. Assuming that only those ing, and the new ones will not know the rules and will end up strings are passed through the MessageFormat class that contain adding MessageFormat strings without localizer comments, not a {0} string variable, searching for such strings and replacing to mention other mistakes. apostrophes with apostrophe-apostrophe becomes an easy task. There are three points to consider: Attempt two: ban the apostrophe! Q If the software translation tool has an extensible fi lter API, An easy-to-do and attractive solution is to avoid using the then the post-processing step may be integrated into the fi lter apostrophe character altogether. Brian Yuan (“Best practices of code. This will make the process transparent to localizers. handling apostrophes ( ’) in .properties fi les,” http://blogs.sun Q This will cover 95% of all cases. The remaining 5%, where .com/byuan/entry/best_practices_of_handling_apostrophes) rec- developers choose to process messages without {0} variables ommends using the Unicode “Prime” character (U+2032) instead with MessageFormat, will pass through undetected. These can of the apostrophe. Depending on the font choice, these two char- only be tracked down via source code analysis. acters look surprisingly similar: Q It must remembered that post-processing is done at the expense of simplicity; it makes the process more complicated Apostrophe character (U+0027): and takes away the ability to “quick fi x” problems on the mes- Unicode Prime character (U+2032): '''''' sage fi les with a text editor.

Unfortunately, there is no key on the regular keyboard that Attempt four: run-time handling would produce this character. Furthermore, since it is not in Finally, apostrophe doubling may be done at run-time, either the ASCII table, it cannot be entered in plain text editors. A by explicit calls to a replaceAll() string method in order to possible solution to these practical problems is to introduce change single occurrences of apostrophes to double apostrophes

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or, better still, by wrapping the mechanism into an API method (double_apos, arg)); of our own. The online documentation of IBM WebSphere Com- } merce advocates the fi rst technique: catch (Exception e) { baseMessage = EspUtil.replace e.printStackTrace(); (baseMessage, "'", "''"); } String formattedMessage; The fi rst format() call will throw an exception because Mes- try sageFormat thinks that {foo} is a string variable and it tries and { fails to parse the argument number. MessageFormat needs to be formattedMessage = MessageFormat.format told that this is an exceptional case and the left curly bracket (baseMessage, args); has to be taken literally, not as a fi rst character of a variable. } This is done with the apostrophe: '{ will be converted to { in catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { ... } the output. Now, if this special-purpose apostrophe is mistaken This requires developers to always remember to use EspUtil for a regular apostrophe and replaced with two apostrophes (as .replace() prior to making a call to MessageFormat.format(). EspUtil seen in the double_apos string), the result is once again a java. is a simple helper class that is introduced by the IBM article for lang.IllegalArgumentException. This is not just a theoretical demonstration purposes only. Implementation details are given possibility; I had a bug like this assigned to me recently. in “Globalization tips” (see References). Given the doubtful ability of developers Character Sequence of large organizations to follow rules Context such as this, my preference is to write a ' " \' \" ' " \u0027 \u0022 custom API call that encapsulates the Plain HTML OK OK L L OK OK L L apostrophe handling and possibly the JavaScript "…" string OK F OK OK L L OK OK message fetching as well: JavaScript '…' string F OK OK OK L L OK OK FormattedMessage = MyUtil.getLocalizedMessage JavaScript embedded in F F OK F OK OK OK OK (bundle, MY_MSG_ID, args) HTML attributes The alt= attribute of An initial investment is needed to OK F L F OK OK L L the IMG tag write and test the getLocalizedMes- sage() API, but it pays off later in the TEXT form input OK F L F OK OK L L form of not having apostrophe-related TEXTAREA form input OK OK L L OK OK L L internationalization bugs in the code. Of course, run-time processing comes Form button label OK F L F OK OK L L with a performance hit, but it is negli- OK = Works properly. L = The escape sequence appears literally. gible in all practical cases and is a small F = The page fails and some functionality becomes broken. price to pay for the benefi ts we get. There is no perfect solution to this problem. Each of the What about the left curly bracket? attempts described above has its drawbacks. My personal Up to this point, I have implied that the apostrophe escaping preference is to use an API call that encapsulates message procedure is as simple as fi nding and replacing all single apos- fetching, argument substitution and apostrophe handling all trophes with two consecutive apostrophe characters. I did so for in one, and also has a few extra lines of code to avoid falling the sake of simplicity. In fact, the apostrophe character must not into the trap of the left curly bracket. It might look something be doubled if it is followed by a left curly bracket. Consider the like this: following example: public static String getLocalizedMessage Object[] arg = {"bar.txt"}; (String bundle_name, String no_apos = "Invalid {foo} keyword String msg_key, in {0}"; Object[] args, String single_apos = "Invalid '{foo} keyword Locale locale ) in {0}"; String double_apos = "Invalid ''{foo} keyword Note that the args parameter is set to null for messages that in {0}"; do not have any {0} variables. Inevitably, using this method will slow down your program a little bit (normally not to a level try noticeable to users), but you will never have to worry about { those annoying little apostrophes again! System.out.println(MessageFormat.format (no_apos, arg)); Apostrophe issues in HTML pages System.out.println(MessageFormat.format A similar problem exists in JavaScript for the same reason: (single_apos, arg)); the apostrophe character plays a special role in this language. It System.out.println(MessageFormat.format is used for quoting strings, as in the example below:

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de travail in French. Notice the apostro- English: My Current Work alert('<%= myBundle.get phe character in l’espace. It will cause a French: Mes "en cours" ("REMOVED_FROM_WS")%>'); JavaScript error the moment the page is The language style guide of the target loaded, making it dysfunctional. language may even defi ne explicitly that Clearly, this is more serious than the certain types of terms — user interface Assume that the message the code is “cosmetic” issue in the java.text.Message- strings, for example — have to appear trying to display is Warning: Removed Format class. (I say “cosmetic” because between double quotes in the product, from Workspace in English. This would since the functionality isn’t broken and even if the English equivalents aren’t be Avertissement: Supprimé de l’espace the text remains legible; but this should double-quoted. Localizers may be told to not tempt us to ignore it on the grounds avoid this practice, but it could negatively that this “just a cosmetic issue” because affect the perceived translation quality of it looks pretty bad.) It poses the same the product. diffi culties: localizers don’t know which A closer look reveals that it is not strings will end up in JavaScript messages only JavaScript alert messages that and aren’t in the position to fi nd out. Some could be problematic. There are other of the same solutions may be employed user-visible elements in a HTML page: here as well: let developers somehow tag attributes (such as the alt= attri- communicate to localizers which strings bute of the IMG tag), input form fi elds, are for JavaScript; avoid the apostrophe; form buttons and others. Each of these or write a wrapper API method that does contexts may require a different escape the conversion at run-time. Post-process- sequence for the special characters. To ing is out of the question since there are make matters worse, the problem is not no easy clues (like the presence of {0} specifi c to Java Server Pages; it can variables for the MessageFormat class) affect every application that generates that a script could hook on to. HTML output directly. The accompany- The actual escape sequence is different ing table demonstrates the extent of the from what is used by the MessageFormat problem (OK = Works properly; L = The class: instead of two consecutive apos- escape sequence appears literally; F = trophes, either \' (a backslash followed The page fails and some functionality by an apostrophe) or \u0027 (the ASCII becomes broken). representation of the Unicode character) It is beyond the ability of the localiz- should be used. The ' representa- ers to look at the source code and verify tion, used commonly in HTML text, does the context of each string before intro- not work here and will appear literally. ducing apostrophe characters or double There is also a quick-and-easy solu- quotes to a translation. Developers may tion: use the double quote character to be tasked with making the necessary delimit strings in JavaScript calls. Com- pre-processing at run-time, since they pare this code with the previous example are the only ones who know the context and notice the difference: in which their strings will be used. An attractive alternative is to use some sort of user-interface toolkit or alert("<%= myBundle get programming framework that hides the ("REMOVED_FROM_WS") %>"); gory details of low-level HTML coding under a neat abstraction layer. There Using double quotes eliminates the are important concerns: performance, risk posed by the presence of the apos- development overhead, the diffi culty of trophe character. Unfortunately, it intro- getting infrastructure bugs fi xed and so duces another one: because the string is on. Many such systems are available, and enclosed in double quotes, it must not the choice is not obvious. It is, therefore, contain the double quote character itself. left to the reader. M Double quotes must be escaped now, just as apostrophes must be escaped in apos- References trophe-enclosed strings. [1] “Best practices of handling One can argue that if the English apostrophes ( ’) in .properties fi les” string does not use double quotes, then http://blogs.sun.com/byuan/entry/best_ the translation should not use them practices_of_handling_apostrophes either. Unfortunately, this is not the [2] “Globalization tips” case, as some localizers introduce double http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/ quotes for stylistic reasons even if the wchelp/v5r6m1/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm. source string does not have any: commerce.developer.doc/refs/rgbtips.htm

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69-72 T Mork.indd 72 10/30/07 4:47:29 PM Basics Basic terminology

This section offers terminology, abbreviations, acronyms and other resources, especially as related to the content of this issue. For more definitions, see the Glossary section of MultiLingual’s annual Resource Directory and Index (www.multilingual.com/resourceDirectory).

Computer-aided translation (CAT). Computer techno- cycles and synchronizing those with source content man- logy applications that assist in the act of translating text agement. Provides the capability of centralizing linguis- from one language to another. tic assets in the form of translation databases, leveraging Content management system (CMS). A system used to glossaries and branding standards across global content. store and subsequently find and retrieve large amounts of HTML (HyperText Markup Language). A markup lan- data. CMSs were not originally designed to synchronize trans- guage that uses tags to structure text into headings, para- lation and localization of content, so most of them have been graphs, lists and links, and tells a web browser how to partnered with globalization management systems (GMS). display text and images on a web page. Double-byte character set (DBCS). This term has two Internationalization (i18n). Especially in a computing basic meanings. In CJK (Chinese-Japanese-Korean) comput- ing, the term traditionally means a character set in which context, the process of generalizing a product so that it can every graphic character not representable by an accompa- handle multiple languages and cultural conventions (currency, nying SBCS (single-byte character set) is encoded in two number separators, dates) without the need for redesign. bytes. Han characters would generally comprise most of Java. A programming language originally developed by these two-byte characters. The term can also mean a char- Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core compo- acter set in which all characters — including all control nent of Sun’s Java platform. The language derives much of characters — are encoded in two bytes. its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model Full match. A source text segment that corresponds and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typi- exactly (100%) with a previously stored sentence or phrase cally compiled to byte code that can run on any Java virtual in a translation memory (TM) tool. machine regardless of computer architecture. Fuzzy match. Refers to the situation when a sentence or Localization (l10n). In this context, the process of adap- phrase in a translation memory (TM) is similar — but not a ting a product or software to a specific international lan- 100% match — to the sentence or phrase the translator is guage or culture so that it seems natural to that particular currently working on. The TM tool calculates the degree of region. True localization considers language, culture, cus- similarity or “fuzziness” as a percentage figure. toms and the characteristics of the target locale. It fre- Globalization (g11n). In this context, the term refers to quently involves changes to the software’s writing system the process that addresses business issues associated with and may change keyboard use and fonts as well as date, launching a product globally, such as integrating localiza- time and monetary formats. tion throughout a company after proper internationaliza- Machine translation (MT). A technology that trans- tion and product design. lates text from one human language to another, using Globalization management system (GMS). A system terminology glossaries and advanced grammatical, syntac- that focuses on managing the translation and localization tic and semantic analysis techniques.

