Etude De L'épidémiologie Moléculaire Et De L'écologie D'acinetobacter Spp

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Etude De L'épidémiologie Moléculaire Et De L'écologie D'acinetobacter Spp Etude de l’épidémiologie moléculaire et de l’écologie d’Acinetobacter spp au Liban Ahmad Al Atrouni To cite this version: Ahmad Al Atrouni. Etude de l’épidémiologie moléculaire et de l’écologie d’Acinetobacter spp au Liban. Médecine humaine et pathologie. Université d’Angers; Université libannaise de Beyrouth, 2017. Français. NNT : 2017ANGE0004. tel-01599268 HAL Id: tel-01599268 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01599268 Submitted on 2 Oct 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. AHMAD AL ATROUNI Mémoire présenté en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur de l'Université d'Angers sous le sceau de l’Université Bretagne Loire École doctorale : Ecole Doctorale Biologie Santé Discipline : Microbiologie Spécialité : Microbiologie Unité de recherche : ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir Team, CRCNA, Inserm U892, 6299 CNRS, Angers, France ET L’Université Libanaise École doctorale : Sciences et Technologie Spécialité :Microbiologie Medicale et Alimentaire Unité de recherche: Laboratoire de Microbiologie Santé et Environnement Soutenue le 19 Mai 2017 Thèse N° : 132430 Etude de l’épidémiologie moléculaire et de l’écologie d’Acinetobacter spp au Liban JURY Rapporteurs Jean Yves MADEC, Directeur de recherche, Anses, Lyon Ghassan MATAR, Professeur des Universités, Université Américaine de Beirut Examinateurs Jean Marc ROLAIN, Professeur des Universités - Praticien Hospitalier, Université Aix Marseille Ziad DAOUD, Professeur des Universités, Université de Balamand, Directeur de Thèse Marie KEMPF, Maître de Conférence des Universités-Praticien Hospitalier, Université d'Angers Monzer HAMZE, Professeur des Universités, Faculté de santé publique, Université Libanaise DEDICACES A cœur vaillant rien d’impossible A conscience tranquille tout est accessible Quand il y a la soif d’apprendre Tout vient à point à qui sait attendre Quand il y a le souci de réaliser un dessein Tout devient facile pour arriver à nos fins Malgré les obstacles qui s’opposent En dépit des difficultés qui s’interposent Souhaitant que le fruit de mes efforts fournis Jour et nuit, me mènera vers le bonheur fleuri Aujourd’hui, ici rassemblé auprès des jurys, Je prie Dieu que cette soutenance Fera signe de persévérance Je dédie ce travail … À mes chers parents Aucune dédicace ne saurait exprimer mon respect, mon amour éternel et ma considération pour les sacrifices que vous avez consenti pour mon instruction et mon bien être. Puisse Dieu, le Très Haut, vous accorder la santé et le bonheur A mes chers frères et sœurs Nos conseillers, et amis fidèles, qui m’ont assisté dans les moments difficiles A mes chers amis Avec qui j’ai partagé des moments inoubliables, et nous sommes devenus une entité, une famille. Remerciements Je tiens à exprimer mes sincères remerciements A Mes directeurs de thèse au Liban Pr. Monzer HAMZE et en France Dr. Marie KEMPF pour la confiance qu’ils m’ont accordée, leurs remarques et leurs conseils judicieux. Je leur suis reconnaissant de m’avoir fait bénéficier tout au long de ce travail de leurs grandes compétences, leur rigueur intellectuelle, leur dynamisme, et leur efficacité. Soyez assuré de mon attachement et de ma profonde gratitude. Aux membres de jury, Dr Jean Yves MADEC, Pr Ghassan MATAR, Pr Jean Marc ROLAIN, et Pr Ziad DAOUD pour l’honneur qu’ils m’ont accordé d’avoir accepté d’évaluer ce travail A madame le Pr Marie Laure JOLY GUILLOU pour m’avoir accueilli dans le laboratoire pour commencer cette thèse A tous les membres du laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement pour leur aide précieux, leur accueil chaleureux et leur encouragement. Je remercie vivement Pr.Fouad DABBOUSSI, Dr Marwan OSMAN, Dr Bachar ISMAIL,Dr Imad AL KASSAA, Dr Rayane Rafei, Dr Dima EL SAFADI, et les techniciens Taha ABDO, Majd MOUZAWAK, Sara AMRIEH, Mariam YEHYA, Farah OBEID, Iman DARWICH et Asmaa ALLOUCH. A tous les membres du service de bactériologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, en particulier à Dr Carole LEMARIE et les techniciens Catherine QUINQUENEAU, Catherine RAMONT et Viviane CASSICA. A tous les membres du laboratoire ATOMycA, Inserm Atip-Avenir, Pr Mathieu EVEILLARD, Dr Laurent MARSOLIER, Dr Estelle MARION, Marie Robe SAULE, Jeremie BABONNEAU et Amelie POUCHIN pour leur