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UDC 72-032 ARCHITECTURE L.V.Kirakosyan THE

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ISSN 1829-4200 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF NUACA 2017. VOLUME IV (67) UDC 72-032 ARCHITECTURE L.V.Kirakosyan THE PRESERVATION ISSUES OF THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF TIGRANAKERT IN ARTSAKH The settlement of Tigranakert in Artsakh was founded and named after Tigran the Great. The town is located in the Askeran region of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Artsakh) on the lower current of the Khachenaget River to the south of the river on the one of the comparatively low heights of the slopes of Vankasar Mountain and in the depression nearby the slope in the vicinity of the Royal Springs. The existence of water springs played crucial role for the selection of this particular location, due to this resource the issue of water supply of the city was solved. The place of the settlement was defined and archaeological excavations have already been held for 13 years1. The territory of Tigranakert in Artsakh is about 70 hectares. The main construction of the town became visible during excavations: there is Fortified area with its citadel, Central area, Antique area, antique and early Christian graveyards. Nowadays issues are related to the preservation of historical and architectural environment, the solution of which involves a number of complex activities. They are: architectural examination, original measurement and comparative analysis, strengthening and temporary preservative activities, recovery and reusage. The implementation of this complex works provides the firmness of the historic landscape; moreover it contributes to the advantageous presentation and popularization of the monuments. Keywords: Tigranakert of Artsakh, reveal, architectural examination, preservation, usage 1. Introduction Due to excavations the complex research and the preservation of Tigranakert in Artsakh became possible. The ruins of architectural complexes (defensive, religious, residential, economic, etc) in different parts of the city are a significant factor for the restoration of the historic environment (Fig.1). Fig.1. General view of Tigranakert 1 The traces of the town were found and archaeological excavations have been held by the expedition of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. The expedition is headed by Doctor of Historical Sciences H.Petrosyan. In separate sections the excavations were guided by archaeologists PHD in history V. Safaryan, PHD in history I. Karapetyan, PHD in history T. Vardanesova, A. Gabrielyan. In measuring process took part the students of NUACA: D. Nahatakyan, A. Araqelyan, L. Minasyan, A.Torosyan. 89 Environmental preservation efforts have already been implemented by the Archeological expedition of Artsakh in the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia and the Department of Cultural Heritage Preservation and Tourism of NKR Government. Those are: the 18th century castle was recovered and is being used as an archeological museum of Tigranakert, the area of museum has been renovated, the lighting contributes to the favorable perception of the monument, and incoherent constructions of the historical environment have been successfully dismantled (Fig.2). Fig. 2. Archeological museum of Tigranakert It would not be possible the complex research and therefore the preservation of Tigranakert in Artsakh without any financial support. “Yerkir” Union of Non-Governmental Organizations for Repatriation and Settlement has initiated and funded the exploration of Tigranakert. The costs of the expedition have been covered partially in 2007 and fully in 2008-2016 by the government of NKR. Some problems concerning Tigranakert of Artsakh have been discussed in some publications of our research group and me in republic and international conferences [1-6]. 2. Methodology and Description of the study subject Nowadays it is possible to present the general outline of the historical and cultural image of the city due to the excavations which were held in Tigranakert of Artsakh (Fig.3). 90 Fig. 3. The territory of Tigranakert in Artsakh: 1- Fortified area with its citadel, 2- Central area, 3-Antique area, 4- Antique and early Christian graveyards 91 It is also very important to implement some regulations in the archeological site. Archeological museum is working in the territory of the city, which has numerous visitors each day. In order to serve these visitors sometimes unacceptable construction work are being held here. The excavations and the research of Tigranakert is still going on discovering new monuments, but it is important to mention that the preservation of those monuments and their involvement in the tourism field is an urgent task. In the early Christian church which was found in the central block of Tigranakert in Artsakh the temporary internal and external drainage systems have been successfully installed. Activities for the security and temporary stabilization of the early Christian tomb have been implemented. Projects for reinforcement, partial restoration and reconstruction of those monuments have been drawn up. The complex researches of the church of Tigranakert in Artsakh give an opportunity to introduce the perspective of the monumnet restoration: So, based on the level of the monument preservation, to do only reinforcing and preserving activities. The preserved ruins of the church, its theoretical and comparative analysis, parallel research and its combination allow introducing the restructuring project of the new founded basilica for the first time [6]. The preservation zones of Tigranakert of Artsakh have been defined. The preservation system of the historical environment includes the zones of the city preservation, reconstruction, archeological and landscape preservation (Fig.4). Fig. 4. The preservation zones of Tigranakert City preservation zone is its whole terittory in which: a. Historical drawing, environment and panorama is preserved, 92 b. The installation of kiosks and billboards which are not directly related to the monuments are forbidden, c. The activities which are not directly related to the preservation and renovation of the monuments and archelogical site are strongly forbidden including agriculture. Construction settlement zone is near the city preservation zone. It defines such regulation which promotes and enlarges the visual perception of the city. According to those regulations all the constructions which are nor coherent with the historical environment and therefore are unacceptable are being uninstalled. Archeological zone of the city includes necropolis, which is located on the way from Stepanakert to Mardakert, the opposite side of Tigranakert. This territory includes the cultural parts which have not been excavated yet. This zone is also a preservation zone, which means that in order to start construction work archeological study should be held on. The preservation zone of Tigranakert is called to preserve the natural landscape, natural water sources of mountains and to renovate the panorama of the historical residence. Activities which are needed for the abovementioned statements: a. All the constructions which are misleading the historical landcape should be destroyed (such as buildings which have been constructed in the Soviet period and during the Karabakh war were hardly damaged), b. All the new constrctions which are not disturbing the historical and natural landscape should be allowed, c. The greenery which is natural to Tigranakert of Artsakh (such as fig trees, pomegranate trees) should be preserved, d. During the reinforcement and preservation of the excavated parts of the city, also promoting the tourism in the city, renovate the territory. Moreover, to create observation decks and pedestrian paths without damaging the historical landscape. 3. Results Scientific research findings gave an opportunity to create historical and architectural reserve of Tigranakert in Artsakh. The proposed suggestions have been directly involved in the restoration of historical and architectural environment of the city, as well as they are important for the development of the tourism field. Historical-cultural arguments given in the publication play an important role in political solution of the problem of Nagorno Karabakh. 4. Conclusions Tigranakert of Artsakh is one of the most influential landscape monuments of the Hellenistic period discovered in Transcaucasia. The complex research of the city enables to organize the promoting activities directed to the restoration and preservation of historical and cultural environment. The research of defence system of antique cities of Armenia and Tigranakert of Artsakh shows that local masters inriching beforehellenistic fortification customs with the achievements of hellenistic construction technics reached higher level and prepare a basement for medieval castle construction. The complex research of Tigranakert in Artsakh (excavations, original measurements, comparative analysis, reinforcement, partial recovery) and choice of protection is offered as a model for the research of similar landscape monuments. 93 Լ.Վ.Կիրակոսյան ԱՐՑԱԽԻ ՏԻԳՐԱՆԱԿԵՐՏ ՔԱՂԱՔԻ ՊԱՏՄԱՃԱՐՏԱՐԱՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ՄԻՋԱՎԱՅՐԻ ՊԱՀՊԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ Արցախի Տիգրանակերտը Տիգրան Մեծի անունը կրող այն բնակավայրն է, որի տեղը պարզված է և արդեն տասներկու տարի իրականացվում են հնագիտական պեղումներ: Քաղաքը գտնվում է ԼՂՀ Ասկերանի շրջանում, Խաչենագետի ներքնահովտում` գետից հարավ ընկած Վանքասար կոչվող լեռան համեմատաբար ցածր բարձունքներից մեկի վրա և այդ լանջին կից գոգավորությունում` Արքայական աղբյուրների (Շահբուլաղ)
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  • CALL for URGENT ACTION REQUEST of ESTABLISHMENT of a FACT-FINDING MISSION to NAGORNO KARABAKH Her Excellency Ms. Audrey Azoulay