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Mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Refers to the aspect Translation memory (TM). A special database that stores of corporate strategy, corporate finance and management previously translated sentences which can then be re-used dealing with the buying, selling and combining of different on a sentence-by-sentence basis. The database matches companies that can aid, finance or help a growing com- source to target language pairs. pany in a given industry expand rapidly without having to Translation Memory eXchange (TMX). An open stan- create another business entity. dard, based on XML, which has been designed to simplify Open-source software. Any computer software distrib- and automate the process of converting translation memo- uted under a license that allows users to change and/or ries (TMs) from one format to another. share the software freely. End users have the right to mod- Translation unit (TU). A segment of a text that the ify and redistribute the software, as well as the right to translator treats as a single cognitive unit for the purposes package and sell the software. of establishing an equivalence. The TU may be a single word, Quality assurance (QA). The activity of providing evi- a phrase, one or more sentences, or even a larger unit. dence needed to establish confidence among all concerned Written Chinese. Written Chinese refers to the thou- that quality-related activities are being performed effec- sands of symbols or Chinese characters used to represent tively. All those planned or systematic actions necessary to spoken Chinese, along with rules and conventions about provide adequate confidence that a product or service will how they are arranged and punctuated. Chinese charac- satisfy given requirements for quality. QA covers all activi- ters do not constitute an alphabet or a compact syllabary. ties from design, development, production and installation Instead, they are built up from simpler parts representing to servicing and documentation. objects or abstract notions, although most characters do Search engine. A program designed to help find infor- contain some indication of their pronunciation. mation stored on a computer system such as the world- wide web or a personal computer. A search engine allows a user to ask for content meeting specific criteria — typi- Resources cally those containing a given word, phrase or name — and retrieves a list of references that match those criteria. ORGANIZATIONS Simplified Chinese. A Chinese character set used in American Translators Association: www.atanet.org; and its Language Technology Division: www.atanet.org/divisions/LTD mainland China and Singapore, modified to be written with fewer strokes per character. Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs/International Federation of Translators: www.fit-ift.org Source language. A language from which text is to be Localization Industry Standards Association (LISA): translated into another language. www.lisa.org Terminology management. Primarily concerned with The Localization Institute: www.localizationinstitute.com manipulating terminological resources for specific pur- Translation Automation User Society (TAUS): poses — for example, establishing repositories of termino- www.translationautomation.com logical resources for publishing dictionaries, maintaining The Unicode Consortium: www.unicode.org terminology databases, ad hoc problem solving in finding multilingual equivalences in translation work or creating PUBLICATIONS new terms in technical writing. Terminology management The Guide to Translation and Localization, software provides the translator a means of automatically published by Lingo Systems: www.lingosys.com searching a given terminology database for terms appear- Index of Chinese Characters With Attributes, George E. Bell, 2006, ing in a document, either by automatically displaying terms available at www.multilingual.com/eBooks in the translation memory software interface window or Malayala Manorama. www.manoramaonline.com through the use of hotkeys to view the entry in the termi- MultiLingual (formerly MultiLingual Computing & Technology): nology database. Additional resources available at www.multilingual.com Traditional Chinese. A Chinese character set used every- Globalization Handbook for the Microsoft .NET Platform, Parts I - IV, where except mainland China and Singapore. This set is Bill Hall, 2002-2006, available at www.multilingual.com/eBooks consistent with the original Chinese ideographic form that WEBSITES is several thousand years old. “Best practices of handling apostrophes (’) in .properties files”: Translation. The process of converting all of the text or http://blogs.sun.com/byuan/entry/best_practices_of_ words from a source language to a target language. An handling_apostrophes understanding of the context or meaning of the source lan- Localization conferences: www.localizationworld.com guage must be established in order to convey the same Mergers and acquisitions survey: www.surveymonkey.com/ message in the target language. s.asp?u=504363686460

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75 LocalizationWorld #92.indd 75 10/30/07 4:50:11 PM ASSOCIATIONS 76 AUTOMATED TRANSLATION 76 CONFERENCES 76 ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS 76 INTERNATIONALIZATION TOOLS 76 LOCALIZATION SERVICES 77 LOCALIZATION TOOLS 80 Language Weaver, Inc. STAR Group PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS 81 Languages All Description Language Weaver’s statistical Multiple Platforms automated translation software is designed for companies Languages All Description STAR is a leader in information ESEARCH R 81 interested in leveraging existing translation resources to management, localization, internationalization and global- SOFTWARE TESTING 81 increase translation efficiency and productivity. Language ization solutions as well as a premier developer of language Weaver has proven success delivering productivity improve- technology tools such as Transit/TermStar, WebTerm and of TM BROKERS 81 ments and time savings to large corporations, LSPs and our information management system, GRIPS. For more than TRAINING & SEMINARS 81 translation solution providers by quickly creating custom- 22 years, STAR has specialized in information management ized translation systems using each company’s existing and publishing, mult lingual processing including translation TRANSLATION SERVICES 81 translated data. These systems produce high-quality transla- services, terminology management, software localization/ TRANSLATION TOOLS 84 tions of domain specific data. Language Weaver software can internationalization, software development and multimedia be easily integrated into customer support tools, knowledge systems engineering. With 38 offices in 28 countries and our Buyer’s Guide Buyer’s WORKFLOW SOLUTIONS 85 bases and translation workflow applications for added effi- global network of pre-qualified freelance translators, STAR ciency. Find out how Language Weaver can meet your trans- provides a unique combination of information management lation needs. Contact us to set up a p lot project. tools and services. Language Weaver, Inc. 4640 Admiralty Way, Suite 1210, Marina STAR Group America, LLC 5001 Mayfield Road, Suite 220, SSOCIATIONS del Rey, CA 90292, 310-437-7300, Fax: 310-437-7307, E-mail: info Lyndhurst, OH 44124, 216-691-7827, 877-877-0093, Fax: 216-691- A @languageweaver.com, Web: www.languageweaver.com See ad on 8910, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.us.star-group.net page 14 See ad on page 20 AILIA Association de l’industrie de la langue/Language Industry Association Description AILIA is the voice of the Canadian language CONFERENCES industry, bringing together organizations and professionals from three sectors: translation, language technologies and language training. Through a single point of contact, AILIA members can access key resources to stimulate their growth around the world. XTRF Management System Multiple Platforms AILIA 65 Sherbrooke Street East, Suite 110, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 1C4, 514-285-6596, E-mail: [email protected], Web: Localization World Languages All Description XTRF is a global management www.ailia.ca Description Localization World conferences are dedicated system for translation agencies. Built-in cutting-edge to the language and localization industries. Our constituents Java technology, XTRF is a flexible, customizable and are the people responsible for communicating across the web-based software enabling web access for a company’s boundaries of language and culture in the global marketplace. suppliers and customers. It’s designed to help transla- International product and marketing managers participate in tion companies to streamline all of their daily activities, Localization World from all sectors and all geographies to meet and it guarantees smooth management of the company language service and technology providers and to network while reducing administrative costs. Project management, with their peers. Hands-on practitioners come to share their invoicing, quotations, ISO 9001 reports and CRM are the Globalization and Localization Association knowledge and experience and to learn from others. See our main fields covered by the system. Designed by transla- Description The Globalization and Localization Association website for details on upcoming and past conferences. tion and localization professionals and created by the best (GALA) is a fully representative, nonprofit, international Localization World Ltd. 319 North 1st Avenue, Sandpoint, ID 83864, IT team, this powerful tool will reduce the time spent on industry association for the translation, internationalization, 208-263-8178, Fax: 208-263-6310, E-mail: info@localizationworld repetitive tasks and increase the company’s effectiveness. localization and globalization industry. The association gives .com, Web: www.localizationworld.com See ad on page 75 XTRF ul. Walerego Slawka 3, 30-653 Krakow, Poland, 48-12-2546- members a common forum to discuss issues, create innova- 126, Fax: 48-12-2546-122, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.xtrf.eu tive solutions, promote the industry and offer clients unique, collaborative value. ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Globalization and Localization Association 23 Main Street, INTERNATIONALIZATION TOOLS Andover, MA 01810, 206-329-2596, Fax: 815-346-2361, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.gala-global.org

AUTOMATED TRANSLATION Idiom Technologies, Inc. Multiple Platforms Languages More than 120 Description Idiom Technologies across Systems GmbH optimizes the globalization supply chain by aligning global Windows enterprises, language service providers and translators. Languages All Description across Systems GmbH is a spin- Award-winning WorldServer™ software solutions expand off of Nero AG with its world’s leading CD/DVD applica- market reach and accelerate multilingual communication tion. across includes TM and terminology system as well as KCSL Inc. with a proven platform for automating translation and powerful tools to support the project and workflow manage- Languages All Description NoBabel Translator is based on localization processes. Idiom works with global organiza- ment of translations. Product manager, translator and proof- 25 years of KCSL research and development in mult lingual tions including Adobe, Autodesk, Continental Airlines, reader all work together within one system, either in-house spelling and grammar correction, data compression and eBay, Motorola and Travelocity to cost-effectively trans- or smoothly integrated w th translation service providers. search technology. It not only provides automated, multi- late global webs tes and applications, streamline software across provides several partner concepts and the Software document alignment but also offers a powerful way to improve localization and delivery, and speed time-to-market for Development Kit (SDK) for system integrators and technol- translation memory (TM) creation and leveraging. NoBabel’s international product documentation. Idiom also partners ogy partners to allow the translation desktop to be integrated strength lies in its unique ab lity to draw upon a variety of with consulting firms, systems integrators and technology directly, in order to include both preliminary and subsequent sources to synthesize newly matched, high-quality transla- vendors to help customers achieve high-quality results and process steps. This results in more flexible and transparent tion units with optimal relevance to source material. Without maximize existing enterprise infrastructure. processes that benefit all sides. human interaction, NoBabel maintains TM integrity while Idiom Technologies, Inc. 200 Fifth Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, across Systems GmbH Im Stoeckmaedle 18, D-76307 Karlsbad, lowering costs and increasing productiv ty. Designed origi- 781-464-6000, Fax: 781-464-6100, E-mail: idiom_info@idiominc Germany, 49-7248-925-425, Fax: 49-7248-925-444, E-mail: info@ nally for large enterprises, today NoBabel is equally beneficial .com, Web: www.idiominc.com See ad on page 66 across.net, Web: www.across.net See ad on page 2 to corporations and individual translation service providers. KCSL Inc. 5160 Yonge Street, Suite 1012, Toronto, ON, Canada M2N 6L9, 416-222-6112, Fax: 416-222-6819, E-mail: [email protected], 2008 Resource Directory coming soon! www.multilingual.com/annualDirectory Web: www.kcsl.ca See ad on page 17

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76-85 Buyer'sGuide #92.indd 76 10/30/07 4:51:17 PM Buyer’s Guide

