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(3), Nov-2017 ISSN 2347 – 517X 56 STUDY of SEED GERMINATION

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(3), Nov-2017 ISSN 2347 – 517X 56 STUDY of SEED GERMINATION I J R B A T, Vol. V, Special Issue (3), Nov-2017 ISSN 2347 – 517X INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES IN BIOSCIENCES, AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY © VISHWASHANTI MULTIPURPOSE SOCIETY (Global Peace Multipurpose Society) R. No. MH-659/13(N) www.vmsindia.org STUDY OF SEED GERMINATION TECHNIQUE BY USING TRADITIONAL METHOD IN SONNERATIA SPECIES; SONNERATIA ALBA AND SONNERATIA APETELA Paras Parmeshwar Jadhav Shivaji University Kolhapur. (M. S.), India [email protected] Abstract; In mangroves, reproduction process is typical, mangroves have one of the most unique reproductive strategies in the plant world. Like most mammals, mangroves are viviparous (bringing forth live young). Rathe r than producing dormant resting seeds like most of flowering plants .But in mangrove like Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia apetala reproductive method is Cryptovivipary (Greek kryptos , hidden) refers to the condition whereby the embryo grows to break through the seed coat but not the fruit wall before it splits open. In S. apetala seed germination rate is less than S .alba in natural conditions, because of the salinity factor as well as pH factor. It was observed that seed germination of S.alba and S.apetala in a cotton cloth like sprouting of cereals, is also effective method for seed germination. It was also observed that, rate of seed germination in S .apetala is more than S.alba in artificial traditional method. Sprouting (germinate) cereals in a cotton cloth is a traditional method used by housewife. Keywords : Reproduction, Viviparous, Crypto viviparous, seed, germination, sprouting The main aim of the current work was to Introduction; study the 1) seed structure 2) study of seed Mangroves are woody,shrubs and trees germination by using traditional method, which that are salt and flood tole rant and hence is used by housewife for sprouting of ce reals in a dominate the intertidal areas of lagoons,estuaries cotton cloth. 3) To study difference in seed and she ltered bays along tropical and subtropical germination percentage in two species of coastlines, (Tomlinson,1986 ; Tuffers et al., 2001 Sonneratia under artificial condition, by using ; Ball 2002).These tidal forests are of enormous traditional method. Till date number of seed ecological and economic importance .(Walters e t germination methods were used to germinate al., 2008), providing ecosystem goods (food, seeds of Sonneratia alba and S. apetala , but medicines and timbe r) and services (such as present method is very simple me thod of seed Fisheries, nurseries and erosion control) to local germination and rate of seed germination is also communities living behind and within them . more. It was observed that seed germination of Despite this they are suffering high rates S.alba and S.apetala in a cotton cloth like of destruction; currently between 1 to 2 % of the sprouting of cereals, is also effective method for total forest area is lost per year (Duck et al 2007). seed germination. It was also observed that, rate Hence the conservation and restoration of of seed ge rmination in S .apetala is more than mangrove ecosystems dese rve high priority S.alba in artificial traditional method. Sprouting .Careful consideration of site characteristics and (germinate) cereals in a cotton cloth is a species ecology is needed before attempting to traditional me thod used by housewife. restore degraded mangrove sites. Salinity and Sonneratia apetala ,Buch,Ham (Sonneratiaceae hydrology i.e. is pe riod and frequency of flooding) now Lythrace ae) It is a true mangrove , tree , in selected habitus are two of the primary factors grows up to 6 to 10 meter in height, they produce that determine the survival and growth of flowe rs in the month of Feb. to April (fig 1).,fruit replanted mangroves because different true formation takes place in the month of June to mangrove species vary in tolerance to such Aug. Fruits be come mature in the month of July ecological factors. (Alle n et al., 2003: HWANG and Fruit : is berry with pe rsistent leathe ry calyx, Chen, 2001; YE et al., 2005; Bosire et al., 2008). green with nume rous seeds (fig 3); seeds In Devgad taluka Dist. Sindhudurg compactly arranged in 6 to 8 locules, within the number of S. apetala is very rare and their fleshy pulp of the placenta. number decreases day by day due to many Seeds : seeds are ye llowish mostly ‘U’ or ‘V’ reasons like people used trees for different shaped, surface irregularly aerotolated (fig purposes and pollution etc. There is one 2).Size about 5 to 6 mm. weight 0.09 +0.02 