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The Site of Tigranokerta: Status Quaestionis
Acta Ant. Hung. 56, 2016, 293–314 DOI: 10.1556/068.2016.56.3.2 MICHAŁ MARCIAK THE SITE OF TIGRANOKERTA: STATUS QUAESTIONIS Summary: This paper gives an overview of all major identifications of the site of Tigranokerta, the fa- mous foundation of the Armenian king, Tigranes II (the Great, ca. 95‒55 BCE). Firstly, the paper pre- sents ancient literary evidence; secondly, it discusses all major locations of Tigranokerta suggested to date (Siirt, Silvan, Arzan, Diyarbakιr, Tell Abad, and Kιzιltepe); and finally it reaches its own conclu- sions. It appears that in the current state of research, it is Arzan which is the most likely candidate for the site of Tigranes II’s new capital. The paper also engages with the latest archaeological excavations in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and takes issue with the identification of the site near Shahbulagh as the foundation of Tigranes the Great. Key words: Tigranokerta, Armenia, Parthia, Tigranes the Great, Mesopotamia, Arzan, Strabo, Tacitus INTRODUCTION As late as 1903, the eminent British historian Bernard W. Henderson called the iden- tification of Tigranokerta “the time-worn controversy”.1 However, since Henderson used those words, much has been written about the location of Tigranokerta, the famous foundation of perhaps the greatest Armenian king ever, Tigranes II (ca. 95–55 BCE), also known as Tigranes the Great.2 Many scholars have concluded that without proper This paper is part of my research project financed by the National Science Centre in Poland (UMO-2011/03/N/HS3/01159). The project (devoted to three regna minora of Northern Mesopotamia – So- phene, Gordyene and Adiabene) is being conducted at the University of Rzeszów under the supervision of Prof. -
Armenia Armenia
Armenia – Ancient & Modern 5 days / 4 nights Armenia is located in the southern Caucasus and is the smallest of the former Soviet republics. It is bounded by Georgia on the north, Azerbaijan on the east, Iran on the south, and Turkey on the west. Yerevan, is its capital city and Dram the official Currency. For travellers, easily visited highlights include ancient monasteries, candlelit churches and high -walled forts – leaving a lasting impression of this beautiful modernized country. Visit the beautiful cities of Yerevan & Sevan and the explore the cul tural cities of Garni & Geghard. Day 1: Arrival in Yerevan – Yerevan City tour Arrival to Yerevan, transfer to the hotel, check -in. City tour - Yerevan sightseeing including City center, Republic square, State University, City panorama, Mother Armenia Monument, Parliament, President’s Palace, Opera, Sports & Conce rt Complex . Walk in the Cascade complex, which is considered the modern art center of Yerevan, with art pieces displayed throughout the whole area: the boulevard and up the stairs, from top of which you can enjoy the panoramic view on the city and Mountai n Ararat. Cascade is home to Cafesjan modern art museum. This place becomes even more charming in the evenings, when it is full of people, both locals and tourists from all over the world, enjoying the magic and the warmth of the capital. Overnight in Yerevan. Day 2 : Tsakhkadzor – Sevan Breakfast at the hotel. Drive to Tsakhkadzor town the magical place of forested mountains (means “gorge of flowers”), short walking tour around the small town. Opportunity to go up to the mountain peaks by rope way, where you w ill catch an unforgettable gorgeous panoramic view of this part of the world (optional, at extra charge 5$ per ticket for going up the first level and back). -
Armenia ARMENIA
Armenia I.H.T. Visa: required by all. ARMENIA Duty Free: permitted goods: 400 cigaretters, 1 bottle of alcoholic beverages, a reasonable quantity of perfume for personal use, other goods up to the amount of US$500, for personal use only. Health: typhoid and polio special precautions. All water should be regarded as potentially contaminated HOTELS●MOTELS●INNS GYUMRI HOTEL ARAKS, 31 Gorki str., Gyumri, Republic of Armenia, 377501, tel: (+374312) 2-44-35 , www.arakshotel.am , email: [email protected] YEREVAN ANI PLAZA HOTEL, 19 Sayat Nova Ave, Yerevan, Yerevan 375001, Armenia,+374 10589500, [email protected] ,www.anihotel.com ARARAT HOTEL, Grigor Lusavorih, 7 , Tel.: +374 510000 , Fax: 541101 ARMA HOTEL, Norki Ayginer street, 275 , Tel.: +374 (1) 546000 , Rooms: 20, Floors: 5, Nearest metro station: "Yaritasardakan" ARMENIA 1 Ulitsa Amiriyan 375010 Jerevan Armenia Tel: +374.8852-525383 [email protected]: //www.moon.yerpi.am/armhotel/index.html 1. Amiryan Street , Yerevan, ARMENIA MARRIOTT HOTEL YEREVAN, 0010 Armenia , Phone: 374 10 599 000 , Fax: 374 10 599 001 , Sales: 374 10 599 002 , Sales fax: 374 10 599 256 , http://www.marriott.co.uk AUA BARSAM SUITES HOTEL, 8 Harapetutyan St, Yerevan, Armenia Directory 0010, Phone: 374 10-567567, Email: [email protected] , Country Dialling Code (Tel/Fax): ++374 http://www.hybusiness.com The Armenian Tourism Development Agency (ATDA),(+3741) 542303/06 AVIATRANS HOTEL Abovyan street, 4 , Tel.: +374 (1) 567228 ,Rooms: 15 , Travel [email protected] , http://www.armeniainfo.am Floors 4, Location: Nearest metro station: "Hanrapetutyan" Capital: Yerevan time: GMT + 4 BEST EASTERN METROPOL YEREVAN, 2 2 Mashtots Ave, Yerevan, and Background: An Orthodox Christian country, Armenia was incorporated into Russia Armenia 375015, Phone: 374 1-543701, Email: [email protected] , in 1828 and the USSR in 1920. -
Archeologia Pubblica in Italia, 2019 Archeologia Pubblica in Italia
STRUMENTI PER LA DIDATTICA E LA RICERCA ISSN 2704-6249 (PRINT) | 2704-5870 (ONLINE) – 211 – ARCHEOLOGIA PUBBLICA Editor-in-Chief Guido Vannini, University of Florence, Italy Scientific Board Rosa Fiorillo, University of Salento, Italy Giorgia Annoscia, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Chiara Bonacchi, University of Stirling, United Kingdom Marianna De Falco, University of Florence, Italy Caterina Giostra, Catholic University of Sacro Cuore, Italy Chiara Molducci, University of Florence, Italy Michele Nucciotti, University of Florence, Italy Fabio Pinna, University of Cagliari, Italy International Scientific Board Ignacio Arce, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Agustín Azkarate, University of the Basque Country, Spain Margherita Azzari, University of Florence, Italy Giovanna Bianchi, University of Siena, Italy Gian Pietro Brogiolo, University of Padua, Italy Andrzej Buko, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Aurora Cagnana, Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism, Italy Franco Cardini, Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa, Italy Armando De Guio, University of Padua, Italy Alberto Del Bimbo, University of Florence, Italy Dario Di Blasi, Archeologia Viva, Italy Giovanni Maria Flick, President emeritus of the Constitutional Court of Italy, Italy Enrico Giannichedda, ISCUM, Institute of History of Material Culture, Italy Paolo Giulierini, Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism, Italy Paolo Liverani, University of Florence, Italy Stefania Mazzoni, University of Florence, Italy Serge Noiret, European University Institute, Italy Marinella Pasquinucci, University of Pisa, Italy Paolo Peduto, University of Salerno, Italy Philippe Pergola, Aix-Marseille University, France Piero Pruneti, Archeologia Viva, Italy Andreina Ricci, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy Francesco Salvestrini, University of Florence, Italy Marco Valenti, University of Siena, Italy Andrea Vanni Desideri, University of Florence, Italy Giuliano Volpe, University of Foggia, Italy Titoli pubblicati 1. -
GEORGIA - AZERBAIJAN 13 Days (QATAR AIRWAYS) Departure Date: 16 Jan 2018
EXPERIENCE ARMENIA - GEORGIA - AZERBAIJAN 13 Days (QATAR AIRWAYS) Departure Date: 16 Jan 2018 Itinerary Hari 1: 16 Jan 2018 JAKARTA – DOHA | QR 955 CGK-DOH 23.25 – 04.40+1 Malam hari ini para peserta berkumpul di Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta untuk penerbangan menuju Baku di negara Azerbaijan. Bermalam di pesawat. Hari 2: 17 Jan 2018 L, D DOHA – BAKU | QR 251 DOH-GYD 06.45 – 10.50 Baku adalah ibukota sekaligus kota terbesar dari negara Azerbaijan. Pagi menjelang siang hari tiba di Baku, Anda langsung dijemput dan diantar untuk city tour dengan mengunjungi MEMORY ALLEY untuk melihat keindahan kota Baku dari atas MARTYRS LANE. Kemudian diajak mengunjungi SHIRVANSHAHS PALACE sebuah istana abad ke-15 yang dibangun oleh Shirvanshah dan digambarkan oleh UNESCO sebagai "salah satu mutiara arsitektur Azerbaijan" dan MAIDEN TOWER. Malam hari diantar menuju hotel untuk bermalam. Hotel: Holiday Inn