China, focuses mainly on software and website localization; Turkish). Key strengths include project managers, transla- LOCALIZATION SERVICES technical, financial, medical, patent and marketing transla- tors and proofreaders with vast experience, responsiveness tions; and desktop publishing services. We use TRADOS, and flexibil ty; competitive local market prices; and a com- SDLX, CATALYST, TTT/PC, STAR Transit, Robohelp, mitment to high quality, all resulting in long term partner- FrameMaker, PageMaker, InDesign, QuarkXPress, MS ships w th our customers. Office and other graphic and DTP tools. Having more Commit 139 Plapouta Avenue, GR 141 21, N. Iraklio, Athens, Greece, than 150 full-time employees located in Beijing, Taipei, 30-210-8056930, Fax: 30-210-8056935, E-mail: [email protected], Singapore, Seoul, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Shenyang and Web: www.commit.gr See ad on page 48 ADAPT Localization Services Chengdu, we can handle English/German into and from Simplified Chinese/Traditional Chinese/Japanese/Korean/ Languages More than 50 Description ADAPT Localization Thai. We guarantee that clients’ projects will be handled Services (founded in 1999 as transline Localization) offers the not only by native speakers, but also by topic specialists. full range of services that enables clients to be successful in Clients can expect and will receive high-qual ty services, international markets, from documentation design through on-time delivery and low cost. translation, linguistic and technical localization services, pre- Beijing E-C Translation Ltd. 2nd Floor, Hua Teng Development press and publication management. Serving both Fortune Building, No. 23, Xi Huan Bei Road, BDA, Beijing Economic- CPSL 500 and small companies, ADAPT has gained a reputation Technological Development Zone, Beijing 100176, P.R. China, 86- Languages All Description CPSL offers all the standard for quality, reliab lity, technological competence and a com- 10-67868761, Fax: 86-10-67868765, E-mail: service@e-cchina localization services, yet so much more. With over 40 years mitment to customer service. Fields of specialization include .com, Web: www.e-cchina.com of global experience, CPSL provides its customers with best diagnostic and medical devices, IT/telecom and web content. practices consultancy, event planning, translation, localiza- With offices in Bonn, Germany, and Stockholm, Sweden, tion, publishing and interpreting services. CPSL focuses on and a number of certified partner companies, ADAPT is well localization services for life sciences, technical, automotive, suited to help clients achieve their goals in any market. IT and energy industries, and is renowned for its ability to ADAPT Localization Services Clemens-August-Strasse 16-18, 53115 retain long-term relationships with its clients. These attri- Bonn, Germany, 49-228-98-22-60, Fax: 49-228-98-22-615, E-mail: butes, paired with its reputation for outstanding customer [email protected], Web: www.adapt-localization.com See ad on page 62 Binari Sonori care, competence, quality and state-of-the-art technology, Languages From all European languages into Italian Descrip- make CPSL an industry leader. While other translation busi- tion Binari Sonori has served the localization and translation nesses have come and gone, CPSL has consistently grown to market since 1994. Binari Sonori has been awarded a number become the largest Spanish-owned localization company. of crucial projects and has become one of the major players CPSL Torre Llacuna, Llacuna 166, 9ª, 08018 Barcelona, Spain, 34- in the Italian localization industry. Our goal is to guarantee 902-363-085, Fax: 34-933-000-040, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.cpsl.com See ad on page 15 high quality, timeliness and flexibility. We are accustomed to Alliance Localization China, Inc. (ALC) working for clients throughout the world who need to reach Languages Major Asian and European languages Description the Italian market with their products. Our project managers, ALC offers document, website and software translation and translators and revisers are trained to solve today’s challenges localization, desktop publishing, and interpreter services. We of translation/localization projects, regardless of text length focus on English, German and other European languages to or the software tools to be used. Fields of expertise are soft- and from Chinese, Japanese, Korean and other Asian languages. ware, hardware, telecommunications, finance, training, web We use TRADOS, CATALYST, SDLX, Transit and other CAT and marketing. tools, as well as DTP tools including CorelDraw, FrameMaker, Binari Sonori srl Viale Fulvio Testi, 11, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, EuroGreek Translations Limited FreeHand, Illustrator, InDesign, PageMaker, Photoshop and Milano, Italy, 39-02-61866-310, Fax: 39-02-61866-313, E-mail: Language Greek Description Established in 1986, EuroGreek QuarkXPress. Our customer-oriented approach is supported [email protected], Web: www.binarisonori.it See ad on Translations Limited is Europe’s number one Greek local- by strong project management, a team of specialists, a large page 60 izer, specializing in technical and medical translations from knowledge base and advanced methodologies. We always pro- English into Greek and Greek into English. EuroGreek’s aim vide service beyond our customers’ expectations at a low cost is to provide high-quality, turnkey solutions, encompassing and with high qual ty, speed, dependability and flexib lity. a whole range of client needs, from plain translation to desk- Alliance Localization China, Inc. Suite 609, Building B, Number 10 top/web publishing to localization development and testing. Xing Huo Road, Fengtai Science Park, Beijing 100070, P.R. China, 86- Over the years, EuroGreek’s services have been extended to 10-8368-2169, Fax: 86-10-8368-2884, E-mail: customer_care@ cover most subject areas, including German and French into allocalization.com, Web: www.allocalization.com Greek localization services. All of EuroGreek’s work is pro- Boffin China, Inc. duced in-house by a team of 25 highly qualified specialists Languages Translation/localization: Asian languages; DTP: and is fully guaranteed for quality and on-time delivery. most Asian and European languages Description Based in EuroGreek Translations Limited China w th an office in North America, Boffin crosses the London 27 Lascotts Road, London, N22 8JG UK boundaries of language, culture and technology to deliver Athens EuroGreek House, 93 Karagiorga Street, Athens 16675, best-of-class localization products. Services include website/ Greece, 30-210-9605-244, Fax: 30-210-9647-077, E-mail: production@ eurogreek.gr, Web: www.eurogreek.com See ad on page 63 Alpha CRC — Translating Excellence application localization, software localization, documents Languages All Description You benefit from 19 years of translation, HTML/XML engineering/testing, rich media, experience in software localization when choosing Alpha and desktop publishing. We’ve bu lt a reputation for quality, CRC. A private company, we pride ourselves on meeting the fast turnaround, consistency and value during the past ten individual needs of customers. Our in-house staff includes years with our teams of experienced in-country translators, translators covering 17 languages plus experts in software project managers, DTP experts and technicians. Providing engineering, DTP, QA and testing, voice recording and project full support and tailored solutions at reasonable prices is the management. This means we always have people available to foundation of Boffin’s quality service to its clients. iDISC Information Technologies discuss and deliver your requirements. When selecting Alpha, Boffi n China, Inc. 65 Forest Manor Road, Suite 1603, North York, Language Spanish Description iDISC, established in 1987, you have the added confidence of knowing that top technol- ON, Canada M2J 1M5, 800-340-5563, Fax: 514-372-5363, E-mail: is a leading independent localization company based in ca@boffi nchina.com, Web: www.boffi nchina.com See ad on page 59 ogy companies do the same. Our customers include SAP, Sun Barcelona, Spain. Services range from localization to DTP, and Symantec. Whether you’re an experienced global player from compiling to product testing. We are backed by a team or starting, Alpha has the solution for you. of in-house, full-time professionals and a carefully selected Alpha CRC Ltd. St. Andrew’s House, St. Andrew’s Road, Cambridge, and assessed freelance database that allows us to tackle any CB4 1DL UK, 44-1223-431011, Fax: 44-1223-461274, E-mail: size of project in our areas of expertise, mainly software [email protected], Web: www.alphacrc.com localization, technical and telecom documentation, ERP and marketing. As a single-language localization company, we Commit leverage from long-time experience using TRADOS, IBM Languages All, with a focus on Balkan languages Description Translation Manager and other translation tools. Highly Founded in 1997, Commit is a leading language services technical capabil ties, in-house know-how and professional provider with offices in Athens, Greece. Commit offers a support are guaranteed by iDISC’s Support and Development complete portfolio of services — localization, translation, Department. Contact us for a quote or other details. Beijing E-C Translation Ltd. interpreting, consulting — w th a special focus on the iDISC Information Technologies Passeig del progrés 96, 08640 Olesa Languages Asian Description Beijing E-C Translation Ltd., Balkan languages (Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, de Montserrat, Barcelona, Spain, 34-93-778-73-00, Fax: 34-93- one of the largest localization and translation companies in Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovenian and 778-35-80, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.idisc.es

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legal notices. Janus is ISO 9001:2000 certified. Company activities including translating, localizing, DTP and linguis- tic consulting were subjected to audit. Janus Worldwide Inc. Derbenevskaya nab., 11B, Offi ce 113, Moscow 115114, Russia, 7-495-913-66-53, Fax: 7-495-913-66-53, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.janus.ru Lionbridge Software and Content Localization iSP — The Localization Experts Languages All Description Lionbridge provides globaliza- Languages From English into all major languages Description tion and offshoring services that enable clients to develop, iSP (international Software Products) is a distinct provider localize, test and maintain their enterprise content and of localization services. For 20 years iSP has served ts clients technology applications globally. Through its globalization with the principles of honesty and customer-centric services. service offerings, Lionbridge adapts client products and con- Not surprisingly, first-time customers and new customers tent to meet the linguistic, technical and cultural require- have always stayed with iSP. We are dedicated to delivering the ments of customers, partners and employees worldwide. highest quality localized products. Our flat, in-house organi- Jonckers Translation & Engineering s.a. Lionbridge offshoring services include the development and zational structure means decision-making and action-taking Languages All Description Jonckers is focused on delivering maintenance of content and applications as well as testing are quick and simple. We are located near Amsterdam, The software, e-learning and multimedia localization services. We to ensure the quality, interoperability, usability and perfor- Netherlands, where we surround ourselves w th languages. support the globalization strategies of industry leaders such mance of clients’ software, hardware, consumer technology Our services cover all aspects of localization. We are in the as Adobe, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Microsoft and SAP. Our products, websites and content. Lionbridge offers ts testing heart of Europe. We are iSP. We are the localization experts. service range covers the complete localization value chain, services under the VeriTest brand. Lionbridge has more than iSP — international Software Products B.V. Dorpsstraat 35-37, including linguistic, publishing, engineering and testing ser- 4,000 employees based in 25 countries worldwide. 1191 BH Ouderkerk aan de Amstel, The Netherlands, 31-20-496-5271, vices. With headquarters in Brussels, Jonckers has local offices Lionbridge 1050 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451, 781-434- Fax: 31-20-496-4553, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.isp.nl in the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Japan, South 6111, Fax: 781-434-6034, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www Korea, Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China. Jonckers .lionbridge.com See ad on page 3 is a founding member of LCJ EEIG and a Microsoft Premier Vendor. To learn more, please visit www.jonckers.com Jonckers Translation & Engineering s.a. Avenue Herrmann-

New markets for your Debroux 15a, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, 32-2-672-80-30, Fax: 32- products and solutions 2-672-80-19, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.jonckers.com Janus Worldwide Inc. Languages Russian, ex-USSR and Eastern European lan- LocHouse Translation & DTP guages Description Janus provides translation, localization, Languages Translation: Brazilian Portuguese; DTP: All DTP and linguistic consulting for Russian, Ukrainian and European Description Translation, DTP and project man- other European languages. Our deep expertise, flexibility, agement — this is what we do well and what we focus on diversity and exceptional value of services are recognized by doing. We work with experts, under strict quality control, respecting deadlines and offering customized services. Our many industry-leading customers and partners worldwide. Lingo Systems, Translation & Localization Our uniqueness is a solid team of the best professionals in all translation team specializes in software, online applications, Languages 100+ Description Lingo Systems, a division of relevant areas — localization engineers, language specialists, technical documentation and e-learning. Our DTP team Coto Global Solutions, provides customer-focused solu- QA officers, DTP and software engineers, and more. We do has proven expertise in working as a low cost center, dealing tions for global companies in 100+ languages. We specialize t end-to-end — from servers to handhelds, from ERP to w th multi-language DTP projects under strict deadlines and in the translation and localization of technical documenta- automotive solutions and from interface specifications to w th superior qual ty results. For more information, visit us tion, software, multimedia applications, training materials, at www.loc-house.com or call or e-mail us, and you have our e-learning solutions and online applications. Other global- word that we will do the utmost for you to achieve success. ization services include quality assurance testing (hardware LocHouse Translation & DTP Av. Rio Branco, 277/301, Rio de and software), integration of content management solu- Janeiro - RJ, Brazil 20040-009, 55-21-2533-6051, E-mail: info@ tions, interpretation (170+ languages), cultural training loc-house.com, Web: www.loc-house.com and assessment and internationalization consulting. Lingo Systems has never caused a late release. No other firm makes this claim. For a free copy of our award-winning book, The Guide to Translation and Localization — Communicating with the Global Marketplace, visit www.lingosys.com or call 800-878-8523. Lingo Systems 15115 SW Sequoia Parkway, Suite 200, Portland, OR Logrus International Corporation 97224, 503-419-4856, 800-878-8523, Fax: 503-419-4873, E-mail: Languages EE, EA, ME, WE, rare languages Description [email protected], Web: www.lingosys.com See ad on page 18 Logrus offers a full set of localization and translation ser- vices for various industries, including top-notch software engineering and testing and DTP for all languages, including bidirectional and double-byte ones. The company is proud of its unique problem-solving skills and minimal support requirements. The company offers all European and Asian languages as well as many rare languages through its offices and established long-term partners. With ts production s te LinguaGraphics — Multilingual DTP; Web, in Moscow, Russia, Logrus provides a winning combination Flash and Software Localization; Engineering of quality, experience and affordability. With over 14 years Languages All, including Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Farsi, in business, the company has received multiple awards for Greek, Hindi, Hebrew, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Lao, excellence from its long-time customers, including IBM, Punjabi, Russian, Thai, Turkish, Urdu and Vietnamese Microsoft, Novell, Oracle and others. Description LinguaGraphics is a leading provider in the area Logrus International Corporation Suite 305, 2600 Philmont Ave- of mult lingual desktop publishing and web/software/Flash nue, Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006, 215-947-4773, Fax: 215-947-4773, localization engineering. Our seasoned DTP professionals E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.logrus.ru See ad on page 33 and localization engineers are working with the latest tools on top-of-the-line equipment to produce a wide range of projects in InDesign, FrameMaker, QuarkXPress, Photoshop and Flash. We specialize in typesetting high-end marketing and communications-type material in difficult and rare lan- guages at very competitive rates. For a quote on your next project, please visit us at www.linguagraphics.com. You have Loquant Localization Services our word that we will never compromise on quality and do Languages English, Brazilian Portuguese Description the utmost to make your project a success. Loquant bases its operations on the experience of its founders LinguaGraphics, Inc. 194 Park Place, Brooklyn, NY 11238, 718- and collaborators, professionals who closely follow the ongo- 623-3066, 718-789-2782, E-mail: [email protected], Web: ing evolution of technology and the latest processes in inter- www.linguagraphics.com nationalization and localization of information. Adhering to