g, observation that, seeds of S. apetala do not hilum middle i.e. within the invaginated portion ge rminate under their canopy, such factor affects of the seed. Micropyle position obscure, radicle on the population of this species. Therefore to emerges from any one arm of the seed, increases the population of both species, it is exalbuminous, and germination epigeal. Fruit ne cessary to ge rminate seeds in the nursery. And and seed formation takes place from the month ge rmination of seeds in the nurse ry is also tough of June to August .But fruits are ripened in the method. GOPAL KRISHNA GOKHALE COLLEGE, KOLHAPUR 56 ICIRST-2017 I J R B A T, Vol. V, Special Issue (3), Nov-2017 ISSN 2347 – 517X month of July, and fruit season ends at the e nd Methods; of month August. 1) Matured and ripened fruits of S.alba and Sonneratia alba J. Smith (Family- S.apetala fallen on ground were collected. Sonneratiaceae now Lythraceae ) It is a true Collection was mainly done by end of July from Mangrove , tree grows up to 7 to 10 meter in the ir different mangrove covers. Fruits of S .alba he ight. It produce white beautiful flowe rs in all were gathered from Malyai (Kharda creek) and S. seasons but number of flowe rs are more in the apetala from Patthar creek . rainy season (Fig 1) 2) These fruits we re placed for rotting in and the y also produce fruits in all seasons, For polythene bags for ten days. (From 31 st July to 9 ge rmination of seeds collect the seeds from we ll th August ripened fruits in the month of July and 3) After ten days, softened fruits we re rubbed on Aug.(Fig.2) hand and seeds were collected. Fruits: fruits resemble fleshy berries that are 4) Collected seeds we re washed with fresh water round and flattened, with a cup-shaped calyx at twice . the base of the fruit. The calyx is reflected 5) Seeds were allowed to germinate in a cotton backwards from the protruding style and towards cloth, be fore it, cotton cloth was well sterilized by the stalk. Mature fruit is approximately 2-4.5 cm boiling in the hot water. It was also use ful to across which ripens to green with a dull surface. remove starch of cloth. When ripe, the fruits dropped off the parent tree 6) These seeds we re allowed to germinate in rain and start to decay. The decomposing exocarp water. would break open to release numerous tiny seeds contained inside . In Fruit, seed formation take s Result and Conclusion; place in the month of May, to September. 1) Seeds allowed to germinate in the cotton Seeds: S.alba is a non-viviparous plant, hence it cloth; after ten days of germination produce 100 – 150 seeds in each fruit which pe riod few seeds were germinated in the ranges 6 to-7 mm in le ngth, small in comparison cotton cloth, but after fifteen days to most other mangroves (L.J.Bhosale.2005), number of seed germination increases seeds are, hook shaped .yellowish brown in .Which is shown in the following table. colored. Observation table : Material and methods Name Number Numbe percent Study area ; Study area is Devgad, It is taluka of of seeds r of age place, situated in the District Sindhudurg which plant for seeds is located on the Arabian Sea in the costal kokan germina germin region of Maharashtra,India,450km. south of tion ated Mumbai. It is located be tween latitude of 16 0.38’ S.apet 42 27 64.29 N, and longitude of 73 0.38 ’ E. Mangrove forest ala % cove rs about 11.08 ha of the area (Bhosale S.alba 33 18 54.54 2005).The area contains different types of the % mangrove species in the Sindhudurg district but 1) From obse rvations it is observed that seed S.alba is dominant in creek like Vijaydurg, and germination unde r traditional method like Devgad taluka. Species S.apetala is occur in the sprouting of cereals, is also applicable as a seed area of small creek of Patthar and Kakshi creek germination me thod in S .apetala and S .alba .The se two creek joined at village Mitmumbari. 2) Seed germination pe rcentage is more in S Ve getation of S .apetala is less than the S .alba . .apetala than S .alba The present study focused on the developme nt of 3) We found, seed germination in a cotton cloth ne w me thod to germinate seeds of S .alba and S. is a reliable and suitable alternative, for seed apetala, because number of S.apetala decreases germination in S .apetala and S .alba. day by day. Figure 1: S.apetala -- Flowe r Figure 2: S.apetala –seed Figure 3: S.apetala –Fruit GOPAL KRISHNA GOKHALE COLLEGE, KOLHAPUR 57 ICIRST-2017 I J R B A T, Vol. V, Special Issue (3), Nov-2017 ISSN 2347 – 517X Figure 4: S.apetala –Seeds for ge rmination in cloth Figure 5: Ge rminated seeds Figure 6: S.apetala – propagules of ten days Figure 7: S.apetala –propagules transfer in to pot Figure 7: S,alba ---Flower Figure 8: S,alba ---Fruit Figure 9: S,alba seed Figure 10: S.alba.
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