TRAFFIC MODELLING We’Re Upgrading O’Shea Road to Relieve Congestion and Improve Connections to the Monash and Princes Freeways

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

TRAFFIC MODELLING We’Re Upgrading O’Shea Road to Relieve Congestion and Improve Connections to the Monash and Princes Freeways MONASH FREEWAY UPGRADE – STAGE 2 O’SHEA ROAD TRAFFIC MODELLING We’re upgrading O’Shea Road to relieve congestion and improve connections to the Monash and Princes freeways As part of Stage 2 of the Upgrading O’Shea Road Monash Freeway Upgrade, The City of Casey is one of Australia’s When we complete the upgrade, it will: we’re upgrading O’Shea Road fastest growing municipalities. • reduce congestion to three lanes in each direction On a typical weekday, close to 50,000 and extending the road to join vehicles use O’Shea, Clyde and Greaves • improve traffic flow and travel times the Beaconsfield interchange. roads in Berwick, and numbers are • make it easier to travel around your expected to increase. The current road local area and join the freeway infrastructure will be unable to cope • give you better access to residential with increased demand. developments and employment hubs To keep the City of Casey moving we’re in the south-east upgrading O’Shea Road and improving • allow for future public transport routes. connections to the Princes Freeway, to support the development and growth of this booming area. Image above: Clyde Road intersection SIGN UP FOR PROJECT UPDATES roadprojects.vic.gov.au Authorised by the Victorian Government, 1 Treasury Place, Melbourne Poor to very poor operating conditions with delays and queues increasing rapidly. Once queues develop, it will take a significant time for queues to ease resulting in long delays to traffic movements. Modelling Fair to poor operating conditions with delays and queues growing. Traffic flow starting to break down with minor incidents leading to lengthy delays. Traffic flow on O’Shea Road during peak Very good to excellent operating conditions with minimal delays. periods in 2031 – less than 10 years away Parks/reserve Property boundary Road boundary Not to scale, for illustrative purposes only Two lanes Four lanes Traffic modelling for retaining O’Shea Road as two lanes (one lane in each direction) showed that the Traffic modelling was undertaken for upgrading O’Shea Road to four lanes (two lanes in each direction) road will not be able to handle the increased traffic demand due to the projected growth in the local area, without dedicated turning lanes. This showed that the road will not be able to handle the increased traffic resulting in increased congestion and travel times. demand due to the projected growth in the local area, resulting in increased congestion and travel times. e e v v i i r r D D Road Soldiers Soldiers Road Soldiers e e v v a a i i r r r r r r D D a a a a b b r r e e m m i i i i v v i K K Clyde Road Clyde Road i R R Greaves Road O'SHEA ROAD Greaves Road O'SHEA ROAD O'SHEA ROAD O'SHEA ROAD e e v v i i r r D D a a r r r r a a d d Clyde Road n Clyde Road n Way Skyline Way Skyline o o o o M Jembecca Drive Jembecca M Drive Jembecca Bridgewater Blvd Bridgewater Blvd Four lanes (option 2) Six lanes Traffic modelling was also undertaken for upgrading O’Shea Road to four lanes (two lanes in each direction) with a wider Traffic modelling was undertaken for upgrading O’Shea Road to six lanes (three lanes in each direction) centre median and dedicated turning lanes. This showed there would be inefficient flow of traffic and safety concerns due with dedicated turning lanes. This showed that congestion would be reduced, traffic flow would be improved, to required merging within short distances at multiple points on the road, due to the proximity of the intersections. and travel times reduced. e e v v i i r r D Soldiers Road Soldiers D e e Road Soldiers v i v a a i r r r r r D r D a a a a b r b r e e i m m i i i v v i i K K Clyde Road Clyde Road R R Greaves Road O'SHEA ROAD Greaves Road O'SHEA ROAD O'SHEA ROAD O'SHEA ROAD e v i e r v i D r a D r r a r a r d a n Clyde Road d Clyde Road o Way Skyline n Way Skyline o o M o Jembecca Drive Jembecca M Drive Jembecca Bridgewater Blvd Bridgewater Blvd ROAD SAFETY The O’Shea Road Upgrade is being delivered in accordance with the Safe Systems Approach, which aims to improve road safety and achieve the strategic goal of no road deaths and serious injuries. A Safe Systems Assessment and independent Road Safety Audit was conducted on the final design to check for potential hazards, ensure the design was acceptable and that all road users had been considered. Artist's impression of the O'Shea Road and Skyline Way intersection Methodology Project timeline Comprehensive independent traffic • using tools such as the SIDRA September 2019 modelling has been undertaken using Network Modelling with VISSM the latest software to understand microsimulation to assess the • Construction