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Bachelorarbeit Ii BACHELORARBEIT II Titel der Bachelorarbeit Die Auswirkungen von Yoga auf die physische und mentale Gesundheit unter besonderer Berücksichti- gung von Low Back Pain und Depression und des- sen Integration in die Physiotherapie (Doppelarbeit) Verfasserinnen Christina Bant & Lisa Kleinhappel angestrebter Akademischer Grad Bachelor of Science in Health Studies (BSc) St. Pölten, 31.01.2020 Studiengang Physiotherapie Jahrgang PT 17 Betreuerin Johanna Strempfl, PT, MA EHRENWÖRTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG Ich erkläre, dass ich die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit selbstständig verfasst, andere als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel nicht benutzt und mich auch sonst kei- ner unerlaubten Hilfe bedient habe. Dieses Bachelorarbeitsthema habe ich bisher weder im In- noch im Ausland in ir- gendeiner Form als Prüfungsarbeit vorgelegt. 31.01.2020 ……………………………….. ………………………………. Datum Unterschrift (Bant) 31.01.2020 …………………………….. ………………………………. Datum Unterschrift (Kleinhappel) I. Abstract deutsch Titel: Die Auswirkungen von Yoga auf die physische und mentale Gesundheit unter beson- derer Berücksichtigung von Low Back Pain und Depression und dessen Integration in die Physiotherapie (Doppelarbeit) Einleitung: Die Ursprünge von Yoga als traditionelle indische Lehre liegen weit in der Ver- gangenheit. Yoga kann als ganzheitliches Konzept angesehen werden, das auf physischer, psychischer und emotionaler/sozialer Ebene, Einfluss nimmt. In der Komplementär- und Alternativmedizin wird Yoga als Präventionsmaßnahme und zur Linderung von Beschwer- den eingesetzt. Low Back Pain und Depressionen oder Angstzustände sind häufige Krankheitsbilder, die auf physischer und mentaler Ebene wirken. Der Effekt von Yoga als Therapiemaßnahme bei Low Back Pain oder Depression wird in der Literatur beschrieben, jedoch wird selten Yoga der Physiotherapie direkt gegenübergestellt. Methodik: Diese Bachelorarbeit sucht Gemeinsamkeiten, Unterschiede und/oder Schnitt- stellen zwischen Physiotherapie und Yoga als ganzheitliches Behandlungskonzept. Im Rahmen von leitfadengestützten Interviews wurden Physiotherapeutinnen mit Yoga- Ausbildung und gesunde Yoga-Praktizierende in Hinblick auf Low Back Pain und/oder die mentale Gesundheit befragt, die Antworten transkribiert und in den Ergebnissen in Form eines Kategorienschemas präsentiert. Die verschiedenen Perspektiven der befragten Personen zum Nutzen von Yoga wurden dann im Rahmen einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse für die jeweiligen Forschungsfragen zu- sammengeführt, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede abgeleitet und diskutiert. Ergebnisse: Sowohl die befragten Physiotherapeutinnen als auch die Yoga-Praktizieren- den berichteten positive Effekte von Yoga auf die physische und mentale Gesundheit. In Kombination mit Physiotherapie integriert Yoga im Sinne der Ganzheitlichkeit wichtige Ele- mente, die nur mit physiotherapeutischen Maßnahmen nicht zu erreichen sind. Die Indika- tionen und mögliche Kontraindikationen sind zu beachten. Weitere wichtige Punkte sind das Eingehen auf die Individualität der Personen, die Adaption der Yoga-Inhalte und die Auswahl eines geeigneten Settings (Einzel/Gruppe). I Schlussfolgerung: In Anbetracht der Literatur und der Ergebnisse der Interviews hat Yoga Einfluss auf die physische und psychische Gesundheit. Die Ganzheitlichkeit und Globalität von Yoga kann durch die Integration dessen in die Physiotherapie die Therapieeffekte ver- stärken und für nachhaltiges körperliches und mentales Wohlbefinden sorgen. Schlagwörter: Yoga, Yoga-Therapie, Physiotherapie, Low Back Pain, lumbaler Rücken- schmerz, Depression, Angst, physische Gesundheit, mentale Gesundheit, psychische Ge- sundheit, Ganzheitlichkeit II II. Abstract englisch Title: The effects of yoga on physical and mental health with special consideration of low back pain and depression and their integration into physiotherapy (duplication of work) Introduction: The origins of yoga as a traditional Indian philosophy lie far back in the past. Yoga can be defined as a holistic concept that influences on a physical, mental and emo- tional/social level. Low back pain and depression or anxiety are common medical conditions that affect pa- tients on both, physical and mental levels. The effect of yoga as a therapeutic measure in low back pain or depression is described in the literature, but it is rarely directly compared to physical therapy. Methods: This bachelor thesis seeks commonalities, differences and/or interfaces between physiotherapy and yoga as a holistic treatment concept. Guided interviews were conducted to survey both, physical therapists with a yoga education and healthy yoga practitioners in view of low back pain and/or mental health. The answers were transcribed, and the results were visualized using a category scheme. A