sollicitude et la bonne ambiance que j’ai beaucoup appréciées. A monsieur le professeur Vincent PROCACIO pour sa gentillesse, ses conseils, et les discussions scientifiques qui m’ont beaucoup apporté. A Dr David GOUDENEGE pour son patience, et son aide précieux dans la partie bioinformatique durant la 3ème année de thèse A monsieur le professeur Alexandre NEMEC et madame le docteur Lenka KRISOVA pour leur collaboration dans la partie « taxonomie des Acinetobacter ». je vous en serai toujours reconnaissant. A mes collègues Mohamad DIAB, Juliano HADDAD et Racha BAHRI avec qui j’ai partagé des moments inoubliables depuis le M2 jusqu’à la fin de cette thèse A mes amis que j’ai eu le plaisir de les rencontrer à Angers. Un grand Merci à Abdallah DIB, Joseph KHOURY, Zaher SAYEGH, et Bachar MOUGHET pour m’avoir encouragé dans les moments difficiles. A mes chers amis au Liban qui étaient une source de motivation pendant mon doctorat A l’Université Libanaise et le Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) au Liban pour leur soutien financier Sommaire SOMMAIRE ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 4 LISTE DES TABLEAUX ....................................................................................................................................... 7 LISTE DES FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................ 7 INTRODUCTION GENERALE ............................................................................................................................ 8 ETUDE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE ............................................................................................................................ 12 I. LE GENRE ACINETOBACTER : HISTORIQUE ET TAXONOMIE ACTUELLE ............................................................. 12 II. CARACTERISTIQUES BACTERIOLOGIQUES DU GENRE ACINETOBACTER ........................................................... 17 1. Caractéristiques morphologiques ............................................................................................................. 17 2. Caractéristiques biochimiques .................................................................................................................. 17 3. Caractéristiques culturales ........................................................................................................................ 17 III. IDENTIFICATION DES ACINETOBACTER .......................................................................................................... 18 1. Identification phénotypique ...................................................................................................................... 18 2. Identification moléculaire ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.1. Méthodes d’identifications basées sur l’analyse de fragments d’ADN après électrophorèse .............................. 20 2.1.1. Amplified Ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) ........................................................................ 20 2.1.2. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) .................................................................................. 20 2.1.3. Le ribotypage .............................................................................................................................................. 21 2.2. Méthodes ciblant un gène spécifique .................................................................................................................. 21 2.2.1. PCR ciblant le gène blaOXA-51-like ................................................................................................................. 21 2.2.2. PCR ciblant le gène gyrB ............................................................................................................................ 22 2.2.3. PCR ciblant les gènes recA et l’espaceur intergénique ADNr 16S-23S ...................................................... 22 2.3. Méthodes basées sur l’analyse d’une séquence d’ADN ...................................................................................... 23 2.3.1. Séquençage du gène de l’ADN ribosomal 16S ........................................................................................... 23 2.3.2. Séquençage du gène rpoB ........................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.3. Séquençage de l’espaceur intergénique 16S-23S de l’ADN ribosomal
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