contract awarded existing conditions on O’Shea Road different options for O’Shea to CPB Contractors and to identify the impacts the project Road and the impact on the would have on traffic travelling along wider network including future November 2020 O’Shea Road by the year 2031. developments such as the new • Early works commence arterial road through Minta Farm. The assessment methodology Late 2020 included: Traffic modelling plays one part • Major construction commences • conducting traffic surveys of the decision-making process at the Beaconsfield interchange and reviewing baseline existing to determine the final design conditions within the area of the O’Shea Road Upgrade. Other Mid-2021 considerations include available • Major construction commences • assessing design, key adjacent space, constructability and safety. intersections and project impacts on O’Shea Road based on traffic forecasts for By taking all these elements into 2022 the year 2031. account, the six lane design for • Project expected to be complete • using the Victorian Integrated O’Shea Road is considered the Transport Model (VITM) to model safest and the most suitable. transport movements to determine the need to upgrade O’Shea Road Contact us [email protected] Follow us on social media Please contact us if you would like this 1800 105 105 @roadprojectsvic information in an accessible format For languages other than English, If you need assistance because of a hearing or Major Road Projects Victoria GPO Box 4509, Melbourne VIC 3001 please call 9209 0147 speech impairment, please visit relayservice.gov.au 1935.
Recommended publications
  • Road Safety Camera Locations in Victoria
    ROAD SAFETY CAMERA LOCATIONS IN VICTORIA Approved Sites — April 2006 — Road Safety Camera Locations in Victoria – Location of Road Safety Cameras – Red light only wet film cameras (84 sites) • Armadale, Kooyong Road and Malvern Road • Ascot Vale, Maribyrnong Road and Mt Alexander Road • Balwyn, Balwyn Road and Whitehorse Road • Bayswater, Bayswater Road and Mountain Highway • Bendigo, High Street and Don Street • Bendigo, Myrtle Street and High Street • Box Hill, Canterbury Road and Station Street • Box Hill, Station Street and Thames Street • Brighton, Bay Street and St Kilda Street • Brunswick, Melville Road and Albion Street • Brunswick, Nicholson Street and Glenlyon Road • Bulleen, Manningham Road and Thompsons Road • Bundoora, Grimshaw Street and Marcorna Street • Bundoora, Plenty Road and Settlement Road • Burwood, Highbury Road and Huntingdale Road • Burwood, Warrigal Road and Highbury Road • Camberwell, Prospect Hill Road and Burke Road • Camberwell, Toorak Road and Burke Road • Carlton, Elgin Street and Nicholson Street • Caulfield, Balaclava Road and Kooyong Road • Caulfield, Glen Eira Road and Kooyong Road • Chadstone, Warrigal Road and Batesford Road • Chadstone, Warrigal Road and Batesford Road • Cheltenham, Warrigal Road and Centre Dandenong Road • Clayton, Dandenong Road and Clayton Road • Clayton, North Road and Clayton Road • Coburg, Harding Street and Sydney Road • Collingwood, Johnston Street and Hoddle Street • Corio, Princes Highway and Purnell Road • Corio, Princes Highway and Sparks Road • Dandenong, McCrae Street
    [Show full text]
  • International Trade Prospectus Welcome
    INTERNATIONAL TRADE PROSPECTUS WELCOME As one of the fastest growing areas in Australia, our city represents a new frontier for business growth in Melbourne’s south east. With a population set to exceed 549,000 by 2041 and Our region is centrally located to Victoria’s major activity strong growth likely to continue well into the future, the centres, including Melbourne’s CBD, airport and ports time to invest in our City is now. via key arterial routes within our boundaries. Our City is characterised by strong population growth, These easy connections also offer easy access to the but our competitive advantages, broad growth across beauty of the neighbouring Mornington Peninsula and a range of sectors and business confidence ensure Dandenong Ranges, and the abundant resources of that we have the right mix of conditions to allow your Gippsland. business to thrive. Strong confidence in our region from both the public Given our growth, the City of Casey is committed to and private sectors attracts hundreds of millions in providing conveniences akin to those in major cities, with residential and commercial investments annually, which world-class sporting facilities and community centres presents exciting new opportunities for local businesses enjoyed by all members of the community. to leverage. Considering the region’s city conveniences, award The region’s investors also enjoy pronounced savings winning open spaces and residential estates, it is little from an abundance of affordable, well-serviced and surprise that we are forecast to grow by a further 54% ready-to-develop land, as well as Council’s commitment by 2041.