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rigorous processes that were developed by the software local- embedded devices, wireless applications and gaming tech- ization industry during the last few decades, Loquant is able nology. Projects are customized to fit client needs and feature to prepare the most diverse products for the primary world our expertise in end-to-end project management; interna- markets. To do this, Loquant counts on the best project man- tionalization consultation; glossary development; native- agers, native translators, engineers and desktop publishers to language translation; multilingual web content management; guarantee a qual ty control recognized internationally by the translation memory maintenance; localization engineering; TOIN Corporation linguistic and functionality QA; desktop publishing, graphics main international standards organizations. Languages Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Japanese, localization, complete multilingual video and audio services, Loquant Localization Services Rua Luís Carlos Prestes, 410/114, Korean, Malay, Thai, Vietnamese and European languages 22775-055, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 55-21-2104-9597, Fax: 55-21- as well as on-site managed services. Description TOIN Corporation is a full-service localization 2104-9597, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.loquant.com PTIGlobal 9900 SW Wilshire, Suite 280, Portland, OR 97225, 888- 357-3125, Fax: 503-297-0655, E-mail: [email protected], Web: provider with services encompassing authoring, localiza- www.ptiglobal.com tion, content management and workflow/process consult- ing. TOIN offers global reach and exceptional strength in Asia, with headquarters in and additional opera- tions in the United States, Europe and China. The company has more than 40 years’ experience helping Global 1000 companies in industries such as automotive, information Moravia Worldwide technology, life sciences, engineering, electronics, training, Languages All Description Moravia Worldwide is a leading SAM Engineering GmbH publishing, software development, manufacturing, semi- conductors and consumer products. TOIN has worked with globalization solution provider, enabling companies in the Languages All Description Global challenges require flex- clients such as IBM, Microsoft, NEC, Panasonic, SAP, Sun, information technology, e-learning, life sciences and finan- ible and experienced service providers. Take advantage of cial industries to enter global markets with high-quality mul- our experience and know-how and make your product a Sybase, Toshiba and others. tilingual products. Moravia’s solutions include localization worldwide success. Products and services can only be mar- TOIN Corporation and product testing services, internationalization, multilin- Japan Shiba 1-chome Building, 1-12-7 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo keted successfully if they have been localized to the local and 105-0014 Japan, 81-3-3455-8764, Fax: 81-3-3455-6514, E-mail: gual publishing and technical translation. Hewlett-Packard, cultural conditions of the target country. Our team of expe- IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, Sun Microsystems and Symantec yosh [email protected], Web: www.to-in.com rienced project managers coordinates translators, software Europe Dodaarslaan 55, 3645 JB Vinkeveen, The Netherlands, are among some of the companies that depend on Moravia specialists and DTP experts, ensuring that the individual 31-297-212-091, Fax: 31-297-212-086, E-mail: [email protected], Worldwide for accurate, on-time localization. Moravia localization processes are performed professionally for our Web: www.to-in.com Worldwide maintains global headquarters in the Czech clients. Using tried-and-tested project management methods USA P.O. Box 19407, Minneapolis, MN 55419-0407, 612-926-0201, Republic and North American headquarters in California, and the latest TM technology, our team ensures that dead- E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.to-in.com with local offices and production centers in Ireland, China, lines are met and budgets adhered to, while also providing Japan and throughout Europe. To learn more, please visit the highest standards of quality. www.moraviaworldwide.com SAM Engineering GmbH Kirchstrasse 1, D-64367 Muehltal, Moravia Worldwide Germany, 49-6151-9121-0, Fax: 49-6151-9121-18, E-mail: sam USA 199 East Thousand Oaks Boulevard, Thousand Oaks, CA @sam-engineering.de, Web: www.sam-engineering.de See ad on 91360, 805-557-1700, 800-276-1664, Fax: 805-557-1702, E-mail: page 61 [email protected], Web: www.moraviaworldwide.com Asia 86-25-8473-2772, E-mail: [email protected] Europe 420-545-552-222, E-mail: [email protected] Ushuaia Solutions Ireland 353-1-216-4102, E-mail: [email protected] Languages Spanish (all varieties), Portuguese (Braz l) Japan 81-3-3354-3320, E-mail: [email protected] Description Ushuaia Solutions is a fast-growing Latin See ad on page 58 American company providing solutions for translation, localization and globalization needs. Ushuaia Solutions is SDL International — E-nabling Global Business focused on being creative and proactive to meet tight time Languages All Description SDL International is the leader frames with a high-quality level and a cost-effective budget. in global information management (GIM) solutions that Customizing its processes, Ushuaia assures project consis- empower organizations to accelerate delivery of high-quality tency and technical and linguistic accuracy, thus reducing mult lingual content to global markets. Our enterprise software clients’ time-to-market. Ushuaia combines state-of-the-art Worldwide Localization and Translation and services integrate with existing systems to manage global technology with top-notch experienced native translators, Languages 60+ Description Net-Translators specializes in information from authoring to publication and throughout editors and software engineers. Our mission is to work software localization and translation into more than 60 lan- the distributed localization supply chain. Global industry lead- guages. Our localization, internationalization and multilin- ers rely on SDL to provide enterprise software or full outsourc- together with our clients, thereby creating a flexible, reliable gual testing services instill the confidence that the localized ing for their GIM processes. SDL has implemented more than and open relationship for success. product is accurately and consistently localized, translated 150 enterprise solutions and has over 130,000 software licenses Ushuaia Solutions Rioja 919, S2000AYK Rosario, Argentina, 54-341-4493064, Fax: 54-341-4492542, E-mail: info@ushuaia and tested. Our translators are industry specific and have deployed across the GIM ecosystem. Our global services infra- amassed a wealth of experience in their particular areas of solutions.com, Web: www.ushuaiasolutions.com See ad on structure spans over 50 offices in 30 countries. page 16 expertise. We have a proficient in-house multilingual staff SDL International 5700 Granite Parkway, Suite 410, Plano, TX of project managers, QA professionals and DTP specialists 75024, 214-387-8500, Fax: 214-387-9120, Web: www.sdl.com who provide world-class service to our customers. Our staff See ad on page 88 remains on the cutting edge of CAT, QA and DTP technol- ogy. Net-Translators is ISO 9001:2000 certified and is head- quartered in Israel and maintains a branch office in the UK. Net-Translators Ltd. 13 Hamifal Street, P.O. Box 1052, Or Yehuda 60500, Israel, 972-3-5338633, Fax: 972-3-5336956, E-mail: sales @net-translators.com, Web: www.net-translators.com See ads on VistaTEC pages 26, 47 Languages All Description VistaTEC is a leading provider Tek Translation International of globalization services and specializes in the localization Languages European, Scandinavian, Latin American, Middle and testing of enterprise, mobile and desktop applica- Eastern, Asian Description Tek Translation has over 40 years tions. VistaTEC provides translation, technical consulting, of experience in working worldwide for the leading technology engineering and testing during the design, development companies. Now, thanks to the web, we operate globally from and marketing cycles of software products. VistaTEC has one production center offering a complete translation, web and headquarters in Dublin, Ireland, and satellite offices in the software localization service into more than 50 languages at United States. Additional information on VistaTEC is avail- PTIGlobal lower prices than our major competitors. Our English-speaking able at www.vistatec.ie Languages All commercial languages for Europe, Asia and the project managers, specialist translators, linguistic controllers VistaTEC Americas Description PTIGlobal is committed to developing and engineers are all connected via Tek’s exclusive Project Web, ongoing, long-term partnerships w th its clients. This means Europe VistaTEC House, 700 South Circular Road, Kilmainham, which provides clients with their latest information online, Dublin 8, Ireland, 353-1-416-8000, Fax: 353-1-416-8099, E-mail: a dedication to personal service, responsiveness, high-qual ty schedules and query logs and allows them to keep track of their [email protected], Web: www.vistatec.ie output, and sensitivity to clients’ cost goals and timelines. projects at all times. To learn more about Tek, contact: USA East 2706 Loma Street, Silver Spring, MD 20902, 301-649-3012, Backed by over 30 years of experience in technical transla- Tek Translation International C/ Ochandiano 18, 28023 Madrid, Fax: 301-649-3032, E-mail: [email protected] tion, PTIGlobal provides turnkey localization services in Spain, 34-91-414-1111, Fax: 34-91-414-4444, E-mail: sales@ USA West 131 Shady Lane, Monterey, CA 93940, 831-655-1717, Fax: 27 languages simultaneously for software, web applications, tektrans.com, Web: www.tektrans.com See ad on page 10 831-372-5838, E-mail: [email protected] See ad on page 53