    CALL for URGENT ACTION REQUEST of ESTABLISHMENT of a FACT-FINDING MISSION to NAGORNO KARABAKH Her Excellency Ms. Audrey Azoulay

    CALL FOR URGENT ACTION REQUEST OF ESTABLISHMENT OF A FACT-FINDING MISSION TO NAGORNO KARABAKH Her Excellency Ms. Audrey Azoulay Director General, UNESCO We, a group of civil society organizations, referring to the 2003 UNESCO Declaration concerning the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage, the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its two Protocols, and the UN Security Council resolution 2347 (2017), condemn the deliberate damaging and destruction of Armenian cultural and religious heritage by Azerbaijan in Nagorno Karabakh during and after the 44-day war in September- November 2020, and alert UNESCO with regard to the flagrant violations of international law, aimed at eradicating Armenian historical roots to the region and appropriating the Armenian cultural and religious heritage. We believe that the conduct of the Azerbaijani authorities demonstrates not only clear violations of international obligations per se, but a continuous torture and humiliation for the Armenian people and it is nothing short of fueling another conflict at a time when formally the state of Azerbaijan is negotiating peace. It’s noteworthy that Nagorno Karabakh is geographically small, but is host to vital heritage sites and important archaeological resources. There are an estimated 4,000 Armenian cultural sites, including 370 churches, 119 fortresses and other historical and cultural monuments in Nagorno Karabakh. The churches date from the 4th to the 21st century. The valuable archaeological sites, most notably in the ancient city of Tigranakert of Artsakh, date back to the 1st c. BC – 13th c. AD. Today at least 1,456 overwhelmingly Armenian historical and cultural monuments have fallen under Azerbaijani control, including 161 Armenian churches, the archaeological sites of Tigranakert, Azokh Paleolithic cave, the Nor Karmiravan tombs, Mirik, Keren, and architectural monuments such as palaces, bridges, and historic quarters.
  • Генеральная Ассамблея Совет Безопасности Семьдесят Пятая Сессия Cемьдесят Шестой Год Пункты 34, 70, 71, 72 И 135 Повестки Дня