    [Show full text]
  • Height Clearance Under Structures for Permit Vehicles
    SEPTEMBER 2007 Height Clearance Under Structures for Permit Vehicles INFORMATION BULLETIN Height Clearance A vehicle must not travel or attempt to travel: Under Structures for (a) beneath a bridge or overhead Permit Vehicles structure that carries a sign with the words “LOW CLEARANCE” or This information bulletin shows the “CLEARANCE” if the height of the clearance between the road surface and vehicle, including its load, is equal to overhead structures and is intended to or greater than the height shown on assist truck operators and drivers to plan the sign; or their routes. (b) beneath any other overhead It lists the roads with overhead structures structures, cables, wires or trees in alphabetical order for ready reference. unless there is at least 200 millimetres Map references are from Melway Greater clearance to the highest point of the Melbourne Street Directory Edition 34 (2007) vehicle. and Edition 6 of the RACV VicRoads Country Every effort has been made to ensure that Street Directory of Victoria. the information in this bulletin is correct at This bulletin lists the locations and height the time of publication. The height clearance clearance of structures over local roads figures listed in this bulletin, measured in and arterial roads (freeways, highways, and metres, are a result of field measurements or main roads) in metropolitan Melbourne sign posted clearances. Re-sealing of road and arterial roads outside Melbourne. While pavements or other works may reduce the some structures over local roads in rural available clearance under some structures. areas are listed, the relevant municipality Some works including structures over local should be consulted for details of overhead roads are not under the control of VicRoads structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Victoria Government Gazette SPECIAL
    Victoria Government Gazette No. S 150 Wednesday 13 October 1999 By Authority. Victorian Government Printer SPECIAL Road Transport (Dangerous Goods) Act 1995 NOTICE OF PROHIBITION OF THE TRANSPORT BY ROAD OF LIQUEFIED GASES IN BULK THROUGH SPECIFIED AREAS AND SPECIFIED ROUTES The Victorian WorkCover Authority, a Competent Authority within the meaning of section 13 of the Road Transport Reform (Dangerous Goods) Act 1995 of the Commonwealth, applying as a law of Victoria by virtue of section 5 of the Road Transport (Dangerous Goods) Act 1995, under section 9AA of the Road Transport (Dangerous Goods) Act 1995, by this Notice Ñ 1. REVOKES the Notice dated 13 April 1999 entitled 'Notice of Prohibitions on Routes and Areas for the Transport of Liquefied Gases in Bulk', published in the Victoria Government Gazette, No. S 51, on 14 April 1999; 2. PROHIBITS absolutely the transport by road of all liquefied gases in bulk (other than the liquefied gases in bulk specified in paragraph 3) by any road tank vehicle or by any vehicle transporting a bulk container in or through that area of the City of Melbourne bounded by: Spencer Street from Spencer Street Bridge to LaTrobe Street, LaTrobe Street to William Street, William Street to Peel Street, Peel Street to Victoria Street, Victoria Street and Victoria Parade to Clarendon Street, Clarendon Street to Wellington Parade, Wellington Parade and Flinders Street to St Kilda Road, St Kilda Road to Yarra Bank Highway, Yarra Bank Highway to Power Street, Power Street to Whiteman Street, Whiteman Street to Clarendon Street, Clarendon Street to Spencer Street Bridge, and including those roads forming that boundary; 3.