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achieve near-simultaneous release of their translated appli- cations. Corel Corporation holds a 20% equity stake in Alchemy Software Development. Alchemy Software Development Ltd. Block 2, Harcourt Business Centre, Harcourt Street, Dublin 2, Ireland, 353-1-708-2800, Fax: Welocalize 353-1-708-2801, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www Languages More than 40 European, Middle Eastern and WORDSTATION GmbH .alchemysoftware.ie See ad on page 87 Asian languages Description Welocalize offers integrated Languages Br tish and US English, German, French (other globalization services for the fluid and rapid deployment of European languages are ava lable upon request) Description enterprise content and applications to international markets. Since its founding in 1991, WORDSTATION has become a In response to unique customer needs, we provide globaliza- superior quality provider of localization services, including tion consulting, translation, localization and testing solutions terminology work, software and documentation transla- that manage risk, improve repeatability and ensure transfer tion, and film production — starting of knowledge from project to project. Our Hybrid Delivery from the bytes of the software down to the final deta ls of ModelSM offers a flexible mix of onshore expertise and off- the documentation. We also conduct prototype translations shore production to create a scalable, cost-efficient solution Visual Localize to ensure translatabil ty of software and documentation. that delivers predictable business outcomes in a shorter time Windows 98, NT, 2000, XP WORDSTATION is large enough to ensure security and frame. Welocalize has over 250 employees worldwide and Languages All, including Eastern European, Asian and continuity, yet small enough to provide numerous advan- offices in the US, Germany, Ireland, Japan and China. bidirectional languages using Unicode support Description tages: no administrative overhead, short communication Welocalize 241 East 4th Street, Suite 207, Frederick, MD 21701, 301- Visual Localize is a leading application that fully supports 668-0330, Fax: 301-668-0335, E-mail: [email protected], Web: channels, fast and efficient feedback, short production the software localization process of www.welocalize.com See ad on page 29 cycles, high motivation and excellent team spirit. Updates applications (including .NET applications), databases and and follow-up versions are done by the same specialists. XML files. It dramatically reduces cost, effort and complex- WORDSTATION GmbH Max-Planck-Strasse 6, D-63128 Dietzen- ty of software localization. With its MS Explorer “look and bach, Germany, 49-6074-91442-0, Fax: 49-6074-91442-29, E-mail: feel,” it is user friendly and intuitive to use. After a very short [email protected], Web: www.wordstation.com introduction time, you will be able to handle all kinds of localization projects. Visual Localize remembers all previ- ous translations and thus maximizes re-use. With Visual LOCALIZATION TOOLS Localize, no programming skills are required for localiza- WhP tion. This makes it applicable for everyone. A free evaluation Languages All European and major Middle Eastern and copy is available at www.visloc.com Asian languages, including local variants Description WhP, a AIT — Applied Information Technologies AG Leitzstrasse 45, major supplier for the industry-leading corporations, local- D-70469 Stuttgart, Germany, 49-711-49066-431, Fax: 49-711- izes software, documentation and web content. WhP has been 49066-440, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.visloc.com benchmarked “Best Localization Vendor” by Compaq. Clients specifically appreciate WhP’s dedication to high quality and strict respect of deadlines and, consequently, entrust WhP w th Idiom Technologies their most sensitive projects. WhP also helps many fast-grow- Alchemy Software Development Ltd. Multiple Platforms ing companies to get their first localization projects smoothly Multiple Platforms Languages More than 120 Description Idiom Technologies off the ground. WhP’s flexible and open workflow technology Languages All Description Alchemy Software Development optimizes the globalization supply chain by aligning adapts to any production process. WhP’s high standards sat- is the market leader in localization technology. With over global enterprises, language service providers and trans- isfy the most demanding globalization requirements. 8,000 licenses worldwide, Alchemy CATALYST is the domi- lators. Award-winning WorldServer™ software solutions WhP Espace Beethoven BP102, F06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, nant choice among professional development companies, expand market reach and accelerate multilingual commu- France, 33-493-00-40-30, Fax: 33-493-00-40-34, E-mail: info@ localization service providers and global technology lead- nication with a proven platform for automating transla- whp.fr, Web: www.whp.net, www.whp.fr See ads on pages 53, 70 ers that need to accelerate entry into international mar- tion and localization processes. Idiom works with global kets. Alchemy CATALYST 7.0 boosts localization velocity, organizations including Adobe, Autodesk, Continental improves quality and reduces localization cost. Supporting Airlines, eBay, Motorola and Travelocity to cost-effectively Stay current. Stay informed. all Microsoft platforms and development languages (VB, translate global websites and applications, streamline soft- .NET, C++, C#), Borland C++Builder and Delphi, XML/ ware localization and delivery, and speed time-to-market www.multilingual.com/news XLIFF and databases (Oracle, MS-SQL), it is an indis- for international product documentation. Idiom also pensable solution for software localization, helping clients partners with consulting firms, systems integrators and

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technology vendors to help customers achieve high-quality the proven track record of its founders, Adriana Ferreira results and maximize existing enterprise infrastructure. SOFTWARE TESTING and Jorge Marinho, with over ten years’ experience in the Idiom Technologies, Inc. 200 Fifth Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, localization industry. We specialize in technical transla- 781-464-6000, Fax: 781-464-6100, E-mail: idiom_info@idiominc tions, from a few words on a label to complex million-word .com, Web: www.idiominc.com See ad on page 66 projects involving TEP, DTP, QA and testing of web, mobile and desktop applications and documentation fields ranging from IT, telecom, energy and pharmaceuticals to business, finance and legal affairs. We are fully qualified in related MULTILINGUAL QA Ltd. localization services, such as DTP, engineering and testing Description MULTILINGUAL QA Ltd. is dedicated to the in Western European languages. For additional informa- single task of testing localized software for localization ven- tion, please contact us. dors and software publishers. We offer third-party verification, 2tr Soluções Globais Ltda. Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 45 Sala 401, PASSOLO including functional, linguistic and cosmetic testing in more Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22270-000, Brazil, 55-21-2266-6449, Fax: 55-21- Version 6.0 for Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP than 30 languages. Located in the heart of Israel’s S licon Valley, 2286-1694, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.2tr.com.br Languages All, including Eastern European, Asian and we attract highly professional and technical QA testers who are bidirectional languages using Unicode support Description also native speakers of the target language. QA is performed in PASSOLO offers cutting-edge localization technology for all our professional testing center, thereby enabling us to retain major Windows development platforms to process Windows our know-how and provide all the needed infrastructure and software, Microsoft .NET, Borland Delphi/C++ Builder, Java, human resources to support our linguistic QA personnel. XML, XLIFF, HTML, text files and databases. The integration MULTILINGUAL QA Ltd. 7 Hamasger Street, P.O. Box 778, Or ACP Traductera of translation memory systems (for example, SDL Trados), Yehuda 60500, Israel, 972-3-533-3999, Fax: 972-3-548-0212, Languages From all the world languages to languages of terminology databases, spell checkers and WYSIWYG edi- E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.multilingualqa.com Central and Eastern Europe Description ACP Traductera See ad on page 61 tors guarantees high-quality and short turnaround cycles. is a translation agency based in the Czech Republic. Our PASSOLO offers fuzzy-matching, pseudo-translation, num- local experience in Central Europe and our strong focus erous check functions, statistical reports, and experts for ROKERS on appropriate language use make us the reliable partner project setup, alignment and update processes. The optional TM B for providing high-qual ty translations into Bulgarian, Layout Engine can automatically re-size Windows dialogs Czech, Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, and so reduces engineering costs. Automation and integra- Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian and Ukrainian. tion technologies provide users the means to adapt quickly to Document translation service, translation, proofreading, special requirements and non-standard file formats. review, independent specialist review, legal certification of PASS Engineering GmbH Remigiusstrasse 1, D-53111 Bonn, translated documents, webs te and software localization, Germany, 49-228-697242, Fax: 49-228-697104, E-mail: info@ localization engineering, testing, documentation localiza- passolo.com, Web: www.passolo.com See ad on page 7 The Translation Memory Brokers Languages All Description Central to most translation pro- tion, graphic design, DTP operations and pre-press review cesses today is the database that contains previously translated and printing. Our team of more than 1,000 professional ROJECT ANAGEMENT OOLS data: the translation memory (TM). The consistently growing translators, proofreaders, terminology specialists, graphic P M T size of the TM represents an ever-increasing value to you as ts designers, IT engineers and, last but not least, experienced owner. By the same token, it becomes increasingly attractive to project managers is our most significant asset. Projetex: Project Management Software TM buyers from the same industry to either jump-start a TM ACP Traductera Na Vysluni 201/13, Prague 10, Czech Republic, 420- for Translation Agencies or complement it with proven, industry-specific translations. 384-361-300, Fax: 420-384-361-303, E-mail: info@traductera Windows Through TM Marketplace, this asset can now provide an .com, Web: www.traductera.com See ad on page 24 Language English Description Projetex 2006 is time-tested, immediate return on investment through licensing to other multiuser project management software for translation parties. As TM brokers, TM Marketplace connects corporate agencies. It is effectively used by managing directors, proj- owners of translation assets with parties who want to license ect managers, accountants, in-house translators, human and benefit from those linguistic resources. resources managers and sales managers in 150+ small TM Marketplace LLC 319 North 1st Avenue, Sandpoint, ID 83864, and medium-sized translation agencies around the world. 208-265-9465, 888-533-7886, Fax: 208-263-6310, E-mail: info@tm Current deployments range from 2 to 100 workstations, w th marketplace.com, Web: www.tmmarketplace.com See ad on page 51 Technology Translations and Software Localization tested capacities of up to 500. Does not require additional Languages Chinese, Japanese, Korean and major European components. Includes built-in AnyCount (word and char- RAINING & EMINARS languages Description Arial Global is a US-based localiza- acter count software) and CATCount (computer-assisted T S tion company. Since 1993, we have translated and localized translation tool for easy word count). Reasonable pricing, The Localization Institute technical manuals and software for some of the best-known fast implementation time and free technical support. Languages All Description The Localization Institute pro- US and European technology firms in the world, all with the Advanced International Translations, Ltd. Suite 1, Tolstogo 15 Street, vides training, seminars and conferences for the global greatest precision, on time and on budget. We are known for 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine, 380-44-288-11-45, Fax: 380-44-288-11-52, E- localization community. Best known for its four annual local- our meticulous quality and uncompromising standards, and mail: [email protected], Web: www.projetex.com ization roundtables, the Institute’s events train localization that’s why companies such as Intel have chosen to partner professionals and promote the sharing of experience and infor- w th Arial Global for more than a decade. ESEARCH mation. Seminars include “Mult lingual Websites,” “Writing and Arial Global, LLC 1820 East River Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ R Designing for an International Audience,” “Localization Project 85718, 307-587-2557, Fax: 307-587-7448, E-mail: globalsales@ Management,” “Advanced Localization Project Management,” arialglobalreach.com, Web: www.arialglobalreach.com “Designing International Web and User Interfaces,” “Writing Software for Win32API,” “Introduction to Localization,” “Tools Celer Soluciones, S.L. and Technologies for Localization/Internationalization,” “QA Translation — Technology — Quality of Global Products,” “Implementing a Translation Memory Languages All major European languages Description Celer Process” and “Introduction to Unicode.” See our website for Soluciones provides suitable solutions to ensure we meet Make Our Knowledge Your Power deta ls. Most seminars are available in-house. our clients’ objectives. We study their documentation Description Common Sense Advisory is a research and The Localization Institute 4513 Vernon Boulevard, Suite 11, requirements; produce translations that are adapted to spe- consulting firm committed to improving the qual ty of Madison, WI 53705, 608-233-1790, Fax: 608-441-6124, E-mail: cific markets and cultures; and prepare an end product in international business and the efficiency of the online and [email protected], Web: www.localizationinstitute.com DTP or printed format in accordance with the demands of See ad on page 9 offline operations that support t. We provide independent each project. Specialized fields include software localization; research, executive sales and management workshops, and engineering and technology; life sciences; and institutional- business consulting to help companies make informed deci- RANSLATION ERVICES corporate sector. Three elements of fundamental impor- sions about the technology, business services and organiza- T S tance are developed and combined at Celer Soluciones: tional structures on which a global enterprise depends. Of translation — good translation practice; technology — use course, keeping abreast of the fast pace of a global economy, of suitable computer-assisted translation, file-handling and whether you are a vendor or a buyer, is difficult, at best. Get management tools; quality — quality in our client relations, accurate information. Profit in a global market. Contact quality of project management and quality of the docu- Common Sense Advisory today. mentation produced. Common Sense Advisory, Inc. 100 Merrimack Street, Suite 301, 2tr Soluções Globais Celer Soluciones, S.L. Plaza de España, 12, 28008 Madrid, Spain, Lowell, MA 01852, 866-510-6101, E-mail: info@commonsenseadvisory Language Brazilian Portuguese Description Firmly com- 34-91-540-0540, Fax: 34-91-541-9259, E-mail: [email protected], .com, Web: www.commonsenseadvisory.com See ad on page 10 mitted to providing top-quality services, 2tr is backed by Web: www.celersol.com See ad on page 68