qualitative content analysis was performed using the different perspectives of the inter- viewees on the benefits, respectively for each research question. Similarities and differ- ences were derived and discussed. Results: Both the interviewed physiotherapists and the healthy yoga practitioners observed positive effects of yoga on physical and mental health. In combination with physiotherapy, yoga integrates important elements in the sense of holism, which cannot be achieved solely using physiotherapeutic measures. However, indications and possible contraindications must always be observed. Other important points are dealing with the individuality of the patients, the adaption of the yoga content and to choose a setting (individual/group) that fits the needs of the clients. Conclusion: Literature, as well as the outcome evaluations show that yoga has an impact on both, physical and mental health. The holism and the globality of yoga can, due to the integration of yoga into physiotherapy, strengthen the therapeutic effects and encourages sustainable physical and mental wellbeing. Keywords: yoga, yoga therapy, physiotherapy, low back pain, lumbar back pain, depres- sion, anxiety, mental health, physical health, holism III III. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung (C.B. & L.K.) .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Begriffsdefinition: Yoga und Yoga-Therapie (L.K.) ............................................. 1 1.2 Geschichte des Yoga (C.B.) .............................................................................. 1 1.3 Quellentexte des Yoga (C.B. & L.K.) ................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Upanisaden und Bhagavadgita (C.B.) .......................................................... 3 1.3.2 Acht Glieder des Yoga nach Patanjali (L.K.) ................................................ 4 1.3.3 Wege des Yoga (C.B.) ................................................................................. 5 1.3.4 Hatha Yoga (C.B.) ....................................................................................... 6 1.4 Ausgewählte Yoga-Richtungen/Yoga-Arten (L.K.) ............................................11 1.4.1 Vinyasa Yoga .............................................................................................11 1.4.2 Yoga-Therapie ............................................................................................11 1.4.3 Power Yoga ................................................................................................12 1.4.4 Iyengar Yoga ..............................................................................................12 1.4.5 Anusara Yoga .............................................................................................12 1.5 Yoga und physische Gesundheit (L.K.).............................................................13 1.5.1 Yoga und Low Back Pain ............................................................................13 1.5.1.1 Definition, Einteilung und Symptomatik ................................................13 1.5.1.2 Behandlungsmöglichkeiten ..................................................................14 1.5.1.3 Aktuelle Evidenz zur Wirkung von Yoga bei Low Back Pain ................15 1.6 Yoga und mentale Gesundheit (C.B.) ...............................................................17 1.6.1 Yoga und Depression .................................................................................17 1.6.1.1 Definition, Einteilung und Symptomatik ................................................17 1.6.1.2 Diagnostik und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten ..........................................18 1.6.1.3 Aktuelle Evidenz zur Wirkung von Yoga bei Depression ......................19 1.6.2 Yoga und Angst ..........................................................................................21 1.6.2.1 Definition, Einteilung und Symptomatik ................................................21 1.6.2.2 Diagnostik und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten ..........................................22 1.6.2.3 Aktuelle Evidenz zur Wirkung von Yoga bei Angststörung ...................23 1.7 Yoga und/oder Physiotherapie (C.B. & L.K.) .....................................................25 1.7.1 Begriffsdefinition: Physiotherapie ................................................................26 1.7.2 Physische Wirkungen von Physiotherapie und Yoga (L.K.).........................26 1.7.3 Mentale Wirkungen von Physiotherapie und Yoga (C.B.) ...........................28 1.8 Forschungsfragen und Hypothesenbildung (C.B. & L.K.) ..................................29 IV 1.8.1 Forschungsfragen .......................................................................................29 1.8.2 Hypothesenbildung .....................................................................................29
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