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Stud Rd / Monash Fwy
    City of Greater Dandenong GATEWAYS STRATEGY 01 STUD RD / MONASH FWY BUILT FORM GUIDELINES DESIGN ELEMENT STRATEGIES/GUIDELINES Built Form ▪ Facilitate the development of contemporary, high quality and sustainable architecture that incorporates principles of Ecologically Sustainable Design (ESD) and presents a high quality image to Stud Road, Heatherton Road and the Monash Freeway ▪ General ResCode provisions apply to residential zoned land Landscaping ▪ Provide screening trees along existing private/public interfaces to soften the impact of built form and/or fencing, when viewed from the main road corridors of Stud Road, Heatherton Road and the Monash Freeway ▪ Landscaping should be of high quality and designed to complement the landscape treatments of adjoining public realm areas ▪ Landscaping should provide physical and visual links to the Dandenong Creek floodplain, Police Paddocks Reserve, Essex Reserve and the associated wetland system Signs ▪ Apply the General Guidelines Relating To Advertising/Business Identification Signs (refer to pages 25-26 of report) AVOID ▪ Advertising elements such as billboards, a-frames, inflatables, flags and banners, within the extent of the gateway zone (particularly along main roads) ▪ Large scale billboard/ advertising signage on the facades of the Dandenong Indoor Sports Stadium ▪ Large signage that blocks views across the Dandenong Creek floodplain, Police Paddocks Reserve, Essex Reserve and the associated wetland system Vehicle Access & Car AVOID Parking ▪ Large areas of hard/impervious surfaces (such as private car parking areas) alongside the main road corridors of Stud Road and Heatherton Road Landmark Opportunity ▪ Improve the blank eastern exterior facade of the Dandenong Indoor Sports Stadium (as (private realm) viewed from the city-bound lanes on the Monash Freeway just prior to the Stud Road exit) as a built form landmark element at the entrance to the municipality.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Build Continues Congestion Busting in South East
    Wednesday, 16 December 2020 BIG BUILD CONTINUES CONGESTION BUSTING IN SOUTH EAST Victoria’s Big Build continues to create thousands of jobs across Melbourne’s booming south east, through record investment in transport infrastructure projects that connect communities and get Victorians where they need to go safer and sooner. The Mordialloc Freeway recently passed the halfway mark and when finished will play a key role in easing congestion by connecting the Mornington Peninsula Freeway and the Dingley Bypass. By this time next year, with construction complete, up to 13,000 trucks will be removed from local roads and travel times will improve by up to ten minutes during peak travel times. As part of the project, bridges will be built over Springvale, Governor, Lower Dandenong and Centre Dandenong Roads, along with new freeway entry and exit ramps. A bridge will also be built over Old Dandenong Road to keep it open for Dingley Village residents, and a twin bridge will be built over sensitive wetlands to ensure rainfall and natural light reaches the vegetation below. Drivers will also benefit from Stage 2 of the Monash Freeway by adding an extra 36km of lanes and utilises smart traffic management systems to keep vehicles moving to and from the CBD and further across to Melbourne’s west. Victoria’s Big Build projects are working together to transform busy and congested traffic hotspots into efficient transport corridors by removing level crossings and upgrading roads that delay people and businesses as they move around the south-east. The Thompsons Road Upgrade, completed in mid-2020, duplicated 10.7km of road, removed a level crossing and replaced a roundabout with traffic lights to improve connectivity to EastLink.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of the Melbourne Citylink
    Journey and Arrival The story of the Melbourne CityLink Journey and Arrival The story of the Melbourne CityLink Published by: The Institution of Engineers, Australia Victoria Division 21 Bedford Street, North Melbourne, VIC 3051 Research, text and production: Business Outlook and Evaluation. Text written by Emilia Tagaza, with research and editorial assistance from Tim Thwaites. Design Powerhouse Design Photos: Transurban Infrastructure Developments Ltd Transfield Obayashi Joint Venture (Ace Image Photographics) Bruce Postle State Library of Victoria (Chapter 1 photos) This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without the written permission of the publisher. No photograph printed in this book may be reproduced without the permission of copyright owners. Copyright © The Institution of Engineers, Australia (Victoria Division) 2002 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Tagaza, Emilia. The story of the Melbourne CityLink. ISBN 0 9581238 0 2 ISBN 0 9581238 1 0 (CD-Rom). 1. Toll roads - Victoria - Melbourne. 2. Express highways -Victoria - Melbourne. I. Institution of Engineers, Australia. Victoria Division. II. Title. 388.12209945 Contents Part I Social, Economic and Political Dimensions 1. Urban dilemma: the historical context 4 2. The groundwork: hurdles and breakthroughs 12 3. The contract: new boundaries for private sector risk 18 4. The momentum builds 24 Part II The Technological Dimension 5. Electronic tolling: the silent force behind CityLink 34 Part III Engineering Dimensions 6. The Monash Freeway bridges: rejecting obvious solutions 44 7. The Western Link: the spirit of an open road 48 8.