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process that is both robust and completely scalable, ensuring your projects are finished on time and within budget. For more information on how we can help meet your translation require- ments or for a quote on your next translation project, please contact us directly or visit our website at www.fxtrans.com CETRA, Inc., Language Solutions Eriksen Translations Inc. ForeignExchange Translations 411 Waverley Oaks Road, Suite 315, Languages All Description CETRA gives you peace of mind Languages All Description Eriksen Translations Inc. is a lead- Waltham, MA 02452, 866-398-7267, 781-893-0013, Fax: 781- because it delivers high-quality, on-time, cross-cultural com- ing provider of multilingual services, including translation, 893-0012, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.fxtrans.com See munications and professional, friendly, responsive service. interpreting, typesetting, project management, web localiza- ad on page 40 CETRA follows the ASTM Quality Assurance in Translation tion and cultural consulting. For 20 years, Er ksen has helped and Language Interpretation Services standard guides. As a broad range of organizations in both the public and private a member of the US delegation to ISO, CETRA is actively sectors excel across print, desktop and web environments involved in developing an international translation quality in the domestic and global marketplace. With a worldwide standard. CETRA is involved in the language industry at the network of over 5,000 linguists, a commitment to leading highest level, with the company president serving in leadership technologies, and an in-house staff dedicated to tailoring our positions at the American Translators Association, American proven project management process to the individual needs Hermes Traducciones y Foundation for Translation and Interpretation, and Fédération of each client, Eriksen is your globalization partner. Servicios Lingüísticos, S.L. Internationale des Traducteurs. Eriksen Translations Inc. 32 Court Street, 20th Floor, Brooklyn, NY Languages Spanish, Portuguese (Continental and Braz lian), CETRA, Inc. 7804 Montgomery Ave., Suites 8-10, E kins Park, PA 11201, 718-802-9010, Fax: 718-802-0041, E-mail: info@er kseninc .com, Web: www.er kseninc.com English, French, Italian, German and other languages on de- 19027, 215-635-7090, 888-281-9673, Fax: 215-635-6610, E-mail: mand Description Established in 1991, Hermes Traducciones [email protected], Web: www.cetra.com is a leading Spanish translation company, specializing in soft- ware and hardware localization and also undertaking a broad range of other translation projects. Comprehensive in-house translation teams include translators, reviewers and linguists with an expertise in Spanish and Portuguese, a knowledge of CAT tools, and a comm tment to deliver cost-efficient, reliable EuroGreek Translations Limited and high-quality services to customers. Hermes Traducciones Conversis Language Greek Description EuroGreek Translations is a member of the International Committee for the creation Languages All Description Founded in 2003, Conversis is a Lim ted is Europe’s number one Greek production house, of the European Quality Standard for Translation Services. UK-based leading provider of globalization, international- specializing in technical and medical translations from Hermes Traducciones also organizes university courses on ization, localization and translation (GILT) services, tailoring English into Greek and from Greek into English. EuroGreek’s localization and translation. business needs to each company’s relevant markets worldwide. aim is to provide high-quality, turnkey solutions, encom- Hermes Traducciones y Servicios Lingüísticos, S.L. C/ Cólquide, Conversis offers a full range of global linguistic services, from passing a whole range of client needs, from plain transla- 6 - planta 2 - 3.oI, Edifi cio “Prisma”, 28230 Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain, high-quality translation of marketing collateral and techni- tion to desktop/web publishing to localization development 34-916-407640, Fax: 34-916-378023, E-mail: hermestr@hermes cal documentation to localization of software and websites. and testing. Over the years, EuroGreek’s services have been trans.com, Web: www.hermestrans.com See ad on page 28 Serving clients in more than 30 markets worldwide, Conversis extended to cover most subject areas, including German and partners with industry and linguistic experts to deliver return French into Greek translation services. All of EuroGreek’s ISO 9001:2000-Certified Translation Services on investment for clients’ global business needs. work is proofread by a second in-house specialist and is fully Languages All major languages Description Idem Transla- Conversis Bignell Park Barns, Chesterton, Bicester, Oxfordshire, OX26 guaranteed for quality and on-time delivery. tions, Inc., is a full-service translation/localization com- 1TD UK, 44-845-450-0805, Fax: 44-845-450-0806, E-mail: info@ EuroGreek Translations Limited pany, specializing in the life sciences, legal and IT industries conversisglobal.com, Web: www.conversisglobal.com See ad on page 16 London 27 Lascotts Road, London, N22 8JG UK since 1983. Our expert translation teams combine linguistic Athens EuroGreek House, 93 Karagiorga Street, Athens 16675, excellence with strong backgrounds in a variety of fields. Greece, 30-210-9605-244, Fax: 30-210-9647-077, E-mail: production@ We maintain specialized client glossaries and memory data- eurogreek.gr, Web: www.eurogreek.com See ad on page 63 bases to ensure consistent terminology. Our ISO 9001:2000- certified translation and quality processes guarantee a service that meets the highest industry standards. We offer a unique combination of industry-specific experience, knowledgeable Decoder Plus Ltd translation teams and friendly, client-oriented service. Languages All Asian languages Description Decoder Plus is Idem Translations, Inc. 550 California Avenue, Suite 310, Palo Alto, CA 94306, 650-858-4336, Fax: 650-858-4339, E-mail: info@idem a highly trusted language service provider in Hong Kong, the translations.com, Web: www.idemtranslations.com See ad on page 63 gateway to mainland China and Asia. Since our establish- Follow-Up Translation Services ment in early 2000, we have provided solutions for Asian Languages English, Braz lian Portuguese, Latin American language requirements to translation/localization compa- Spanish Description With more than 17 years of experi- nies, multinational corporations, listed companies and gov- ence, we know exactly how to help your products and docu- ernment departments from over 25 countries in Asia Pacific, ments penetrate South American markets faster and more North America and Europe. We offer translation, editing, efficiently. Trust our expertise and leave your software/web- proofreading, web localization, software localization and s te localization with us. Follow-Up gathers a select group multilingual DTP services at compet tive prices. Fields of of translation, localization, DTP, engineering and project KERN Global Language Services expertise include IT, telecommunications, business, finance, management specialists to always exceed your company’s Your language partner banking, legal affairs/contracts, marketing, education and requirements of high quality and time-to-market. Our Languages All Description KERN Global Language Services manufacturing as well as all areas of science and technology. areas of expertise include IT, telecom, finance, ERP, market- is a leading provider in the area of global communica- Decoder Plus Ltd 16/F Cheung Kong Center, 2 Queen’s Road, Central, ing, medicine and pharmaceuticals. tion with over 35 offices worldwide. With more than 30 Hong Kong, 852-2992-0656, Fax: 852-2992-0434, E-mail: mail@ Follow-Up Av. Presidente Wilson 165, Sala 1308, Rio de Janeiro, years of experience, our services include translation and decoderplus.com, Web: www.decoderplus.com RJ 20030-020 Brazil, 55-21-2524-2994, Fax: 55-21-2210-5472, interpreting in all languages; software, multimedia and E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.follow-up.com.br See ad website localization; terminology management; multi- on page 19 lingual desktop publishing; and individual and corporate language training in all major languages. KERN has estab- lished itself as a preferred insourcing and outsourcing Now available from solution provider for language services. We serve clients MultiLingual Press in all industry sectors, including the automotive, medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, IT and indus- Bill Hall’s four-part tries. To learn more about us, please visit www.e-kern.com ForeignExchange Translations KERN Global Language Services Languages 42 languages and growing Description Foreign- USA 230 Park Avenue, Suite 1517, New York, NY 10169, 212-953- Globalization Handbook for Exchange is the global leader in providing translation services 2070, Fax: 212-953-2073, E-mail: [email protected] to life sciences companies. We work with many of the biggest Europe Kurfuerstenstrasse 1, 60486 Frankfurt/Main, Germany, 49- the Microsoft .NET Platform 69-7560730, Fax: 49-69-751353, E-mail: [email protected] pharmaceutical companies, medical-device manufacturers, China Right Emperor Commercial Building, Unit B, 11/F, 122-126 biotech companies and CROs. Our proprietary Multilingual Wellington Street, Central, Hong Kong, SAR China, 852-2850-4455, www.multilingual.com/eBooks Compliance Process combines expert linguists, best-of- Fax: 852-2850-4466, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.e-kern.com breed technology and measurable translation qual ty in a See ad on page 54

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translation-related services to manufacturers of medical translation industry. Neotech is leading the drive to continu- devices, instruments, in vitro diagnostics and software; phar- ously develop translation market standards and to implement maceutical and biotechnology companies; medical publish- new levels of business and interpersonal communications ers; national and international medical organizations; and into the translation industry w thin Russia and abroad. other customers in the medical sector. Projects include the Neotech 23/1 Matrosskaya Tishina, Moscow, Russia, 7-495-787- Lido-Lang Technical Translations translation of documentation for medical devices, surgi- 3331, Fax: 7-495-787-1189, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www .neotech.ru See ad on page 31 Languages All Description Established in Poland in 1991, cal instruments, hospital equipment and medical software; Lido-Lang has expertise in technical translations into Central medical information for patients, medical students and phy- and Eastern European languages. We also possess in-depth sicians; scientific articles; press releases; product launches; experience in the following fields: economics, law, medicine clinical trial documentation; medical news; and articles and IT, providing translations in nearly all European and from medical journals. Asian language combinations. Our global network of more MediLingua Medical Translations BV Poortgebouw, Rijnsburger- weg 10, 2333 AA Leiden, The Netherlands, 31-71-5680862, Fax: 31- than 1,000 approved and highly qualified translators, our 71-5234660, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www comprehensive project management processes that cover .medilingua.com See ads on pages 41, 61 One Planet translations, proofreading, editing and desktop publishing Languages All Description What makes One Planet differ- (QuarkXPress, InDesign, PageMaker, FrameMaker), and ent? A deep understanding of corporate culture. Our clients our experience w th CAT tools (TRADOS, SDLX) allow us require accuracy, measurable productivity and excellence in to provide a premium quality service in accordance with the communication. How can one firm specialize in areas such provisions of ISO 9001:2000 standard to which we were certi- as high technology, medical products and technical manu- fied in May 2005. the medical information company facturing? By blazing the path in translation since 1979, we Lido-Lang Technical Translations ul. Walerego Slawka 3, 30-653 ut lize knowledgeable translators in the United States, Europe Krakow, Poland, 48-12-2546-123, Fax: 48-12-2546-122, E-mail: mt-g — the medical information company and Asia in every field and every specialty. Services include offi [email protected], Web: www.lidolang.com Languages All Description mt-g is the leading provider technical translation, software localization and mult lingual of translations and global information services dedicated website development. Our customers from Ametek to Unisys to the medical science. We specialize primarily in medical like the fact that we function as an extension of their teams. technology and diagnostics, regulatory affairs, dental medi- One Planet 820 Evergreen Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15209, 888-677- cine and other specialist medical fields. We offer a range 1010, Fax: 412-632-1071, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www of professional services covering translation, information .one-planet.net production, global information management and XML documentation applications. At its head office in Ulm and LinguaLinx Language Solutions, Inc. its branch in Munich, 31 salaried staff deliver solutions for Languages All Description LinguaLinx is a full-service trans- information processes in medical science. More than 450 lation and localization agency specializing in the adaptation medical and pharmaceutical experts in over 100 countries of marketing and communications materials into most of the are engaged in translating, producing, managing and docu- world’s languages. Our enterprise language solutions range menting medical information. from glossary development and maintenance to translation Translation and localization into Polish mt-g medical translation GmbH & Co. KG Eberhard-Finckh- Language Polish Description Ryszard Jarza Translations is an memory deployment and global content management. In Strasse 55, 89075 Ulm, Germany, 49-731-17-63-97-0, Fax: 49-731- today’s highly competitive global environment, it is becoming established provider of specialized Polish translation, local- 17-63-97-50, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.mt-g.com See ad ization and DTP services, primarily for life sciences, IT, auto- increasingly difficult to differentiate one translation agency on page 34 from another. We stand apart by taking the most proactive motive, refrigeration and other technology sectors. We work approach to quality in the industry, utilizing stringent project with mult language vendors and directly w th documentation management procedures, offering one of the most aggressive departments of large multinational customers. Our in-house rate structures available and applying a sincere dedication to team (12 full-time specialists) is comprised of experienced providing the best possible service. linguists with medical, engineering and IT backgrounds. We LinguaLinx Language Solutions, Inc. 650 Franklin Street, Suite guarantee a high standard of qual ty while maintaining flex- 502, Schenectady, NY 12305, 518-388-9000, Fax: 518-388-0066, ibil ty, unparalleled responsiveness and reliab lity. E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.lingualinx.com NCS Enterprises, L.L.C. Ryszard Jarza Translations ul. Barlickiego 23/22, 50-324 Wroclaw, LanguagesAll Description W th NCS you’ll find that the focus Poland, 48-601-728018, Fax: 48-71-3414441, E-mail: info@jarza is on our clients and their translation projects. From the small- .com.pl, Web: www.jarza.com.pl See ads on pages 47, 63 est product label requiring desktop publishing to the largest, multilingual, online help text, our project managers will make the process smooth and painless. We find the right team of native-speaker professional translators and editors with McElroy Translation industry-specific knowledge for each project. Our working Languages All Description If you could design one, what knowledge of all types of software makes sure the translations would your ideal translation vendor be like? Your ideal trans- are delivered as required. Even with being ISO 9001:2000- Skrivanek Translation Services lation vendor would, above all, give you more peace of mind compliant and using the latest technology, it’s about the Languages All, with a focus on Central and Eastern Europe at the end of the day. Maybe your ideal translation vendor people, communication and comm tment to service. Call us Description Skrivanek is a world leader in the provision focuses on helping you use translation to achieve a competi- at 412-278-4590 to see how this translates into quality. of language services, specifically translations spanning a tive advantage in the global marketplace by improving turn- NCS Enterprises, L.L.C. 1222 Hope Hollow Road, 2nd Floor, multitude of languages and the localization of products for Carnegie, PA 15106, 412-278-4590, Fax: 412-278-4595, E-mail: around times, cost savings, communication, product quality [email protected], Web: www.ncs-pubs.com maximum effect and achievement on international markets. and workflow processes? McElroy empowers you to design Established in the Czech Republic in 1994, t quickly domi- communication and processes around schedules and proj- nated the Central European translation market, creating a ect benchmarks that optimally meet your needs. McElroy’s network of outlets stretching across 51 c ties around the clients have found their expectations met and exceeded for world. Its staff of professional translators, experienced proj- almost 40 years. Now, that’s peace of mind. ect managers, and dedicated software engineers and pro- McElroy Translation 910 West Avenue, Austin, TX 78701, 800-531- grammers has enabled Skrivanek to provide translation and 9977, 512-472-6753, Fax: 512-472-4591, E-mail: quotes@mcelroy localization services in any conceivable language, building translation.com, Web: www.mcelroytranslation.com See ad on page 13 Neotech up, in the process, an enviable clientele. Skrivanek’s quality Languages From major European languages into Russian, of service is backed by EN ISO 9001:2001 certification. Ukrainian, Kazakh and Azeri Description Neotech is the Skrivanek Translation Services, Ltd. Nad Zaloznou 499/6, 180 00 largest translation company in Russia and CIS countries, Prague 8, Czech Republic, 420-233-320-560, Fax: 420-224-321- offering a full range of linguistic services to global corpora- 556, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.skrivanek.com tions. Neotech is the first translation company on the Russian market that has certified its quality management system to Medical Translations Only international ISO 9001:2000 standards. Neotech’s key areas Index of Chinese LanguagesAll European languages and Japanese Description of expertise are in the oil and gas industries, auto manu- Characters With Attributes MediLingua is one of the few medical translation specialists facturing, information technologies and telecommunica- in Europe. We only do medical. We provide all European tions. The business techniques introduced and applied by www.multilingual.com/eBooks languages (31 today and counting) and Japanese as well as the company currently serve as the best practice w thin the

