Luca Antonio Predieri

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Luca Antonio Predieri Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav hudební vědy Hudební věda Iva Bittová Luca Antonio Predieri: Missa in C Sacratissimi Corporis Christi Magisterská diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Jana Perutková, Ph.D. 2017 Prohlašuji, že jsem práci vypracovala samostatně a pouze s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. ...................................... OBSAH PŘEDMLUVA ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 ÚVOD ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1 STAV BÁDÁNÍ .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2 LUCA ANTONIO PREDIERI .................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 ŽIVOTOPIS .............................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2 PŘEHLED DÍLA ........................................................................................................................................ 16 3 EDICE PRAMENE MISSA IN C SACRATISSIMI CORPORIS CHRISTI ......................................... 19 3.1 POPIS PRAMENE ...................................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 EDIČNÍ POZNÁMKY A TABULKY .............................................................................................................. 20 3.3 TABULKY - ZHUDEBNĚNÍ ĆÁSTÍ ORDINARIA ............................................................................................ 24 3.4 ANALÝZA MŠE ........................................................................................................................................ 26 4 EDICE: MISSA IN C .................................................................................................................................. 33 ZÁVĚR ............................................................................................................................................................... 107 PŘEDMLUVA Je to již několik let, kdy mne mé myšlenky zavedly do hloubání o tom, jak smysluplně naplnit svůj volný čas v blízké budoucnosti a efektivně si oddychnout od každodenního cvičení na housle a posunout se opět o několik kroků dál v poznávání světa. Oba moji synové právě dokončili svá vysokoškolská studia a odlétli z hnízda. Mnoho jejich probdělých nocí, kdy psali své úkoly, jsem ze svého pokojíku v přítmí prožívala a přála si, aby uspěli. Byla to pro mne zároveň velká inspirace: vrátit se zpět do mladých studijních let. Bohužel doba, ve které jsem maturovala, byla v totalitním režimu, a okolnosti tehdejších podmínek k přijetí na vysokoškolské studium mne odradily. Vrhla jsem se tedy do profesionální divadelní a hudební praxe. Veškeré získané zkušenosti za ta léta převážně hudební kariéry mi posloužily maximálně, ale přeci, jednoho dne... Po krátkém telefonním rozhovoru s mojí známou došlo k rozhodnutí přihlásit se ke zkouškám a vrhnout se do studia, věnovat se především teorii, jež je propojena s hudbou, naplnit tak veškerý svůj volný čas a prohloubit si své znalosti. Ústav hudební vědy v Brně se stal mou novou destinací. Nabitý program plný dobrodružství, získání nových poznatků nejen sebe sama, a také díky úžasným lektorům na katedře mám jedinečnou možnost doplnit kvalitně své vzdělání. Mé poděkování patří doc. PhDr. Janě Perutkové, Ph.D. za veškerou podporu, inspiraci ve výběru témat prací, její odborné posudky a skvělou komunikaci. Mgr. Vladimíru Maňasovi, Ph.D. za značné množství invence a doplnění vzácné literatury a vědomostí. Prof. PhDr. Miloš Štědroň, CSc. patří k osobnostem, ke kterým jsem od dob svého působení v Divadle Na provázku shlížela s velkým obdivem a respektem (jeho hudba k Baladě pro banditu nás spojila na celý život) a dnes mu děkuji za každou poznámku - nejen v oboru kompozice. Poděkování patří také Mgr. Petru Sloukovi za odbornou konzultaci při vypracování diplomové práce, dále pak Mgr. Miroslavu Lukešovi, který mi zkušeně poradil při práci s notačním softwarem. Upřímně děkuji Prof. MUDr. Zuzaně Derflerové Brázdové, DrSc. za prvotní impuls přihlásit se ke studiu oboru Teorie a provozovací praxe staré hudby na FFMU. Za veškerou přízeň a podporu děkuji také své rodině. 