    [Show full text]
  • North East Link (NEL) Traffic and Transport Review Expert Evidence Statement
    North East Link (NEL) Traffic and Transport Review Expert Evidence Statement Prepared by: GTA Consultants (VIC) Pty Ltd for North East Link Project on 15/07/19 Reference: V153791 Issue #: Final North East Link (NEL) Traffic and Transport Review Expert Evidence Statement Client: North East Link Project Instructed by: Clayton Utz Hearing Date: 25/07/19 Report Date: 15/07/19 Reference: V153791 Issue #: Final © GTA Consultants (VIC) Pty Ltd [ABN 34 137 610 381] 2019 The information contained in this document is confidential and intended solely for the use of the client for the purpose for which it has been prepared and no representation is made or is to be implied as being made to any third party. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part Melbourne | Sydney | Brisbane without the written permission of GTA Consultants constitutes an infringement of copyright. The intellectual property contained in this Adelaide | Perth document remains the property of GTA Consultants. CONTENTS Introduction 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Qualifications and Experience 1 1.3. Relationship to Applicant 1 1.4. GTA Peer Review of the TTIA 1 1.5. Further Work Since Preparation of the GTA Peer Review Report 2 1.6. Expert Evidence Statement Scope & Purpose 3 1.7. References 6 1.8. Consideration of Submissions 6 1.9. Summary of Key Issues, Opinions and Recommendations 6 1.10. Declaration 13 Project Background 14 2.1. Introduction 14 2.2. Project Rationale 14 2.3. Key Transport Issues Sought to be Resolved by NEL 18 2.4. Public Works Order 23 2.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Liveable Communities in the Interface
    Creating Liveable Communities in the Interface profiling our communities Creating 2 Liveable Communities in the Interface Interface Councils The Interface Councils of Melbourne are comprised of the ten municipalities that form an arc around metropolitan Melbourne and incorporate both the green wedge and the urban growth boundary. They bridge the gap between metrpolitan Melbourne and rural Victoria, sharing characteristics of both urban and rural communities. The Interface Councils include the Growth Councils of Melton, Mitchell, Wyndham, Whittlesea, Cardinia, Casey and Hume - some of which contain the largest and fastest growing suburbs in Australia. At the same time, some of the most environmentally sensitive areas are also located at the Interface. Municipalities such as Nillumbik, Yarra Ranges, Mornington Peninsula, and Cardinia contain important water catchments for metropolitan Melbourne, significant agricultural land and forest areas necessary to offset the carbon footprints of the City. The purpose of this document is to highlight the particular challenges being managed now by the City of Casey and to make a case for increased government investment into specific infrastructure and service provision challenges and priorities. 3 The Interface Councils Mitchell Shire Whilesea City Hume City Nillumbik Shire Melton City Yarra Ranges Shire Wyndham Melbourne City City Cardinia Shire Casey City Mornington Peninsula Shire Creating 4 Liveable Communities in the Interface City of Casey Location The City of Casey is located in Melbourne's south-eastern suburbs, between 28 and 60 kilometres south-east of the Melbourne GPO. Casey covers a land Area 40,916 hectares (409 Km2) and extends from the base of the Dandenong ranges in the north to Western Port bay in the south.