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language pairs new releases: Arabic-French/Arabic-Ger- Translation Memory (TM) with best-in-class terminology man/Turkish-German. Translation Memory: Statistical par- management. The unique and revolutionary text align- allel corpora-based system decoupled/integrated with MT. ment capabilities of the TextBase TM allow unlocking lin- Webtrans: Web page translation — target language page guistic assets by rapidly creating very large TextBase TMs reconstructed w th hyperlinks, images, applets, objects and and extracting relevant terminology. MultiTrans 4 deploys Syntes Language Group, Inc. embedded scripts. MT API: For MT system integration (all linguistic assets through desktop and centralized enter- Languages All Description Syntes Language Group is a languages w th various solutions). NameFinder: Proper prise applications for authors, project managers, in-house leading quality provider of customized language solu- noun detection (languages with no capitalization). MLIR translators and revisers, LSPs and freelancers. MultiTrans tions to business, government and professional clients. We (Multilingual Information Retrieval): retrieval of multilin- 4 is a value-added alternative to conventional TM and is deliver a full line of services in translation, interpreting and gual content, including query translation, morphological widely adopted by corporations, institutions, governments, conference coordination; product, software and website and thematic searches (geographic, personal, corporate) LSPs and freelancers in over 30 countries, including the localization; desktop publishing; multimedia production name/event combinations. Translation Bureau of the Government of Canada, several and voiceovers; and consultation in both project-specific Applications Technology, Inc. 6867 Elm Street, Suite 300, United Nations’ organizations, Ford, Pfizer and Kraft. and long-term planning for the incorporation of foreign McLean, VA 22101, 703-821-5000, Fax: 703-821-5001, E-mail: MultiCorpora 102-490 St. Joseph Boulevard, Gatineau, QC, Canada [email protected], Web: www.apptek.com language elements into your business. For 19 years, we’ve J8Y 3Y7, 819-778-7070, 877-725-7070, Fax: 819-778-0801, E-mail: offered proven expertise in all major fields of industry, [email protected], Web: www.multicorpora.com See ad on Quality Assurance Software for Translations page 4 delivered by accomplished, experienced professionals. All Windows of this means that you get the ultimate in customer care Languages All/Unicode Description ErrorSpy, a quality assur- and the best value for your project dollars. ance software for translations, generates automatically a list of Syntes Language Group, Inc. 7465 East Peakview Avenue, Centennial, CO 80111, 888-779-1288, 303-779-1288, Fax: 303-779-1232, E- potential errors (terminology, numbers, completeness, tags, mail: [email protected], Web: www.syntes.com consistency and so on). The formats supported are bilingual files, all TRADOS formats, TMX (translation memories) and German Localization Provider Transit. An evaluation report of the translation qual ty can be SDL TRADOS Technologies Language German Description At Think Global we are customized. ErrorSpy is also available as a server-based ver- Languages All Description SDL TRADOS Technologies, experts in German translation and localization for the IT sion and can be integrated into individual workflows. a division of SDL International, is the world’s largest pro- D.O.G. Dokumentation ohne Grenzen GmbH Neue Ramtelstrasse vider of trusted technology solutions for global information and telecom industries w th more than 15 years of experi- 12, D-71299 Leonberg, Germany, 49-7152-354-11, Fax: 49- ence and blue-chip references. Our team of more than 30 management (GIM), which benefit corporations and insti- 7152-354-11, E-mail: [email protected], Web: tutions, language service providers and freelance translators in-house translators and editors assures ready-to-publish www.multilingual-products.com See ad on page 11 qual ty translation, editing and proofing. English > German worldwide. SDL has over 130,000 software licenses deployed translations start at €0.13 per word, with discounts for large across the translation supply chain and has demonstrated Heartsome Translation Studio proven ROI in over 150 enterprise solution installations. contracts and agencies. DTP, engineering and testing services Multiple Platforms SDL delivers innovative software products that accelerate are also available. Languages All Description Heartsome is a new generation global content delivery and maximize language translation Think Global GmbH Schwedter Strasse 9a, 10119 Berlin, Germany, language technology and service company with a product productivity. The new launch of SDL Trados Synergy 2007 49-30-22-48-93-48, Fax: 49-30-22-48-93-52, E-mail: mlc@ strategy that is founded on our four cornerstones of efficacy: think-global.com, Web: www.think-global.com See ad on page 12 empowers enterprises to efficiently manage translation proj- genuine compliance with all open standards; completely ects across multiple suppliers and ensures total visibility of all cross platform; user-driven innovation; and no-frill mini- project elements across the entire translation supply chain. malist approach towards product embodiment design and SDL International 5700 Granite Parkway, Suite 410, Plano, TX packaging. Heartsome CAT tools went through a complete 75024, 904-683-9259, Fax: 904-683-9259, E-mail: productsales@ overhaul to bring the deployment of language technology sdl.com, Web: www.sdl.com See ad on page 88 open standards to a level far beyond those of sim lar prod- ucts in the marketplace. The all new Heartsome Translation TripleInk Multilingual Communications Studio (previously known as Heartsome XLIFF Translation Languages All major commercial languages Description As Ed tor) w ll provide a whole new experience in computer- a multilingual communications agency, TripleInk has pro- aided translation. vided industrial and consumer products companies with Heartsome Holdings Pte Ltd 190 Middle Road, #19-05 Fortune precise translation and multilingual production services for Centre, Singapore 188979, 65-68261179, Fax: 65-67220655, E-mail: audio-visual, online and print media since 1991. Our expe- [email protected], Web: www.heartsome.net See ad on page 63 SYSTRAN rience in adapting technical documentation and marketing Multiple Platforms Languages 52 language combinations Description SYSTRAN communication materials covers a wide range of industries, Idiom Technologies, Inc. is the market leading provider of language translation soft- including biomedical and health care; bu lding and con- Multiple Platforms ware products for the desktop, enterprise and internet that struction; financial services; food and agriculture; high- Languages More than 120 Description Idiom Technologies fac litate communication in 52 language combinations and tech and manufacturing; and hospitality and leisure, as well optimizes the globalization supply chain by aligning global in 20 domains. With over three decades of expertise, research as government and nonprofit organizations. Using a total enterprises, language service providers and translators. and development, SYSTRAN’s software is the choice of lead- quality management process and state-of-the-art software Award-winning WorldServer™ software solutions expand ing global corporations, portals and public agencies. Use of and equipment, our team of foreign language professionals market reach and accelerate multilingual communication SYSTRAN products and solutions enhances multilingual delivers the highest quality translations in a cost-effective with a proven platform for automating translation and localization processes. Idiom works w th global organiza- communication and increases user productivity and time- and time-efficient manner. savings for B2E, B2B and B2C markets as they deliver real- TripleInk 60 South 6th Street, Suite 2600, Minneapolis, MN 55402, tions including Adobe, Autodesk, Continental Airlines, eBay, Motorola and Travelocity to cost-effectively translate global time language solutions for search, content management, 612-342-9800, 800-632-1388, Fax: 612-342-9745, E-mail: info@ online customer support, intra-company communications, tripleink.com, Web: www.tripleink.com websites and applications, streamline software localization and delivery, and speed time-to-market for international and e-commerce. product documentation. Idiom also partners with consult- SYSTRAN ing firms, systems integrators and technology vendors to help North America 9333 Genesee Avenue, Plaza Level, Suite PL1, San TRANSLATION TOOLS Diego, CA 92121, 858-457-1900, Fax: 858-457-0648 customers achieve high-quality results and maximize exist- Europe Paroi Nord - La Grande Arche, 1, Parvis de la Défense, 92044 ing enterprise infrastructure. Paris La Défense Cedex, France, 33-825-80-10-80, Fax: 33-1-46-98- Idiom Technologies, Inc. 200 Fifth Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, 00-59, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.systransoft.com 781-464-6000, Fax: 781-464-6100, E-mail: idiom_info@idiominc See ad on page 56 .com, Web: www.idiominc.com See ad on page 66

Applications Technology, Inc. Multiple Platforms Languages All Description Machine Translation (MT) sys- tems (TranSphere): Fully automated (parsing + statistics), Solutions for Terminology, special-domain dictionary stacking/update. Language pairs: TextBase meets Translation Memory Full-text and Bitext Management English, Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Dari, Pashto, Korean, Chi- Multiple Platforms Windows and Web nese, Japanese, Hebrew, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Languages All Unicode languages Description MultiTrans 4 Languages Windows: All Roman alphabet; LogiTerm Portuguese, Russian, Polish, Ukrainian and Dutch. Cross is an innovative software solution integrating TextBase Web-Plus: Unicode Description A single software package

