Proyecto Migratorio Y Estrategias De Integración: Bangladeses En Roma E Ítalo- Bangladeses En Londres Desde Un Enfoque Narrativo

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Proyecto Migratorio Y Estrategias De Integración: Bangladeses En Roma E Ítalo- Bangladeses En Londres Desde Un Enfoque Narrativo PROYECTO MIGRATORIO Y ESTRATEGIAS DE INTEGRACIÓN: BANGLADESES EN ROMA E ÍTALO- BANGLADESES EN LONDRES DESDE UN ENFOQUE NARRATIVO Tesis presentada por Valeria Giannuzzi Para obtener el grado de DOCTORA EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES CON ESPECIALIDAD EN ESTUDIOS REGIONALES Tijuana, B.C., México 2018 CONSTANCIA DE APROBACIÓN Director de Tesis: Dra. Olga Odgers Ortiz Aprobada por el Jurado Examinador: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2 A mi hijo, que ya sabe todo lo que está escrito en esta tesis. 3 AGRADECIMIENTOS Me advirtieron: escribir los agradecimientos no será fácil, y ahora que ando aquí lo entiendo, porque en cuatro años y tres países, las personas encontradas y los agradecimientos por hacer podrían ser un capítulo a parte de esta tesis ya bastante larga. Así que intentaré quedarme en los esenciales, pidiendo de antemano una disculpa a cuantos no están mencionados y sí deberían. Agradezco Conacyt para el apoyo económico recibido y El Colef por la preparación recibida. Aunque sean un requerimiento obligado de la sección de agradecimientos, también son sinceros. La Universidad Sapienza de Roma, en particular la Oficina de Relaciones Internacionales y Graziella Gaglione, el Departamento de Psicología Dinámica y Clínica, la prof.ra Viviana Langher; el Departamento de Comunicación e Investigación Social. Con ustedes regresé a mi casa. La University of East London, en particular Georgie Wemyss, Molly Andrews, Cigdem Esin y Aura Lounasmaa, Nira Yuval Davis, todos los integrantes del CMRB (Centre for Research on Migration, Refugees and Belonging) y del CNR (Centre for Narrative Research), que me recibieron con afecto e inclusión. En Colef la lista de las personas por agradecer sería infinita, sobre todo un gran agradecimiento a todo el equipo de la biblioteca, Carlos, Isabel, Ángeles, Victor. Con su profesionalidad, calma y pasión siempre ha sido un gusto buscar literatura. Denisse Estrada, ¡eres un ángel! Una presencia fundamental para todos nosotros. Mis compañeros, en particular el equipo de “Unidos venceremos”, porque al parecer…¡si lo logramos! Les deseo lo mejor en la vida, personal y académica, y espero que nuestros caminos vuelvan a cruzarse. Algunos de ustedes se extrañarán mucho. Todos los coordinadores y profesores del DCS-ER 2014-2018, por las enseñanzas, la coordinación del grupo y el apoyo demostrado a los y las estudiantes. Liliana Rivera, por su colaboración y disponibilidad, y por interesarse a la trayectoria de este proyecto de investigación, especialmente en los momentos clave de su elaboración. 4 Laura Velasco, que conocí en Roma en 2007 en una conferencia en la Sapienza, y que sin saberlo plantó la semilla para que, algún día, conociera a la frontera, a Tijuana, a El Colef. Luis Escala, por sus comentarios puntuales, constructivos y enriquecedores, siempre entregados con buen humor y una sonrisa que hacen apreciar el trabajo aún más. Giovanna Gianturco, que sigue mi crecimiento profesional y académico desde los tiempos de la licenciatura y que me enseñó por primera vez la existencia de una ciudad fronteriza llamada “Tijuana”. Por su rigor académico, siempre acompañado de una personalidad luminosa y fuerte, por ser una heroína sin capa. Olga Odgers. A Olga le debo humanamente, profesionalmente, personalmente. Ha sido para mi una inspiración en estos años de como se pueda ser una académica impecable y de alta calidad, y a la vez un ser humano extraordinario, sin contar la gran disponibilidad y el interés demostrado constantemente a lo largo de los años para mi trabajo y para mi. Agradecerla aquí me queda corto, espero tener muchos años por delante para seguir la relación y demostrarle mi estima. P. René Manenti del Centro Studi per l’Emigrazione, por haber revisado mi anteproyecto al principio de esta aventura y su gran disponibilidad para que pudiera tomar referencias de la biblioteca del CSER cada vez que me fue posible en mis retornos romanos. Antonio Ricci por el apoyo humano, profesional y bibliográfico, y por supuesto toda IDOS. Siempre aprecié tu capacidad y calidad humana. En des-orden y por muchas razones (apoyo en las transcripciones, colaboración humana y profesional, facilitación para las entrevistas): Valentina Giacometti, Raffaele Pugliese, Maria Delfina Ricci, Alessandra Sacchetti, Anna Uttaro, Rosita Grieco, Adriano Mollicone, Roberta Isernia, Jabnia Trujillo Flores, Uriel Lomelí, tutta la squadra Psy+ Onlus, S. de Café Fresh, Becky Winstanley y Rebecca Durand del Tower Hamlets College, Karim Mhrdia de la Italian Bangladeshi Welfare Association UK. Todos los devotos del templo Om Hindu Mandir de Tor Pignattara por ser tan abiertos y disponibles a