Hotel Baku atau setaraf Hari 3: 18 Jan 2018 B, L, D BAKU – GOBUSTAN - ABSHERON - BAKU Sebuah bukit dan gunung yang menempati ujung tenggara pegunungan Kaukasus di Azerbaijan, terutama di lembah Sungai Jeyrankechmaz, di antara sungai Pirsagat dan Sumgait yang bernama GOBUSTAN NATIONAL PARK yang bernama PETROGYLPHS. Lalu Anda akan diajak untuk mengunjungi ATESHGAH FIRE TEMPLE dan YANARDAG yang memiliki arti gunung api. Pada abad ke-13, ketika Marco Polo mengunjungi kota Baku di Persia saat itu, dia menyebutkan banyak api misterius yang dapat ditemukan di seluruh wilayah di berbagai tempat di Absheron Peninsula. Selesai tour Anda akan diantar kembali menuju hotel untuk beristirahat. Hari 4: 19 Jan 2018 B, L, D BAKU – SHEMAKHA – SHEKI Shemaka adalah kota yang memiliki warisan yang sangat kaya dan telah memberikan latar belakang pada berbagai peristiwa politik besar sepanjang dua milenium eksistensi. -
July 31, 2021 $2.00
THE ARMENIAN MIRRORc SPECTATOR Since 1932 Volume LXXXXII, NO. 2, Issue 4694 JULY 31, 2021 $2.00 Ambassador Says Senator Chris Van Hollen: ‘You Know A Good Ambassa- US Rejects Use of dor When You See One’ By Haykaram Nahapetyan Force in Border Mirror-Spectator Video Correspondent POTOMAC, MD — On Wednesday, July Delimitation 21, 2021 Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) YEREVAN (Arka) — U.S. Ambassador wrapped up his working meetings early to Armenia Lynne Tracy visited on July 26 in order to go to community activist and the Gegharkunik province, which has ex- Armenian Assembly of America’s board tended border with Azerbaijan, Armenian member Annie Simonian-Totah’s beautiful Defense ministry reported. It said the Am- residence for a farewell party for Varuzhan bassador was accompanied by representa- Nersesyan, the ambassador of Armenia to tives of the ministry. the United States. Finishing his tenure in The commander of a military unit, Major Washington, D.C., Nersesyan is ready to General Arayik Harutyunyan informed the depart to London to his new assignment as Ambassador about the situation on the Ar- the next ambassador of the Republic of Ar- menian-Azerbaijani border, after which the menia to the United Kingdom. ambassador and the accompanying persons see FAREWELL, page 10 visited a border section near Verin Shorzha village. On the Path to Integration: The First Armenian Mural in Burbank Unveils Armenian-American Identities. Story on page 12 The ambassador cuts his farewell cake together with his wife and daughter, US Ambassador to Armenia Lynne Aliyev Rules Out Talks with Annie Totah, at right, applauding Tracy at the Gegharkunik border region Azadian’s Newly Published Tracy reiterated the United States’ con- On Karabakh Settlement Anthology of Baikar cern over incidents on the Armenian-Azer- MOSCOW (RFE/RL) — Azerbai- must not be allowed,” he said. -
Armenia Investment Map 2018 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
October 2018 Yerevan, Armenia 1 General Information 1 1.1. Geography and natural resources 2 1.2. Population 2 1.3. Education and Science 4 1.4. Political system 5 1.5. Geopolitical environment 6 1.6. Visitor information 7 2 Economy 8 2.1 Macroeconomic environment and trends 8 2.2 Business environment 12 3 Key investment and value creation themes by sector 17 3.1 Agriculture 17 3.2 Food processing and beverages 20 3.3 Tourism 22 3.4 Mining and Quarrying 24 3.5 Construction and Real Estate 26 3.6 Financial Services 28 3.7 Energy 30 3.8 IT and Engineering 32 3.9 Health Care and pharmaceutical 34 3.10 Retail and Trade 36 3.11 Textile and Leather products 38 4 Entry points, opportunities and risks 40 5 Exit options 41 6 EV Consulting 42 Armenia Investment Map 2018 1 GENERAL INFORMATION Fast facts Full name: The Republic of Armenia Population: 2 .9 mln (as of April 1,2018) Capital: Yerevan Area1: 29.743 sq. km (11.5 sq. miles) Major languages: Armenian (native), Russian, fast spreading English Major religion: Christianity Life expectancy: 71.6 years (men), 78.3 years (women) Monetary unit: Armenian dram (AMD) Exchange rate Average for 2017: 482.7 AMD/USD As of June 1, 2018: 482.86 AMD/USD Main exports: Copper ore, cigarette produce, brandy, precious and non- precious metals, diamonds, textile produce, electricity, foodstuff System of law Continental. Foreign court decisions can be enforced based on the principle of reciprocity, and foreign arbitral award can be enforced based on the New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards. -