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to manage your terminology and databanks. Efficient and powerful multi-site, multi-currency and time zone man- Statement of Ownership, Management, and Circulation (Required by effective consultation of terms and texts. The most robust agement means it will also satisfy the largest players. 39 USC 3685) 1. Publication Title: MultiLingual. 2. Publication Num- alignment tool on the market. More consistent use of termi- The Language Technology Centre Ltd. 5-7 Kingston Hill, Kingston ber: 1523-0309. 3. Filing Date: 9/25/2007. 4. Issue Frequency: Monthly upon Thames, Surrey, KT2 7PW UK, 44-20-8549-2359, Fax: 44-20- except Apr+May, Jul+Aug, Oct+Nov bimonthly. 5. Number of Issues nology and phraseology in-house and by freelancers. Internal Published Annually: 9. 6. Annual Subscription Price: $58 in US; $85 and external repetition detection and pretranslation. The web 8974-6994, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.langtech.co.uk International. 7. Mailing Address of Known Office of Publication: 319 See ad on page 72 version allows access to your terminology, bitexts and docu- North First Avenue, Suite 2, Sandpoint, ID 83864-1403. 8. Mailing Ad- dress of Headquarters: 319 North First Avenue, Suite 2, Sandpoint, ID ments by translators, writers and subcontractors from any- 83864-1403. 9. Publisher: Donna Parrish, 319 North First Avenue, Suite where in the world. 2, Sandpoint, ID 83864-1403. Editor: Donna Parrish, 319 North First Terminotix Inc. 240 Bank Street, Suite 600, Ottawa, ON, Canada Avenue, Suite 2, Sandpoint, ID 83864-1403. Managing Editor: Laurel Wagers, 319 North First Avenue, Suite 2, Sandpoint, ID 83864-1403. 10. K2P 1X4, 613-233-8465, Fax: 613-233-3995, E-mail: termino@ Owner: MultiLingual Computing, Inc., 319 North First Avenue, Suite 2, terminotix.com, Web: www.terminotix.com See ad on page 61 Sandpoint, ID 83864-1403; Donna Parrish, 1605 Westwood Dr., Sand- point, ID 83864-6325; Charles Parrish, 1605 Westwood Dr., Sandpoint, Plunet BusinessManager ID 83864-6325. 11. Known bondholders, mortgagees and other security holders owning or holding 1% or more of total amount of bonds, mort- ORKFLOW OLUTIONS Multiple Platforms gages or other securities: None. 12: Tax Status: Has not changed during W S Languages All Description Plunet BusinessManager is the preceding 12 months. 13. Publication Title: MultiLingual. 14. Issue Date complete management solution for the translation and doc- for Circulation Data below: September, 2007. 15. Extent and Nature of Circulation (Average No. Copies Each Issue During Preceding 12 Months umentation industry. On a web-based platform, the system followed by No. Copies of Single Issue Published Nearest to Filing Date). includes business management as well as process and docu- 15a. Total number of Copies (Net press run): 3300, 4887. 15b. Legitimate ment management and integrates translation software, Paid and/or Requested Distribution: 15b1. Outside-County Paid/Request- ed Mail Subscriptions Stated on Form 3541: 977, 757. 15b2. In-County financial accounting systems and existing software envi- Paid/Requested Mail Subscriptions stated on PS Form 3541: 0, 0. 15b3. ronments for LSPs, translation and documentation depart- Sales Through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors, Counter Sales, and ments, organizations, institutions and government agencies. Other Paid or Requested Distribution Outside USPS: 1079, 1388. 15b4. LTC Worx Plunet BusinessManager impresses with its significant time Other Classes Mailed Through the USPS: 194, 163. 15c. Total Paid and/or Multiple Platforms Requested Circulation: 2250, 2308. 15d. Nonrequested Distribution by and money savings, unrivalled high adaptability to individ- Mail. 15d1. Outside-County Nonrequested Copies Stated on Form 3541: Languages All Description LTC Worx and its time-saving ual workflows, optimal qual ty control and effective project, 94, 749. 15d2. In-County as Nonrequested Copies Stated on Form 3541: philosophy of “automate what you can, control what you time and contact management. Functions include quotation 0, 0. 15d3. Nonrequested Copies Distributed Through the USPS by Other need” mean that the software adapts to the user’s needs, Class of Mail: 0, 0. 15d4. Nonrequested Copied Distributed Outside the costing, order/job/workflow management, schedule manage- Mail: 379, 923. 15e. Free Distribution Outside the Mail: 473, 1672. 15f. not the other way around. Users themselves define com- ment, document management, invoicing, financial reports, Total Distribution: 2723, 3980. 15g. Copies not Distributed: 577, 907. pany-wide and project-specific workflows to save signifi- contact management and customer acquisition. 15h. Total: 3300, 4887. 15i. Percent Paid and/or Requested Circulation: cant time and money on every step of every project from 95.99, 75.50. I certify that the statements made by me above are correct Plunet GmbH Prenzlauer Allee 214, 10405 Berlin, Germany, 49-30- and complete. Donna Parrish. Number of readers of online digital version the quotation right through to the invoice. LTC Worx is 322971340, Fax: 49-30-322971359, E-mail: [email protected], Web: (as of reported issue, in addition to print): 5319. Average Readers per suitable for any size LSP or language department, and its www.plunet.de Printed Copy: 2.95. Total Readership: 15,054, 19,735.

BACK ISSUES Back issues of MultiLingual are available for purchase. A complete list of articles in each issue and an online order form may be found at www.multilingual.com/backissues. Back issues are $10 each, including postage.

FUTURE ISSUES The 2008 Resource Directory and Editorial Index 2007 will be published in January 2008. Industry vendors may go to www.multilingual.com/annualDirectory to reserve a free line listing in the 2008 directory and also fi nd advertising information. The digital version will be searchable with live links in all ads and listings as well as links to all 2007 editorial items. Current subscribers will have access to all 2007 issues of MultiLingual and may effi ciently access information.

ADVERTISER INDEX ACP Traductera 24 Hermes Traducciones 28 Neotech 31 across Systems GmbH 2 HighTech Passport 43 Net-Translators Ltd. 26, 47 ADAPT Localization Services 62 Idem Translations, Inc. 63 OmniLingua Inc. 46 Alchemy Software Development Ltd. 87 Idiom Technologies, Inc. 66 PASS Engineering GmbH 7 Binari Sonori srl 60 KCSL Inc. 17 Ryszard Jarza Translations 47, 63 Boffi n China, Inc. 59 KERN AG 54 SAM Engineering GmbH 61 Celer Soluciones, S.L. 68 The Language Technology Centre Ltd. 72 Schaudin.com 80 Chef du Monde, S.L. 42 Language Weaver, Inc. 14 SDL International 88 Commit 48 Lingo Systems 18 STAR Group America, LLC 20 Common Sense Advisory, Inc. 10 Lionbridge 3 SYSTRAN 56 Conversis 16 The Localization Institute 9 Tek Translation International 10 CPSL 15 Localization World 75 Terminotix Inc. 61 Dokumentation ohne Grenzen GmbH 11 Logrus International Corporation 33 Think Global GmbH 12 Dtech Translation 47 McElroy Translation 13 TM Marketplace 51 E4NET 78 MediLingua Medical Translations BV 41, 61 Ushuaia Solutions 16 EuroGreek Translations Limited 63 Moravia Worldwide 58 VistaTEC 53 Follow-Up 19 mt-g medical translation GmbH 34 Welocalize 29 ForeignExchange Translations 40 MultiCorpora 4 WhP 53, 70 Heartsome Holdings Pte Ltd 63 MULTILINGUAL QA Ltd. 61

www.multilingual.com December 2007 MultiLingual | 85

76-85 Buyer'sGuide #92.indd 85 10/30/07 4:51:39 PM Jeff Allen

Sharing language data Takeaway

dictionaries, in addition to their own customer-specifi c terms. This The concept of creating shared-knowledge language means that the action of coding generally-available industry-specifi c databases has been growing over the past 15 years terminology within the format of a specifi c MT software program within several areas of the language industry. Some of was turning that terminology into company intellectual property. the initial players in this area were the Linguistic Data This is where the Terminology Base eXchange (TBX) standard and TConsortium and the European Language Resources OLIF came into play to make terminology database and glossary Association (ELRA) that were set up to foster the re- assets shareable as was done for TMs. This invokes the issue of what use of language data for training natural language can be considered as shareable terminology for a given industry versus what is customer-specifi c terminology. These points incite the processing systems. The European Commission (EC) need for a company to strategize on organizing and implementing a specifi cally participated in creating ELRA as a channel terminology build-up plan in order to share this language database through which funded human language technology capital with other organizations downstream through a terminology R&D projects would have to create re-usable language sharing cycle. Do organizations categorize and fi lter the terminol- database deliverables and distribute them. In this ogy, built up and validated through these cycles, into general terms way, it would allow for the EC to capitalize upon its versus industry-specifi c terms versus customer-specifi c terms? investments for each series of funded programs. We have also seen over the past couple of years some new initia- tives for language database sharing. The Microsoft multilingual The number of databases available in the catalogs of all such glossary, available online, is undoubtedly an impetus for standard- distribution channels has been growing over the years with ongo- ization in the IT and computing sector. It helps technicians in de- ing sales, so this does provide an indicator of its perceived value. velopment/test/support teams for their writing, and the number of However, we must remember that the use of these databases is requests on various translators’ lists for the Microsoft glossary URL limited to the statistical and other analytical derivative informa- is a clear indicator of the success of this resource. TM Marketplace tion about the speech and written language data, but not for has been encouraging the sharing of TMs. The Translation Automa- using the actual sentences for translation processing. tion User Society has also been dedicating some of its focus toward The widespread take-up of commercially available translation translation asset sharing and re-use. It appears that the computing memory (TM) tools also pushed for the need to create the Transla- fi eld seems to have benefi ted the most from the shared terminol- tion Memory eXchange (TMX) standard in order to allow clients and ogy and resources, yet is the approach of establishing, sharing and vendors alike to access (import, process, export) the content despite re-using vocabulary a conducive concept for other vertical sectors the specifi c tool they use for the translation workfl ow task. Although (fi nance, legal, energy, pharmaceutical, medical and so on)? Or is this initiative only aimed for use interoperability of the same data, this rather a limited phenomenon to the computing fi eld? Would the downstream impact includes terminology asset sharing, which the standardization of core vocabulary for the legal sector be bene- has come to the forefront of discussion in various industries (auto- fi cial to law fi rms and corporate legal departments, or would it motive, energy and so on) in sessions such as the SAE Multilingual rather dilute their competitive added value? Documentation workshops. This partly arose due to several players The MultiLingual readership has an opportunity to provide interac- in the industry who funded machine translation (MT) initiatives that tive replies to this set of questions on Blogos (www.multilingualblog included a signifi cant amount of upfront and ongoing dictionary .com). I look forward to the dialog on this topic. M work. The resulting dictionaries were completed and considered as a single deliverable being full intellectual property of the company Jeff Allen is business development director at Translations.com, that created it or had it created. Since no MT system includes all experienced in language technology and project management, possible general dictionary entries, the users of these tools learned and a member of the MultiLingual editorial board. that they must add a wide range of terminology entries from general or industry-specifi c print dictionaries into their own user-created To offer your own Takeaway, write to [email protected]

86 | MultiLingual December 2007 [email protected]

86 Takeaway #92.indd 86 10/30/07 4:53:05 PM 87 Alchemy #92.indd 87 10/30/07 4:53:43 PM Keith Laska Vice President Escalate to my manager A year in review…

“ 2007 has been devoted to Global Customer Service. We have introduced a number of initiatives to open communication channels with our customers and Denise Baldwin W/wide Product Support Manager to improve our service levels to you. We introduced Free installation webinars a democratic approach to product development, helped you educate yourself on our products and the industry and visited you in cities around the world. We have given you direct access for feedback to our management, and endeavoured to provide live free technical support through conferences, shows and Graham Bennett Senior Support Engineer web seminars. Technical representation at industry events We hope you found these customer service initiatives useful and that we have improved your experience with us. ”

Let us know how we've done this year, Tracey Byrne Training Manager and what Customer Service improvements Live user forums you would like to see in 2008: www.sdl.com/csfeedback

Gert Troch Business Consultant Coming to a city near you

Argyro Kyriakidou Marketing Programs Manager http://ideas.sdltrados.com

Paul Filkin Massimo Ghislandi Client Services Director Manager, Global Marketing Initiatives SDL TRADOS Technologies Educational web seminars Email: [email protected]

To improve is to change. To be perfect is to change many times.

Jennifer Abdel-Hadi Training Co-ordinator Tips and Tricks

8888 SDLSDL adad #92.indd#92.indd 8888 110/30/070/30/07 4:54:384:54:38 PMPM