compartir conmigo. Un agradecimiento especial va para Braja y Kanai. Los miembros de la Asociación Dhuumcatu y de la Asociación de Mujeres en Italia. Las mamás de la escuela Pisacane, la maravillosa escuela Pisacane. Los estudiantes del CPIA Alessandrino, el director Pierluigi de Felice y los profesores y profesoras del instituto, el Templo Hare Krishna de Trevignano Romano. La Italian Bangladeshi Welfare Association 5 UK, el Tower Hamlets College. Todos, absolutamente todos los y las entrevistadas por confiar en mi y compartirme tanto. Sin ustedes esta tesis no sería nada. Mashuda, Ratna y Rupali por haber sido mi familia en Tor Pignattara, y Nasima por ser tan buena amiga y referente en Londres. Ustedes me abrieron sus casas y me dieron su amistad, que me quedo como un tesoro precioso. Mis amigos y amigas, y mis grupos de yoga que tanto en Roma que en Tijuana siempre me ayudaron a mantenerme en “cierto” equilibrio. Para terminar, mi familia. Siempre que he logrado metas importantes en la vida, siempre que he llegado lejos, es porque sabía de tener una base fuerte, y que siempre pude contar con ellos. Por supuesto, ¡mamá-dos y sista incluidas! Ahora, cuando pienso en mi familia hay dos miembros más, y es a ellos que va mi particular agradecimiento. Shahadat, gracias por aguantarme en estos últimos meses, pero sobre todo por creer tanto en mí y apoyarme en terminar este gran proyecto, justo a tiempo para empezar otro aún más grande, juntos. Los amo con toda mi alma. 6 RESUMEN El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación es de analizar las percepciones de la experiencia de integración al país receptor, desde la perspectiva de los migrantes mismos, enfocándose en los proyectos migratorios, compuestos por expectativas, planes y experiencia, y estrategias de integración, la formas de realizar y poner en práctica el plan que movió la decisión de emigrar. ¿Cómo se traduce el proyecto migratorio en estrategia(s) de integración al momento de vivir de forma concreta lo que había sido una expectativa? Se quiere centrar la atención en conocer de qué manera la experiencia migratoria transforma los planes de las personas, la forma en que esta transformación es narrada, los obstáculos y recursos encontrados y de qué manera han sido manejados, las emociones conectadas a la experiencia, la satisfacción o frustración que produce la realización o el abandono de un proyecto, y los eventuales ajustes de objetivos y planes a lo largo de la estancia en el extranjero. Para analizar estos ejes centrales, se parte de la experiencia específica de los migrantes de Bangladesh, que desde su lugar de origen, se mueven hacia dos contextos clave en sus trayectorias migratorias europeas: en Roma, Italia, y en Londres, en el Reino Unido. Se utiliza un enfoque narrativo. ABSTRACT The main aim of this research is to analyse the perceptions of the migrants’ integration in the receiving country, from the perspective of the migrants themselves. It focuses on migration plan, composed of expectations, projects and experience, and integration strategies, the ways to carry out and put into practice the plan that motivated the decision to emigrate in the first place. How is the migratory plan transformed into concrete integration strategies, which had been before just an expectation? The main focus lies on understanding how the migratory experience transforms people's plans, the way in which this transformation is narrated, the obstacles and resources that migrants found along the way and how they have been managed, the emotions connected to the experience, the satisfaction or frustration caused by the 7 realization or abandonment of a project, and the possible adjustments of aims and plans throughout the stay in the host country. These core ideas will be explored by analysing the specific experience of Bangladeshi migrants who, from their place of origin, move towards two key contexts in their European migration trajectories: in Rome, Italy, and in London, in the United Kingdom. A narrative approach is adopted. Palabras clave: Proyecto migratorio, estrategia de integración, experiencia migratoria, Bangladesh, Italia, Reino Unido Keywords: Migratory plan, integration strategies, migratory experience, Bangladesh, Italy, United Kingdom 8 ÍNDICE GENERAL CONSTANCIA DE APROBACIÓN DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTOS RESUMEN Y PALABRAS CLAVE EN ESPAÑOL E INGLÉS INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................................... 16 CAPÍTULO I. MARCO TEÓRICO .......................................................................................... 26 1.1. Propuestas teóricas para un entendimiento de la migración de origen bangladés ... 27 1.1.1. La importancia de las redes .................................................................................... 29 1.2. Elementos principales para el análisis ......................................................................
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