    Генеральная Ассамблея Совет Безопасности Семьдесят Пятая Сессия Cемьдесят Шестой Год Пункты 34, 70, 71, 72 И 135 Повестки Дня

    Организация Объединенных Наций A/75/739–S/2021/124 Генеральная Ассамблея Distr.: General 11 February 2021 Совет Безопасности Russian Original: English Генеральная Ассамблея Совет Безопасности Семьдесят пятая сессия Cемьдесят шестой год Пункты 34, 70, 71, 72 и 135 повестки дня Предотвращение вооруженных конфликтов Ликвидация расизма, расовой дискриминации, ксенофобии и связанной с ними нетерпимости Право народов на самоопределение Поощрение и защита прав человека Ответственность по защите и предупреждение геноцида, военных преступлений, этнических чисток и преступлений против человечности Письмо Постоянного представителя Армении при Организации Объединенных Наций от 9 февраля 2021 года на имя Генерального секретаря Имею честь препроводить настоящим письмо министра иностранных дел Республики Арцах (Нагорно-Карабахская Республика) Давида Бабаяна на имя Генерального секретаря, касающееся судьбы армянского культурно-историче- ского наследия, которое в настоящее время находится под угрозой полного уни- чтожения Азербайджаном после его военной агрессии против Арцаха (см. при- ложение). Прошу распространить настоящее письмо и приложение к нему в качестве документа Генеральной Ассамблеи по пунктам 34, 70, 71, 72 и 135 повестки дня и документа Совета Безопасности. (Подпись) Мгер Маргарян Посол Постоянный представитель 21-02001 (R) 180221 180221 *2102001* A/75/739 S/2021/124 Приложение к письму Постоянного представителя Армении при Организации Объединенных Наций от 9 февраля 2021 года на имя Генерального секретаря 26 января 2021 года Обращаюсь к Вам по поводу судьбы армянского культурного наследия, ко- торое в настоящее время находится под контролем Азербайджана после военной агрессии, развязанной им 27 сентября 2020 года против Республики Арцах (Нагорно-Карабахская Республика) при непосредственном участии Турции и иностранных боевиков-террористов из Сирии и Ливии. Есть серьезные основания полагать, что азербайджанские власти готовят почву для полного массового уничтожения и ликвидации артефактов армянского культурного наследия на этих территориях.
  • The Mechanisms of Azerbaijan's Usurpation of Indigenous Armenian

    The Mechanisms of Azerbaijan's Usurpation of Indigenous Armenian

    MARIANGELA VANDINI, TANIA CHINNI NATIONAL GALLERY OF ARMENIA ALMA MATER STUDIORUM – UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE CULTURAL HERITAGE Experiences & Perspectives in International Context PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROCHEMP CENTER INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 23rd- 24th of January 2020 Yerevan 2020 3 HAMLET L. PETROSYAN ETHNOCIDE IN ARTSAKH: THE MECHANISMS OF AZERBAIJAN’S USURPATION OF INDIGENOUS ARMENIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE8 HAMLET L. PETROSYAN Yerevan State University, Armenia ԱՄՓՈՓԱԳԻՐ Մ շա կու թա յին էթ նո ցիդն Ար ցա խում. Ադր բե ջա նի կող մից հայ մշա կու թա յին ժա ռան- գութ յան բռնա յու րաց ման մե խա նիզմ­նե րը: Ար ցա խի հայ մշա կու թա յին ժա ռան գութ յան բռնա յու րա ցում­ն Ադր բե ջա նի իշ խա նութ- յուն նե րի հա յա հա լած քա ղա քա կա նութ յան բաղ կա ցու ցիչ մասն է: Այն ըն թա նում է ար- տաք նա պես խճող ված, բայց ներ քուստ ճկուն մե խա նիզմ­նե րի մի ջո ցով: Հոդ վա ծում ա ռանձ նաց վում և քն նարկ վում են հետև յալ մե խա նիզմ­նե րը. ա) բռնա յու րա ցում ին տեր նա ցիո նա լիզ մի և ժո ղո վուրդ նե րի ի րա վա հա վա սա րութ յան քա րո զի ներ քո, բ) ար ցա խա հայ մշա կու թա յին ժա ռան գութ յան վե րագ րում աղ վան նե- րին, իսկ աղ վան նե րից էլ ադր բե ջան ցի նե րին, գ) վե րան վա նում, վե րօգ տա գոր ծում, ձևա փո խում, դ) ֆի զի կա կան ոչն չա ցում: Key words - Ethnocide, Armenian cultural heritage, Artsakh, atheistic propaganda, renaming, reuse, Albanization, physical destruction Բա նա լի բա ռեր - էթ նո ցիդ, հայ մշա կու թա յին ժա ռան գութ յուն, Ար ցախ, ա թեիս տա կան քա րոզ, վե րան վա նում, վե րօգ տա գոր ծում, աղ վա նա կա նա ցում, ֆի զի կա կան ոչն չա ցում It appears that scholars no longer doubt that the Azerbaijani identity was constructed during Soviet years.