Falsification Advanced on a State Level
Babken H. Harutyunyan Member correspondent of AAS RA Falsification Advanced on a State Level The Azerbaijani president’s chief of staff, Ramiz Mehtiyev’s “Goris 2010, A Season of the Theatre of the Absurd” political juggling act Following President Serge Sargsyan's speech on October 16, 2010 in the city of Goris in front of representatives of Diasporan Armenian media, a “report” was placed on Azerbaijan’s electronic media sites (Trend.az, Day.az, etc.,) on October 29 in the name of academician Ramiz Mehtiyev, the Azerbaijani president’s chief of staff, which evolved into a separate extensive booklet entitled, “Goris 2010, A Season of the Theatre of the Absurd,1” which was in fact an “official response” to the Armenian president's proposed historical arguments. It begins with political accusations and ends with a rather extensive historiographical statement, which undoubtedly is a condensed version of previous Azerbaijani falsifications surrounding Armenia and the history of the Armenian people. 1. Symptoms of memory loss It is indicative that although until recently, successive leaders of the Republic of Armenia have avoided the temptation of responding to official Baku’s questionings of historical issues, while father and son Alievs, in their public statements have on many occasions demanded from their own historians to create works “to prove” that not only Mountainous Karabakh but also the present lands of the Republic of Armenia have been Azerbaijani territory. A party to all of this, a philosopher by training, Ramzi Mehtiyev2 in the very first sentences of his publication, “Goris 2010, a Season of the Theatre of the Absurd,” has turned reality upside down. -
SHIRAK Region (Shiraki Marz)
NATURAL ARMENIA Travel Guide® – Special Edition Lori Marz: page 2 of 48 - TourArmenia © 2007 Rick Ney ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - www.TACentral.com Travel Guide® – Special Edition Lori Marz: page 3 of 48 - TourArmenia © 2007 Rick Ney ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - www.TACentral.com Travel Guide® – Special Edition With eight geographic zones, seven climate 250 mm (10 inches) a year in the lowlands to 550 NATURAL ranges, nine altitudes, sixteen soil zones, half the mm (21 inches) in the mountains. At the same ARMENIA plant species in the Transcaucasus and two-thirds ECOLOGY time, ecosystems formed by large forests in of Europe’s bird species, Armenia’s small territory Northeastern and Southern Armenia produce their is a stunning biotops region. More varieties of GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE own climates, so that the region around Haghbat By Rick Ney flora and fauna can be found per square kilometer Armenia’s rich diversity of terrain includes Dry and above Kapan can count on 50-60 inches of Maps by Rafael Torossian in Armenia than almost anywhere on earth. The Sub-Tropic, Mediterranean, Desert, Semi-Desert, precipitation annually. Most of the country's Edited by Bella Karapetian relative ease of exploring these often over-lapping Mountain Steppes, Mixed Forest, Sub-Alpine and precipitation comes from snowfall, which averages flora and fauna zones makes Natural Armenia a Alpine vegetation zones. These are further 100 cm (40 inches) in the middle mountain regions TABLE OF CONTENTS destination of its own. subdivided in to 17 specific vegetation zones. alone. There are even a few glaciers thrown in for extra INTRODUCTION (p. -
Blue Bay World Tours Armenia Itinerary
Armenia Itinerary No.Of Days: 3N/4D Tour Cost Starts From: 0 Highlights: Places covered in Armenia Tour are Yerevan city tour, Mother Armenia monument, Mt. Ararat, Cascade complex, Opera House, Northern Avenue, Republic Square, Armenian Genocide Memorial, Dilijan, Haghartsin medieval monastery, Lake Sevan, Monastery of Sevanavank on Sevan peninsula, Tsakhkadzor ski resort, Kecharis Monastery, the cave monastery of Geghard (12th-13th centuries), the Garni Pagan Temple, Dalma Garden Mall. Your accommodation will be at Yerevan for 03 Nights. DETAILED ITINERARY: DAY 01: YEREVANBlue Bay World Tours Arrival to Zvartnots International Airport at 11:55 a.m. Meet your Tour representative. Transfer to the hotel. Check in. Yerevan