4 ÚVOD Ve své diplomové práci se snažím pokračovat v bádání o duchovních skladbách první poloviny 18. století z vybraných moravských chrámových sbírek. Je stále překvapující, jak bohatý a rozmanitý repertoár, často z per italských autorů, je možné v těchto fondech dohledat. Jako zásadní instituce se pro nás v tomto případě jeví císařský dvůr, v jehož prostředí působili skutečně vynikající italští skladatelé. Jejich skladby se pak díky šlechtě, duchovenstvu i nejrůznějším hudebníkům velmi rychle šířily do všech koutů habsburské monarchie. Jedním z takovýchto autorů byl rovněž Luca Antonio Predieri (1688–1767), který jako jeden z mnoha odešel z rodné Itálie do Vídně, kde setrval řadu let. Především odtud se pak šířily jeho skladby – mimo jiné i k nám na Moravu. Znovu oživit téměř zapomenutý opis Predieriho mše C dur pocházející z hudební sbírky známého poutního chrámu v Dubu nad Moravou je hlavním tématem předkládané diplomové práce. Mým úkolem bylo především vytvořit spartaci rukopisných materiálů k Prederiho zhudebnění mešního ordinária. Kvůli přehlednějšímu zasazení skladby do kontextu Predieriho díla a kompozičního stylu je práce doplněna rovněž o podrobný stav bádání o skladateli i jeho tvorbě. Díky možnostem dnešních hudebních edičních programů můžeme editovat party dle současné normy, nově oživenou skladbu analyzovat, a později, což je nejdůležitější z hlediska provozovací praxe, také historicky poučeně interpretovat. Ačkoliv je práce doplněna stručným Predieriho životopisem i kapitolou věnovanou jeho dochovaným dílům, její primární částí zůstává spartace skladby, opatřená edičními poznámkami, které poslouží k porovnání se zápisem pramene. 5 1 STAV BÁDÁNÍ Italský skladatel a houslista Luca Antonio Predieri (1688–1767) bývá v odborné literatuře zmiňován ponejvíce v souvislosti s žánrem opera seria, avšak pouze heslovitě. Rovněž pramenná základna k tématu není dostatečně zpracovaná. Z hlediska základních informací o skladateli a jeho díle je cenné heslo v The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, jehož autory jsou Anne Schnoebelen a Sergio Durante.1 Vedle důležitých životních dat autora přináší text také výčet autorových děl a poukazuje na jeho spolupráci s libretisty Pietrem Metastasiem (1698– 1782) a Giovannim Claudiem Pasquinim (1695–1763). Je zde rovněž zmínka o sérii dopisů psaných Predierim Padre Martinimu, které mimo jiné poukazují na přátelství mezi Predierim a kapelníkem Johannem Josephem Fuxem. Ve druhém vydání slovníku aktualizovala heslo Anne Schnoebelen, přičemž je doplnila o důležité poznatky z hlediska stylové problematiky. Zásadní je podle Schnoebelen především Predieriho kontrapunktické mistrovství, jež odpovídalo tehdejšímu vkusu císařského dvora. V závěru autorka hesla upozorňuje na skutečnost, že Predieriho galantní operní styl uplatňovaný v jeho operních kompozicích se časem proměňuje ve výrazně expresivní a vyniká zajímavou instrumentací.2 Podle některých badatelů po smrti císaře Karla VI. nebylo Predieriho dílo patřičně doceňováno. Pozměněnému vkusu publika vyhovovaly spíše operní kompozice nové generace skladatelů, jako byl Christoph Willibald Gluck nebo Niccolò Jommelli. Tato skutečnost je rovněž zmiňována v publikaci Haydn, Mozart and the Vienesse School Daniela Heartze.3 Druhé vydání encyklopedie Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart z roku 2008 přináší některé nové informace. Autorem hesla je Ludwig Finscher. Heslo je koncipováno poměrně stručně, avšak nalézáme zde cenné poznatky o Predieriho studiu houslové hry u Abondia Biniho a Tomase Antonia Vitaliho (1663–1745); rovněž o školení v kontrapunktu u Giacoma Cesara Predieriho (1671–1753) a Giacoma Antonia Pertiho (1661–1756).4 1 SCHNOEBELEN, Anne - DURANTE, Sergio. Predieri, Luca Antonio, The New Grove dictionary of Opera, edited by Stanlie Sadie, volume 3, Oxford University Press, London, 1997, s. 1089. 2 SCHNOEBELEN, Anne. Luca Antonio Predieri, The New Grove Dictionary of Music nad Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie, volume 20, Oxford University Press, 2001, s. 283. 3 HEARTZ, Daniel. Luca Antonio Predieri, Haydn, Mozart, and the Vienesse School, 1740–1780, W.W.Norton & Company, New York, 1995, s. 80. 4 MISCHIATI, Oscar - TAGLIAVINI, Luigi Ferdinando. Luca Antonio, Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, zweite Ausgabe, 2. vydání, ed. Ludwig Finscher, Persontheil 13, Bärenreiter, Kassel; New York, 2008, s. 905- 906. 6 Heslo Luca Antonio Predieri je možné nalézt také ve slovníku Dictionary-catalogue of operas and operetas Johna Towerse, který se snažil zmapovat dosud veškerá provedení jevištních děl vůbec. 5 Predieri je zde zmiňován celkem jedenáctkrát, přičemž v prvních dvou případech jsou údaje o skladateli úmrtí správné, ale všechna následující hesla uvádí chybný rok 1769. Podobně najdeme nejasnosti ohledně Predieriho úmrtí ve Wurzbachově lexikonu, a to rok 1770.6 Skladatele Wurzbach popisuje jako nadaného umělce s velkou fantazií a neobyčejnou silou a pravdivostí. Zdůrazňuje rovněž, že byl oblíben u císaře Karla VI. O působení Predieriho na císařském
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