    [Show full text]
  • The M1 Freeway Managed Motorway in Melbourne, Australia
    The M1 Freeway DATE TO GO HERE Managed Motorway in Melbourne, Australia Robert Freemantle Executive Director, Policy & Programs VicRoads, Australia MCW Upgrade Project | Slide Title to go here 1 Melbourne,Melbourne capital of the state of Victoria Internationallyoverview voted “World’s Most Livable City” – 4 times in the past decadeDATE TO GO HERE MCWMelbourne Upgrade Convention Project | Slide Bureau Title to go here 2 Victoria – General Information . 227,600 sq km or 3% of the area DATE TO GO HERE of Australia . Most densely populated state – 5.5m people, 24% of Australia . 4.1m people (>70%) in Melbourne . 4.4 million motor vehicles, 33% of Australian total . 3.5 million licensed drivers . 154,750 km of public roads . 51% of arterial road travel is in Melbourne . 25% of Australian road freight task MCW inUpgrade Victoria Project | Slide Title to go here 3 Melbourne Metropolitan Daily Traffic Volumes DATE TO GO HERE Key City Route Traffic Volume (veh/day) Westgate Fwy 180,000 Monash Fwy 180,000 Eastern Fwy 132,000 Hoddle Street 81,000 Kingsway 98,000 Nepean Hwy 88,000 Dandenong Road 73,000 MCW Upgrade Project | Slide Title to go here 4 Problems on Melbourne’s freeways DATE TO GO HERE . Daily volumes on Melbourne’s freeways are growing around 5% pa . Peak-hour traffic throughput is in decline - some sections have declined as much as 25% in the past 5 years. Regular flow breakdown and congestion during peak periods leading to: – Under-utilisation of the freeway – Reduced level of service – Longer and less reliable travel times – Greater risk of incidents and reduced safety 5 5 The importance of the M1 route in Melbourne DATE TO GO HERE .
    [Show full text]
  • Eastlink Toll Invoice Search
    Eastlink Toll Invoice Search Etienne remains aslope after Adrien loping revengingly or miscarry any temperaments. Designative and whenpaling Ahmet Burt still is fumingCalvinistical. his hide-and-seek diametrally. Felsic Garvy racks week or solemnizing vowelly Toll cost details eastlink toll invoice search by our financial hardship. Why it in the tolled; assignment to eastlink toll invoice search. You eastlink alleviated congestion on eastlink toll invoice search. Ask us improve hardship and eastlink toll invoice search. Login to search tool to start your invoices will be ready function to eastlink toll invoice search for? Are ready to search for your account or eastlink toll invoice search by an mva will pay invoice. Driving but still request to search the statutory fees but many eastlink toll invoice search for use your choice acknowledge their high fees! Never send it eastlink stream username to eastlink toll invoice as you choose to renew vehicle and indonesia to earn points on to school with the. If you eastlink com au pay eastlink toll invoice search by mail after toll notices and search for taking the invoice number or download transactions. You can search and buses and your credit provider and control of paying them paid eastlink toll invoice search for pay? Safely store to eastlink toll invoice search for eastlink all toll tag or phone and search for pay your desired password is a fixed toll is. Then provide vehicle at your billing account to use the steps to renew which could cost of eastlink toll invoice search the process, the electronic tags are very reliable.
    [Show full text]
  • East-West Link Needs Assessment
    EAST-WEST LINK NEEDS ASSESSMENT STUDY OVERVIEW BY SIR ROD EDDINGTON Foreword Transport is critical to the future success of Victoria. While the Monash – CityLink – West Gate To maintain our economic success and the liveability Improvement Package announced in the of our State, we must continue to create efficient Meeting Our Transport Challenges Statement will and sustainable ways for people and freight to move improve capacity on that route, further network across Victoria. improvements are required to meet Melbourne’s and Victoria’s long-term needs. The assessment The Premier has asked me to lead a needs will investigate and make recommendations to the assessment into an east-west link across Melbourne. Government on a wide range of options, including I have accepted this challenge because I believe this the capability of linking to possible transit services assessment is of critical importance to the ongoing along the Eastern Freeway, new bus services and economic success of Melbourne and Victoria. public transport interchanges. A task such as this one is not new to me. Over Matters that the investigation will consider include: the past eighteen months, I have been engaged by the UK Government to report on the long-term Public transport opportunities link between transport and economic productivity, Enhanced freight access growth and stability. I have looked at experiences Urban amenity around the world and it is evident that a high standard of transport infrastructure is essential to Road network connectivity economic development. Benefits to the Victorian economy Many of the challenges I have seen in the UK are Traffic congestion the same the world over.
    [Show full text]