city tour. Visit Mother Armenia monument to get a spectacular view of majestic Mt. Ararat with panorama of central Yerevan. Take a tour to Cascade complex, Opera House, Northern Avenue and Republic Square. Visit Armenian Genocide Memorial. Overnight in Yerevan. DAY 02: YEREVAN - DILIJAN - LAKE SEVAN - TSAKHKADZOR - YEREVAN Breakfast. Drive to Dilijan. Visit Haghartsin medieval monastery. Drive to Lake Sevan. Visit monastery of Sevanavank on Sevan peninsula. Lunch. Drive to Tsakhkadzor ski resort. Visit Kecharis Monastery. Return to Yerevan. Overnight in Yerevan. DAY 03: YEREVAN - GEGHARD - GARNI - YEREVAN Breakfast. Drive to the one of the most beautiful monasteries in Armenia, the cave monastery of Geghard (12th-13th centuries, a UNESCO World Heritage Site). Visit the oldest surviving building on the territory of Armenia, the Garni Pagan Temple. Lunch in local village house with lavash baking process. Return to Yerevan. Visit Dalma Garden Mall. Overnight in Yerevan. DAY 04: YEREVAN Breakfast. Check out from hotel. -
UDC 72-032 ARCHITECTURE L.V.Kirakosyan THE
ISSN 1829-4200 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF NUACA 2017. VOLUME IV (67) UDC 72-032 ARCHITECTURE L.V.Kirakosyan THE PRESERVATION ISSUES OF THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF TIGRANAKERT IN ARTSAKH The settlement of Tigranakert in Artsakh was founded and named after Tigran the Great. The town is located in the Askeran region of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Artsakh) on the lower current of the Khachenaget River to the south of the river on the one of the comparatively low heights of the slopes of Vankasar Mountain and in the depression nearby the slope in the vicinity of the Royal Springs. The existence of water springs played crucial role for the selection of this particular location, due to this resource the issue of water supply of the city was solved. The place of the settlement was defined and archaeological excavations have already been held for 13 years1. The territory of Tigranakert in Artsakh is about 70 hectares. The main construction of the town became visible during excavations: there is Fortified area with its citadel, Central area, Antique area, antique and early Christian graveyards. Nowadays issues are related to the preservation of historical and architectural environment, the solution of which involves a number of complex activities. They are: architectural examination, original measurement and comparative analysis, strengthening and temporary preservative activities, recovery and reusage. The implementation of this complex works provides the firmness of the historic landscape; moreover it contributes to the advantageous presentation and popularization of the monuments. Keywords: Tigranakert of Artsakh, reveal, architectural examination, preservation, usage 1. Introduction Due to excavations the complex research and the preservation of Tigranakert in Artsakh became possible. -
Ad Hoc Public Report
AD HOC PUBLIC REPORT THE ARMENIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE IN ARTSAKH (NAGORNO-KARABAKH): CASES OF VANDALISM AND AT RISK OF DESTRUCTION BY AZERBAIJAN STEPANAKERT 26 JANUARY, 2021 CONTENT INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3 1. TARGETED ATTACKS ON ARMENIAN CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Holy Saviour Ghazanchetsots Cathedral in Shushi (1888) .................................................. 5 1.2. Saint John the Baptist Church (Known as "Kanach Zham") (1818), Shushi ..................... 11 1.3. Tigranakert of Artsakh (1st c. BC – 13th c. AD) ............................................................... 13 1.4. Other Cases of Azerbaijani Attacks and Vandalism Against Armenian Cultural Monuments ............................................................................................................................... 17 2. APPROPRIATION OF ARMENIAN CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE BY USE OF DISINFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 20 3. THE RULES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW TO RESPECT AND PROTECT CULTURAL PROPERTY .................................................................................................................................. 29 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................